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Taddesse H, Grillini M, Ayana D, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Cassini R, Kumsa B. Survey of ectoparasites affecting dog and cat populations living in sympatry in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1413. [PMID: 38504631 PMCID: PMC10951627 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectoparasites of dogs and cats are implicated to be responsible for life-threatening anaemia, allergic dermatitis and pruritic and non-pruritic skin disorders. In Ethiopia, few studies have been conducted on the arthropods of dogs and cats. OBJECTIVES In order to shed light on some of these aspects, a survey was conducted to investigate the presence of ectoparasites in dogs and cats living in sympatry in the urban and rural areas of Gamo Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS A total of 297 dogs and 110 cats were examined for ectoparasites, and questionnaires were employed to obtain information concerning owner's knowledge about arthropods and vector-borne diseases (VBDs). RESULTS The overall prevalence of ticks, fleas and lice in dogs was 36.7%, 69.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Similarly, on cats, an overall prevalence of 2.7% ticks and 21.8% fleas was recorded. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis 69.4%, Echidnophaga gallinacea 1.3%, Ctenocephalides canis 1.0% and Pulex irritans 0.3%), ticks (Amblyomma variegatum 22.9%, Rhipicephalus sanguineus 14.1%, Haemaphysalis leachi 8.8%, Rhipicephalus praetextatus 4.0% and Rhipicephalus pulchellus 3.4%) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger 4.0% and Trichodectes canis 0.7%) were identified. Likewise, on cats, fleas (C. felis [15.5%] and E. gallinacea [7.3%]) and ticks (H. leachi [2.7%]) were identified. The abundance of C. felis was significantly higher (p < 0.001) on dogs, whereas in cats, the abundance of E. gallinacea was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than the other ectoparasites. On dogs, a significantly higher prevalence of Rh. sanguineus was recorded in urban areas (<0.001) and on dogs which live in indoor environments (p = 0.003) than on dogs which live in other environments. On the other hand, the prevalence of A. variegatum in rural areas and midland agroecology was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The prevalence of H. leachi was significantly higher in midland (p < 0.001) and on adult dogs (p = 0.001). Overall, fleas were more prevalent in rural (p = 0.029) than in urban areas, and female dogs were with higher infestation than the male (p = 0.047) dogs; C. felis was prevalent in female (p = 0.038) dogs than males. Overall, 88.3% owners in the study area had no knowledge about ectoparasites and VBDs of dogs and cats. Majority of the owners (64.8%) attest that they had never visited veterinary clinics. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the data presented in the present study provide additional knowledge on the importance of ectoparasites of dogs and cats and are believed to contribute in awareness creation and strengthening of veterinary services of dogs and cats of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Taddesse
- Southern Agricultural Research InstituteArba Minch Agricultural Research CenterArba MinchEthiopia
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and PathologyAddis Ababa UniversityBishoftuEthiopia
| | - Marika Grillini
- Department of Animal MedicineProduction and HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Dinka Ayana
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and PathologyAddis Ababa UniversityBishoftuEthiopia
| | | | - Rudi Cassini
- Department of Animal MedicineProduction and HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Bersissa Kumsa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and PathologyAddis Ababa UniversityBishoftuEthiopia
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Norris D, Michalski F. Carnivore coexistence without competition: giant otters are more nocturnal around dens than sympatric neotropical otters. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17244. [PMID: 38590704 PMCID: PMC11000638 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal activity of tropical otters is rarely reported. To date no studies have documented den use by sympatric giant (Pteronura brasiliensis) and neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). We used camera-traps to monitor den use by sympatric otters along an equatorial Amazonian river. Camera-traps provided evidence that giant otters were more nocturnal around dens than sympatric neotropical otters. Nocturnal activity was recorded in 11% of giant otter photos (n = 14 of 125 photos), but was recorded only once for neotropical otters. Den use by giant and neotropical otters overlapped spatially and temporally but not concurrently. We hypothesize that previously reported nocturnal activity in neotropical otters is facilitated by the absence or low density of giant otters. Our results also underscore the need to use complementary techniques together with den counts for monitoring otters as sympatric species can use the same dens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Norris
- Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macpá, Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Michalski
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapa, Brazil
- Pro-Carnivores Institute, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Qin H, Xu H, Capron A, Porth I, Cui M, Keena MA, Deng X, Shi J, Hamelin RC. Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?-The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis, and putative hybrids. Insect Sci 2024; 31:633-645. [PMID: 37578006 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorn beetle, ALB) and Anoplophora chinensis (Citrus longhorn beetle, CLB) are native forest pests in China; they have become important international quarantine pests. They are found using the same Salix aureo-pendula host tree of Cixi, Zhejiang province, China. On this host tree, we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB. By using a stereoscope, we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra, which was inconsistent with ALB, which typically has a smooth elytral base, but was more like CLB, which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base. Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology, we hypothesized that these may represent ALB × CLB hybrids. We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples (ALB, CLB, and putative hybrids) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) providing a reduced representation of the entire genome. Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data, we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB, but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals. Therefore, our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data. Further, while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years (2017, 2018, 2020, and 2021), and oviposition behavior was observed, no progeny was produced. Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments, we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB. Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Qin
- Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Department of Forest, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huachao Xu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Arnaud Capron
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ilga Porth
- Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mingming Cui
- Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melody A Keena
- Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaofang Deng
- Changchun Landscape Plant Conservation Station, Bureau of Forestry and Landscaping of Changchun, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Department of Forest, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard C Hamelin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Shaw KL, Cooney CR, Mendelson TC, Ritchie MG, Roberts NS, Yusuf LH. How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation? Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041427. [PMID: 38346859 PMCID: PMC10982695 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A central role for sexual isolation in the formation of new species and establishment of species boundaries has been noticed since Darwin and is frequently emphasized in the modern literature on speciation. However, an objective evaluation of when and how sexual isolation plays a role in speciation has been carried out in few taxa. We discuss three approaches for assessing the importance of sexual isolation relative to other reproductive barriers, including the relative evolutionary rate of sexual trait differentiation, the relative strength of sexual isolation in sympatry, and the role of sexual isolation in the long-term persistence of diverging forms. First, we evaluate evidence as to whether sexual isolation evolves faster than other reproductive barriers during the early stages of divergence. Second, we discuss available evidence as to whether sexual isolation is as strong or stronger than other barriers between closely related sympatric species. Finally, we consider the effect of sexual isolation on long-term species persistence, relative to other reproductive barriers. We highlight challenges to our knowledge of and opportunities to improve upon our understanding of sexual isolation from different phases of the speciation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Shaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Christopher R Cooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Tamra C Mendelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Michael G Ritchie
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S Roberts
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ekologihuset, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Leeban H Yusuf
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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5
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Alila DO, Ten Brink H, Haesler M, Seehausen O. Ecological character displacement among Nothobranchius annual killifishes in Tanzania. Evolution 2024; 78:679-689. [PMID: 38241699 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Divergent ecological character displacement (ECD) is the competition-driven divergence in resource use-related phenotypic traits between coexisting species. It is considered one of the primary drivers of ecological diversification and adaptive radiation. We analyzed phenotypic and ecological variation in 2 African annual killifish species of the genus Nothobranchius: N. eggersi and N. melanospilus in sympatry and N. melanospilus in allopatry. Our aim was to test whether allopatric and sympatric populations of N. melanospilus differ morphologically from each other and from N. eggersi and examine whether these differences are consistent with the predictions of ECD. We find that sympatric N. melanospilus differ from allopatric N. melanospilus and differ from N. eggersi more strongly than the latter. Our data satisfy four criteria for demonstrating ECD: Differences in phenotypes between allopatric and sympatric N. melanospilus are greater than expected by chance; the divergence pattern between allopatric and sympatric N. melanospilus results from an evolutionary shift rather than from ecological sorting; morphological differences observed reflect differences in resource use; and, lastly, sites of allopatry and sympatry do not differ in food resource availability or other ecological conditions. Our results suggest that competition is the main driver of the observed divergence between two N. melanospilus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Alila
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es salaam, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Hanna Ten Brink
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Haesler
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li Z, Lu J, Shi X, Duo L, Smith JLD, Wang T. Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia. Integr Zool 2024; 19:183-199. [PMID: 37231642 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines. Although studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (P. pardus) span decades, there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale, as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference competition. We gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models; we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and leopards. Elevation and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence mechanisms. Tigers and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial niche. In addition, they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich regions. We determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation structures. Meanwhile, studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference competition. Our study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad scale. Policy-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation, prey abundance, and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li'an Duo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - James L D Smith
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tianming Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard, Beijing, China
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Lizana P, Mutis A, Palma-Millanao R, González-González A, Ceballos R, Quiroz A, Bardehle L, Hidalgo A, Torres F, Romero-López A, Venthur H. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of chemoreceptors in two sympatric scarab beetles, Hylamorpha elegans and Brachysternus prasinus. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2024; 49:101174. [PMID: 38096641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemoreception through odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptors (GRs) represents the functions of key proteins in the chemical ecology of insects. Recent studies have identified chemoreceptors in coleopterans, facilitating the evolutionary analysis of not only ORs but also IRs and GRs. Thus, Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae have received increased attention. However, knowledge of the chemoreceptors from Scarabaeidae is still limited, particularly for those that are sympatric. Considering the roles of chemoreceptors, this analysis could shed light on evolutionary processes in the context of sympatry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and compare the repertoires of ORs, GRs and IRs between two sympatric scarab beetles, Hylamorpha elegans and Brachysternus prasinus. Here, construction of the antennal transcriptomes of both scarab beetle species and analyses of their phylogeny, molecular evolution and relative expression were performed. Thus, 119 new candidate chemoreceptors were identified for the first time, including 17 transcripts for B. prasinus (1 GR, 3 IRs and 13 ORs) and 102 for H. elegans (22 GRs, 14 IRs and 66 ORs). Orthologs between the two scarab beetle species were found, revealing specific expansions as well as absence in some clades. Purifying selection appears to have occurred on H. elegans and B. prasinus ORs. Further efforts will be focused on target identification to characterize kairomone and/or pheromone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lizana
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rubén Palma-Millanao
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Angélica González-González
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Centro Tecnológico de Control Biológico, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA)-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonardo Bardehle
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alejandro Hidalgo
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Torres
- Carrera de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Angel Romero-López
- Laboratorio de Infoquímicos y Otros Productos Bióticos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Herbert Venthur
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Cosentino M, Marcolin C, Griffiths ET, Sánchez-Camí E, Tougaard J. Dolphin and porpoise detections by the F-POD are not independent: Implications for sympatric species monitoring. JASA Express Lett 2024; 4:031202. [PMID: 38467471 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The F-POD is designed for passive acoustic monitoring of odontocetes. The offline classifiers can identify and separate porpoise-like sounds from dolphin-like sounds. We show that these two classifiers are not working independently. Run together, virtually no detections of both species were reported within the same minute, whereas 10% of the detection positive minutes were reported positive for both species when the two classifiers were run sequentially. This has important implications for interpretation of data in areas containing both species groups, and we call for reporting all analysis details in such studies and for further description and analysis of the classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Cosentino
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, , , , ,
| | | | | | | | - Jakob Tougaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, , , , ,
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Kuo CY, Melo-Flóres L, Aragón A, Oberweiser MM, McMillan WO, Pardo-Diaz C, Salazar C, Merrill RM. Divergent warning patterns influence male and female mating behaviours in a tropical butterfly. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:267-273. [PMID: 38306464 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Traits under divergent ecological selection that also function during mating can be important in maintaining species boundaries. Few studies have considered mutual mate choice, where both males and females base mating decisions on the same trait. Wing colouration in Heliconius butterflies evolved as a warning signal but also functions as a mating cue. We investigated the contribution of visual preference to assortative mating in an aposematic butterfly Heliconius cydno in the context of reproductive isolation with its sympatric, visually distinct relative Heliconius melpomene. Heliconius cydno have conspicuous white bands on their forewings, whereas those of H. melpomene are red in colour. We predicted that both sexes of H. cydno contributed to assortative mating by exhibiting visual preference towards conspecific wing colouration. We analysed published and new data from preference experiments, in which males were presented with conspecific and H. melpomene females. We also recorded female responses and mating outcomes in choice experiments, involving conspecific males with either the original white or artificially painted red forewing bands. Both sexes of H. cydno responded more positively towards the conspecific colouration, and males strongly preferred females of its own colours. In contrast, male colouration did not predict mating outcomes in female choice experiments. As courtships are initiated by males in butterflies, our findings suggest that female visual preference might be of secondary importance in H. cydno. Our data also suggest that the contribution of visual preference to reproductive isolation might be unequal between H. cydno and its sympatric relative H. melpomene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yun Kuo
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panamá
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lina Melo-Flóres
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Aragón
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Morgan M Oberweiser
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panamá
| | | | - Carolina Pardo-Diaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Richard M Merrill
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panamá
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McEachin S, Drury JP, Grether GF. Competitive Displacement and Agonistic Character Displacement, or the Ghost of Interference Competition. Am Nat 2024; 203:335-346. [PMID: 38358816 DOI: 10.1086/728671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractInterference competition can drive species apart in habitat use through competitive displacement in ecological time and agonistic character displacement (ACD) over evolutionary time. As predicted by ACD theory, sympatric species of rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.) that respond more aggressively to each other in staged encounters differ more in microhabitat use. However, the same pattern could arise from competitive displacement if dominant species actively exclude subordinate species from preferred microhabitats. The degree to which habitat partitioning is caused by competitive displacement can be assessed with removal experiments. We carried out removal experiments with three species pairs of rubyspot damselflies. With competitive displacement, removing dominant species should allow subordinate species to shift into the dominant species' microhabitat. Instead, we found that species-specific microhabitat use persisted after the experimental removals. Thus, the previously documented association between heterospecific aggression and microhabitat partitioning in this genus is most likely a product of divergence in habitat preferences caused by interference competition in the evolutionary past.
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Harmáčková L, Remeš V. The Evolution of Local Co-occurrence in Birds in Relation to Latitude, Degree of Sympatry, and Range Symmetry. Am Nat 2024; 203:432-443. [PMID: 38358810 DOI: 10.1086/728687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractRecent speciation rates and the degree of range-wide sympatry are usually higher farther from the equator. Is there also a higher degree of secondary syntopy (coexistence in local assemblages in sympatry) at higher latitudes and, subsequently, an increase in local species richness? We studied the evolution of syntopy in passerine birds using worldwide species distribution data. We chose recently diverged species pairs from subclades not older than 5 or 7 million years, range-wide degree of sympatry not lower than 5% or 25%, and three definitions of the breeding season. We related their syntopy to latitude, the degree of sympatry (breeding range overlap), range symmetry, and the age of split. Syntopy was positively related to latitude, but it did not differ between tropical and temperate regions, instead increasing from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere. Syntopy was also higher in species pairs with a higher degree of sympatry and more symmetric ranges, but it did not predict local species richness. Following speciation, species in the Northern Hemisphere presumably achieve positive local co-occurrence faster than elsewhere, which could facilitate their higher speciation rates. However, this does not seem to be linked to local species richness, which is probably governed by other processes.
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Jarvis WMC, Arthur NJ, Rundle HD, Dyer KA. An experimental test of the evolutionary consequences of sympatry in Drosophila subquinaria. Evolution 2024; 78:555-565. [PMID: 38153840 PMCID: PMC10903541 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Prezygotic isolation is often stronger between sympatric as opposed to allopatric taxa, but the underlying cause can be difficult to infer from comparative studies alone. Experimental evolution, where evolutionary responses to treatments manipulating the presence/absence of heterospecific individuals are tracked, can provide a powerful complementary approach. We used experimental evolution to investigate a naturally occurring pattern of reproductive character displacement in the mushroom-feeding fly, Drosophila subquinaria. In nature, female D. subquinaria from populations sympatric with the closely related Drosophila recens discriminate more strongly against heterospecific males than do females from allopatric populations. Starting with 16 replicate allopatric populations of D. subquinaria, we manipulated the presence/absence of D. recens during mating (experimental sympatry vs. control) and, when present, we allowed hybrids to live or kill them each generation. Across 12 generations, heterospecific offspring production from no-choice mating trials between D. subquinaria females and D. recens males declined in both experimental sympatry treatments relative to the control, suggesting increased sexual isolation. Male cuticular hydrocarbon profiles also evolved, but only in the hybrids killed treatment. Our results strongly imply that the existing reproductive character displacement in wild D. subquinaria populations was an evolutionary response to selection arising from secondary contact with D. recens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas J Arthur
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Kelly A Dyer
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Ding Z, Wang X, Zou T, Hao X, Zhang Q, Sun B, Du W. Climate warming has divergent physiological impacts on sympatric lizards. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168992. [PMID: 38052387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to affect the vulnerability of sympatric species differentially due to their divergent traits, but the underlying physiological mechanisms of those impacts are poorly understood. We conducted field warming experiments (present climate vs. warm climate) using open-top chambers to determine the effects of climate warming on active body temperature, oxidative damage, immune competence, growth and survival in two sympatric desert-dwelling lizards, Eremias multiocellata and Eremias argus from May 2019 to September 2020. Our climate warming treatment did not affect survival of the two species, but it did increase active body temperatures and growth rate in E. multiocellata compared to E. argus. Climate warming also induced greater oxidative damage (higher malondialdehyde content and catalase activity) in E. multiocellata, but not in E. argus. Further, climate warming increased immune competence in E. multiocellata, but decreased immune competence in E. argus, with regards to white blood cell counts, bacteria killing ability and relative expression of immunoglobulin M. Our results suggest that climate warming enhances body temperature, and thereby oxidative stress, immune competence and growth in E. multiocellata, but decreases immune competence of E. argus, perhaps as a cost of thermoregulation to maintain body temperatures under climate warming. The divergent physiological effects of climate warming on sympatric species may have profound ecological consequences if it eventually leads to changes in reproductive activities, population dynamics and community structure. Our study highlights the importance of considering interspecific differences in physiological traits when we evaluate the impact of climate warming on organisms, even for those closely-related species coexisting within the same geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Amen R, Havenstein K, Kirschbaum F, Tiedemann R. Diet in phenotypically divergent sympatric species of African weakly electric fish (genus: Campylomormyrus)-A hybrid capture/HTS metabarcoding approach. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17248. [PMID: 38126927 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ecological speciation within the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus resulted in sympatric species exhibiting divergence in their feeding apparatus and electric organ discharge (EOD). This study documents the overall diet of the genus Campylomormyrus and examines the hypothesis that the Campylomormyrus radiation is caused by adaptation to different food sources. We performed diet assessment of five sympatric Campylomormyrus species (C. alces, C. compressirostris, C. curvirostris, C. tshokwe, C. numenius) and their sister taxon Gnathonemus petersii with markedly different snout morphologies and EODs using hybrid capture/HTS DNA metabarcoding of their stomach contents. Our approach allowed for high taxonomic resolution of prey items, including benthic invertebrates, allochthonous invertebrates and vegetation. Comparisons of the diet compositions using quantitative measures and diet overlap indices revealed that all species are able to exploit multiple food niches in their habitats, that is fauna at the bottom, the water surface and the water column. A major part of the diet is larvae of aquatic insects, such as dipterans, coleopterans and trichopterans, known to occur in holes and interstitial spaces of the substrate. The results indicate that different snout morphologies and the associated divergence in the EOD could translate into different prey spectra. This suggests that the diversification in EOD and/or morphology of the feeding apparatus could be under functional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Amen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Katja Havenstein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschbaum
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Moya SL, Pech-May A, Quintana MG, Salomón OD. Cryptic Diversity in Sympatric Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae), Eventual Meaning for Leishmaniasis Transmission. Neotrop Entomol 2024; 53:47-55. [PMID: 37973714 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Migonemyia migonei (Franҫa, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae) belongs to the subfamily Phlebotominae, of epidemiological importance due to its role as a vector in leishmaniasis transmission cycles and its broad geographic distribution in South America. Few morphometric and genetic studies have demonstrated the existence of variability among geographically distant populations in Brazil. The aim of the study was to estimate the genetic distance within the morphospecies Mg. migonei through the analysis of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of specimens captured in Argentina and those available in online databases. The COI sequences from specimens collected in different localities of Argentina and sequences available in online databases were utilized. Genetic distances were analyzed and a median-joining haplotype network was constructed. Finally, phylogenetic reconstruction was performed according to Bayesian inference. The analyses led to the identification of at least two haplogroups: haplogroup I with sequences of specimens from Colombia, Brazil and Argentina, and haplogroup II with sequences of specimens from Argentina. Interestingly, specimens from Argentina whose haplotypes corresponded to both haplogroups, were collected in sympatry. The results suggest that Mg. migonei could be a species complex with at least two distinct members. This hypothesis could explain the known characteristics of adaptability and vector permissiveness of the species, as the putative cryptic species of the complex could differ in traits of epidemiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Lorián Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Angélica Pech-May
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Entomología, Univ Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yue Y, Yang Z, Wei W, Yang B, Qi D, Gu X, Yang X, Lu S, Zhang W, Dai Q, Zhang Z. The effectiveness of using giant panda as a surrogate for protecting sympatric species. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119803. [PMID: 38134503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of umbrella species to promote biodiversity conservation is practiced worldwide. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) an iconic species for world wildlife conservation, that inhabits regions with significant biodiversity. Given that the functions at wildlife of different trophic levels and in different body size groups are different within the ecosystem, it is unknown whether those groups of wildlife co-occurring with giant pandas are each likewise protected. To examine the umbrella effect of giant pandas on sympatric species, we used an extensive dataset of wildlife from more than 78% of giant panda habitats. We analysed the changes in distribution for four wildlife categories (large carnivores, large herbivores, medium carnivores and medium herbivores) using a generalized linear mixed model, and the underlying driving factors using binomial logistic regression models. Changes in forests in giant panda habitats were evaluated using Fragstats. The results have shown that the counts of herbivores and medium carnivores increased significantly during the decade. However, those of large carnivores significantly declined. Forest cover and nature reserves showed significant and positive effects on wildlife in 2001 and 2011, while the human population had significant and negative impacts on the herbivores and carnivores. Our results have also suggested that there has been a slight alleviation in forest fragmentation in areas unaffected by earthquakes. We concluded that the umbrella strategy of using the giant panda as an umbrella species achieved partial success by promoting the recovery of herbivores and medium carnivores. Meanwhile, this has indicated that the strategy was not sufficient for large carnivores, and therefore not enough for local ecosystems, given the critical role of large carnivores. We have suggested integrating habitat patches, controlling human disturbance, and preparing for potential human-wildlife conflict management in the Giant Panda National Park to restore large carnivore populations and maintain ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yue
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Sichuan Provincial Administration of Giant Panda National Park, 610081, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Nature Protected Area Administration Station, 610081, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Lu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Survey and Planning Institute, 610081, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China; College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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Svensson O, Woodhouse K, Smith A, Seehausen O, Turner GF. Sympatry and parapatry among rocky reef cichlids of Lake Victoria explained by female mating preferences. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:51-61. [PMID: 38285657 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Work on the Lake Victoria cichlids Pundamilia nyererei (red dorsum males, deeper water), Pundamilia pundamilia (blue males, shallower water) and related species pairs has provided insights into processes of speciation. Here, we investigate the female mating behaviour of 5 Pundamilia species and 4 of their F1 hybrids through mate choice trials and paternity testing. Complete assortative mating was observed among all sympatric species. Parapatric species with similar depth habitat distributions interbred whereas other parapatric and allopatric species showed complete assortative mating. F1 hybrids mated exclusively with species accepted by females of the parental species. The existence of complete assortative mating among some currently allopatric species suggests that pre-existing mating barriers could be sufficient to explain current patterns of co-existence, although, of course, many other factors may be involved. Regardless of the mechanism, mating preferences may influence species distribution in potentially hybridizing taxa, such as in the adaptive radiation of cichlid fish. We suggest that this at least partly explains why some species fail to establish breeding populations in locations where they are occasionally recorded. Our results support the notion that the mating preferences of potentially cross-breeding species ought to be included in coexistence theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Svensson
- Department of Educational Work, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Woodhouse
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Smith
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George F Turner
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Mezquida ET, Zanón-Martínez JI. Habitat partitioning among sympatric tinamous in semiarid woodlands of central Argentina. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297053. [PMID: 38241305 PMCID: PMC10798496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sympatric, phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species that overlap in their distributions at a regional scale display different patterns of co-occurrence at local assemblages. Occurrence of each species at local scales might be the result of interspecific competition for limiting resources. However, these patterns could also arise from species-specific habitat preferences along the abiotic or land use gradients. To assess the role of these mechanisms, we investigated niche partitioning among sympatric tinamou species occurring in semiarid woodlands of central Argentina. We used occupancy models incorporating habitat characteristics and interspecific interactions, while accounting for detectability, to examine the spatial overlap among elegant crested tinamous (Eudromia elegans), brushland tinamous (Nothoprocta cinerascens), and nothura tinamous (Nothura darwinii and N. maculosa) across a wide regional scale. In addition, we investigated time partitioning among these species by estimating the degree of overlap in their daily activity patterns. The regional distribution of the three species was influenced by the gradient in plant productivity and vegetation structure, in agreement with their broad habitat requirements. We also found that the occurrence of each species was presumably affected by the presence of one or two predator species. Models including interactions among tinamou species found weak negative and positive interactions among species pairs, suggesting that co-occurrence patterns were mainly driven by species-specific habitat use rather than interspecific competition. The three species were diurnal, showing two main peaks of activity, and overlapped widely in their overall diel activity, although subordinate species tended to shift their activity patterns to reduce encounters with the dominant tinamou species, suggesting some segregation in this niche dimension. Projected changes in rainfall seasonality and warmer conditions in this region could benefit elegant crested tinamous over the other two species, although climate and land use changes will likely have a negative impact on all tinamou species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo T. Mezquida
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center (CIBC-UAM), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Juan I. Zanón-Martínez
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Godefroid M, Vandendriessche M, Todinanahary GGB, Ransquin I, Dubois P. Thermal sensitivity of black corals (Antipatharia: Hexacorallia): Comparisons between sympatric species from a thermally fluctuating site in Madagascar and between allopatric congenerics. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168311. [PMID: 37926267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated factors shaping the thermal sensitivity in antipatharians, a taxon whose members form dense aggregations in all oceans, harbouring a high biodiversity. First, we tested the thermal responses of five sympatric species (Antipathes grandis, Cupressopathes abies, Stichopathes cf. maldivensis, Cirrhipathes anguina and Cirrhipathes cf. spiralis) from the Great Reef of Toliara (Madagascar), using an acute ramping methodology. We then compared the thermal performance curves (TPCs) for oxygen consumption of these five species. Results indicated that phylogeny alone does not explain differences in thermal sensitivity (Antipathidae vs. Myriopathidae). On the contrary, morphology (branched vs. unbranched) appeared as a key factor, with unbranched species (S. cf. maldivensis, C. anguina, C. cf. spiralis) being more tolerant to thermal stress than branched ones (A. grandis and C. abies). Several hypothesis could explain these variations in thermal tolerance across morphology, such as tissue thickness, surface/volume ratio or mass-transfer efficiency. Secondly, we compared the TPC of Stichopathes from Madagascar with those previously obtained in congenerics from the Canary Islands and French Polynesia. This revealed a higher thermal tolerance in the two former than in the latter. It is proposed that it is linked to higher annual temperature variability (but not daily variability) in these two sites compared to French Polynesia. It is concluded that thermal sensitivity in antipatharians is linked to their morphology influencing their physiology and to their thermal history. Phylogeny at the family level plays a less important role in explaining differences in thermal sensitivity in antipatharians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Godefroid
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/15, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mathilde Vandendriessche
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/15, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gildas Georges Boleslas Todinanahary
- Belaza Marine Station, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), Université de Toliara, Rue Dr Rabesandratana HD, P.O. Box 141, 601 Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Ignace Ransquin
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/15, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Delapieve MLS, Rocha LA, Reis RE. Phylogenomics of the narrowly endemic Eurycheilichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): Sympatric species with non-sister relationships suggest mainly allopatric speciation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107970. [PMID: 37995894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Armored catfishes of the genus Eurycheilichthys are endemic to Southern Brazil and Misiones (Argentina) comprising nine species of small size, with a high degree of sympatry and species diversity distributed in two river basins. Here we use new genome-wide data to infer a species phylogeny and test species boundaries for this poorly known group. We estimate 1) the phylogenetic relationships of the species of Eurycheilichthys based on 29,350 loci in 65 individuals of nine species plus outgroups, and 2) the population structure and differentiation based on 43,712 loci and 62 individuals to estimate how geography may have acted on speciation and formation of the sympatric species groups. Analyses support the monophyly of the genus and suggest two species-inclusive clades (East and West) with high support and very recently diverged species. Western clade contains E. limulus (from upper Jacuí River basin) that is sister to Western species of the Taquari-Antas basin plus E. paucidens. The Eastern clade contains E. pantherinus (from Uruguay River basin) sister to the Eastern species of the Taquari-Antas basin E. coryphaenus, plus the central-distributed species E. planus and E. vacariensis, and the more widely-distributed species E. luisae. Eurycheilichthys luisae is not monophyletic and may contain one or more cryptic species or hybrid individuals. A stronger diversity on structure of lineages on the Taquari-Antas, when compared to upper Uruguay and Jacuí River basins, and the fact that most of the sympatrically distributed taxa have non-sister relationships suggest a scenario of mainly allopatric speciation and may indicate a more dynamic landscape with headwater capture events among these tributaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura S Delapieve
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiz A Rocha
- Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Roberto E Reis
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Alcantara Viana JV, Campos Duarte R, Vieira C, Augusto Poleto Antiqueira P, Bach A, de Mello G, Silva L, Rabelo Oliveira Leal C, Quevedo Romero G. Crypsis by background matching and disruptive coloration as drivers of substrate occupation in sympatric Amazonian bark praying mantises. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19985. [PMID: 37968331 PMCID: PMC10652001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background matching and disruptive coloration are common camouflage strategies in nature, but few studies have accurately measured their protective value in living organisms. Amazon's Bark praying mantises exhibit colour patterns matching whitish and greenish-brown tree trunks. We tested the functional significance of background matching and disruptive coloration of different praying mantis morphospecies (white, grey and green) detected by DNA barcoding. Through image analysis, avian visual models and field experiments using humans as potential predators, we explored whether the background occupation of mantises provides camouflage against predation. Data were obtained for individuals against their occupied tree trunks (whitish or greenish-brown) and microhabitats (lichen or bryophyte patches), compared to non-occupied trunks. White and grey mantises showed lower colour contrasts against occupied trunks at the scale of tree trunk, with no differences in luminance contrasts. Conversely, green mantises showed lower colour and luminance contrasts against microhabitats and also exhibited high edge disruption against greenish-brown trunks. The camouflage of white and green mantis models against colour-matching trunks increased search time and reduced encounter distance of human predators. We highlight the importance of camouflage strategies at different spatial scales to enhance individual survival against predators. Specifically, we present a stunning study system to investigate the relationship of phylogenetically related species that use camouflage in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor de Alcantara Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Campos Duarte
- Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, CEP 09606-045, Brazil
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Camila Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus de Pirassununga, Pirassununga, São Paulo, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Augusto Poleto Antiqueira
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, N° 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, 78060900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, N° 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, 78060900, Brazil
| | - Lorhaine Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, N° 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, 78060900, Brazil
| | - Camila Rabelo Oliveira Leal
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Quevedo Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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22
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Glass JR, Harrington RC, Cowman PF, Faircloth BC, Near TJ. Widespread sympatry in a species-rich clade of marine fishes (Carangoidei). Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230657. [PMID: 37909084 PMCID: PMC10618865 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A universal paradigm describing patterns of speciation across the tree of life has been debated for decades. In marine organisms, inferring patterns of speciation using contemporary and historical patterns of biogeography is challenging due to the deficiency of species-level phylogenies and information on species' distributions, as well as conflicting relationships between species' dispersal, range size and co-occurrence. Most research on global patterns of marine fish speciation and biogeography has focused on coral reef or pelagic species. Carangoidei is an ecologically important clade of marine fishes that use coral reef and pelagic environments. We used sequence capture of 1314 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 154 taxa to generate a time-calibrated phylogeny of Carangoidei and its parent clade, Carangiformes. Age-range correlation analyses of the geographical distributions and divergence times of sister species pairs reveal widespread sympatry, with 73% of sister species pairs exhibiting sympatric geographical distributions, regardless of node age. Most species pairs coexist across large portions of their ranges. We also observe greater disparity in body length and maximum depth between sympatric relative to allopatric sister species. These and other ecological or behavioural attributes probably facilitate sympatry among the most closely related carangoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Glass
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard C. Harrington
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter F. Cowman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Brant C. Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas J. Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology. New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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23
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Kieleczawa KA, Luke K, Gregory A. Genetic analysis of two species of Mnomen in the Kalamazoo Watershed reveal panmixia in Z. Aquatica, structure among Z. Palustris, and hybridization in areas of sympatry. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15971. [PMID: 37933259 PMCID: PMC10625758 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mnomen or wild rice of the genus Zizania is an important part of Native American culture, especially in Michigan for the Ojibwe nation. An oil spill in 2010 along the Kalamazoo River and the subsequent clean-up lead to renewed interest in management of Mnomen within the Kalamazoo watershed. The affected water bodies were surveyed for Zizania species to map existing populations, determine the existing genetic diversity and species present, and to identify potential hybridization. Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge of rice beds and opportunistic sampling of encountered plants, 28 rice beds were sampled. Two species of Zizania were identified Z. palustris and Z. aquatica. Genetic diversity was measured using 11 microsatellite loci and was moderately high for both species (Z. aquatica HE = 0.669, H0 = 0.672, n = 26 and Z. palustris HE = 0.697, H0 = 0.636, n = 57). No evidence of population bottle-necking was found. Z. palustris was found to have k = 3 populations on the landscape, while Z. aquatica was found to be a single panmictic population. Several individual hybrids were confirmed using genotyping and they were all found in areas where the two species co-occurred. Additionally, Z. aquatica was found to have expanded into areas historically with only Z. palustris downstream of the oil spill, potentially due to dredging and sediment relocation as part of the clean-up effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaylee Luke
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States of America
- LabCorp, Colombus, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
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Smit A, Mulandane FC, Wojcik SH, Horak IG, Makepeace BL, Morar-Leather D, Neves L. Sympatry of Amblyomma eburneum and Amblyomma variegatum on African buffaloes and prevalence of pathogens in ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102247. [PMID: 37651847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The Amblyomma genus is represented on the African continent by 24 species, out of which 17 are known to occur in different ecological niches of southern Africa. Amblyomma, known for their aggressive hunting behaviour and aptitude as pathogen vectors, are of main concern to travellers, mainly in rural and conservation areas of Africa. In this study, we highlight the overlapping distribution of Amblyomma eburneum and Amblyomma variegatum found on African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) at Coutada 11, Central Mozambique. In total, 1,039 Amblyomma ticks were collected and morphologically identified using taxonomic keys, and genomic DNA was extracted. They were subjected to reverse line blotting for pathogen identification followed by molecular analysis (COI sequencing) of both tick species. Pathogens such as Ehrlichia ruminantium, Anaplasma centrale, Theileria sp., Babesia sp. and Rickettsia africae were detected, of which R. africae is zoonotic. Ehrlichia ruminantium, R. africae, Theileria mutans and Theileria velifera are well-established pathogens transmitted by Amblyomma ticks; however, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. are not, suggesting residual parasite DNA in the bloodmeal. Little is mentioned in the literature about A. eburneum, including its role as a vector and reservoir for pathogens. In Mozambique A. eburneum is currently restricted to wildlife but the spread of the tick may be observed given the climate change that is occurring. The infection rates for the pathogens in both Amblyomma tick species were lower than expected, but this may be due to the low host density in the forest niche and the innate immunity of these hosts. With the propensity of ticks of the Amblyomma genus to form parapatric distributions, the mechanisms that allows for the overlapping distribution of these two Amblyomma species while maintaining tick species identity is of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andeliza Smit
- Tick Research Group, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Fernando C Mulandane
- Biotechnology Center, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Moçambique Km 1.5, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Stephané H Wojcik
- Tick Research Group, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Ivan G Horak
- Tick Research Group, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Benjamin L Makepeace
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, United Kingdom
| | - Darshana Morar-Leather
- Tick Research Group, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Luis Neves
- Tick Research Group, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Biotechnology Center, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Moçambique Km 1.5, Maputo, Mozambique
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25
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Lesiczka PM, Myśliwy I, Buńkowska-Gawlik K, Modrý D, Hrazdilová K, Hildebrand J, Perec-Matysiak A. Circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among invasive and native carnivore species living in sympatry in Poland. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:368. [PMID: 37853498 PMCID: PMC10583402 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplasma phagocytophilum is characterized by a worldwide distribution and distinguished from other Anaplasmataceae by the broadest range of mammalian hosts and high genetic diversity. The role carnivores play in the life cycle of A. phagocytophilum in Europe is uncertain. Currently, only the red fox is considered a suitable reservoir host. In this study, we focused on native and invasive medium-sized carnivore species that live in sympatry and represent the most abundant species of wild carnivores in Poland. METHODS A total of 275 individual spleen samples from six carnivore species (Vulpes vulpes, Meles meles, Procyon lotor, Nyctereutes procyonoides and Martes spp.) were screened combining nested PCR and sequencing for A. phagocytophilum targeting a partial groEL gene with subsequent phylogenetic analysis inferred by the maximum likelihood method. RESULTS The DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in 16 of 275 individuals (5.8%). Eight unique genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum were obtained. All detected haplotypes clustered in the clade representing European ecotype I. Three variants belonged to the subclade with European human cases together with strains from dogs, foxes, cats, and wild boars. CONCLUSIONS While carnivores might have a restricted role in the dissemination of A. phagocytophilum due to their relatively low to moderate infection rates, they hold significance as hosts for ticks. Consequently, they could contribute to the transmission of tick-borne infections to humans indirectly, primarily through tick infection. This underscores the potential risk of urbanization for the A. phagocytophilum life cycle, further emphasizing the need for comprehensive understanding of its ecological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Maria Lesiczka
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Izabella Myśliwy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - David Modrý
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Hildebrand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Porto W, Prez-Gonzlez A. The newest and the oldest species in the same vial: Description of a new species of Ceratomontia Roewer, 1915 and redescription of Ceratomontia capensis Roewer, 1915 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Triaenonychidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5357:131-138. [PMID: 38220651 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ceratomontia starengai sp. nov. is described from South Africa, based on one specimen found in the type series of Ceratomontia capensis Roewer, 1915, which is redescribed in this work. The presence of this new species represents sympatry of Ceratomontia species, something not uncommon for species of the family Triaenonychidae. Images of the genital morphology, which are crucial to the diagnosis of the group, are included in the descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willians Porto
- Divisin de Aracnologa; Museo Argentino de Ciencias NaturalesCONICET; Av. ngel Gallardo 470; C1405DJR Buenos Aires; Argentina.
| | - Abel Prez-Gonzlez
- Divisin de Aracnologa; Museo Argentino de Ciencias NaturalesCONICET; Av. ngel Gallardo 470; C1405DJR Buenos Aires; Argentina.
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27
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Iatta R, Carbonara M, Morea A, Trerotoli P, Benelli G, Nachum-Biala Y, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Cavalera MA, Baneth G, Bandi C, Zatelli A, Otranto D. Assessment of the diagnostic performance of serological tests in areas where Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tarentolae occur in sympatry. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:352. [PMID: 37807047 PMCID: PMC10561492 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniosis caused by infection with the zoonotic protozoan Leishmania infantum is a life-threatening disease affecting dogs and humans. The sympatric occurrence of L. infantum and Leishmania tarentolae in an area of southern Italy endemic for canine leishmaniosis, where dogs are also exposed to the latter species, suggests the persistence of herpetophilic L. tarentolae in a non-permissive host, therefore raising questions about the performance of serological diagnostic tests routinely employed. METHODS The diagnostic performance of serological tests such as the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), two commercial immunoenzymatic assays (i.e. NovaTec VetLine Leishmania ELISA® and rK39 ICT®) and an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated in healthy dogs seropositive to L. infantum, whereas the only IFAT available was used to detect antibodies to L. tarentolae. RESULTS With the IFAT, out of a total of 104 dogs tested, 15 were seronegative for L. infantum of which three were L. tarentolae seropositive' and 89 were L. infantum seropositive. Of the latter 89 dogs, representing the highest proportion of seropositive animals (85.6%) detected by IFAT' 66 were also seropositive for L. tarentolae. Cohen's kappa (κ) agreement coefficient between the IFAT results and those of all the other tests was very low, and the IFAT results were significantly different from those of all the other serological tests as calculated by Cochran's Q-test. Analysis using the Bayesian latent class (Bayes-LCA) showed that the in-house ELISA and IFAT contributed the most towards identifying infected and non-infected dogs, respectively. The IFAT test showed low positive predictive value (59.5%), but high negative predictive value (100%). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the IFAT for L. infantum, although highly sensitive, may not be considered a useful diagnostic test due to its low specificity. Therefore, an accurate serological tool with high specificity is mandatory for avoiding cross-reaction in epidemiological contexts where the two species of Leishmania occur in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariaelisa Carbonara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Anna Morea
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Gad Baneth
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, Pediatric CRC "Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi"-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Strøm JF, Bøhn T, Skjaeraasen JE, Gjelland KØ, Karlsen Ø, Johansen T, Hanebrekke T, Bjørn PA, Olsen EM. Movement diversity and partial sympatry of coastal and Northeast Arctic cod ecotypes at high latitudes. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:1966-1978. [PMID: 37485731 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Movement diversity within species represent an important but often neglected, component of biodiversity that affects ecological and genetic interactions, as well as the productivity of exploited systems. By combining individual tracking data from acoustic telemetry with novel genetic analyses, we describe the movement diversity of two Atlantic cod Gadus morhua ecotypes in two high-latitude fjord systems: the highly migratory Northeast Arctic cod (NEA cod) that supports the largest cod fishery in the world, and the more sedentary Norwegian coastal cod, which is currently in a depleted state. As predicted, coastal cod displayed a higher level of fjord residency than NEA cod. Of the cod tagged during the spawning season, NEA cod left the fjords permanently to a greater extent and earlier compared to coastal cod, which to a greater extent remained resident and left the fjords temporarily. Despite this overall pattern, horizontal movements atypical for the ecotypes were common with some NEA cod remaining within the fjords year-round and some coastal cod displaying a low fjord fidelity. Fjord residency and exit timing also differed with spawning status and body size, with spawning cod and large individuals tagged during the feeding season more prone to leave the fjords and earlier than non-spawning and smaller individuals. While our results confirm a lower fjord dependency for NEA cod, they highlight a movement diversity within each ecotype and sympatric residency between ecotypes, previously undetected by population-level monitoring. This new knowledge is relevant for the management, which should base their fisheries advice for these interacting ecotypes on their habitat use and seasonal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Bøhn
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Karl Øystein Gjelland
- Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Esben Moland Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Niśkiewicz M, Szymański P, Budka M, Osiejuk TS. Response of forest Turtur doves to conspecific and congeneric songs in sympatry and allopatry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15948. [PMID: 37743404 PMCID: PMC10518307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds have a diverse acoustic communication system, and the ability to recognise their own species' song from a distance facilitates complex behaviours related to mate attraction and rival deterrence. However, certain species, including doves, do not learn songs and their vocal repertoires are much simpler than those of better-studied songbirds. In these so-called non-learning birds, relatively little is known about the role that bird song plays in intra- and interspecific interactions, and how such behaviours might be acquired (inherited or learned from experience). To investigate this question, we focused on two species of African wood doves whose long-range songs are used in a territorial context. Specifically, we examined the responses of sympatric and allopatric populations of male blue-headed wood-doves (Turtur brehmeri) and tambourine doves (Turtur tympanistria) to different types of simulated territorial intrusions, i.e. playback of conspecific, congeneric, and control songs. We aimed to assess (i) whether these species, which have similar songs, respond only to their own species' song or exhibit interspecific territoriality, and (ii) if the response pattern is affected by the presence or absence of congeners in the general area. We found that both species responded strongly to playback of their own species in both sympatric and allopatric populations. In allopatry, though, male tambourine doves misdirected their response and also approached the playback of congeneric songs. Our results indicate that, in areas where the studied Turtur doves live in sympatry, they do not exhibit consistent interspecific territoriality. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the smaller tambourine dove avoids its larger congener during the process of territory establishment. The difference in tambourine doves' response toward the song of present (sympatric) or absent (allopatric) congeners suggests that the ability to discriminate between songs of similarly singing potential competitors is acquired through earlier interactions and learning. This plasticity in response supports the misdirected aggression hypothesis, which argues that interspecific territorialism emerges as a maladaptive by-product of signal similarity. However, on an evolutionary timescale, such an ability could be considered an adaptive cognitive tool useful for resolving competing interests with congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Niśkiewicz
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Budka
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz S Osiejuk
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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30
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Puissant A, Chotard A, Condamine FL, Llaurens V. Convergence in sympatric swallowtail butterflies reveals ecological interactions as a key driver of worldwide trait diversification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303060120. [PMID: 37669385 PMCID: PMC10500277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological interactions can promote phenotypic diversification in sympatric species. While competition can enhance trait divergence, other ecological interactions may promote convergence in sympatric species. Within butterflies, evolutionary convergences in wing color patterns have been reported between distantly related species, especially in females of palatable species, where mimetic color patterns are promoted by predator communities shared with defended species living in sympatry. Wing color patterns are also often involved in species recognition in butterflies, and divergence in this trait has been reported in closely related species living in sympatry as a result of reproductive character displacement. Here, we investigate the effect of sympatry between species on the convergence vs. divergence of their wing color patterns in relation to phylogenetic distance, focusing on the iconic swallowtail butterflies (family Papilionidae). We developed an unsupervised machine learning-based method to estimate phenotypic distances among wing color patterns of 337 species, enabling us to finely quantify morphological diversity at the global scale among species and allowing us to compute pairwise phenotypic distances between sympatric and allopatric species pairs. We found phenotypic convergence in sympatry, stronger among distantly related species, while divergence was weaker and restricted to closely related males. The convergence was stronger among females than males, suggesting that differential selective pressures acting on the two sexes drove sexual dimorphism. Our results highlight the significant effect of ecological interactions driven by predation pressures on trait diversification in Papilionidae and provide evidence for the interaction between phylogenetic proximity and ecological interactions in sympatry, acting on macroevolutionary patterns of phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Puissant
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (UMR 7205 CNRS/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/Sorbonne Université/Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes/Université des Antilles), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle–CP50, Paris75005, France
| | - Ariane Chotard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (UMR 7205 CNRS/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/Sorbonne Université/Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes/Université des Antilles), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle–CP50, Paris75005, France
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Montpellier34095, France
| | - Violaine Llaurens
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (UMR 7205 CNRS/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/Sorbonne Université/Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes/Université des Antilles), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle–CP50, Paris75005, France
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Horta-Lacueva QJB, Jónsson ZO, Thorholludottir DAV, Hallgrímsson B, Kapralova KH. Rapid and biased evolution of canalization during adaptive divergence revealed by dominance in gene expression variability during Arctic charr early development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:897. [PMID: 37652977 PMCID: PMC10471602 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution may be influenced by canalization, the buffering of developmental processes from environmental and genetic perturbations, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here, we explore how gene expression variability evolves in diverging and hybridizing populations, by focusing on the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) of Thingvallavatn, a classic case of divergence between feeding habitats. We report distinct profiles of gene expression variance for both coding RNAs and microRNAs between the offspring of two contrasting morphs (benthic/limnetic) and their hybrids reared in common conditions and sampled at two key points of cranial development. Gene expression variance in the hybrids is substantially affected by maternal effects, and many genes show biased expression variance toward the limnetic morph. This suggests that canalization, as inferred by gene expression variance, can rapidly diverge in sympatry through multiple gene pathways, which are associated with dominance patterns possibly biasing evolutionary trajectories and mitigating the effects of hybridization on adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jean-Baptiste Horta-Lacueva
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Dagny A V Thorholludottir
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Population Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kalina Hristova Kapralova
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- The Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Hanly JJ, Francescutti CM, Loh LS, Corning OBWH, Long DJ, Nakatani MA, Porter AH, Martin A. Genetics of yellow-orange color variation in a pair of sympatric sulphur butterflies. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112820. [PMID: 37481719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous color polymorphisms can serve as a tractable model for the genetic and developmental architecture of traits. Here we investigated continuous color variation in Colias eurytheme and Colias philodice, two species of sulphur butterflies that hybridize in sympatry. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and high-throughput color quantification, we found two interacting large-effect loci affecting orange-to-yellow chromaticity. Knockouts of red Malpighian tubules (red), likely involved in endosomal maturation, result in depigmented wing scales. Additionally, the transcription factor bric-a-brac can act as a modulator of orange pigmentation. We also describe the QTL architecture of other continuously varying traits, together supporting a large-X effect model where the genetic control of species-defining traits is enriched on sex chromosomes. This study sheds light on the range of possible genetic architectures that can underpin a continuously varying trait and illustrates the power of using automated measurement to score phenotypes that are not always conspicuous to the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Hanly
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama.
| | | | - Ling S Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olaf B W H Corning
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Derek J Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marshall A Nakatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam H Porter
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Stephens TG, Strand EL, Putnam HM, Bhattacharya D. Ploidy Variation and Its Implications for Reproduction and Population Dynamics in Two Sympatric Hawaiian Coral Species. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad149. [PMID: 37566739 PMCID: PMC10445776 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Standing genetic variation is a major driver of fitness and resilience and therefore of fundamental importance for threatened species such as stony corals. We analyzed RNA-seq data generated from 132 Montipora capitata and 119 Pocillopora acuta coral colonies collected from Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Our goals were to determine the extent of colony genetic variation and to study reproductive strategies in these two sympatric species. Surprisingly, we found that 63% of the P. acuta colonies were triploid, with putative independent origins of the different triploid clades. These corals have spread primarily via asexual reproduction and are descended from a small number of genotypes, whose diploid ancestor invaded the bay. In contrast, all M. capitata colonies are diploid and outbreeding, with almost all colonies genetically distinct. Only two cases of asexual reproduction, likely via fragmentation, were identified in this species. We report two distinct strategies in sympatric coral species that inhabit the largest sheltered body of water in the main Hawaiian Islands. These data highlight divergence in reproductive behavior and genome biology, both of which contribute to coral resilience and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Emma L Strand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Toji T, Yamamoto T, Kondo H, Shinohara Y, Itino T. Sympatric co-existence of two ecotypes of Impatiens noli-tangere (Balsaminaceae) with different morphology and flowering phenology. J Plant Res 2023; 136:323-331. [PMID: 36809400 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, intraspecific variation of flowering phenology may affect reproductive isolation and, consequently, speciation. This study focused on Impatiens noli-tangere (Balsaminaceae), which is distributed over broad latitudinal and altitudinal ranges in Japan. We aimed to reveal the phenotypic mixture of two ecotypes of I. noli-tangere with different flowering phenology and morphological traits in a narrow contact zone. Previous studies have shown that I. noli-tangere has early- and late-flowering types. The early-flowering type makes buds in June and is distributed at high-elevation sites. The late-flowering type makes buds in July and is distributed at low-elevation sites. In this study, we analyzed the flowering phenology of individuals at an intermediate elevation site where the early- and late-flowering types grow in sympatry (contact zone). We found no individuals showing intermediate flowering phenology at the contact zone, and early- and late-flowering types were clearly distinguishable. We also found that the differences in many other phenotypic traits between the early- and late-flowering types were maintained, including the number of flowers produced (total number of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers), leaf morphology (aspect ratio, number of serrations), seed traits (aspect ratio), and flower bud formation positions on the plant. This study showed that these two flowering ecotypes maintain many different traits in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Toji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kondo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shinohara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Cheng J, Chen Q, Guo Q, Du Y. Moth sex pheromones affect interspecific competition among sympatric species and possibly population distribution by modulating pre-mating behavior. Insect Sci 2023; 30:501-516. [PMID: 35900899 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Premating behaviors mediated by pheromones play pivotal roles in animal mating choices. In natural populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in the rice field habitat, we discovered that Z11-16:Ald, a major component of the C. suppressalis pheromone, modulated the premating behavior of C. medinalis. Z11-16:Ald evoked a strong olfactory response in male antennae and strongly inhibited the sex pheromone trapping of male C. medinalis in the field. The functions of three C. medinalis sex pheromone receptor genes (CmedPR1-3) were verified through heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. CmedPR1 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z11-18:Ald, as well as the interspecific pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac of sympatric species; CmedPR2 responded to Z13-18:OH and Z13-18:Ald, as well as the sex pheromone compounds Z11-16:Ald and Z9-16:Ald of sympatric species; and CmedPR3 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z13-18:OH, as well as the interspecific pheromones Z11-16:OH, Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ald of sympatric species. Thus, CmedPR2 and CmedPR3 share the ligand Z11-16:Ald, which is not a component of the C. medinalis sex pheromone. Therefore, the sex pheromones of interspecific species affected the input of neural signals by stimulating the sex pheromone receptors on the antennae of male C. medinalis moths, thereby inhibiting the olfactory responses of the male moths to the sex pheromones. Our results demonstrate chemical communication among sympatric species in the rice field habitat, the recognition of intra- and interspecific sex pheromones by olfactory receptors, and how insect premating behaviors are modulated to possibly affect resource partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshuang Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Syme J, Kiszka JJ, Parra GJ. Habitat partitioning, co-occurrence patterns, and mixed-species group formation in sympatric delphinids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3599. [PMID: 36869065 PMCID: PMC9984456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous species have been reported to form mixed-species groups, however, little is known about the interplay between niche partitioning and mixed-species group formation. Furthermore, it is often unclear whether species come together by chance due to overlapping habitat preferences, by shared attraction to resources, or by attraction between them. We assessed habitat partitioning, co-occurrence patterns, and mixed-species group formation of sympatric Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around the North West Cape, Western Australia, with a joint species distribution model and temporal analyses of sighting data. Australian humpback dolphins preferred shallower and more nearshore waters than Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, yet these species co-occurred more often than expected by chance given shared responses to environmental variables. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins were sighted more often than Australian humpback dolphins during the afternoon, however, we did not find any temporal patterns in the occurrence of mixed-species groups. We propose that the positive association in the species' occurrence indicates the active formation of mixed-species groups. By evaluating habitat partitioning and co-occurrence patterns, this study provides direction for future work which should proceed to investigate the benefits that these species may gain from grouping with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Syme
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Guido J Parra
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ventura F, Stanworth A, Crofts S, Kuepfer A, Catry P. Local-scale impacts of extreme events drive demographic asynchrony in neighbouring top predator populations. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220408. [PMID: 36722144 PMCID: PMC9890319 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme weather events are among the most critical aspects of climate change, but our understanding of their impacts on biological populations remains limited. Here, we exploit the rare opportunity provided by the availability of concurrent longitudinal demographic data on two neighbouring marine top predator populations (the black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris, breeding in two nearby colonies) hit by an exceptionally violent storm during one study year. The aim of this study is to quantify the demographic impacts of extreme events on albatrosses and test the hypothesis that extreme events would synchronously decrease survival rates of neighbouring populations. Using demographic modelling we found that, contrary to our expectation, the storm affected the survival of albatrosses from only one of the two colonies, more than doubling the annual mortality rate compared to the study average. Furthermore, the effects of storms on adult survival would lead to substantial population declines (up to 2% per year) under simulated scenarios of increased storm frequencies. We, therefore, conclude that extreme events can result in very different local-scale impacts on sympatric populations. Crucially, by driving demographic asynchrony, extreme events can hamper our understanding of the demographic responses of wild populations to mean, long-term shifts in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ventura
- CESAM, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | | | - Sarah Crofts
- Falklands Conservation, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ Falkland Islands, UK
| | - Amanda Kuepfer
- SAERI—South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ Falkland Islands, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, Lisboa 1149-041, Portugal
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Cicala F, Cisterna-Céliz JA, Paolinelli M, Moore JD, Sevigny J, Rocha-Olivares A. The Role of Diversity in Mediating Microbiota Structural and Functional Differences in Two Sympatric Species of Abalone Under Stressed Withering Syndrome Conditions. Microb Ecol 2023; 85:277-287. [PMID: 35064808 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Withering syndrome (WS) is a gastro-intestinal (GI) infectious disease likely affecting all abalone species worldwide. Structural and functional changes in abalone GI microbiotas under WS-stressed conditions remain poorly investigated. It is unclear if interspecific microbiota differences, such as the presence of certain microbes, their abundance, and functional capabilities, may be involved in the occurrence of this disease. Bacterial microbiotas of healthy Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata are mainly composed by Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Spirochaetes. We previously reported species-specific structural and functional profiles of those communities and suggested that they are of consequence to the different susceptibility of each species to WS. Here, we address this question by comparing the structure and function of healthy and dysbiotic microbiota through 454 pyrosequencing and PICRUSt 2, respectively. Our findings suggest that the extent to which WS-stressed conditions may explain structural and functional differences in GI microbiota is contingent on the microbiota diversity itself. Indeed, microbiota differences between stressed and healthy abalone were marginal in the more complex bacterial communities of H. corrugata, in which no significant structural or functional changes were detected. Conversely, significant structural changes were observed in the less complex bacterial microbiota of H. fulgens. Moreover, structural alterations led to a significant downregulation of some metabolic activities conducted by GI bacteria. Accordingly, results suggest that gastro-intestinal bacterial diversity appears to be related with both the health of abalone and the etiology of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicala
- Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada km 3918, 22860, Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, CICESE, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada km 3918, 22860, Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico
| | | | - Marcos Paolinelli
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martin 3853, Luján de Cuyo, 5507, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - James D Moore
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, P.O. Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares
- Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada km 3918, 22860, Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico.
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Cox TL, Lance MJ, Albertson LK, Briggs MA, Dutton AJ, Zale AV. Diet composition and resource overlap of sympatric native and introduced salmonids across neighboring streams during a peak discharge event. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280833. [PMID: 36693054 PMCID: PMC9873158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Species assemblages composed of non-native and native fishes are found in freshwater systems throughout the world, and interactions such as interspecific competition that may negatively affect native species are expected when non-native species are present. In the Smith River watershed, Montana, rainbow trout were introduced by 1930. Native mountain whitefish and non-native rainbow trout have presumably occurred in sympatry since the introduction of rainbow trout; however, knowledge about how these two species compete with one another for food resources is sparse. We quantified diet compositions of rainbow trout and mountain whitefish in the mainstem Smith River and in a tributary to the Smith River-Sheep Creek-to determine the degree of overlap in the diets of mountain whitefish and rainbow trout in the Smith River and between the mainstem Smith River and a tributary stream. Rainbow trout and mountain whitefish had generalist feeding strategies, which probably contribute to the amicable coexistence of these species. Diet overlap between rainbow trout and mountain whitefish was high (Pianka's index value = 0.85) in the Smith River and moderate in Sheep Creek (Pianka's index value = 0.57). Despite overlap in diets, some resource partitioning may alleviate resource competition (e.g., rainbow trout consumed far more Oligochaeta than mountain whitefish but fewer Brachycentridae and Chironomidae). Diet composition of rainbow trout and mountain whitefish did not differ greatly between the Smith River and Sheep Creek. Prey categories most commonly used by mountain whitefish at the population and individual levels (i.e., Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera) are sensitive taxa and many species within these orders have experienced extinctions and population declines. Therefore, future changes in resource availability or competition could be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner L. Cox
- Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael J. Lance
- Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Lindsey K. Albertson
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Briggs
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Adeline J. Dutton
- Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Alexander V. Zale
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
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Sakarchi J, Germain RM. The Evolution of Competitive Ability. Am Nat 2023; 201:1-15. [PMID: 36524935 DOI: 10.1086/722234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCompetition drives evolutionary change across taxa, but our understanding of how competitive differences among species directs the evolution of interspecific interactions remains incomplete. Verbal models assume that interspecific competition will select for reducing a species' sensitivity to competition with their opponent; however, they do not consider the potential for other demographic components of competitive ability to evolve, specifically, interspecific effects, intraspecific interactions, and intrinsic growth rates. To better understand how competitive ability evolves, we set out to explore how each component has evolved and whether their evolution has been constrained by trade-offs. By setting sympatric and allopatric populations of an annual grass in competition with a dominant invader, we demonstrate (1) that in response to interspecific competition, populations can evolve increased competitive ability through either reduced interspecific or, surprisingly, reduced intraspecific competition; (2) that trade-offs do not always constrain the evolution of competitive ability but rather that parameters may correlate in ways that mutually beget higher competitive ability; and (3) that the evolution of one species can influence the competitive ability of its opponent, a consequence of how competitive ability is defined ecologically. Overall, our results reveal the complexity with which demographic components evolve in response to interspecific competition and the impact past evolution can have on present-day interactions.
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Chelotti LDD, Gadig OBF. Comparative trophic ecology of two sympatric guitarfishes Pseudobatos (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae) from Southeast Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:248-257. [PMID: 36273252 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares the trophic ecology of two guitarfishes (Pseudobatos percellens and Pseudobatos horkelii) from the continental shelf of the São Paulo State, Brazil, caught by the bottom pair trawls between 2007 and 2009. These two sympatric species are under different threat categories, "Vulnerable" and "Critically Endangered," respectively, according to Brazilian agencies. Thus, any study considering trophic ecology parameters is pivotal in understanding the trophic ecology role of such species in the ecosystem. The authors analysed 500 stomachs of P. percellens and 108 of P. horkelii, quantifying with dietary indexes: numerical (%N), gravimetric (%W), frequency of occurrence (%FO) and the prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI). For P. percellens and P. horkelii, 26 and 14 different prey items were found, respectively. Crustacea and Teleostei were the most important prey items for both species, indicating a specialist feeding behaviour due to their low niche amplitude. The results provide evidence related to ontogenetic dietary shift in P. percellens and individual-level diet specialization in both species. These two benthic-demersal elasmobranchs are important mesopredators (3,7 for P. percellens, and 3,5 for P. horkelii) in the study area, with high trophic-level values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza de David Chelotti
- UNESP - Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, Brazil
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Dezeure J, Burtschell L, Baniel A, Carter AJ, Godelle B, Cowlishaw G, Huchard E. Evolutionary Determinants of Nonseasonal Breeding in Wild Chacma Baboons. Am Nat 2023; 201:106-124. [PMID: 36524939 DOI: 10.1086/722082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal reproductive phenology varies from strongly seasonal to nonseasonal, sometimes among closely related or sympatric species. While the extent of reproductive seasonality is often attributed to environmental seasonality, this fails to explain many cases of nonseasonal breeding in seasonal environments. We investigated the evolutionary determinants of nonseasonal breeding in a wild primate, the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), living in a seasonal environment with high climatic unpredictability. We tested three hypotheses proposing that nonseasonal breeding has evolved in response to (1) climatic unpredictability, (2) reproductive competition between females favoring birth asynchrony, and (3) individual, rank-dependent variations in optimal reproductive timing. We found strong support for an effect of reproductive asynchrony modulated by rank: (i) birth synchrony is costly to subordinate females, lengthening their interbirth intervals; (ii) females alter their reproductive timings (fertility periods and conceptions) in relation to previous conceptions in the group; and (iii) the reported effect of birth synchrony on interbirth intervals weakens the intensity of reproductive seasonality at the population level. This study emphasizes the importance of sociality in mediating the evolution of reproductive phenology in group-living organisms, a result of broad significance for understanding key demographic parameters driving population responses to increasing climatic fluctuations.
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Bunker ME, Weiss SL. Cloacal microbiomes of sympatric and allopatric Sceloporus lizards vary with environment and host relatedness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279288. [PMID: 36548265 PMCID: PMC9779040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals and their microbiomes exert reciprocal influence; the host's environment, physiology, and phylogeny can impact the composition of the microbiome, while the microbes present can affect host behavior, health, and fitness. While some microbiomes are highly malleable, specialized microbiomes that provide important functions can be more robust to environmental perturbations. Recent evidence suggests Sceloporus virgatus has one such specialized microbiome, which functions to protect eggs from fungal pathogens during incubation. Here, we examine the cloacal microbiome of three different Sceloporus species (spiny lizards; Family Phrynosomatidae)-Sceloporus virgatus, Sceloporus jarrovii, and Sceloporus occidentalis. We compare two species with different reproductive modes (oviparous vs. viviparous) living in sympatry: S. virgatus and S. jarrovii. We compare sister species living in similar habitats (riparian oak-pine woodlands) but different latitudes: S. virgatus and S. occidentalis. And, we compare three populations of one species (S. occidentalis) living in different habitat types: beach, low elevation forest, and the riparian woodland. We found differences in beta diversity metrics between all three comparisons, although those differences were more extreme between animals in different environments, even though those populations were more closely related. Similarly, alpha diversity varied among the S. occidentalis populations and between S. occidentalis and S. virgatus, but not between sympatric S. virgatus and S. jarrovii. Despite these differences, all three species and all three populations of S. occcidentalis had the same dominant taxon, Enterobacteriaceae. The majority of the variation between groups was in low abundance taxa and at the ASV level; these taxa are responsive to habitat differences, geographic distance, and host relatedness. Uncovering what factors influence the composition of wild microbiomes is important to understanding the ecology and evolution of the host animals, and can lead to more detailed exploration of the function of particular microbes and the community as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E. Bunker
- University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
| | - Stacey L. Weiss
- University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Matsushige K, Yasutake Y, Mochioka N. Contrasting riverine distribution and habitat use of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, and the giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, in a sympatric river. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:1617-1622. [PMID: 36161466 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrofishing and visual observations revealed contrasting riverine distribution and habitat use of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, and the giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, in a relatively gentle-slope river of Southern Kyushu, Japan. A. japonica was distributed in the lower and upper reaches. A. marmorata inhabited the middle reaches with relatively fast water velocity, heterogeneous water depth, coarse substrata and no adjacent paddy fields. This may have important conservation implications because a decrease in environmental diversity and/or river connectivity could result in the disappearance of A. marmorata habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiya Yasutake
- Laboratory of Fisheries Biology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mandeville EG, Hall RO, Buerkle CA. Ecological outcomes of hybridization vary extensively in Catostomus fishes. Evolution 2022; 76:2697-2711. [PMID: 36097356 PMCID: PMC9801484 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization outcomes vary geographically and can depend on the environment. Hybridization can also reshape biotic interactions, leading to ecological shifts. If hybrids function differently ecologically in ways that enhance or reduce fitness, and those ecological roles vary geographically, ecological factors might explain variation in hybridization outcomes. However, relatively few studies have focused on ecological traits of hybrids. We compared the feeding ecology of Catostomus fish species and hybrids by using stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) as a proxy for diet and habitat use, and compared two native species, an introduced species, and three interspecific hybrid crosses. We included hybrids and parental species from seven rivers where hybridization outcomes vary. Relative isotopic niches of native species varied geographically, but native species did not fully overlap in isotopic space in any river sampled, suggesting little overlap of resource use between historically sympatric species. The introduced species overlapped with one or both native species in every river, suggesting similar resource use and potential competition. Hybrids occupied intermediate, matching, or more transgressive isotopic niches, and varied within and among rivers. Ecological outcomes of hybridization varied across locations, implying that hybridization might have unpredictable, idiosyncratic ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Mandeville
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
| | - Robert O. Hall
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana USA (present address)
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
| | - C. Alex Buerkle
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming USA
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Du FK, Qi M, Zhang YY, Petit RJ. Asymmetric character displacement in mixed oak stands. New Phytol 2022; 236:1212-1224. [PMID: 35706383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological character displacement (ECD) refers to a pattern of increased divergence at sites where species ranges overlap caused by competition for resources. Although ECD is believed to be common, there are few in-depth studies that clearly establish its existence, especially in plants. Thus, we have compared leaf traits in allopatric and sympatric populations of two East Asian deciduous oaks: Quercus dentata and Quercus aliena. In contrast to previous studies, we define sympatry and allopatry at a local scale, thereby comparing populations that can or cannot directly interact. Using genetic markers, we found greater genetic divergence between the two oak species growing in mixed stands and inferred that long-term gene flow has predominantly occurred asymmetrically from the cold-tolerant species (Q. dentata) to the warm-demanding later colonizing species (Q. aliena). Analysis of leaf traits revealed greater divergence in mixed than in pure oak stands. This was mostly due to the later colonizing species being characterized by more resource-conservative traits in the presence of the other species. Controlling for relevant environmental differences did not alter these conclusions. These results suggest that asymmetric trait divergence can take place where species coexist, possibly due to the imbalance in demographic history of species resulting in asymmetric inter-specific selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang K Du
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Qi
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Rémy J Petit
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
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Fu P, Favre A, Wang R, Huang Y, Sun S. Between allopatry and secondary contact: differentiation and hybridization among three sympatric Gentiana species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:504. [PMID: 36307765 PMCID: PMC9615307 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mountains of the world host a significant portion of all terrestrial biodiversity, and the region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) stands as one of the most remarkable mountain regions on Earth. Because many explosive radiations occurred there, the QTP is a natural laboratory which is ideal to investigate patterns and processes linked to speciation and diversification. Indeed, understanding how closely related and sympatric species diverged is vital to explore drivers fostering speciation, a topic only rarely investigated in the QTP. By combining genomic and environmental data, we explored the speciation process among three closely related and sympatric species, Gentiana hexaphylla, G. lawrencei and G. veitchiorum in the QTP region. RESULTS Combining genome sizes and cytological data, our results showed that G. hexaphylla and G. veitchiorum are diploid, whereas G. lawrencei is tetraploid. Genetic clustering and phylogenetic reconstruction based on genomic SNPs indicated a clear divergence among the three species. Bayesian clustering, migrant, and D-statistic analyses all showed an obvious signature of hybridization among the three species, in particular between G. lawrencei and both G. hexaphylla and G. veitchiorum in almost all populations. Environmental variables related to precipitation and particularly temperature showed significant differences among the three gentians, and in fact a redundancy analysis confirmed that temperature and precipitation were the major climatic factors explaining the genetic differentiation among the three species. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that ancient hybridization, polyploidization, geological isolation and the evolution of different climatic preferences were all likely to be involved in the divergence of the three Gentiana species, as may be the case for many other taxa in the QTP region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Fu
- School of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, 6 Jiqing Road, 471934, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Adrien Favre
- Regional nature park of the Trient Valley, La Place 24, 1922, Salvan, Switzerland
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, 6 Jiqing Road, 471934, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Yizhuo Huang
- School of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, 6 Jiqing Road, 471934, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, 6 Jiqing Road, 471934, Luoyang, P. R. China.
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Jaya FR, Tanner JC, Whitehead MR, Doughty P, Keogh JS, Moritz CC, Catullo RA. Population genomics and sexual signals support reproductive character displacement in Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in a contact zone. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4527-4543. [PMID: 35780470 PMCID: PMC9542136 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When closely related species come into contact via range expansion, both may experience reduced fitness as a result of the interaction. Selection is expected to favour traits that minimize costly interspecies reproductive interactions (such as mismating) via a phenomenon called reproductive character displacement (RCD). Research on RCD frequently assumes secondary contact between species, but the geographical history of species interactions is often unknown. Population genomic data permit tests of geographical hypotheses about species origins and secondary contact through range expansion. We used population genomic data from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial sequence data, advertisement call data and morphological data to investigate a species complex of toadlets (Uperoleia borealis, U. crassa, U. inundata) from northern Australia. Although the three species of frogs were morphologically indistinguishable in our analysis, we determined that U. crassa and U. inundata form a single species (synonymized here) based on an absence of genomic divergence. SNP data identified the phylogeographical origin of U. crassa as the Top End, with subsequent westward invasion into the range of U. borealis in the Kimberley. We identified six F1 hybrids, all of which had the U. borealis mitochondrial haplotype, suggesting unidirectional hybridization. Consistent with the RCD hypothesis, U. borealis and U. crassa sexual signals differ more in sympatry than in allopatry. Hybrid males have intermediate calls, which probably reduces attractiveness to females. Integrating population genomic data, mitochondrial sequencing, morphology and behavioural approaches provides an unusually detailed collection of evidence for reproductive character displacement following range expansion and secondary contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R. Jaya
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jessie C. Tanner
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Paul Doughty
- Western Australian MuseumPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Ecology & Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Craig C. Moritz
- Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Ecology & Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Renee A. Catullo
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Ecology & Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Almeida SC, Neiva J, Sousa F, Martins N, Cox CJ, Melo-Ferreira J, Guiry MD, Serrão EA, Pearson GA. A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4797-4817. [PMID: 35869812 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Geologically recent radiations can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome-wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus Fucus in the south-eastern North Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate-driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion-contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating-system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) F. vesiculosus led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single-copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of F. vesiculosus. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, Fucus macroguiryi sp. nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism-aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in F. vesiculosus resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support (1) peripheral isolation of the southern F. vesiculosus clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages-a "low-latitude species pump". (2) Directional introgressive gene flow into F. vesiculosus around the present-day secondary contact zone (sympatric-allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. (3) Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are probably maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C Almeida
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Neiva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipe Sousa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Neusa Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cymon J Cox
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - José Melo-Ferreira
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Michael D Guiry
- AlgaeBase, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ester A Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gareth A Pearson
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Giraldo‐Kalil LJ, Campo J, Paz H, Núñez‐Farfán J. Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species of Damburneya in a tropical rainforest. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1394-1409. [PMID: 36031775 PMCID: PMC9826457 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Although ecological differentiation driven by altitude and soil is hypothesized to promote coexistence of sympatric tree species of Damburneya (Lauraceae), the mechanistic role of leaf functional variation on ecological differentiation among co-occurring species remains unexplored. We aimed to determine whether the patterns of leaf trait variation reflect ecological differences among sympatric Damburneya species. We tested whether trait correlations underlying functional strategies and average species traits vary in response to local soil heterogeneity along an altitudinal gradient, potentially affecting species distributions. METHODS At two contrasting altitudes (100, 1100 m a.s.l.) in a Mexican tropical rainforest, we characterized soil chemical and physical properties and sampled four Damburneya species to quantify five leaf functional traits. We used linear models to analyze paired and multivariate trait correlations, spatial and interspecific effects on trait variation, and trait response to local soil heterogeneity. Relative contributions of intra- and interspecific variation to local trait variability were quantified with an ANOVA. RESULTS Soil nutrient availability was higher at low altitude, but all species had a high leaf N:P ratio across altitudes suggesting a limited P supply for plants. Species distribution differed altitudinally, with some species constrained to low or high altitude, potentially reflecting soil nutrient availability. Leaf traits responded to altitude and local soil properties, suggesting interspecific differences in functional strategies according to the leaf economics spectrum (conservative vs. acquisitive). CONCLUSIONS The interspecific divergence in functional strategies in response to local environmental conditions suggests that trait variation could underlie ecological differentiation among Damburneya sympatric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Giraldo‐Kalil
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Julio Campo
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMéxico
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
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