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Gerussi T, Graïc JM, Cozzi B, Schlaffke L, Güntürkün O, Behroozi M. Constrained spherical deconvolution on diffusion-weighted images of dolphin brains. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 108:104-110. [PMID: 38336113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Invasive neuronal tract-tracing is not permitted in very large or endangered animals. This is especially the case in marine mammals like dolphins. Diffusion-weighted imaging of fiber tracts could be an alternative if feasible even in brains that have been fixed in formalin for a long time. This currently is a problem, especially for detecting crossing fibers. We applied a state-of-the-art algorithm of Diffusion-weighted imaging called Constrained Spherical Deconvolution on diffusion data of three fixed brains of bottlenose dolphins using clinical human MRI parameters and were able to identify complex fiber patterns within a voxel. Our findings indicate that in order to maintain the structural integrity of the tissue, short-term post-mortem fixation is necessary. Furthermore, pre-processing steps are essential to remove the classical Diffusion-weighted imaging artifacts from images: however, the algorithm is still able to resolve fiber tracking in regions with various signal intensities. The described imaging technique reveals complex fiber patterns in cetacean brains that have been preserved in formalin for extended periods of time and thus opens a new window into our understanding of cetacean neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gerussi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Jean-Marie Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lara Schlaffke
- Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehdi Behroozi
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Brião JA, Vannuci-Silva M, Santos-Neto EB, Manhães BMR, Oliveira-Ferreira N, Machado L, Vidal LG, Guari EB, Flach L, Bisi TL, Azevedo AF, Lailson-Brito J. Back on top: Resuspended by dredging and other environmental disturbances, organochlorine compounds may affect the health of a dolphin population in a tropical estuary, Sepetiba Bay. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123788. [PMID: 38508370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OCs) are persistent organic pollutants linked to damaging the immune and endocrine systems, leading to a greater susceptibility to infectious diseases at high concentrations. Sepetiba Bay, in the Southeastern Brazilian coast, historically presents anthropogenic activities and environmental contamination that could negatively impact resident populations. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the temporal trends in the accumulation of organochlorine compounds over a 12-year database in the Guiana dolphins' (Sotalia guianensis) resident population from Sepetiba Bay, including individuals collected before, during, and after an unusual mortality event triggered by morbillivirus (n = 85). The influence of biological parameters was also evaluated. The OCs concentrations in the blubber ranged from 0.98 to 739 μg/g of ΣPCB; 0.08-130 μg/g of ΣDDT; <0.002-4.56 μg/g of mirex; <0.002-1.84 μg/g of ΣHCH and <0.001-0.16 μg/g of HCB in lipid weight. Increased temporal trends were found for OCs in Guiana dolphins coinciding with periods of large events of dredging in the region. In this way, our findings suggest that the constant high OCs concentrations throughout the years in this Guiana dolphin population are a result of the constant environmental disturbance in the area, such as dredging. These elevated OCs levels, e.g., ΣPCB concentrations found above the known thresholds, may impair the response of the immune system during outbreak periods, which could lead the population to a progressive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Brião
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - sala 4018/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Vannuci-Silva
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - sala 4018/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - E B Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B M R Manhães
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - N Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L Machado
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L G Vidal
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E B Guari
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L Flach
- Instituto Boto Cinza, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Av. do Canal, 141, Brasilinha, CEP 23860-000, Itacuruçá, Mangaratiba, RJ, Brazil
| | - T L Bisi
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - sala 4018/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - A F Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - sala 4018/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores ''Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel'' (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - sala 4018/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
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3
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Chan SCY, Karczmarski L. Broad-scale impacts of coastal mega-infrastructure project on obligatory inshore delphinids: A cautionary tale from Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:169753. [PMID: 38181953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Inshore marine habitats experience considerable anthropogenic pressure, as this is where many adverse effects of human activities concentrate. In the rapidly-changing seascape of the Anthropocene, Hong Kong waters at the heart of world's fastest developing coastal region can serve as a preview-window into coastal seas of the future, with ever-growing anthropogenic footprint. Here, we quantify how large-scale coastal infrastructure projects can affect obligatory inshore cetaceans, bringing about population-level consequences that may compromise their long-term demographic viability. As a case in point, we look at the construction of world's longest sea crossing system and broad-scale demographic, social and spatial responses it has caused in a shallow-water delphinid, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). Soon after the infrastructure project began, dolphins markedly altered their home range near construction sites such that these waters no longer functioned as dolphin core areas despite the apparent presence of prey, indicating that anthropogenic impacts outweighed foraging benefits. The contraction of key habitats has in turn led individuals to interact over spatially more constricted area, reshaping their group dynamics and social network. Although there was no apparent decline in dolphin numbers that could be detected with mark-recapture estimates, adult survival rates decreased drastically from 0.960 to 0.904, the lowest estimate for these animals anywhere across the region to date, notably below the previously estimated demographic threshold of their long-term persistence (0.955). It is apparent that during an advanced stage of this coastal infrastructure project, dolphins were under a major anthropogenic pressure that, if sustained, could be detrimental to their long-term persistence as a viable demographic unit. As effective conservation of species and habitats depends on informed management decisions, this study offers a valuable lesson in environmental risk assessment, underscoring the implications of human-induced rapid environmental change on obligatory inshore delphinids-sentinels of coastal habitats that are increasingly degraded in fast-changing coastal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Y Chan
- Division of Cetacean Ecology, Cetacea Research Institute, Lantau, Hong Kong.
| | - Leszek Karczmarski
- Division of Cetacean Ecology, Cetacea Research Institute, Lantau, Hong Kong.
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4
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Liu F, Xie Q, Sun X, Xie Y, Xie Z, Wu J, Wu Y, Zhang X. Organohalogen contaminants threaten the survival of indo-pacific humpback dolphin calves in their largest habitat. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133720. [PMID: 38335606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
As long-lived apex predators, marine mammal adults often accumulate alarmingly levels of environmental contaminants. Nevertheless, the accumulation and risks of these contaminants in the critical calf stage of marine mammals remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the exposure status and health risks of 74 organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin calves (Sousa chinensis) collected from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China, during 2005-2019. Our findings revealed moderate levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), medium-high levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and the highest levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) compared to those reported for cetaceans elsewhere. Traditional OHCs like DDTs, PCBs, and PBDEs did not exhibit significant decreasing trends in the dolphin calves despite global restrictions on these compounds, and AHFRs as emerging OHCs showed an increasing trend over the study period. Risk quotients of DDTs, HCHs, PBDEs, and PCBs in most of the dolphin samples were > 1, indicating that humpback dolphin calves may have suffered long-term threats from OHC exposure. The significant correlation observed between the traditional OHC levels and the stranding death number of the dolphin calves suggests these OHCs may impact the survival of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhenhui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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5
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Temple AJ, Langner U, Berumen ML. Management and research efforts are failing dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7077. [PMID: 38528092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being subject to intensive research and public interest many populations of dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales (small cetaceans) continue to decline, and several species are on the verge of extinction. We examine small cetacean status, human activities driving extinction risk, and whether research efforts are addressing priority threats. We estimate that 22% of small cetaceans are threatened with extinction, with little signs of improvement in nearly thirty years. Fisheries and coastal habitat degradation are the main predictors of extinction risk. Contrary to popular belief, we show that the causal impact of small-scale fisheries on extinction risk is greater than from large-scale fisheries. Fisheries management strength had little influence on extinction risk, suggesting that the implementation of existing measures have been largely ineffective. Alarmingly, we find research efforts for priority threats to be vastly underrepresented and so a major shift in research focus is required. Small cetaceans are among the lower hanging fruits of marine conservation; continued failure to halt their decline bodes poorly for tackling marine biodiversity loss and avoiding an Anthropocene mass extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Temple
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ute Langner
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Benites-Palomino A, Aguirre-Fernández G, Baby P, Ochoa D, Altamirano A, Flynn JJ, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Tejada JV, de Muizon C, Salas-Gismondi R. The largest freshwater odontocete: A South Asian river dolphin relative from the proto-Amazonia. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk6320. [PMID: 38507490 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Several dolphin lineages have independently invaded freshwater systems. Among these, the evolution of the South Asian river dolphin Platanista and its relatives (Platanistidae) remains virtually unknown as fossils are scarce. Here, we describe Pebanista yacuruna gen. et sp. nov., a dolphin from the Miocene proto-Amazonia of Peru, recovered in phylogenies as the closest relative of Platanista. Morphological characters such as an elongated rostrum and large supraorbital crests, along with ecological interpretations, indicate that this odontocete was fully adapted to fresh waters. Pebanista constitutes the largest freshwater odontocete known, with an estimated body length of 3 meters, highlighting the ample resource availability and biotic diversity in the region, during the Early to Middle Miocene. The finding of Pebanista in proto-Amazonian layers attests that platanistids ventured into freshwater ecosystems not only in South Asia but also in South America, before the modern Amazon River dolphin, during a crucial moment for the Amazonian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Benites-Palomino
- Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | | | - Patrice Baby
- Geosciences-Environnements Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UPS (SVT-OMP), CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Diana Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingienerías/Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departmento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Ali Altamirano
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | - John J Flynn
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Graduate Programs in Biology and Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Julia V Tejada
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christian de Muizon
- Departement Origines et Evolution, CR2P UMR 7207, (MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne-Université), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, rue Cuvier 57, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingienerías/Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
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Barkaszi MJ, Kelly CJ. Analysis of protected species observer data: Strengths, weaknesses, and application in the assessment of marine mammal responses to seismic surveys in the northern Gulf of Mexico 2002-2015. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300658. [PMID: 38512955 PMCID: PMC10956755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual observation data collected by protected species observers (PSOs) is required per regulations stipulated in Notices to Lessees (NTLs) and geophysical survey Permits (Form BOEM-0328) issued to seismic operators in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Here, data collected by certified and trained PSOs during seismic surveys conducted between 2002-2015 were compiled and analyzed to assess utility in assessing marine mammal responses to seismic noise and effectiveness of required mitigation measures. A total of 3,886 agency-required bi-weekly PSO Effort and Sightings reports were analyzed comprising 598,319 hours of PSO visual effort and 15,117 visual sighting records of marine mammals. The observed closest point of approach (CPA) distance was statistically compared across five species groupings for four airgun activity levels (full, minimum source, ramp up, silent). Whale and dolphin detections were significantly farther from airgun array locations during full power operations versus silence, indicating some avoidance response to full-power operations. Dolphin CPA distances were also significantly farther from airguns operating at minimum source than silence. Blackfish were observed significantly farther from the airgun array during ramp up versus both full and minimum source activities. Blackfish were observed significantly closer to the airgun array during silent activities versus at full, minimum source, and ramp up activities. Beaked whales had the largest mean CPA for detection distance compared to all other species groups. Detection distances for beaked whales were not significantly differences between full and silent operations; however, the sample size was very low. Overall results are consistent with other studies indicating that marine mammals may avoid exposure to airgun sounds based on observed distance from the seismic source during specified source activities. There was geographic variability in sighting rates associated with specific areas of interest within the GOM. This study demonstrates that agency required PSO reports provide a robust and useful data set applicable to impact assessments; management, policy and regulatory decision making; and qualitative input for regional scientific, stock assessment and abundance studies. However, several improvements in content and consistency would facilitate finer-scale analysis of some topics (e.g., effort associated with specific activities, observer biases, sound field estimation) and support statistical comparisons that could provide further insight into marine mammal responses and mitigation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Barkaszi
- CSA Ocean Sciences Inc., Okeechobee, FL, United States of America
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8
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Serres A, Lin W, Liu B, Chen S, Li S. Skinny dolphins: Can poor body condition explain population decline in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis)? Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170401. [PMID: 38280614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (IPHDs) who form resident populations along the Chinese coastline are facing a wide range of anthropogenic disturbances including intense fishing and some populations have been shown to experience a severe decline. Body condition is thought to be a good indicator of health since it is linked to survival and reproductive success. In order to better understand population trends, we investigated whether the body condition of IPHDs is poorer in populations whose status is alarming than in other populations. UAV flights were conducted from 2022 to 2023 in four locations (i.e., Sanniang Bay, Leizhou Bay, Jiangmen, and Lingding Bay) in the northern South China Sea. Body ratios were calculated using the body length and widths of IPHDs and were used to analyze differences among seasons, locations, and demographic parameters. A PCA was then used to obtain a detailed picture of the body condition composition of dolphins at each location. Results showed that dolphins from Leizhou Bay and Jiangmen were in better body condition than those from Sanniang Bay and Lingding Bay. Since populations inhabiting Sanniang Bay and Lingding Bay have been shown to experience a sharp decline, it can be hypothesized that poor body condition may have played a role in such a trend. Further investigations of the factors impacting IPHDs' body condition are needed, including monitoring of prey density, contaminant concentration, stress levels, and impacts of human activities on dolphins' behavior. In addition, the creation of a robust scoring method would allow for regular monitoring of IPHDs' body condition to inform conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Serres
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Wenzhi Lin
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Binshuai Liu
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shenglan Chen
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songhai Li
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China; The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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9
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Troiano LP, Dos Santos HB, Aureliano T, Ghilardi AM. A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6528. [PMID: 38499621 PMCID: PMC10948842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Serrote do Letreiro Site, found on the northwest periphery of the Sousa Basin, Brazil, presents a remarkable convergence of paleontological and archaeological elements. It is constituted of sub-horizontal "lajeiros", or rock outcrops, intermingled with endemic Caatinga vegetation. The three prominent outcrops feature fossilized footprints of theropod, sauropod, and iguanodontian dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Period. Adjacent to these dinosaur tracks, indigenous petroglyphs adorn the surface. The petroglyphs, mainly characterized by circular motifs, maintain a striking resemblance to other petroglyphs found in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. This study primarily endeavors to delineate the site's major characteristics while concentrating on the relationship between the dinosaur footprints and the petroglyphs. It concurrently assesses the preservation status of this invaluable record, shedding light on its implications for the realms of paleontology, archaeology, and cultural heritage studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo P Troiano
- The National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute, Brasília, DF, 70390-135, Brazil.
| | - Heloísa B Dos Santos
- Institute of Cariri Archaeology Dr. Rosiane Limaverde, Casa Grande Foundation, Nova Olinda, CE, 63165-000, Brazil
| | - Tito Aureliano
- Department of Zoology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, 63105-000, Brazil
- Diversity, Ichnology and Osteohistology Laboratory (DINOLab), Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, 59075-000, Brazil
| | - Aline M Ghilardi
- Diversity, Ichnology and Osteohistology Laboratory (DINOLab), Department of Geology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, 59075-000, Brazil
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10
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Lu Y, Xu XR, Chen BY, Jefferson TA, Fearnbach H, Yang G. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the social structure of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins ( Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen waters from 2007 to 2019. Zool Res 2024; 45:439-450. [PMID: 38485511 PMCID: PMC11017072 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
As highly social animals, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins ( Sousa chinensis) exhibit community differentiation. Nevertheless, our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics, as well as their spatiotemporal variations, is still limited. In the present study, variations in the social structure of an endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in Xiamen Bay, China, were monitored over two distinct periods (2007-2010 and 2017-2019) to analyze the effects of habitat utilization and the composition of individuals within the population. In both periods, the population demonstrated a strikingly similar pattern of social differentiation, characterized by the division of individuals into two main clusters and one small cluster. Spatially, the two primary clusters occupied the eastern and western waters, respectively, although the core distribution area of the eastern cluster shifted further eastward between the two periods. Despite this distribution shift, the temporal stability of the social structure and inter-associations within the eastern cluster remained unaffected. A subset of 16 individuals observed in both periods, comprising 51.6% and 43.2% of the population in each respective period, emerged as a foundational element of the social structure and may be responsible for sustaining social structure stability, especially during the 2007-2010 period. These observations suggest that the composition of dominant individuals, an internal factor, had a more substantial influence on the formation of the social network than changes in habitat use, an external factor. Consequently, the study proposes distinct conservation measures tailored to each of the two main clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin-Rong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bing-Yao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China. E-mail:
| | | | - Holly Fearnbach
- Marine Mammal Research, SR3, SeaLife Response, Rehabilitation and Research, WA 98275, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China. E-mail:
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11
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Xie Z, Zhang X, Xie Y, Liu F, Sun B, Liu W, Wu J, Wu Y. Bioaccumulation and Potential Endocrine Disruption Risk of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphate Esters in Cetaceans from the Northern South China Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4368-4380. [PMID: 38386007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing health risks shown by the continuous detection of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in biota in recent years, information on the occurrence and potential risks of OPEs in marine mammals remains limited. This study conducted the first investigation into the body burdens and potential risks of 10 traditional OPEs (tOPEs) and five emerging OPEs (eOPEs) in 10 cetacean species (n = 84) from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2005-2021. All OPEs, except for 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), were detected in these cetaceans, indicating their widespread occurrence in the NSCS. Although the levels of the ∑10tOPEs in humpback dolphins remained stable from 2005 to 2021, the concentrations of the ∑5eOPEs showed a significant increase, suggesting a growing demand for these new-generation OPEs in South China. Dolphins in proximity to urban regions generally exhibited higher OPE concentrations than those from rural areas, mirroring the environmental trends of OPEs occurring in this area. All OPE congeners, except for EHDPHP, in humpback dolphins exhibited a maternal transfer ratio >1, indicating that the dolphin placenta may not be an efficient barrier for OPEs. The observed significant correlations between levels of OPEs and hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and testosterone) in humpback dolphins indicated that OPE exposures might have endocrine disruption effects on the dolphin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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12
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Cosentino M, Marcolin C, Griffiths ET, Sánchez-Camí E, Tougaard J. Dolphin and porpoise detections by the F-POD are not independent: Implications for sympatric species monitoring. JASA Express Lett 2024; 4:031202. [PMID: 38467471 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The F-POD is designed for passive acoustic monitoring of odontocetes. The offline classifiers can identify and separate porpoise-like sounds from dolphin-like sounds. We show that these two classifiers are not working independently. Run together, virtually no detections of both species were reported within the same minute, whereas 10% of the detection positive minutes were reported positive for both species when the two classifiers were run sequentially. This has important implications for interpretation of data in areas containing both species groups, and we call for reporting all analysis details in such studies and for further description and analysis of the classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Cosentino
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, , , , ,
| | | | | | | | - Jakob Tougaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, , , , ,
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13
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Bruck JN. A deeper understanding of noise effects on cetaceans. Learn Behav 2024; 52:3-4. [PMID: 37165162 PMCID: PMC10171909 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research with cetaceans under human care is illuminating just how dolphins are affected by human-made noise both in terms of their ability to cooperate as well as their ability to habituate to such noise. This research is providing granular detail to regulators assessing the problems associated with anthropogenic effects and is highlighting a role for behavior/cognition research in conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Bruck
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA.
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14
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OHISHI K, TAJIMA Y, ABE E, YAMADA TK, MARUYAMA T. Brucella infection in rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) with severe orchitis stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:295-299. [PMID: 38267042 PMCID: PMC10963093 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the western North Pacific, prominent granulomatous testes have been detected in many Brucella-infected common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), but there have been no reports in toothed cetaceans. We found severe orchitis with granulomatous lesions in a rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan in 2011. Histopathological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration of the lesions. DNA from the lesion was analyzed by PCR and it showed molecular biological similarities with those of Brucella-infected common minke whales and Brucella ceti of sequence-type 27 (ST27). These results suggest that the type of Brucella ceti that infected the dolphin was ST27, which may have caused severe orchitis. This study adds to our understanding of Brucella infections in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue OHISHI
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko TAJIMA
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Erika ABE
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi MARUYAMA
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Herceg Romanić S, Mendaš G, Fingler S, Drevenkar V, Mustać B, Jovanović G. Polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels, small pelagic fish, tuna, turtles, and dolphins from the Croatian Adriatic Sea waters: an overview of the last two decades of monitoring. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:15-23. [PMID: 38548374 PMCID: PMC10978161 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarises our two decades of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) monitoring in different marine organisms along the eastern Adriatic Sea. The aim was to gain an insight into the trends of PCB distribution in order to evaluate the effectiveness of past and current legislation and suggest further action. Here we mainly focus on PCB levels in wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels, wild and farmed bluefin tuna, loggerhead sea turtles, common bottlenose dolphins, and small pelagic fish. The use of artificial intelligence and advanced statistics enabled an insight into the influence of various variables on the uptake of PCBs in the investigated organisms as well as into their mutual dependence. Our findings suggest that PCBs in small pelagic fish and mussels reflect global pollution and that high levels in dolphins and wild tuna tissues raise particular concern, as they confirm their biomagnification up the food chain. Therefore, the ongoing PCB monitoring should focus on predatory species in particular to help us better understand PCB contamination in marine ecosystems in our efforts to protect the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordana Mendaš
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Fingler
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Drevenkar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bosiljka Mustać
- University of Zadar, Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jovanović
- University of Belgrade Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia
- Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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da Silva LVG, de Oliveira Carvalho Demarque I, Tostes ECL, de Souza Araújo MA, de Carvalho CEV, Canela MC, Barbosa LA, da Silveira LS. Identification and characterization of plastic debris in the gastrointestinal tract of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from Espírito Santo coast, Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116076. [PMID: 38301435 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) is categorized as vulnerable in the Brazilian list of endangered animals, and its populations suffer from several anthropological threats. In this study, we analyzed the presence of macro, meso, and microplastics (MPs) in Guiana dolphins (n = 12) in Brazil Southeastern coast by analysing their gastrointestinal tract. The MP extractions were carried out with H2O2 (35 %) to remove organic matter. Four specimens ingested meso and macroplastics, including an item of polypropylene of 19.22 cm that was produced about 943 km from the place in which the animal was found stranded. All the specimens analyzed had fragment-type microplastics in their intestines. Blue was the prevailing color, followed by black, green, and red. We highlight the contamination by microplastics in the species, still little investigated, especially the need to understand the contamination by microplastics along trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Versiani Gomes da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Morfologia e Patologia Animal, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isis de Oliveira Carvalho Demarque
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Morfologia e Patologia Animal, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloá Corrêa Lessa Tostes
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos André de Souza Araújo
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Veiga de Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Canela
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lupércio Araújo Barbosa
- Instituto Organização Consciência Ambiental (Instituto ORCA), Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Serafim da Silveira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Morfologia e Patologia Animal, Av. Alberto Lamego, N° 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Alzola-Andres M, Cerveny D, Domingo-Echaburu S, Lekube X, Ruiz-Sancho L, Brodin T, Orive G, Lertxundi U. Pharmaceutical residues in stranded dolphins in the Bay of Biscay. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168570. [PMID: 37979850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the presence of pharmaceuticals on the aquatic environment, while the marine environment has been much less investigated than in freshwater. Marine mammals are suitable sentinel species of the marine environment because they often feed at high trophic levels, have unique fat stores and long lifespan. Some small delphinids in particular serve as excellent sentinel species for contamination in the marine environment worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no pharmaceuticals have been detected or reported in dolphins so far. In the present study, muscle, liver and blubber samples from three common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and seven striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Basque Coast (northern Spain) were collected. A total of 95 pharmaceuticals based on detectability and predicted ability to bioaccumulate in fish were included in the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. At least one pharmaceutical was found in 70 % of the individuals. Only three of the 95 monitored pharmaceuticals were detected in dolphin's tissues. Very low concentrations (<1 ng/g) of orphenadrine and pizotifen were found in liver and promethazine in blubber. Herein, the gap in the knowledge regarding the study organisms and marine environments with respect to pharmaceutical pollution, which demands further research to understand if pharmaceuticals are a threat for these apex predators, is highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Saioa Domingo-Echaburu
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Debagoiena Integrated Health Organisation, Pharmacy Service, Nafarroa Hiribidea 16, 20500 Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Xabier Lekube
- Biscay Bay Environmental Biospecimen Bank (BBEBB), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Leire Ruiz-Sancho
- AMBAR Elkartea Organisation, Ondarreta Ibilbidea z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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18
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Chaudhary G, Bhutia O, Roychoudhury A, Mandal J, Yadav R. Does distraction osteogenesis improve the airway volume and quality of life of obstructive sleep apnoea patients secondary to temporomandibular joint ankylosis? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 62:164-170. [PMID: 38310027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis leads to mandibular micrognathia that severely collapses the upper airway causing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), resulting in deterioration and compromise in the quality of life (QoL) of patients. In this study, we aimed to calculate airway volume changes, apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), and improvement in quality of life before and after distraction osteogenesis (DO). Fourteen Patients with OSA secondary to TMJ ankylosis at a mean (SD) age of 17.5 (5.43) years were enrolled in this prospective study. Multivector mandibular distractors were used in all patients following the standard Ilizarov distraction protocol with a mean (SD) anteroposterior distraction of 16.21 (4.37) mm and a consolidation period of 116.92 (14.35) days. The patients were followed up for six months. A polysomnography test (PSG) was done to quantify AHI and a low-dose computed tomographic scan was done to calculate airway volume using Dolphin medical imaging software pre and post-DO. The QoL of the patients was calculated using the OSA-18 questionnaire. Results analysis depicted that the mean (SD) preoperative AHI was 51.44 (37.99)/h which was improved to 9.57 (9.74)/h (p = 0.001) after DO. Airway volume was calculated on Dolphin software before and after DO showed a significant improvement in airway volume by 121.12% (98.30)%. Similarly, the OSA-18 questionnaire showed significant improvement in QoL from severe to normal. This study suggested that DO increases the corpus length of the mandible, leading to an increment in airway volume, which improves the QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chaudhary
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Ex-Junior resident All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ongkila Bhutia
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeetendra Mandal
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Ex-Junior resident, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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19
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La Manna G, Arrostuto N, Moro Merella M, Stipcich P, Fois N, Sarà G, Ceccherelli G. Towards a sustainable fisher-dolphin coexistence: Understanding depredation, assessing economic damage and evaluating management options. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119797. [PMID: 38086111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Finding solutions for a sustainable coexistence between wildlife and humans is considered among the most challenging environmental management issues for scientists, conservationists, managers, and stockholders world-wide. Depredation by the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) on small scale fisheries has increased in the recent years, leading to a growing conflict in many areas of the Mediterranean Sea and pressing for urgent management solutions. This study aims at developing a management framework for a sustainable coexistence between fishers and dolphins in Sardinia (Mediterranean Sea). Relying on the combination of different approaches (field study, literature review and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis), the scientific evidence necessary for understanding dolphin depredation were updated and improved, the related economic damage was calculated, and different management options were identified and evaluated by several stakeholder groups to support the decision-making process. Averaging for all investigated net types (gillnet and trammel net), a depredation frequency of 53% was found, the highest values ever found in both Sardinia and many other Mediterranean sites. Depredation probability was influenced by different factors, such as net type, fishing operation duration, depth of the fishing site and period. The estimated economic damage due to depredation ranges on average between 6492 and 11,925 euro per year and depends on the type of fishing net. The results from the field study, the literature review and the stakeholder involvement allowed us to define the most plausible and shared management options, identifying a framework for assessing and managing the conflict between fishers and dolphins for the creation of a more sustainable vision for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Manna
- Università di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Sassari, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; MareTerra Onlus, Environmental Research and Conservation, Alghero, Italy.
| | | | - M Moro Merella
- Università di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Stipcich
- Università di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Sassari, Italy
| | - N Fois
- AGRIS Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Sarà
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; Università di Palermo, Dipartimento Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Ceccherelli
- Università di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Sassari, Italy
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20
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Abildtrup Nielsen N, Dawson SM, Torres Ortiz S, Wahlberg M, Martin MJ. Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) produce both narrowband high-frequency and broadband acoustic signals. J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:1437-1450. [PMID: 38364047 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Odontocetes produce clicks for echolocation and communication. Most odontocetes are thought to produce either broadband (BB) or narrowband high-frequency (NBHF) clicks. Here, we show that the click repertoire of Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) comprises highly stereotypical NBHF clicks and far more variable broadband clicks, with some that are intermediate between these two categories. Both NBHF and broadband clicks were made in trains, buzzes, and burst-pulses. Most clicks within click trains were typical NBHF clicks, which had a median centroid frequency of 130.3 kHz (median -10 dB bandwidth = 29.8 kHz). Some, however, while having only marginally lower centroid frequency (median = 123.8 kHz), had significant energy below 100 kHz and approximately double the bandwidth (median -10 dB bandwidth = 69.8 kHz); we refer to these as broadband. Broadband clicks in buzzes and burst-pulses had lower median centroid frequencies (120.7 and 121.8 kHz, respectively) compared to NBHF buzzes and burst-pulses (129.5 and 130.3 kHz, respectively). Source levels of NBHF clicks, estimated by using a drone to measure ranges from a single hydrophone and by computing time-of-arrival differences at a vertical hydrophone array, ranged from 116 to 171 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m, whereas source levels of broadband clicks, obtained from array data only, ranged from 138 to 184 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m. Our findings challenge the grouping of toothed whales as either NBHF or broadband species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Abildtrup Nielsen
- Marine Biological Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Stephen M Dawson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sara Torres Ortiz
- Marine Biological Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Magnus Wahlberg
- Marine Biological Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Morgan J Martin
- Center for Marine Acoustics, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Sterling, Virginia 20166, USA
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21
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Durante CA, Manhães B, Santos-Neto EB, Azevedo ADF, Crespo EA, Lailson-Brito J. Natural and anthropogenic organic brominated compounds in the southwestern Atlantic ocean: Bioaccumulation in coastal and oceanic dolphin species. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:123005. [PMID: 37995959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution is considered a current driver of change in the oceans and despite the urgency to develop more studies, there is limited information in the southern hemisphere. This study aimed to analyze the levels and profiles of natural (MeO-PBDEs) and anthropogenic (BFRs: PBDEs, HBB, PBEB) organic brominated compounds in adipose tissue of two species of dolphins with different distribution and trophic requirements from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean; the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and the Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei). In addition, we aim to investigate maternal transfer and biological pattern relationship (sex, age, sexual maturity) in short-beaked common dolphin bioaccumulation. The levels of both groups of contaminants were in the same order of magnitude as those reported for other marine mammals on both a regional and global scale. BFRs profiles were dominated by BDE 28 and BDE 47 in short-beaked common dolphin and Fraser's dolphin, respectively, whereas 2-MeO-BDE 68 was the most abundant natural compound in both species. Evidence of maternal transfer, temporary increase in BDE 154 levels and no influence of sex, age, or sexual maturity on brominated compound concentration was observed in short-beaked common dolphin. This study fills a gap in the knowledge of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean providing new information on emerging organic pollutants bioavailability for dolphins and, therefore, for the different trophic webs. In addition, it serves as a baseline for further contamination assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alberto Durante
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos - Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Bárbara Manhães
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elitieri Batista Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre de Freitas Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Enrique Alberto Crespo
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos - Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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22
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Mungalsingh MA, Thompson B, Peterson SD, Murphy PJ. Stimulus characteristics of a novel air-based multiple stimulus aesthesiometer. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:32-41. [PMID: 37994563 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the stimulus airflow characteristics and confirm the consistency of a novel air jet-based aesthesiometer capable of producing and applying multiple stimuli separated either by time and/or by space. METHODS A novel aesthesiometer (Dolphin Aesthesiometer) was designed around a micro-blower under software management. Two nozzle attachments assisted in airflow control (flexible tube 1.6 mm diameter; brass tube 0.5 mm diameter). Four studies that tested the characteristics of the airflow and stimulus consistency were completed: (i) airflow pattern/trajectory, (ii) airflow surface dispersion, (iii) force of airflow across a range of stimulus strengths and (iv) thermal effects on the ocular surface. RESULTS Stimulus characteristic studies revealed: (i) airflow is coherent within the expected test distance range for the instrument, and spread rate is constant irrespective of stimulus strength; (ii) airflow dispersion occurs upon encountering a surface and dispersion increases with increasing airflow rate; (iii) a consistent and small force (10-4 N) is applied by the airflow and (iv) repeatable thermal effects occur in relation to the airflow, and the mode of stimulation of the Dolphin aesthesiometer is predominantly thermal in nature. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm the repeatability and consistency of the novel instrument. The device is suitable for measuring corneal sensitivity. The availability of additional air jets allows the application of multiple stimuli to facilitate corneal summation investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Mungalsingh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Murphy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Sekiya SI, Nishimaniwa K, Tajima Y, Yamada TK. Functional anatomy of shoulder muscles in the Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:172-184. [PMID: 37421200 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Most intrinsic muscles of the forelimb in dolphins are either degenerated or lost; however, the muscles around the shoulder joint are well preserved. We dissected the forelimbs of Pacific white-sided dolphins and constructed a full-scale model of the flipper to compare and examine their movements following dissection. The humerus was oriented at approximately 45° ventrally from the horizontal plane of the dolphin and 45° caudally from the frontal plane. This maintains the neutral position of the flipper. The deltoideus and pectoralis major muscles were inserted into the body of the humerus, and the flipper was moved in the dorsal and ventral directions, respectively. A large tubercle, known as the common tubercle, was observed at the medial end of the humerus. Four muscles were inserted into the common tubercle: the brachiocephalicus, supraspinatus, and cranial part of the subscapularis, which laterally rotated the common tubercle. Subsequently, the flipper swung forward, and its radial edge was lifted. Conversely, the medial rotation of the common tubercle caused by the coracobrachialis and the caudal part of the subscapularis was accompanied by backward swinging of the flipper and lowering of the radial edge. These findings suggest the function of the flipper as a stabilizer or rudder is caused by the rotation of the humerus's common tubercle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Sekiya
- Faculty of Nursing, Niigata College of Nursing, Joetsu, Japan
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishimaniwa
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Tajima
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadasu K Yamada
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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24
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Vidal LG, De Oliveira-Ferreira N, Torres JPM, Azevedo AF, Meirelles ACO, Flach L, Domit C, Fragoso ABL, Lima Silva FJ, Carvalho VL, Marcondes M, Barbosa LA, Cremer MJ, Malm O, Lailson-Brito J, Eljarrat E. Brominated flame retardants and natural organobrominated compounds in a vulnerable delphinid species along the Brazilian coast. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167704. [PMID: 37820801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, are vulnerable to extinction along their distribution on the Brazilian coast and assessing chemical pollution is of utmost importance for their conservation. For this study, 51 carcasses of Guiana dolphins were sampled across the Brazilian coast to investigate legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) as well as the naturally-produced MeO-BDEs. PBDEs and MeO-BDEs were detected in all samples analyzed, whereas emerging BFRs were detected in 16 % of the samples, all in Rio de Janeiro state. PBDE concentrations varied between 2.24 and 799 ng.g-1 lipid weight (lw), emerging BFRs between 0.12 and 1.51 ng.g-1 lw and MeO-BDEs between 3.82 and 10,247 ng.g-1 lw. Concentrations of legacy and emerging BFRs and natural compounds varied considerably according to the sampling site and reflected both the local anthropogenic impact of the region and the diversity/mass of biosynthesizers. The PBDE concentrations are lower than what was found for delphinids in the Northern Hemisphere around the same sampling period and most sampling sites presented mean concentrations lower than the limits for endocrine disruption known to date for marine mammals of 460 ng.g-1 lw, except for sampled from Santa Catarina state, in Southern Brazil. Conversely, MeO-BDE concentrations are higher than those of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly close to the Abrolhos Bans and Royal Charlotte formation, that are hotspots for biodiversity. Despite the elevated concentrations reported for this group, there is not much information regarding the effects of such elevated concentrations for these marine mammals. The distinct patterns observed along the Brazilian coast show that organobrominated compounds can be used to identify the ecological segregation of delphinids and that conservation actions should be planned considering the local threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Vidal
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Pós-graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nara De Oliveira-Ferreira
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina O Meirelles
- Marine Mammal Conservation Program, Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Graduate Program, Marine Sciences Institute, Ceará Federal University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Flach
- Instituto Boto Cinza, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro 23860-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Domit
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernadete L Fragoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais/Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca-Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN)/Projeto Golfinho Rotador, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Flávio J Lima Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais/Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca-Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN)/Projeto Golfinho Rotador, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Vítor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Lupércio A Barbosa
- Environmental Awareness Organization (ORCA), Rua São Paulo, 23, Praia da Costa, Vila Velha, ES 29101-315, Brazil
| | - Marta J Cremer
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory for Marine and Coastal Tetrapods, University of Joinville Region (UNIVILLE), São Francisco do Sul, Rod. Duque de Caxias, 6365, Iperoba, São Francisco do Sul 89240-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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Garcia-Garin O, Borrell A, Colomer-Vidal P, Vighi M, Trilla-Prieto N, Aguilar A, Gazo M, Jiménez B. Biomagnification and temporal trends (1990-2021) of perfluoroalkyl substances in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the NW Mediterranean sea. Environ Pollut 2023; 339:122738. [PMID: 37838318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a well-known class of pollutants which can bioaccumulate and biomagnify with a vast majority being highly persistent. This study aims to determine the biomagnification rates of PFAS in sexually mature striped dolphins and to assess temporal trends on PFAS concentrations over the past three decades (1990-2021) in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. Thirteen and 17 of the 19 targeted PFAS were detected in the samples of the dolphins' digestive content and liver, respectively, at concentrations ranging between 43 and 1609 ng/g wet weight, and 254 and 7010 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The most abundant compounds in both types of samples were linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (n-PFOS) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), which were present in all samples, followed by perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Long-chain PFAS (i.e., PFCAs C ≥ 7 and PFSAs C ≥ 6) biomagnified to a greater extent than short-chain PFAS, suggesting a potential effect on the health of striped dolphins. Environmental Quality Standards concentrations set in 2014 by the European Union were exceeded in half of the samples of digestive content, suggesting that polluted prey may pose potential health risks for striped dolphins. Concentrations of most long-chain PFAS increased from 1990 to 2004-2009, then stabilized during 2014-2021, possibly following country regulations and industrial initiatives. The current study highlights the persistent presence of banned PFAS and may contribute to future ecological risk assessments and the design of management strategies to mitigate PFAS pollution in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odei Garcia-Garin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Colomer-Vidal
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Morgana Vighi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Trilla-Prieto
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Gazo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Kemper C, Tomo I, Bovari G, Hamer D, Gibbs S, Segawa Fellowes T. Characterising injuries and pathologies of common dolphin Delphinus delphis mortalities in the South Australian Sardine Fishery. Dis Aquat Organ 2023; 156:99-114. [PMID: 38095365 DOI: 10.3354/dao03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mortality of dolphins in fishing operations is often under-estimated, as shown by studies of beach-washed carcasses. Linking evidence obtained during necropsies with fishing method is fundamental to understanding the extent of mortality and the manner in which animals die. The South Australian Sardine Fishery (SASF) has operated a purse-seine industry since 1991. This study characterised injuries, pathological changes and life history of 49 dead dolphins collected from SASF during 2006-2019. Histology examination was conducted on 25 animals. Neonates, calves and juveniles accounted for 63% of the sample. Of mature females (n = 14), 11 were pregnant or lactating, with cryptic mortality estimated to be 20% of dolphins studied. Body condition was robust in 48 dolphins. Net marks were seen on 82%, mostly on the head, trunk and peduncle. Broken/missing teeth were noted in 63%. All dolphins had subdermal haemorrhage (moderate to severe in 96%), particularly around the head. Deep haemorrhage was common, including around occipital and flipper condyles, and organs. Copious fluid was present in the thoracic (pleural) and abdominal (ascites) cavities of half of the dolphins. Within the lungs, watery fluid and froth were observed in 100 and 39%, respectively. Recent bone fractures were documented in 43% of dolphins, mostly associated with haemorrhage. Severe blunt trauma appeared to be the primary cause of death, and 10 dolphins also had other significant pathologies. Visceral organ congestion and mild cardiomyopathy were observed. Stomachs contained prey remains in 75% of cases. The results of this study may help identify unreported purse-seine mortalities washed up in South Australia and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kemper
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - I Tomo
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - G Bovari
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - D Hamer
- /40 Valley Street, West Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - S Gibbs
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - T Segawa Fellowes
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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28
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Morick D, Davidovich N, Zemah-Shamir Z, Kroin Y, Bigal E, Sierra E, Segura-Göthlin S, Wosnick N, Hauser-Davis RA, Tchernov D, Scheinin AP. First description of a Gammaherpesvirus in a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2253-2258. [PMID: 37088865 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In September 2020, a male common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) was found dead on a beach near Bat-Yam, Israel. A small, raised, well circumscribed penile lesion (i.e., mass) was identified and removed for histology and molecular characterizations. By histology, the penile mass presented focal keratinization of the squamous epithelium and a mild ballooning of acanthocytes in lower epithelium levels, as well as features compatible with viral plaques, and tested positive for a gammaherpesvirus through molecular characterization analyses. Tissue samples from the lungs, liver, and spleen, however, tested negative for herpesvirus infection. The gammaherpesvirus detected herein is similar to other isolates found in several areas worldwide in different cetacean species. This is the first reported case of gammaherpesvirus infection in dolphins from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, indicative of the need for long-term assessments to create viral infections databases in cetaceans, especially in a climate change context, which is likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks in marine mammals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Morick
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nadav Davidovich
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Israeli Veterinary Services, 20250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ziv Zemah-Shamir
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Kroin
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Bigal
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eva Sierra
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Atlantic Center for Cetacean Research, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Trasmontaña, s/n, 35413, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Simone Segura-Göthlin
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Atlantic Center for Cetacean Research, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Trasmontaña, s/n, 35413, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Natascha Wosnick
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aviad P Scheinin
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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Ramos E, Selleghin-Veiga G, Magpali L, Daros B, Silva F, Picorelli A, Freitas L, Nery MF. Molecular Footprints on Osmoregulation-Related Genes Associated with Freshwater Colonization by Cetaceans and Sirenians. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:865-881. [PMID: 38010516 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis underlying adaptive physiological mechanisms has been extensively explored in mammals after colonizing the seas. However, independent lineages of aquatic mammals exhibit complex patterns of secondary colonization in freshwater environments. This change in habitat represents new osmotic challenges, and additional changes in key systems, such as the osmoregulatory system, are expected. Here, we studied the selective regime on coding and regulatory regions of 20 genes related to the osmoregulation system in strict aquatic mammals from independent evolutionary lineages, cetaceans, and sirenians, with representatives in marine and freshwater aquatic environments. We identified positive selection signals in genes encoding the protein vasopressin (AVP) in mammalian lineages with secondary colonization in the fluvial environment and in aquaporins for lineages inhabiting the marine and fluvial environments. A greater number of sites with positive selection signals were found for the dolphin species compared to the Amazonian manatee. Only the AQP5 and AVP genes showed selection signals in more than one independent lineage of these mammals. Furthermore, the vasopressin gene tree indicates greater similarity in river dolphin sequences despite the independence of their lineages based on the species tree. Patterns of distribution and enrichment of Transcription Factors in the promoter regions of target genes were analyzed and appear to be phylogenetically conserved among sister species. We found accelerated evolution signs in genes ACE, AQP1, AQP5, AQP7, AVP, NPP4, and NPR1 for the fluvial mammals. Together, these results allow a greater understanding of the molecular bases of the evolution of genes responsible for osmotic control in aquatic mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ramos
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Selleghin-Veiga
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Magpali
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Daros
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Silva
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Agnello Picorelli
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Freitas
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Nery
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva., Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil.
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Duarte-Benvenuto A, Sacristán C, Ewbank AC, Zamana-Ramblas R, Lial HC, Silva SC, Arias Lugo MA, Keid LB, Pessi CF, Sabbadini JR, Ribeiro VL, do Valle RDR, Bertozzi CP, Colosio AC, Ramos HDCG, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ferioli RB, Pavanelli L, Ikeda JMP, Carvalho VL, Catardo Gonçalves FA, Ibáñez-Porras P, Sacristán I, Catão-Dias JL. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in Marine Mammals, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2471-2481. [PMID: 37987585 PMCID: PMC10683811 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.230903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma spp. are wall-less bacteria able to infect mammals and are classified as hemotropic (hemoplasma) and nonhemotropic. In aquatic mammals, hemoplasma have been reported in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and river dolphins (Inia spp.). We investigated Mycoplasma spp. in blood samples of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus), pinnipeds (5 species), and marine cetaceans (18 species) that stranded or were undergoing rehabilitation in Brazil during 2002-2022. We detected Mycoplasma in blood of 18/130 (14.8%) cetaceans and 3/18 (16.6%) pinnipeds. All tested manatees were PCR-negative for Mycoplasma. Our findings indicate that >2 different hemoplasma species are circulating in cetaceans. The sequences from pinnipeds were similar to previously described sequences. We also detected a nonhemotropic Mycoplasma in 2 Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) that might be associated with microscopic lesions. Because certain hemoplasmas can cause disease and death in immunosuppressed mammals, the bacteria could have conservation implications for already endangered aquatic mammals.
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Silva WI, Lima EF, Silva JO, Alves MDM, Alves CLP, Silva ALP, Lima JA, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. Endoparasites in domestic cats (Felis catus) in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e012123. [PMID: 38018630 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of endoparasites in domestic cats (Felis catus) in the city of Sousa, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. A total of 207 samples of fresh feces were randomly collected from domestic and semi-domiciled cats. The samples were analyzed by simple centrifugation and centrifuge-flotation in sucrose solution for the diagnosis of helminth eggs and enteric protozoan oocysts and cysts. Epidemiological information was obtained to determine risk factors related to infections. Among the samples collected, 81.6% (169/207; 95% CI: 77.4-83.8) were positive for at least one parasite genus. Ancylostoma spp. was the most prevalent, at 67.1% (139/207), followed by Taenia spp. at 28.5% (59/207), and Spirometra spp. and Platynosomum sp., both at 17.3% (36/207). The variables associated with helminth infection were a historic lack of deworming (Odds ratio = 12.25) and the presence of dry fur (Odds ratio = 2.15). No risk factors were observed for enteric protozoa infection. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of endoparasites in domestic cats in the city of Sousa, state of Paraíba, and associated risk factors, thus establishing an overview of the main helminths and protozoa that affect cats in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welitânia Inácia Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - Estefany Ferreira Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | - Jordania Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | - Mariana de Melo Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Luzia Peixoto Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | - Jeizom Abrantes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
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Ivanchikova J, Tregenza N. Validation of the F-POD-A fully automated cetacean monitoring system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293402. [PMID: 37976270 PMCID: PMC10656029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The F-POD, an echolocation-click logging device, is commonly used for passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans. This paper presents the first assessment of the error-rate of fully automated analysis by this system, a description of the F-POD hardware, and a description of the KERNO-F v1.0 classifier which identifies click trains. Since 2020, twenty F-POD loggers have been used in the BlackCeTrends project by research teams from Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Türkiye, and Ukraine with the aim of investigating trends of relative abundance in populations of cetaceans of the Black Sea. Acoustic data from this project analysed here comprises 9 billion raw data clicks in total, of which 297 million were classified by KERNO-F as Narrow Band High Frequency (NBHF) clicks (harbour porpoise clicks) and 91 million as dolphin clicks. Such data volumes require a reliable automated system of analysis, which we describe. A total of 16,805 Detection Positive Minutes (DPM) were individually inspected and assessed by a visual check of click train characteristics in each DPM. To assess the overall error rate in each species group we investigated 2,000 DPM classified as having NBHF clicks and 2,000 DPM classified as having dolphin clicks. The fraction of NBHF DPM containing misclassified NBHF trains was less than 0.1% and for dolphins the corresponding error-rate was 0.97%. For both species groups (harbour porpoises and dolphins), these error-rates are acceptable for further study of cetaceans in the Black Sea using the automated classification without further editing of the data. The main sources of errors were 0.17% of boat sonar DPMs misclassified as harbour porpoises, and 0.14% of harbour porpoise DPMs misclassified as dolphins. The potential to estimate the rate at which these sources generate errors makes possible a new predictive approach to overall error estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ivanchikova
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Wan X, Li J, Ao M, McLaughlin RW, Fan F, Wang D, Zheng J. The intestinal microbiota of a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus): possible relationships with starvation raised by macro-plastic ingestion. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1001-1007. [PMID: 37059916 PMCID: PMC10104690 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Ingesting marine plastics is increasingly common in cetaceans, but little is known about their potential effects. Here, by utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we profiled the intestinal bacterial communities of a stranded Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) which died because of the ingestion of rubber gloves. In this study, we explored the potential relationships between starvation raised by plastic ingestion with the dolphin gut microbiota. Our results showed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition among the different anatomical areas along the intestinal tract, which may be related to the intestinal emptying process under starvation. In addition, the intestinal bacterial composition of the Risso's dolphin showed both similarity and divergence to that of other toothed whales, suggesting potential roles of both host phylogeny and habitat shaping of the cetacean intestinal microbiome. Perhaps, the microbiota is reflecting a potentially disordered intestinal microbial profile caused by the ingestion of macro-plastics which led to starvation. Moreover, two operational taxonomic units (0.17% of the total reads) affiliated with Actinobacillus and Acinetobacter lwoffii were detected along the intestinal tract. These bacterial species may cause infections in immunocompromised dolphins which are malnourished. This preliminary study profiles the intestinal microbiota of a Risso's dolphin, and provides an additional understanding of the potential relationships between starvation raised by ingesting macro-plastics with cetacean gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengxue Ao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | | | - Fei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- National Aquatic Biological Resource Center, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ding Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- National Aquatic Biological Resource Center, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinsong Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- National Aquatic Biological Resource Center, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Pinto R, Zanette J. Integrative ecotoxicity evaluation of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in aquatic animals reveals high tolerance of Artemia franciscana. Chemosphere 2023; 341:140059. [PMID: 37673183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a significant threat to animals in aquatic environments due to the adverse effects they exert. Species of the genus Artemia have been described as heavy metal tolerant, but the sensitivity/tolerance range for these species has not been established. In the present study, the toxicity of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni as reported in the ECOTOX and Web of Science databases was examined for Artemia franciscana and compared with other species and taxonomic groups using an integrative ecotoxicity evaluation. The hazard concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) of acute toxicity tests (24-96 h), obtained through a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) indicated that Cu (0.02 mg/L) and Cd (0.03 mg/L) were the metals with the highest toxicity to aquatic animals followed by Zn (0.15 mg/L) and Ni (0.23 mg/L). In addition to the higher hazard of Cu and Cd to aquatic animals, the comparison of acute LC50 values for A. franciscana indicates lower toxicity of Cd followed by Cu, Zn, and Ni (200.0, 14.5, 9.5, and 0.6 mg/L, respectively). Using the SSD and physiological sensitivity (S) approaches, it was demonstrated that A. franciscana is relatively tolerant to Cd (SSD= HC99; S = 2.21), Cu (SSD= HC97; S = 2.00), Zn (SSD= HC90; S = 1.29) and Ni (SSD= HC83; S = 0.96) compared with other species and taxonomic groups. It appears that tolerance to the metals Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni is unique to the family Artemiidae within the order Anostraca, as the families Streptocephalidae and Thamnocephalidae are not tolerant (have negative S values). Our study confirmed that as expected, A. franciscana presents higher tolerance to Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni than other aquatic animals. Our findings confirm that A. franciscana can be used as a model organism to understand mechanisms involved in tolerance to heavy metals, mainly Cd and Cu, which are considered highly toxic to other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pinto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanette
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Mishima Y, Matsuo I, Karasawa Y, Ishii M, Morisaka T. Directional and amplitude characteristics of pulsed call sequences in captive free-swimming Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 154:2974-2987. [PMID: 37947396 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the directional properties and gain control of a pulsed call sequence that functions as a contact call in Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). The pulsed call sequences were stereotyped patterns composed of three or more pulsed call elements and were collected from two dolphins, separated into adjacent pools, and allowed to swim freely. Eight hydrophones and an overhead camera were used to determine the positions and directions of the participants. The mean peak frequency and source levels were 8.4 ± 4.4 (standard deviation)-18.7 ± 12.7 kHz and 160.8 ± 3.8 to 176.4 ± 7.9 dB re 1 μPa (peak-to-peak), respectively, depending on the element types. The elements were omnidirectional, with mean directivity index of 0.9 ± 3.4 dB. The dolphins produced sequences, regardless of their relative position and direction to the lattice, leading to the adjacent pool where the conspecific was housed. They increased the amplitude by 6.5 ± 4.6 dB as the distance from the caller to an arbitrary point in the adjacent pool doubled. These results suggest that callers broadcast pulsed call sequences in a wide direction to reach dispersed conspecifics. However, they can adjust the acoustic active space by controlling the source levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Mishima
- Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Matsuo
- Department of Information Science, Tohoku Gakuin University, 2-1-1 Tenjinzawa, Izumi-ku, Sendai, 981-3193, Japan
| | - Yuu Karasawa
- Izu Mito Sea Paradise, 3-1, Nagahama, Uchiura, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, 410-0295, Japan
| | - Marina Ishii
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Morisaka
- Cetacean Research Center, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577, Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Deegan TC, Niemeyer M, Colegrove KM, Rotstein DS, Sharp SM. Pathology of short-term dorsal fin tag-attachments in tagged and re-stranded short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis on Cape Cod, MA. Dis Aquat Organ 2023; 156:29-38. [PMID: 38078796 DOI: 10.3354/dao03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Odontocetes are difficult to study in the wild, making tagging and remote tracking a valuable practice. However, evaluations of host responses at tagging sites have been primarily limited to visual observations in the field. Here we explore the macro- and microscopic pathology of dorsal fin tag attachments in 13 stranded and released short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis from Cape Cod, MA that later re-stranded and died or were euthanized 1-28 d post-tagging. Tags were attached to stranded dolphins' dorsal fins using 2 methods: core biopsy or piercing. Grossly, the piercing method resulted in epidermal compression into the dermis. One tag site had a necrotic border 28 d after application. Grossly, the biopsy method resulted in minimal to no tissue reaction. Two tag sites had granulation tissue accumulation 4 and 12 d after tagging. Histopathologic findings for all tag types and animals consisted of focal epithelial loss, dermal edema, perivascular edema, inflammation and hyperplasia, and inter- and extracellular edema in the adjacent epidermis. Minor expected pathological changes given the procedure were also observed: superficial epidermal necrosis in 3 cases, and superficial bacterial colonization in 2 cases. There was no evidence of sepsis and tagging was not related to cause of re-stranding or death in any case. These gross and histopathologic findings support previous observational conclusions in small delphinids that with appropriate sterile technique, the impacts of single pin dorsal fin tagging on the animal can be minimal and localized. Of the 2 methods, core biopsy may be a better tagging method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treasa C Deegan
- Marine Mammal Rescue and Research Program, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, 02675, USA
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Misty Niemeyer
- Marine Mammal Rescue and Research Program, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, 02675, USA
| | - Kathleen M Colegrove
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Brookfield, Illinois, 60513, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Sharp
- Marine Mammal Rescue and Research Program, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, 02675, USA
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Silva FA, Picorelli ACR, Veiga GS, Nery MF. Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:62. [PMID: 37872505 PMCID: PMC10594719 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetaceans (whales, porpoises, and dolphins) are a lineage of aquatic mammals from which some species became giants. Only recently, gigantism has been investigated from the molecular point of view. Studies focused mainly on coding regions, and no data on the influence of regulatory regions on gigantism in this group was available. Accordingly, we investigated the molecular evolution of non-coding regulatory regions of genes already described in the literature for association with size in mammals, focusing mainly on the promoter regions. For this, we used Ciiider and phyloP tools. Ciiider identifies significantly enriched transcription factor binding sites, and phyloP estimates the molecular evolution rate of the promoter. RESULTS We found evidence of enrichment of transcription binding factors related to large body size, with distinct patterns between giant and non-giant cetaceans in the IGFBP7 and NCAPG promoters, in which repressive agents are present in small cetaceans and those that stimulate transcription, in giant cetaceans. In addition, we found evidence of acceleration in the IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, and ZFAT promoters. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that regulatory regions may also influence cetaceans' body size, providing candidate genes for future research to understand the molecular basis of the largest living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Silva
- Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnello C R Picorelli
- Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna S Veiga
- Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Nery
- Dept of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, 13083-862, SP, Brazil.
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Braulik GT, Taylor BL, Minton G, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Collins T, Rojas-Bracho L, Crespo EA, Ponnampalam LS, Double MC, Reeves RR. Red-list status and extinction risk of the world's whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e14090. [PMID: 37246556 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To understand the scope and scale of the loss of biodiversity, tools are required that can be applied in a standardized manner to all species globally, spanning realms from land to the open ocean. We used data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List to provide a synthesis of the conservation status and extinction risk of cetaceans. One in 4 cetacean species (26% of 92 species) was threatened with extinction (i.e., critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable) and 11% were near threatened. Ten percent of cetacean species were data deficient, and we predicted that 2-3 of these species may also be threatened. The proportion of threatened cetaceans has increased: 15% in 1991, 19% in 2008, and 26% in 2021. The assessed conservation status of 20% of species has worsened from 2008 to 2021, and only 3 moved into categories of lesser threat. Cetacean species with small geographic ranges were more likely to be listed as threatened than those with large ranges, and those that occur in freshwater (100% of species) and coastal (60% of species) habitats were under the greatest threat. Analysis of odontocete species distributions revealed a global hotspot of threatened small cetaceans in Southeast Asia, in an area encompassing the Coral Triangle and extending through nearshore waters of the Bay of Bengal, northern Australia, and Papua New Guinea and into the coastal waters of China. Improved management of fisheries to limit overfishing and reduce bycatch is urgently needed to avoid extinctions or further declines, especially in coastal areas of Asia, Africa, and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill T Braulik
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- IUCN Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force
| | | | - Gianna Minton
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- IUCN Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force
- Megaptera Marine Conservation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- IUCN Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force
- Tethys Research Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Tim Collins
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- IUCN Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force
- Global Conservation, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rojas-Bracho
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- IUCN Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force
- Ocean Wise, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Enrique A Crespo
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, (CESIMAR, CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Louisa S Ponnampalam
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- The MareCet Research Organization, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michael C Double
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Randall R Reeves
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Cetacean Specialist Group
- Committee of Scientific Advisers, Marine Mammal Commission, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gong G, Hong Y, Wang X, De Mandal S, Zafar J, Huang L, Jin F, Xu X. Nicotine perturbs the microbiota of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stål Hemiptera: Delphinidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115383. [PMID: 37634480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts exhibiting co-evolutionary patterns with insect hosts play a vital role in the nutrient synthesis, metabolism, development, reproduction, and immunity of insects. The brown planthopper (BPH) has a strong ability to adapt to various environmental stresses and can develop resistance to broad-spectrum insecticides. We aimed to investigate whether gut symbionts of BPH play a major role in the detoxification of insecticides and host fitness in unfavorable environments. Nicotine-treated rice plants were exposed to BPH (early stage) and the gut microbiome of the emerging female adults were analyzed using high throughput sequencing (HTS). Nicotine administration altered the diversity and community structure of BPH symbionts with significant increases in bacterial members such as Microbacteriaceae, Comamondaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and these changes may be associated with host survival strategies in adverse environments. Furthermore, the in-vitro study showed that four intestinal bacterial strains of BPH (Enterobacter NLB1, Bacillus cereus NL1, Ralstonia NLG26, and Delftia NLG11) could degrade nicotine when grown in a nicotine-containing medium, with the highest degradation (71%) observed in Delftia NLG11. RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis revealed an increased expression level of CYP6AY1 and P450 enzyme activities in Delftia NLG11, respectively. CYP6AY1 increased by 20% under the action of Delftia and nicotine, while P450 enzyme activity increased by 18.1%. After CYP6AY1 interference, nicotine tolerance decreased, and the mortality rate reached 76.65% on the first day and 100% on the third day. Moreover, Delftia NLG11 helped axenic BPHs to increase their survival rate when fed nicotine in the liquid-diet sac (LDS) feeding system. Compared with axenic BPHs, the survival rate improved by 25.11% on day 2% and 6.67% on day 3. These results revealed an altered gut microbiota and a cooperative relationship between Delftia NLG11 and CYP6AY1 in nicotine-treated BPH, suggesting that insects can adapt to a hostile environment by interacting with their symbionts and providing a new idea for integrated pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Surajit De Mandal
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junaid Zafar
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fengliang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Amarante JM. Obituary (1923-2023): In Memoriam Álvaro Guimarães e Sousa. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:2175-2176. [PMID: 37127812 PMCID: PMC10581913 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Amarante
- Universidade do Porto and Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Universitário e Politécnico, Porto, Portugal.
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41
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Noren SR. Building Cetacean Locomotor Muscles throughout Ontogeny to Support High-Performance Swimming into Adulthood. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:785-795. [PMID: 36990644 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The demands on the locomotor muscles at birth are different for cetaceans than terrestrial mammals. Cetacean muscles do not need to support postural costs as the neonate transitions from the womb because water's buoyant force supports body weight. Rather, neonatal cetacean muscles must sustain locomotion under hypoxic conditions as the neonate accompanies its mother swimming underwater. Despite disparate demands at birth, cetaceans like terrestrial mammals require postnatal development to attain mature musculature. Neonatal cetaceans have a low proportion of muscle mass, and their locomotor muscles have lower mitochondrial density, myoglobin content (Mb), and buffering capacity than those found in the adult locomotor muscle. For example, the locomotor muscle of the neonatal bottlenose dolphin has only 10 and 65% of the Mb and buffering capacity, respectively, found in the adult locomotor muscle. The maturation period required to achieve mature Mb and buffering capacity in the locomotor muscle varies across cetacean species from 0.75 to 4 and 1.17 to 3.4 years, respectively. The truncated nursing interval of harbor porpoises and sub-ice travel of beluga whales may be drivers for faster muscle maturation in these species. Despite these postnatal changes in the locomotor muscle, ontogenetic changes in locomotor muscle fiber type seem to be rare in cetaceans. Regardless, the underdeveloped aerobic and anaerobic capacities of the locomotor muscle of immature dolphins result in diminished thrusting capability and swim performance. Size-specific stroke amplitudes (23-26% of body length) of 0-3-month-old dolphins are significantly smaller than those of >10-month-olds (29-30% of body length), and 0-1-month-olds only achieve 37 and 52% of the mean and maximum swim speed of adults, respectively. Until swim performance improves with muscle maturation, young cetaceans are precluded from achieving their pod's swim speeds, which could have demographic consequences when fleeing anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Noren
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz Center for Ocean Health, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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42
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López-Martínez S, Giménez-Luque E, Molina-Pardo JL, Manzano-Medina S, Arribas-Arias H, Gavara R, Morales-Caselles C, L Rivas M. Plastic ingestion by two cetacean groups: Ziphiidae and Delphinidae. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:121932. [PMID: 37336348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of plastic in our environment is having a massive impact on today's marine biota. Whales and dolphins are becoming sentinels of litter pollution as plastic entanglement and ingestion affect them with unknown consequences. Although information exists about this anthropogenic interaction, the compilation of this data on metastudies is difficult due to the use of varied methodologies. A combination of our own data as well as a review of historical data was used to complete an extensive study of how cetaceans are interacting with macro and micro-litter at a global level. Here, we identify the plastic uptake by two cetacean families: Ziphiidae and Delphinidae, thus allowing for a better understanding in order to offer a global overview of their current status. Additionally, analysis was run on the plastic found in the digestive contents of stranded specimens of two Cuvier's beaked whales and fourteen striped dolphins in the Alboran Sea, in the Western Mediterranean, a hotspot for marine megafauna. Out of 623 stranded cetaceans from datasets, beaked whales displayed the highest concentration of macro, meso and microplastic in the Western Pacific Ocean. Regarding striped dolphins, Eastern Spain was the location with the highest plastic ingestion. Moreover, deep divers such as beaked whales ingested more plastic than striped dolphins which could be as a consequence of their feeding behavior or habitat. Thus, this overview provides useful information concerning conservation issues on how cetacean hotspots are highly affected by marine plastic ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Gavara
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnologia de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Marga L Rivas
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Science INMAR, University of Cádiz, Spain
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Baker CS, Claridge D, Dunn C, Fetherston T, Baker DN, Klinck H, Steel D. Quantification by droplet digital PCR and species identification by metabarcoding of environmental (e)DNA from Blainville's beaked whales, with assisted localization from an acoustic array. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291187. [PMID: 37703242 PMCID: PMC10499200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection and identification of species, subspecies or stocks of whales, dolphins and porpoises at sea remain challenging, particularly for cryptic or elusive species like beaked whales (Family: Ziphiidae). Here we investigated the potential for using an acoustically assisted sampling design to collect environmental (e)DNA from beaked whales on the U.S. Navy's Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in The Bahamas. During 12 days of August 2019, we conducted 9 small-boat surveys and collected 56 samples of seawater (paired subsamples of 1L each, including controls) using both a spatial collection design in the absence of visual confirmation of whales, and a serial collection design in the proximity of whales at the surface. There were 7 sightings of whales, including 11 Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris). All whales were located initially with the assistance of information from a bottom-mounted acoustic array available on the AUTEC range. Quantification by droplet digital (dd)PCR from the four spatial design collections showed no samples of eDNA above the threshold of detection and none of these 20 samples yielded amplicons for conventional or next-generation sequencing. Quantification of the 31 samples from four serial collections identified 11 likely positive detections. eDNA barcoding by conventional sequencing and eDNA metabarcoding by next-generation sequencing confirmed species identification for 9 samples from three of the four serial collections. We further resolved five intra-specific variants (i.e., haplotypes), two of which showed an exact match to previously published haplotypes and three that have not been reported previously to the international repository, GenBank. A minimum spanning network of the five eDNA haplotypes, with all other published haplotypes of Blainville's beaked whales, suggested the potential for further resolution of differences between oceanic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Scott Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Diane Claridge
- Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation, Sandy Point, Abaco, The Bahamas
| | - Charlotte Dunn
- Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation, Sandy Point, Abaco, The Bahamas
| | - Thomas Fetherston
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Nevé Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Holger Klinck
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Debbie Steel
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
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Pereira LG, Ferreira GVB, Justino AKS, de Oliveira KMT, de Queiroz MT, Schmidt N, Fauvelle V, Carvalho VL, Lucena-Frédou F. Exploring microplastic contamination in Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis): Insights into plastic pollution in the southwestern tropical Atlantic. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115407. [PMID: 37611337 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are considered sentinel species and may act as indicators of ocean health. Plastic residues are widely distributed in the oceans and are recognised as hazardous contaminants, and once ingested can cause several adverse effects on wildlife. This study aimed to identify and characterise plastic ingestion in the Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic by evaluating the stomach contents of stranded individuals through KOH digestion and identification of subsample of particles by LDIR Chemical Imaging System. Most of the individuals were contaminated, and the most common polymers identified were PU, PET and EVA. Microplastics were more prevalent than larger plastic particles (meso- and macroplastics). Smaller particles were detected during the rainy seasons. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the stomach content mass and the number of microplastics, suggesting contamination through trophic transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Gonçalves Pereira
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos - Aquasis, Programa de Mamíferos Marinhos, Rua Pintor João Figueiredo, s/n, Iparana, Caucaia, CE 61627-250, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme V B Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Anne K S Justino
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Kelen Melo Tavares de Oliveira
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos - Aquasis, Programa de Mamíferos Marinhos, Rua Pintor João Figueiredo, s/n, Iparana, Caucaia, CE 61627-250, Brazil
| | - Monique Torres de Queiroz
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos - Aquasis, Programa de Mamíferos Marinhos, Rua Pintor João Figueiredo, s/n, Iparana, Caucaia, CE 61627-250, Brazil; Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, Praça Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Natascha Schmidt
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos - Aquasis, Programa de Mamíferos Marinhos, Rua Pintor João Figueiredo, s/n, Iparana, Caucaia, CE 61627-250, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena-Frédou
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
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Jin C, Lundstrøm J, Korhonen E, Luis AS, Bojar D. Breast Milk Oligosaccharides Contain Immunomodulatory Glucuronic Acid and LacdiNAc. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100635. [PMID: 37597722 PMCID: PMC10509713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is abundant with functionalized milk oligosaccharides (MOs) to nourish and protect the neonate. Yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of the repertoire and evolution of MOs across Mammalia. We report ∼400 MO-species associations (>100 novel structures) from milk glycomics of nine mostly understudied species: alpaca, beluga whale, black rhinoceros, bottlenose dolphin, impala, L'Hoest's monkey, pygmy hippopotamus, domestic sheep, and striped dolphin. This revealed the hitherto unknown existence of the LacdiNAc motif (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc) in MOs of all species except alpaca, sheep, and striped dolphin, indicating the widespread occurrence of this potentially antimicrobial motif in MOs. We also characterize glucuronic acid-containing MOs in the milk of impala, dolphins, sheep, and rhinoceros, previously only reported in cows. We demonstrate that these GlcA-MOs exhibit potent immunomodulatory effects. Our study extends the number of known MOs by >15%. Combined with >1900 curated MO-species associations, we characterize MO motif distributions, presenting an exhaustive overview of MO biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- Proteomics Core Facility at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jon Lundstrøm
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Korhonen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana S Luis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bojar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Carter A, Mohamed A. Dento-skeletal effects of different rapid maxillary expanders for growing patients-which is better? Evid Based Dent 2023; 24:104-105. [PMID: 37268709 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DESIGN Single-blind, two-arm parallel-group randomised controlled trial. CASE SELECTION Patients aged 11-14 years old attending for comprehensive orthodontic treatment between January and July 2018. All subjects needed to have the following: present upper first premolars and first permanent molars; transverse maxillary deficiency; unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbite. The exclusion criteria was: cleft lip or palate, previous orthodontic treatment; congenital deformity; absent permanent teeth. INTERVENTION Rapid maxillary expansion via two techniques were used and placed by the same orthodontist. Group A were treated via the tooth-bone-borne Hybrid Hyrax expander, Group B had the tooth-borne (hyrax) expander. CBCT scans of the maxilla were taken before treatment and 3 months after the activation phase when the appliances had been removed. DATA ANALYSIS Analysis of the dental and skeletal changes was completed via measuring pre and post treatment CBCT scans using Dolphin software for Group A and Group B. Measurements included: specific naso-maxillary widths in the first premolar region (i.e. nasal cavity, nasal floor, maxilla, palate), naso-maxillary widths in the first molar region, premolar/molar inclination, buccal cusp distance, and apices distance, as well as suture maturation. Baseline characteristic data was compared using one-way ANOVA. Intergroup comparison of changes was analysed using ANCOVA. P < 0.05 (5%) was considered statistically significant. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using correlation coefficient. RESULTS Skeletal effects: The Hybrid Hyrax patients (HHG) showed a significantly higher increase in dimensions in the nasal cavity, nasal floor and maxilla in the premolar region only, of 1.5 mm, 1.4 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively, compared to the Hyrax expander patients (HG), to a 5% significance level. The HHG showed a significantly higher increase in dimensions in the nasal cavity of 0.9 mm, in the molar region, compared to the HG. Dental effects: Premolar inclination was significantly higher in the HG, with the difference being -3.2 degrees on the right 1st premolar and -2.5 degrees on the left 1st premolar. The higher the amount of activation, the higher the nasal skeletal changes in the Hybrid Hyrax group. CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid Hyrax (tooth-bone-borne expander) resulted in increased skeletal dimension changes (i.e. in the nasomaxillary structures in the first premolar region, and nasal cavity in the first molar and first premolar region) and only minimal premolar inclination/tipping compared to the Hyrax (tooth-borne expander). There were however no differences between the expanders for position of premolar or molar apices, or molar crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayah Mohamed
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston, UK
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47
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Ma L, Jin L, Zhang K, Tao D, Wang WX, Lam PKS, Ruan Y. Identification of key features relating to the coexistence mechanisms of trace elements and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine mammals. Environ Int 2023; 178:108099. [PMID: 37481952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic and inorganic substances coexist in the livers of marine mammals and may correlate with one another; however, their coexistence mechanisms and relevant key features remain largely unknown. In this study, temporal variations (2011-2021) in the concentrations of nine trace elements and 19 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the livers of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) were investigated. Interannual Cd in dolphins increased significantly whereas Pb concentrations decreased over the past decade (p < 0.05). Interannual levels of seven and four PFASs in dolphins and porpoises decreased significantly with time (p < 0.05). By further extending the timescale to 1993-2021, the sensitivity of trace elements to annual change further increased, whereas the sensitivity of PFASs remained relatively stable. Cu levels, similar to the majority of PFASs, were negatively correlated with the body length of the studied cetaceans, which led to positive correlations of Cu with six long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluorodecane sulfonic acid, and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonic acid. The concentrations of trace elements in the cetacean liver were closely correlated with cetacean sex, species, and body length, whereas PFAS concentration was responsive to time-related features such as stranded season and year. By further employing a machine learning method, we demonstrated that body length and a time-related factor (year) played a crucial role in predicting the concentrations of certain trace elements and PFASs, respectively, particularly Cu and perfluoroheptanoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Danyang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Xing K, Mei H, Feng Q, Quan S, Zhang G, Jia A, Ge H, Mei D, Li J. Accuracy in predicting soft tissue changes of orthodontic class III cases using Dolphin® software. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4531-4539. [PMID: 37285103 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prediction of posttreatment outcomes is conducive to the final determination of ideal therapeutic options. However, the prediction accuracy in orthodontic class III cases is unclear. Therefore, this study conducted exploration on prediction accuracy in orthodontic class III patients using the Dolphin® software. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, lateral cephalometric radiographs of pre- and posttreatment were collected from 28 angle class III adults who received completed non-orthognathic orthodontic therapy (8 males, 20 females; mean age = 20.89 ± 4.26 years). The values of 7 posttreatment parameters were recorded and inserted into the Dolphin® Imaging software to generate a predicted outcome, and then the prediction radiograph and actual posttreatment radiograph were superimposed and compared in terms of soft tissue parameters and landmarks. RESULTS The prediction showed significant differences with the actual outcomes in nasal prominence (the difference between the prediction and the actual value was - 0.78 ± 1.82 mm), the distance from the lower lip to the H line (0.55 ± 1.11 mm), and the distance from the lower lip to the E line (0.77 ± 1.62 mm) (p < 0.05). Point subnasale (Sn) (an accuracy of 92.86% in the horizontal direction and 100% in the vertical direction in 2 mm) and point soft tissue A (ST A) (an accuracy of 92.86% in the horizontal direction and 85.71% in the vertical direction in 2 mm) were proven to be the most accurate landmarks, while the predictions in the chin region were relatively inaccurate. Furthermore, the predictions in the vertical direction were of higher accuracy compared to the horizontal direction except for the points around the chin. CONCLUSIONS The Dolphin® software demonstrated acceptable prediction accuracy in midfacial changes in class III patients. However, there were still limitations for changes in the chin and lower lip prominence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clarifying the accuracy of Dolphin® software in predicting soft tissue changes of orthodontic class III cases will facilitate physician-patient communication and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingchen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuqi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ao Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & the Second Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongshan Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & the Second Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Dan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Guo J, Zhang W, Han P, Fish FE, Dong H. Thrust generation and propulsive efficiency in dolphin-like swimming propulsion. Bioinspir Biomim 2023; 18:056001. [PMID: 37414002 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ace50b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Given growing interest in emulating dolphin morphology and kinematics to design high-performance underwater vehicles, the current research effort is dedicated to studying the hydrodynamics of dolphin-like oscillatory kinematics in forward propulsion. A computational fluid dynamics method is used. A realistic three-dimentional surface model of a dolphin is made with swimming kinematics reconstructed from video recording. The oscillation of the dolphin is found to enhance the attachment of the boundary layer to the posterior body, which then leads to body drag reduction. The flapping motion of the flukes is found to generate high thrust forces in both the downstroke and the upstroke, during which vortex rings are shed to produce strong thrust jets. The downstroke jets are found to be on average stronger than the upstroke jet, which then leads to net positive lift production. The flexion of the peduncle and flukes is found to be a crucial feature of dolphin-like swimming kinematics. Dolphin-inspired swimming kinematics were created by varying the flexion angle of the peduncle and flukes, which then resulted in significant performance variation. The thrust benefits and propulsive efficiency benefits are associated with a slight decrease and slight increase of the flexion of the peduncle and flukes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Guo
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States of America
| | - Pan Han
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States of America
| | - Frank E Fish
- Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, United States of America
| | - Haibo Dong
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States of America
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Coste A, Fordyce RE, Loch C. A new dolphin with tusk-like teeth from the late Oligocene of New Zealand indicates evolution of novel feeding strategies. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230873. [PMID: 37312551 PMCID: PMC10265015 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All extant toothed whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti) are aquatic mammals with homodont dentitions. Fossil evidence from the late Oligocene suggests a greater diversity of tooth forms among odontocetes, including heterodont species with a variety of tooth shapes and orientations. A new fossil dolphin from the late Oligocene of New Zealand, Nihohae matakoi gen. et sp. nov., consisting of a near complete skull, earbones, dentition and some postcranial material, represents this diverse dentition. Several preserved teeth are horizontally procumbent, including all incisors and canines. These tusk-like teeth suggest adaptive advantages for horizontally procumbent teeth in basal dolphins. Phylogenetic analysis places Nihohae among the poorly constrained basal waipatiid group, many with similarly procumbent teeth. Features of N. matakoi such as its dorsoventrally flattened and long rostrum, long mandibular symphysis, unfused cervical vertebrae, lack of attritional or occlusal wear on the teeth and thin enamel cover suggest the rostrum and horizontally procumbent teeth were used to injure and stun prey though swift lateral head movements, a feeding mode that did not persist in extant odontocetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Coste
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R. Ewan Fordyce
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Loch
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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