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Ishii M, Kato K, Ichimura K, Sakai T. The three layered structure of orbicularis oris and buccinator complex with partial connection at the modiolus and partial direct continuation. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:649-657. [PMID: 38573505 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify the structural arrangement of the orbicularis oris (OOr), the buccinator, and the other perioral muscles around the modiolus. METHODS The perioral muscles in seventeen cadavers fixed with formalin were dissected in situ and/or in isolated muscle specimens, and their layers were reconstructed schematically upon pantomographic view of the skeleton to evaluate their actions. RESULTS The buccinator was composed of three parts including upper and lower oblique parts in its superficial layer and a middle transverse part in its deep layer. The superior and inferior OOr were composed of an inner marginal part (IM) and an outer labial part (OL) in each. The perioral muscles as a whole were arranged in three layers. The first layer consisted of the depressor anguli oris and the OL of superior OOr connected at the modiolus in a vertical direction. The second layer consisted of the upper and inner oblique part of buccinator and a part of the OL of inferior OOr connected at the modiolus in a horizontal direction. The third layer contained the middle transverse part of buccinator continuous with the IM of both OOr and a part of the OL of inferior OOr without connection to the modiolus. CONCLUSIONS The different arrangement of the three layers of perioral muscles around the modiolus could serve as a good basis to predict the actions of the individual perioral muscles on the movement of lips in open/close of the oral fissure and widening/narrowing of the lip width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Ishii
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo- ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Chiba Prefecture Police Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo- ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ichimura
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo- ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sakai
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo- ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Qiao Q, Zhang L, Xie X, Bai Y, Su L. Using a structured light scanner to evaluate 3-dimensional soft-tissue changes after extracting 4 premolars in young adult female patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:80-92.e4. [PMID: 37715754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial esthetics have always received much attention in orthodontic treatment, especially in young adult female patients. Three-dimensional (3D) soft-tissue changes after orthodontic extraction have not been fully explained. This study evaluated the 3D morphologic changes after orthodontic extraction in young female patients using a structured light scanner. METHODS Forty-five adult female patients aged 20-25 years were enrolled in our study. The treatment group consisted of patients who received orthodontic treatment with 4 premolar extractions, and the control group was composed of young female volunteers who had not undergone any orthodontic treatment. To monitor the soft-tissue changes, 9 morphologic regions and 12 landmarks were identified for the 3D deviation analyses. The spatial deviations of landmarks and regions in the x, y, and z directions were constructed for quantitative analysis. Color map images were constructed to visualize soft-tissue displacement as a qualitative evaluation. The paired sample test was used to compare differences at the beginning of the experiment (T0) and after 24 months (T1) in both groups. An independent t test with Bonferroni correction was performed to compare differences between the treatment and control groups. A linear regression test was performed between incisor retraction and changes in the perioral tissues. RESULTS Subtracting the effect of aging from the lip changes in the control group, the treatment group showed a statistically significant difference in the displacement of labrale superius (-1.37 mm), labrale inferius (-1.89 mm), the upper lip region (-0.98 mm), and the lower lip region (-1.36 mm) along the z-axis. No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups in the temporal, parotideomasseteric, and buccal regions. Pearson correlation tests indicated a positive correlation between incisor tip retraction and changes in soft tissues (two-dimensional cephalometric analysis, 3D landmark measurements, and 3D regional measurements). The correlation coefficient ranged between 0.45 and 0.55. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional soft-tissue changes were mainly concentrated in the upper and lower lip regions in adult female patients after the 4 premolars were extracted. For female patients aged 20-25 years with 4 extracted premolars, soft-tissue changes in the temporal, parotideomasseteric, and buccal regions were not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Qiao
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Su
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Seo JY, Leem S, Kim H, You SW, Kim Y, Kang NG. Image-based investigation of lip aging features in a large number of Korean women. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13563. [PMID: 38196165 PMCID: PMC10776892 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lips play a significant role in shaping facial aesthetics. Due to the distinct attributes of lips in contrast to other facial skin, a unique approach is imperative for managing lip aging. We analyzed lip characteristics (morphology, wrinkles, and color) to investigate visual changes and distinctive attributes of aging lips. METHODS By utilizing image data processing methods, including facial landmark detection, pattern recognition, and color quantification, we extracted 11 lip characteristic indices (four morphological indices, four wrinkle indices, and three color indices) from high-resolution images of 1000 Korean women aged 20-69. Correlation tests were conducted to assess the relationship between lip characteristic indices and age, and also between lip morphological and wrinkle indices. RESULTS Lip height significantly decreased, while lip width and lip ratio (lip width divided by the sum of the upper and lower lip height) significantly increased with aging. Lip wrinkles significantly increased with aging, whereas lip colors (redness and yellowness) decreased. The lip wrinkle indices, which are segmented for the first time in this study, exhibited significant correlations with lip width, and three of them additionally were correlated with lip ratio (p < 0.05). The results imply such morphological changes can be associated with wrinkle formation of human lips. CONCLUSION The indices suggested in this study can be used for assessing lip aging characteristics, and the study results can contribute to deeper understanding of lip aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Seo
- Research and Innovation Center, R&D CenterLG H&HSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sangseob Leem
- Research and Innovation Center, R&D CenterLG H&HSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hanji Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, R&D CenterLG H&HSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Won You
- Research and Innovation Center, R&D CenterLG H&HSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yunkwan Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, R&D CenterLG H&HSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Nae Gyu Kang
- Research and Innovation Center, R&D CenterLG H&HSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Nam JH, Choi Y, Lee KJ, Lee JH, Kim KH, Chung CJ. Differences in the 3-dimensional aging changes of the lips among female adults with skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:516-529. [PMID: 37074244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the 3-dimensional (3D) aging changes of the lips among adult skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusion. METHODS Female adult orthodontic patients aged 20-50 years with pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were retrospectively classified according to age (20s [20-29 years], 30s [30-39 years], and 40s [40-49 years]) and then subclassified by malocclusion into skeletal Class I, II, and III relationship (9 groups; n = 30 per group). Positional differences in midsagittal and parasagittal soft-tissue landmarks and 3D morphologic aging changes of the lips were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scans. RESULTS Labiale superius and cheilion for patients in their 40s indicated a significant downward and backward position compared with those in their 20s, regardless of skeletal classifications (P <0.05). Accordingly, the upper lip height decreased, and the mouth width increased significantly (P <0.05). For Class III malocclusion, the upper lip vermilion angle was greater for patients in their 40s than those in their 20s (P <0.05), whereas the lower lip vermilion angle was only lower for patients with Class II malocclusion (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged adult females (40-49 years) had a lower upper lip height and greater mouth width than those in their 20s, regardless of skeletal malocclusion. However, prominent morphologic aging changes of the lips were noted on the upper lip for skeletal Class III malocclusion and the lower lip for skeletal Class II malocclusion, implying that the underlying skeletal features (or malocclusion) may influence 3D aging changes of the lips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Nam
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Center, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chooryung J Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Oblak I, Hren NI, Verdenik M. 3D Facial Changes Between Maximal Intercuspal Position and Physiologic Rest Position. INT J PROSTHODONT 2023; 36:395-401. [PMID: 37699179 DOI: 10.11607/ijp.7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the soft tissue changes of the face between two positions of occlusion: maximal intercuspal position (MIP) and physiologic rest position (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, facial surface scans of 83 volunteers in two mandibular positions (MIP and RP) were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. On each 3D image, 21 cephalometric soft tissue landmarks were identified and then compared using t test for various facial parameters (widths, heights, depths, angles, and ratio). Additionally, a regional analysis of the facial surface differences in each patient between the two mandibular positions was performed using a whole scan shell best-fit method and the regional forehead best-fit method. RESULTS In MIP, facial heights with the nasion-gnathion distance shortened by approximately 1.2 mm (due to the vertical shrinkage of both lips together by 0.8 mm), and the mouth width was significantly widened, while other facial widths displayed no change. The labiomental angle and the upper vermilion arch were altered correspondingly, and regional analysis confirmed the findings with evident changes in the mandibular and subnasal areas with deviations amplified toward the facial midline. CONCLUSIONS By applying 3D facial-scanning technology, this study displayed changes of facial appearance in different mandibular positions (MIP and RP), highlighting the need to instruct and monitor the patient's mandibular position more consistently to achieve accurate and repeatable data in a 3D facial analysis.
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Kroumpouzos G, Harris S, Bhargava S, Wortsman X. Complications of fillers in the lips and perioral area: Prevention, assessment, and management focusing on ultrasound guidance. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 84:656-669. [PMID: 37002059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing interest in perioral rejuvenation with dermal fillers reflects the esthetic importance of this region. However, filler injections in the lips and perioral area have been associated with various complications. Such complications are classified according to severity (mild, moderate, severe) or by the time of onset: immediate (within 24 h after injection), early (24 h to 4 weeks post-procedure), and late or delayed (>4 weeks after injection). While most complications are mild and manageable, vascular compromise, infections, and the development of delayed-onset nodules may significantly undermine the ultimate esthetic outcome and cause substantial morbidity. These more serious complications often require more invasive treatment modalities. This article details the prevention and management of such adverse events and discusses safe filler injection principles, including safety recommendations for the lips. Lastly, we highlight the use of ultrasound guidance in complication prevention (vascular mapping, filler identification, location, and extent), assessment (identification of intravascular embolus or external vascular compression by the filler implant), and management (real-time imaging of hyaluronidase or other drug injection in the affected area). Esthetic practitioners should be versed in injection anatomy, and the prevention, recognition, and management of filler complications in the perioral area.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kroumpouzos
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | - Shashank Bhargava
- Department of Dermatology, R.D. Gardi Medical College and C.R. Gardi Hospital, Ujjain, India.
| | - Ximena Wortsman
- Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues, Santiago, Chile; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Vergnaud H, Cherel M, Francois G, Charton Z, Loescher E, Caisey L, Gazano G. Lip color measurement: A new hyperspectral imaging device. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13418. [PMID: 37632193 PMCID: PMC10410235 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lips are of significant interest among the facial features for self-perception and social interactions. Such perceptions could rely in part upon the contrast in color between the lips and the surrounding skin. In contrast to skin color, lip color ethnic diversity measurement provides a challenge and is less documented in the literature, most likely due primarily to challenges in measurement based upon the lip characteristics of size and contour. Accurate measurement and reproduction of lip color are essential to build strong cross-sectional knowledge about lip color. OBJECTIVE This preliminary experiment of a large-scale project on lip and skin color was designed to assess accuracy in lip color measurement and recommend instruments and protocols for good measurement practice. METHODS The study involved 19 healthy French Caucasian women. Their inferior and superior natural lip color was measured twice with three devices in order to extract the standard colorimetric parameters of lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (h): the VISIA-CR® (high-resolution digital camera, Canfield Scientific Inc.); the spectrophotometer VS3200 (45°:0° spectrophotometer, MetaVue™ VS3200, X-Rite Inc.); and the SpectraFace® (new hyperspectral imaging system, Newtone Technologies). The intercomparison and color distribution between the different instruments and the measurement repeatability of each one were assessed. RESULTS Our results showed a reliable and equivalent repeatability for the three tested instruments. Moreover, the three tools led to the same conclusion regarding lip color heterogeneity (lighter, redder, less yellow and more saturated inferior lip versus superior lip). Agreement between the SpectraFace® and the spectrophotometer measurements was higher, and the SpectraFace® allowed to identify three separated lip color typologies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the combination of imaging technology and hyperspectral measurement makes the SpectraFace® a useful tool to investigate lip color characterization and establish a large-scale cross-sectional knowledge study about lip color.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zoé Charton
- MCI DepartmentLVMH RechercheNeuilly sur SeineFrance
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Xing K, Mei H, Feng Q, Quan S, Zhang G, Jia A, Ge H, Mei D, Li J. Accuracy in predicting soft tissue changes of orthodontic class III cases using Dolphin® software. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4531-4539. [PMID: 37285103 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prediction of posttreatment outcomes is conducive to the final determination of ideal therapeutic options. However, the prediction accuracy in orthodontic class III cases is unclear. Therefore, this study conducted exploration on prediction accuracy in orthodontic class III patients using the Dolphin® software. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, lateral cephalometric radiographs of pre- and posttreatment were collected from 28 angle class III adults who received completed non-orthognathic orthodontic therapy (8 males, 20 females; mean age = 20.89 ± 4.26 years). The values of 7 posttreatment parameters were recorded and inserted into the Dolphin® Imaging software to generate a predicted outcome, and then the prediction radiograph and actual posttreatment radiograph were superimposed and compared in terms of soft tissue parameters and landmarks. RESULTS The prediction showed significant differences with the actual outcomes in nasal prominence (the difference between the prediction and the actual value was - 0.78 ± 1.82 mm), the distance from the lower lip to the H line (0.55 ± 1.11 mm), and the distance from the lower lip to the E line (0.77 ± 1.62 mm) (p < 0.05). Point subnasale (Sn) (an accuracy of 92.86% in the horizontal direction and 100% in the vertical direction in 2 mm) and point soft tissue A (ST A) (an accuracy of 92.86% in the horizontal direction and 85.71% in the vertical direction in 2 mm) were proven to be the most accurate landmarks, while the predictions in the chin region were relatively inaccurate. Furthermore, the predictions in the vertical direction were of higher accuracy compared to the horizontal direction except for the points around the chin. CONCLUSIONS The Dolphin® software demonstrated acceptable prediction accuracy in midfacial changes in class III patients. However, there were still limitations for changes in the chin and lower lip prominence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clarifying the accuracy of Dolphin® software in predicting soft tissue changes of orthodontic class III cases will facilitate physician-patient communication and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingchen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuqi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ao Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & the Second Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongshan Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & the Second Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Dan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Houlton TMR, Jooste N, Steyn M, Hemingway J. Visualising trends in dentition to lip mouth morphology using geometric morphometrics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274127. [PMID: 36054122 PMCID: PMC9439251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear measurements taken from bony landmarks are often utilised in facial approximation (FA) to estimate and plan the placement of overlying soft tissue features. This process similarly guides craniofacial superimposition (CFS) practices. Knowledge of how hard and soft tissue features spatially relate around the mouth region is, however, limited. Geometric morphometric techniques have thus been used to investigate size and shape variation in dentition-to-lip mouth morphology in a South African population. Twenty landmarks (twelve dentition, eight lips) were digitised, using cone-beam CT images of the anterior craniofacial complex in a Frankfurt/Frankfort position, for 147 individuals aged between 20 and 75 years. Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Variate Analysis established that much shape variation exists. A two-way ANOVA identified significant (p < 0.0001) population and sex variation with mouth shape. Black individuals presented with thicker lips, with the oral fissure aligning closely to the dental occlusion. Oral fissure position for white individuals corresponded to the inferior one-quarter (females) or one-sixth (males) of the maxillary central incisor crowns. Males presented larger dimensions than females, but females had a greater lip-to-teeth height ratio than their male counterparts. A pooled within-group regression analysis assessed the effect of age on the dentition and lips and found that it had a significant (p < 0.0001) impact on mouth shape. Ageing was associated with a reduced lip and teeth height, increased mouth width, and a lowered oral fissure and cheilion placement. The generated mean shape data, with metric guides, offer a visual and numerical guide that builds on existing FA and CFS standards, enhancing our understanding of hard and soft tissue relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. R. Houlton
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolene Jooste
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maryna Steyn
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason Hemingway
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wrench A, Balch-Tomes J. Beyond the Edge: Markerless Pose Estimation of Speech Articulators from Ultrasound and Camera Images Using DeepLabCut. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22031133. [PMID: 35161879 PMCID: PMC8838804 DOI: 10.3390/s22031133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Automatic feature extraction from images of speech articulators is currently achieved by detecting edges. Here, we investigate the use of pose estimation deep neural nets with transfer learning to perform markerless estimation of speech articulator keypoints using only a few hundred hand-labelled images as training input. Midsagittal ultrasound images of the tongue, jaw, and hyoid and camera images of the lips were hand-labelled with keypoints, trained using DeepLabCut and evaluated on unseen speakers and systems. Tongue surface contours interpolated from estimated and hand-labelled keypoints produced an average mean sum of distances (MSD) of 0.93, s.d. 0.46 mm, compared with 0.96, s.d. 0.39 mm, for two human labellers, and 2.3, s.d. 1.5 mm, for the best performing edge detection algorithm. A pilot set of simultaneous electromagnetic articulography (EMA) and ultrasound recordings demonstrated partial correlation among three physical sensor positions and the corresponding estimated keypoints and requires further investigation. The accuracy of the estimating lip aperture from a camera video was high, with a mean MSD of 0.70, s.d. 0.56 mm compared with 0.57, s.d. 0.48 mm for two human labellers. DeepLabCut was found to be a fast, accurate and fully automatic method of providing unique kinematic data for tongue, hyoid, jaw, and lips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wrench
- Clinical Audiology, Speech and Language Research Centre, Queen Margaret University, Musselburgh EH21 6UU, UK
- Articulate Instruments Ltd., Musselburgh EH21 6UU, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-131-474-0000
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Cai CL, Ye NS, Yuan LJ, Wu SC, Pan GY, Fang B. [In vitro study of a new lasso device for intra-canal broken instrument removal]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2021; 30:611-617. [PMID: 35587016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To collect facial stereo images of different lip protrusion by using three dimensional surface imaging device, and investigate facial aesthetic evaluation and differences between orthodontists, general dentists and laypeople. METHODS In this study, one college student was recruited to take a three-dimensional image of the natural head and face. The software was simulated with a gradient of 2 mm to make the soft tissue lips move back and forth along the sagittal axis from the VSL line.The movement limit was 6 mm in front of and behind the VSL line. The observers included orthodontists, general dentists and laypeople. The data were analyzed with SAS 9.4 software package,visual analog scoring (VAS) was used for evaluation, and fixed-effect model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that when the lip was on the VSL line, it got the highest scores amount all three groups and had no significant difference.When the lip became protrusive or retractive, it had negative impact on facial esthetics. There were significant differences in the scores of three groups in every 2mm of lip protrusion and lip retraction(P<0.05). VAS 5 points or less were used as the unacceptable facial aesthetic score. The results showed that lip protrusion was 4 mm before the VSL line in the orthodontist group and less than 5 in the laypeople group . When the lip protruded 6mm before the VSL line and retracted 4 mm behind the VSL line, the scores of the three groups were lower than 5 points. The results also showed that male evaluation of lip protrusion 2 mm before the VSL line had a lower score than female; On the other hand, female evaluation of lip retraction behind the VSL line above 4mm had a lower score than male. CONCLUSIONS Lip position has significant effect on facial aesthetics. Different observers had significant differences in the evaluation of lip position on facial aesthetics. It is suggested that orthodontists need more communication with patients in determining the target position of orthodontic treatment to improve treatment satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Shanghai 200011, China. E-mail:
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12
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Yaqub M, Kelly B, Noble JA, Papageorghiou AT. The effect of maternal body mass index on fetal ultrasound image quality. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:200-202. [PMID: 33905743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.04.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yaqub
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda Kelly
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Alison Noble
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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Tse RW, Ettinger RE, Sitzman TJ, Mercan E. Revisiting the unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity using 3D surface image analysis: A data-driven model and its implications. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:2694-2704. [PMID: 33941472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current descriptions of the unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity (uCLND) are based upon limited sample sets and subjective observations. While those descriptions are inconsistent and contradictory, theoretical models, including Hogan's "tilted tripod" and Fisher's "nasal arch forms", have never been tested. Given that favorable outcomes of treatment remain elusive, detailed study of the deformity is critical in devising better treatments. The purpose of this study was to develop a data-driven three-dimensional (3D) model of uCLND that spans the spectrum of presentation and involves a pervasive underlying mechanism. METHODS We studied 3D images of 100 infants with unrepaired cleft lip at 6 months of age. Objective assessment included the landmark positions, anthropometric dimensions, and shape-based measures. Cleft severity was stratified by the lateral displacement of subnasale, so that a model could be developed using linear regression. RESULTS With progressive deviation of subnasale, the non-cleft alar base moved lateral, the cleft alar base was left posterior, and the nasal dorsum followed the caudal septum (deviating towards the non-cleft side). The "twist" resulted in opposing cleft alar dome collapse, non-cleft alar ring constriction (the non-cleft nasal sill narrowed, lateral genu rose, and alar-cheek junction became more acute), and displacement of the philtrum from midline. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only supports theoretical models of uCLND but also clarifies vectors of change and reveals significant non-cleft side alterations. On the basis of our findings, the objectives of treatment should involve centralization of the columella and philtrum and rebalancing the nose by untwisting the orthogonal displacement of the alar bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W Tse
- Division of Craniofacial and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Russell E Ettinger
- Division of Craniofacial and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Sitzman
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ezgi Mercan
- Division of Craniofacial and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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Andijani RI, Paramitha V, Guo X, Deguchi T, Tatakis DN. Lip repositioning surgery for gummy smile: 6-month clinical and radiographic lip dimensional changes. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5907-5915. [PMID: 33745100 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present case series aimed to examine lip repositioning surgery (LRS) outcomes related to changes in external and internal upper lip (UL) dimensions, utilizing both conventional clinical and novel radiographic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients (n = 13) diagnosed with hypermobile UL (>8-mm mobility during smile) and excessive gingival display (≥4-mm) were included and assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Clinical parameters at rest included total lip and internal lip length (vestibular depth). At maximum smile included total lip, philtrum (ergotrid), and vermilion lengths. Cephalometric parameters included anterior maxillary height; lip length; nasolabial angle; anteroposterior lip thickness; internal lip length (vestibular depth); and vestibular fornix position (using novel approach employing radiopaque marker). Linear mixed-effect models, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS LRS did not affect total UL length at rest (p = 0.418). It resulted in significant internal UL length decrease (-3.8 ± 2.1 mm, p < 0.001) and significant increases of vermilion length (1.9 ± 1.0 mm, p < 0.001) and anteroposterior lip thickness (0.7 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.002). The clinical and radiographic measurements of total UL length at rest (r ≥ 0.734) and of internal UL length (r ≥ 0.737), and the two radiographic assessments of vestibular depth (r = 0.842), were strongly correlated. CONCLUSIONS LRS resulted in significant decrease of vestibular depth/internal UL length and in significant increases of UL vertical vermilion length and UL anteroposterior thickness, without affecting total UL length at rest. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The documented lip dimensional outcomes should help practitioners when treatment-planning LRS and counseling patients seeking treatment for hypermobile UL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Andijani
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dentistry Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vanessa Paramitha
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Toru Deguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Xu W, Tan H, Meng X, Ming Y, Wang T, Zheng L. Three-dimensional analysis of lip soft tissue changes and related jaw changes in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. J Xray Sci Technol 2021; 29:903-916. [PMID: 34151882 DOI: 10.3233/xst-210903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate three-dimensional soft tissue changes of lips and related jaw changes in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). METHOD This study included 46 CBCT scans of patients with aforementioned character before (T1) and 6-12 months after orthognathic surgery (T2). Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to two types of orthognathic surgery namely, the one-jaw surgery group who underwent bilateral sagittal splint ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and the two-jaw surgery group who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and BSSRO. Mimics 19.0 software are used for model reconstruction, landmark location and three-dimensional cephalometric analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses are used to investigate jaw hard tissue and lip soft tissue changes. RESULTS In one-jaw group, the mandible shows changes in contour and position (p < 0.05), and the surgery causes changes of lip structure on the deviated side. While in two-jaw group, jaws only show changes in spatial position, and surgery changes contour of bilateral lips and nasolabial angle (p < 0.05). At the same time, lip symmetry increases significantly in both groups postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Orthognathic surgery can improve lip aesthetics in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. However, changes induced by two surgical approaches are different. Surgeons should have a clear acquaintance with this difference to deal with different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehuan Meng
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Ming
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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邱 天, 刘 筱, 薛 竹, 李 自. [Evaluation of the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions in normal persons using dynamic stereophotogrammetric system]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 52:1107-1111. [PMID: 33331322 PMCID: PMC7745277 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions (smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, cheek puff) in normal persons using dynamic three-dimensional (3D) imaging and provide reference data for future research. METHODS In this study, 15 adults (7 males and 8 females) without facial asymmetry and facial nerve dysfunction were recruited. Each participant was seated upright in front of the 3D imaging system in natural head position. The whole face could be captured in all six cameras. The dynamic 3D system captured 60 3D images per second. Four facial expressions were included: smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, and cheek puff. Before starting, we instructed the subjects to make facial expressions to develop muscle memory. During recording, each facial expression took about 3 to 4 seconds. At least 1 week later, the procedure was repeated. The rest position (T0) was considered as the base frame. The first quartile of expressions (T1), just after reaching the maximum state of expressions (T2), just before the end of maximum state of expressions (T3), the third quartile of expressions (T4), and the end of motion (T5) were selected as key frames. Using the stable part of face such as forehead, each key frame (T1-T5) of the different expressions was aligned on the corresponding frame at rest (T0). The root mean square (RMS) between each key frame and its corresponding frame at rest were calculated. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was applied to assess statistical differences between the corresponding frames of the different facial expressions. RESULTS Facial expressions like smile lips closed, smile lips open, and cheek puff were reproducible. Lip purse was not reproducible. The statistically significant differences were found on the T2 frame of the repeated lip purse movement. CONCLUSION The dynamic 3D imaging can be used to evaluate the reproducibility of facial expressions. Compared with the qualitative analysis and two-dimensions analysis, dynamic 3D images can be able to more truly represent the facial expressions which make the research more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- 天成 邱
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 筱菁 刘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 竹林 薛
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 自力 李
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Ferro F, Izzetti R, Vitali S, Aringhieri G, Fonzetti S, Donati V, Dini V, Mosca M, Gabriele M, Caramella D, Baldini C. Ultra-high frequency ultrasonography of labial glands is a highly sensitive tool for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome: a preliminary study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020; 38 Suppl 126:210-215. [PMID: 33095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultra-high frequency ultrasonography (UHFUS) has been recently introduced in oral medicine due to its ability to image small anatomical structures including labial salivary glands (LSG). To date no ultrasonography morphological studies of labial salivary glands (LSG) have been carried out in SS. In this pilot study we aimed at analysing the distribution of UHFUS findings in LSG of patients with suspected SS, focusing in particular on the association with patients' oral dysfunction, antibody profiles and histopathology. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing a LSG biopsy for clinically suspected SS were included in this study between January 2018 and January 2020. Intraoral UHFUS scan of the lip mucosa was performed with Vevo MD equipment, using a 70 MHz probe with a standardised protocol. LSG were assessed by using a four-grade semiquantitative scoring system (0-3), similar to the OMERACT scoring system used for major salivary glands. The distribution of UHFUS grades was compared in patients stratified according their final diagnosis, patients antibody profiles and LSG histopathology. RESULTS We included 128 patients with suspected SS: out of them, 54 (42.2%) received a final diagnosis of SS, made according to the ACR 2016 criteria and 74 (57.8%) were diagnosed as no-SS sicca controls. We found that LSG inhomogeneity was significantly greater in patients with SS than in no-SS subjects (p<0.0001). We also found that higher UHFUS pattern of inhomogeneity (i.e. grade 2 and 3) were significantly more frequent in both SSA+/SSB- and SSA+/SSB+ patients (p=0.001). A normal UHFUS pattern, by contrast, was significantly more common in SSA-/SSB- subjects (i.e. 15/83 (18.1%) vs. 1/33 (3%) vs. 0/12 (0%), p=0.001). Finally, LSG inhomogeneity was significantly associated with both the number of foci (p<0.001) and focus score (p<0.001). Particularly, we found that both the number of foci and the FS were significantly higher in patients presenting a UHFUS grading of 2 and 3 with respect to those presenting a UHFUS grading of 0 and 1 (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study demonstrates the optimal feasibility of UHFUS and its high sensitivity in identifying negative patients on subsequent lip biopsy, thus avoiding invasive procedures in selected cases. Further studies are in progress to define the clinical and predictive role of the various patterns observed and their added value with respect to traditional salivary gland ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferro
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Izzetti
- Dentistry and Oral surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saverio Vitali
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aringhieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Fonzetti
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Donati
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Mosca
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Gabriele
- Dentistry and Oral surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Caramella
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
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Xu K, Zhao J, Zhu B, Zhao C. Predicting ultrasound tongue image from lip images using sequence to sequence learning. J Acoust Soc Am 2020; 147:EL441. [PMID: 32611167 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic system that produces speech is essential to advancing speech science, and several simultaneous sensory streams can be leveraged to describe the process. As the tongue functional deformation correlates with the lip's shapes of the speaker, this paper aims to explore the association between them. The problem is formulated as a sequence to sequence learning task and a deep neural network is trained using unlabeled lip videos to predict an upcoming ultrasound tongue image sequence. Experimental results show that the machine learning model can predict the tongue's motion with satisfactory performance, which demonstrates that the learned neural network can build the association between two imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kele Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jianqiao Zhao
- School of Computer, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Boqing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Chaojie Zhao
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, , , ,
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Draelos ZD, Rigel D, Friedman A. Development of a Photonumeric Lip Health Scale. J Drugs Dermatol 2020; 19:632-636. [PMID: 32574022 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.2020.10.36849/jdd.2020.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lips are important facial anatomic features with particular vulnerability to environmental damage, yet they have received little attention in the dermatologic literature. A photonumeric rating scale for clinically assessing lip heath is needed to advance lip research. OBJECTIVE To develop a photonumeric lip health assessment scale for clinical use that can evaluate the efficacy of products for improving lip health. METHODS The VISIA®-CR 4.3 system was used to photograph the frontal face of 103 subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III exhibiting a range of lip health status based on the key characteristics of lip shine, texture, and vermilion border. An expert panel comprising 3 dermatologists independently rated the images based on the proposed rating scale. Images with ≥75% rater agreement were redistributed to the panel for selecting the final images and verification of the final scale. RESULTS The panel selected 15 images for the final scale: 5 for each of the key characteristics (lip shine, texture, and vermilion border) and 1 for each ordinal rating of 0–5 within a characteristic (eg, 0=very shiny, 5=very dull). All of these images achieved 100% agreement among the raters. CONCLUSION This scale provides healthcare professionals and researchers a way to evaluate current lip health, track improvement, and evaluate the efficacy of treatments. It can be used to communicate with patients during discussions about lip conditions, recommending treatments, and setting goals. The scale also provides a research tool to evaluate different formulations for developing lip care products. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(6): doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5139.
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Alnami A, AlJasser MI. Differentiating normal lip fluorescence from vitiligo under Wood's light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 82:e1. [PMID: 31112728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alnami
- Division of Dermatology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Dermatology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I AlJasser
- Division of Dermatology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Contaldo M, Lajolo C, Di Petrillo M, Ballini A, Inchingolo F, Serpico R, Romano A. Analysis of lip pigmentations by reflectance confocal microscopy: report of two cases. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:19-25. DENTAL SUPPLEMENT. [PMID: 31538446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosa pigmentations belong to a heterogeneous variety of lesions, which are usually divided into two groups: exogenous or endogenous pigmentations. The pigmented lesions most frequently found in the oral mucosa are the amalgam tattoo, the melanotic macula and the nevus. All these lesions may affect every part of the oral mucosa, and they may represent a hard diagnostic challenge for the clinician; the clinical objective examination is not sufficient to make a correct diagnosis. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy provides a real-time microscopic evaluation of tissue layers, and is widely considered a useful auxiliary tool in monitoring skin and mucosa lesions. In this context, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy imaging is a valid aid in the management of oral mucosa pigmented lesions, to corroborate and support the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - C Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli -IRCCS", School of Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - M Di Petrillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Ballini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - F Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands. Sialolithiasis usually develops in the major salivary glands, and rarely in the minor salivary glands, with only 2% of all cases of sialolithiasis occurring in the minor salivary glands and sublingual glands. Sialoliths in the minor salivary glands result in few or no clinical symptoms and are seldom identified on imaging. CASE PRESENTATION We report herein our experience with a case of minor salivary gland sialolithiasis in a 67-year-old woman. On examination, an elastic soft, mobile, and well-circumscribed mass was palpable within the left upper lip. Ultrasound examination revealed a hypoechoic mass with heterogeneous internal echoes. The mass was excised under local anesthesia. Based on histopathological findings, a diagnosis of minor salivary gland sialolithiasis was established. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of minor salivary gland sialolithiasis is challenging due to the difficulty of detecting sialoliths on imaging. A well-circumscribed mass was detected in the upper lip, and ultrasound examination revealed a round lesion, raising the suspicion of a benign tumor. Other diseases that can develop at the upper lip are calcified lymph node, phlebolith, fibroma, pleomorphic adenoma, myxoma, vascular malformation, salivary gland tumor, non-specific sialadenitis, and malignant tumor. Surgical excision is the favored approach for confirming a diagnosis of intramucosal nodular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Abe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, 4-66 Syounen-cho, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-8502 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kurita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, 4-66 Syounen-cho, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-8502 Japan
| | - Masashi Minagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, 4-66 Syounen-cho, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-8502 Japan
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Li H, Cao T, Zhou H, Hou Y. Lip position analysis of young women with different skeletal patterns during posed smiling using 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:64-70. [PMID: 30591168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the internal relationship between posed smile characteristics, lip position, and skeletal patterns in young women. METHODS Fifty women between the ages of 20 and 30 years were enrolled and divided into 3 groups-vertical, average, and horizontal patterns- using the following parameters: FMA, GoGn-SN, and Jarabak ratio. Each subject was scanned in natural head position and with a posed smile. The interlabial gap, intercommissural width, and smile index were calculated. The frontal region was selected as the reference plane for superimpositions. The changes of the lip landmarks in the vertical, sagittal, and coronal directions were investigated. RESULTS The smile indexes were listed in the following sequence: vertical < average < horizontal. Significant differences were found in the interlabial gap among the 3 groups. Compared with the average and horizontal groups, the upper lip landmarks of the vertical group showed differences and changed more only in the vertical direction. However, the lower lip landmark showed no differences in any direction. CONCLUSIONS Different skeletal patterns have characteristic smile features. The vertical skeletal pattern affects upper lip movements because there is more space for upper-lip elevation. However, the vertical skeletal pattern has no effect on lower lip movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Li
- Department of Orthodontics and Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Troeltzsch M, Bröcker I, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S. Surgical Correction of Double Upper Lip Deformities Without Mucosal Excision: A Transvestibular Approach. INT J PERIODONT REST 2018; 39:49-54. [PMID: 30543726 DOI: 10.11607/prd.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Double lip is a rare deformity that mainly affects the upper lip. The typical clinical image involves bilateral mucosal pads separated by a central groove that appear superimposed over the maxillary incisors. The deformity is rather noticeable and esthetically disturbing. Most cases of double lip are congenital, but syndromic appearance of double lip has been described. Surgical reduction of the tissue surplus is the treatment method of choice. The literature suggests excision of excess mucosa and the underlying tissues to correct double upper lip. This report discusses the advantages and pitfalls of resective techniques and suggests a novel, mucosa-sparing, transvestibular approach to correct double upper lip.
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Malheiros AS, Brito AC, Gurgel JDA, Bandeca MC, Borges AH, Hayashida TM, Filho EM, Tavarez RRDJ. Dentogingival Alterations and Their Influence on Facial and Smile Attractiveness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:1322-1328. [PMID: 30602635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the influence of labial and dentogingival characteristics on facial and smile attractiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different close-up photographs each of six women models with different labial and dentogin-gival characteristics were obtained. One of the models was considered standard. Photographs were arranged in an album were evaluated by 100 laypersons, and 30 dentists who ranked each close-up of the models from according to the degree of attractiveness from first to sixth place, with first being the model considered most attractive and justified the reasons for choosing. RESULTS The standard model received the best scores for both lips (7.75) and face (5.18). Medium-sized lips were preferred (p < 0.05), and the smile positively or negatively interfered with esthetic perception depending on the dentogingival alteration present. Diastema was the alteration that had the greatest negative influence. CONCLUSION Not all dentogingival alterations interfere with esthetic evaluation. The lips are not decisive in facial attractiveness. Attraction is assessed significantly differently by laypeople than by dentists. The smile directly influences the analysis of facial beauty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dentogingival alterations may be imperceptible, especially when evaluating the facial joint, so its correction will not always be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Malheiros
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Anna C Brito
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Júlio De A Gurgel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Bandeca
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alvaro H Borges
- Department of Integrated Dental Science, University of Cuiaba (UNIC), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Twigg Md Hayashida
- Department of Integrated Dental Science, University of Cuiaba (UNIC), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Etevaldo Mm Filho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rudys R De J Tavarez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, Phone: +55 98 3214 4127, e-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous lake (VL) is a common vascular tumor occurring on the lips in the elderly. VL is sometimes difficult to distinguish from melanotic lesions such as labial melanotic macule (LMM) or oral malignant melanoma. However, the dermoscopic features of VL have not been sufficiently established in the literature. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at investigating the dermoscopic features of VL on the lips, and to compare the dermoscopic features of VL with those of LMM. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the dermoscopic findings of histopathologically proven cases of VL and LMM. RESULTS The structureless pattern (78.6%) and globules/clods (42.9%) were the common patterns in VL cases. Purple was the most frequent color (78.6%), followed by red (42.9%) and blue (42.9%). The structureless pattern (p = 0.003) and the colors purple (p = 0.000), red (p = 0.003), and blue (p = 0.018) were significantly more common in VL than in LMM. In contrast, lines (p = 0.000) and dots (p = 0.044) as patterns, and brown (p = 0.000) and gray (p = 0.044) colors were significantly more frequent in LMM. White structures were more common in VL than in LMM (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Structureless patterns or globules/clods with purple, red, or blue coloration can be useful findings when differentiating VLs from LMM on dermoscopy. Therefore, dermoscopic evaluation is a helpful noninvasive ancillary tool in the diagnosis of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Su Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Ho Mun
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Ventura W, Novoa RH, Lazarte-Rantes CI, Castillo-Urquiaga W, Zárate-Girao M, Hernandez-Mansilla C, Ingar-Pinedo J. Tracheal dilatation as sign of fetal airway obstruction in case of oral cavity tumor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:119-120. [PMID: 29057518 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Ventura
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Miroquesada 941, Lima 1, Peru
| | - R H Novoa
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Miroquesada 941, Lima 1, Peru
| | - C I Lazarte-Rantes
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - W Castillo-Urquiaga
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Miroquesada 941, Lima 1, Peru
| | - M Zárate-Girao
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Miroquesada 941, Lima 1, Peru
| | | | - J Ingar-Pinedo
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Miroquesada 941, Lima 1, Peru
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Abstract
Medical and dental histories, clinical examination, study models, and photographs provide the data for a proper diagnosis and the treatment plan for esthetic dentistry. However, they do not offer all the information necessary to analyze the smile and create harmony with the lips and face without excessive intraoral adjustments. Dentolabial parameters vary according to lip dynamics and are influenced by both a static posed smile and a smile in motion as captured in video. This article describes a documentation protocol using smartphone videos to improve the analysis, smile design decisions, and elaboration of a 2D smile frame that will guide the 3D digital smile design project. The use of dynamic documentation of the smile (DDS) allows esthetic rehabilitative planning from a facial perspective, improvement of communication with the patient, integration between the specialists, and the predictable quality of the treatments.
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29
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Lupu M, Căruntu A, Moraru L, Voiculescu VM, Boda D, Tănase C, Căruntu C. Non-invasive imaging techniques for early diagnosis of radiation-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2018; 59:949-953. [PMID: 30534839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation was used in the past for treatment of several benign cutaneous conditions, and particularly hemangiomas. Even though radiotherapy was generally effective, it significantly augmented the risk for malignancies, resulting in a consequent heavy decline of its use for benign conditions. However, radiation-induced neoplasia is still encountered in adult patients irradiated during childhood or adolescence. We report a case of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma developing on the lower lip of a 59-year-old woman who had previously undergone local radiotherapy for a hemangioma, in which the use of non-invasive imaging techniques such as in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy allowed an early diagnosis and a prompt, effective treatment. Owing to its capability of assessing microscopic features of dysplasia and neoplastic changes, RCM in combination with dermoscopy may provide an invaluable tool for early detection of malignant changes in previously irradiated cutaneous and mucosal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lupu
- "Victor Babeş" National Institute for Research and Development in Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania;
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van Hees NJM, Thijssen JM, Huyskens RW, Weijers G, Nillesen MM, de Korte CL, Katsaros C. Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging of Healthy and Reconstructed Cleft Lip: A Feasibility Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 44:261-8. [PMID: 17477756 DOI: 10.1597/06-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of echographic imaging of healthy and reconstructed cleft lip and to estimate tissue dimensions and normalized echo level. Methods: Echographic images of the upper lip were made on three healthy subjects and two patients using a linear array transducer (7 to 11 MHz bandwidth) and a noncontact gel coupling. Tissue dimensions were measured using calipers. Echo levels were calibrated and were corrected for beam characteristics, gel path, and tissue attenuation using a tissue-mimicking phantom. Results: At the central position of the philtrum, mean thickness (SD) of lip loose connective tissue layer, orbicularis oris muscle, and dense connective layer was 4.0 (0.1) mm, 2.3 (0.7) mm, and 2.2 (0.7) mm, respectively, in healthy lip at rest; and 4.1 (0.9) mm, 3.8 (1.7) mm, and 2.6 (0.6) mm, respectively, in contracted lip. Mean (SD) echo level of muscle and dense connective tissue layer with respect to echo level of lip loose connective tissue layer was −19.3 (0.6) dB and −10.7 (4.0) dB, respectively, in relaxed condition and −20.7 (1.5) dB and −7.7 (2.3) dB, respectively, in contracted state. Color mode echo images were calculated, showing lip tissues in separate colors and highlighting details like discontinuity of the orbicularis oris muscle and presence of scar tissue. Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of thickness and echo level of various lip tissues is feasible after proper echographic equipment calibration. Diagnostic potentials of this method for noninvasive evaluation of cleft lip reconstruction outcome are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J M van Hees
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Iltis PW, Frahm J, Voit D, Joseph A, Altenmüller E, Miller A. Movements of the Tongue during Lip Trills in Horn Players: Real-Time MRI Insights. Med Probl Perform Art 2017; 32:209-214. [PMID: 29231954 DOI: 10.21091/mppa.2017.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Movements inside the oral cavity during lip trilling in horn-playing are poorly understood and controversial, particularly with respect to pedagogy. Developments in real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allow representations of oral cavity movement during lip trill performance on a MRI-compatible horn to be recorded and quantified. METHODS We present RT-MRI data on 11 highly skilled horn players obtained from serial images acquired at acquisition times of 33.3, 18.2, and 10.0 ms (i.e., at 30, 55 and 100 frames/sec) as they performed sixteenth note, whole-step trills between Eb4 and F4 (concert pitch) at two tempos, ~60 bpm and as fast as possible. RESULTS For fast trilling (mean speed 178.3±24.7 bpm), 7 of 11 subjects exclusively utilized a tongue movement strategy, 3 used both a tongue and jaw strategy, and 1 exclusively used a jaw strategy. For trilling at ~60 bpm, all 11 subjects used a tongue movement strategy. CONCLUSIONS We suggest using these movement strategies in teaching whole-step trills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Iltis
- Dep. of Kinesiology, 255 Grapevine Rd., Gordon College, Wenham, MA 01984, USA. Tel: 978-867-4088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Diep
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Kartik Dandu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Steven M Shulman
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Di Stasio D, Lauritano D, Paparella R, Franco R, Montella M, Serpico R, Lucchese A. Ultrasound imaging of oral fibroma: a case report. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:23-26. [PMID: 28691450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is constantly under the influence of various internal and external stimuli, therefore it is interested by a range of developmental disorders, irritation, inflammation, and neoplastic conditions. Traumatic fibroma is one of these lesions. The aim of this work is to obtain an ultrasound characterization of a lip fibroma with a high frequency probe (8-18 MHz) as feasibility and experimental model of this non-invasive technique in the oral mucosa compared with its histo-pathological section. Ultrasound characterization of a fibroma in a 50-year-old patient in the right retro commissural area of mucosa was performed. The ultrasound images were compared with its histological image. Fibroma is a traumatic lesion clinically recognizable and with a complex and well-defined histopathology structure. Although further investigations are necessary to determine the potential of ultrasonographic images as an aid in the diagnosis of oral lesions, this case report might be a model for ultrasound imaging compared with its histological section.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - R Paparella
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - R Franco
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - M Montella
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - R Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Iltis PW, Gillespie SL, Frahm J, Voit D, Joseph A, Altenmüller E. Movements of the Glottis During Horn Performance: A Pilot Study. Med Probl Perform Art 2017; 32:33-39. [PMID: 28282477 DOI: 10.21091/mppa.2017.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The functional role of the glottis in brass performance is poorly understood and controversial, particularly with respect to pedagogy. Technological limitations have prevented the non-invasive, systematic study of the glottis in the past, but developments in real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allow representations of glottal movement during performance on a MRI-compatible horn to be recorded and quantified. METHODS We present RT-MRI data obtained on 6 advanced-level horn players from serial images acquired at an acquisition time of 33.3 ms as they performed sustained note exercises on three notes (concert Eb2, Eb4, and Bb4) at each of three dynamics (pp, mf, and ff) and a staccato exercise. An advanced-level trumpet player was also studied performing a modification of the staccato exercise designed to minimize vertical movement of the larynx. Glottal movements and positions in the coronal plane were analyzed using a customized MATLAB toolkit. RESULTS In sustained note playing, there is a significant influence of dynamic on the degree of glottal adduction/abduction. There is greater adduction with softer notes, and greater abduction with louder notes. In slow staccato playing, glottal closure accompanies the cessation of each note and persists until iteration of the next note in the sequence. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that RT-MRI provides a suitable method to identify and quantify glottal movement during horn playing. We further show that there is a direct relationship between dynamic level and glottal adduction/abduction, and that the glottis is involved in performing notes during slow staccato playing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Iltis
- Dep. of Kinesiology, Gordon College, 225 Grapevine Rd., Wenham, MA 01984, USA. Tel: 978-867-4088.
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Szmidt M, Górski M, Barczak K, Buczkowska-Radlińska J. Direct Resin Composite Restoration of Maxillary Central Incisors with Fractured Tooth Fragment Reattachment: Case Report. INT J PERIODONT REST 2017; 37:249-253. [PMID: 28196166 DOI: 10.11607/prd.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a clinical protocol to reconstruct two accidentally damaged maxillary central incisors using composite resin material and a fractured tooth component. A patient was referred to the clinic with fracture of the two maxillary central incisors. Clinical examination revealed that both teeth were fractured in the middle third of the crown and that the fractures involved enamel and dentin with no pulp exposure. The patient had also suffered a lower lip laceration. When the lip was evaluated, a fractured fragment of the maxillary right central incisor was found inside the wound. The missing part of the tooth was replaced via adhesive attachment. Due to the damage of the fractured part of the maxillary left central incisor, direct composite restoration of this tooth was performed. With the advent of adhesive dentistry, the process of fragment reattachment has become simplified and more reliable. This procedure provides improved function, is faster to perform, and provides long-lasting effects, indicating that reattachment of a coronal fragment is a realistic alternative to placement of conventional resin composite restorations.
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Pietruski P, Majak M, Debski T, Antoszewski B. A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 1: General concept and validation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:491-504. [PMID: 28238558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The need for a widely accepted method suitable for a multicentre quantitative evaluation of facial aesthetics after surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) has been emphasized for years. The aim of this study was to validate a novel computer system 'Analyse It Doc' (A.I.D.) as a tool for objective anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS An indirect anthropometric analysis of facial photographs was conducted with the A.I.D. system and Adobe Photoshop/ImageJ software. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and the time required for the analysis were estimated separately for each method and compared. RESULTS Analysis with A.I.D. system was nearly 10-fold faster than that with the reference evaluation method. The A.I.D. system provided strong inter-rater and intra-rater correlations for linear, angular and area measurements of the nasolabial region, as well as a significantly higher accuracy and reproducibility of angular measurements in submental view. No statistically significant inter-method differences were found for other measurements. CONCLUSIONS The hereby presented novel computer system is suitable for simple, time-efficient and reliable multicenter photogrammetric analyses of the nasolabial region in CLP patients and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Debski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Antoszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
The aim of this article is to present a rare case of myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. Myiasis is a disease caused by invasion of tissues of animals and humans by larval stages of dipterous (2-winged) flies. There are few reports of oral myiasis in the literature, mostly related to Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with painful swelling of the left lower lip that was confirmed to be myiasis caused by D. hominis. Though more common in tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, myiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous masses among residents or travelers in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Meurer
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil, Phone: +554837219492, e-mail:
| | - Liliane J Grando
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elena Rc Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ecp Souza
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Carlos B Marcondes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Ménard L, Perrier P, Aubin J. Compensation for a lip-tube perturbation in 4-year-olds: Articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual data analyzed in comparison with adults. J Acoust Soc Am 2016; 139:2514. [PMID: 27250147 DOI: 10.1121/1.4945718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the speech goal in children was investigated in a study of compensation strategies for a lip-tube perturbation. Acoustic, articulatory, and perceptual analyses of the vowels /y/ and /u/ produced by ten 4-year-old French speakers and ten adult French speakers were conducted under two conditions: normal and with a large tube inserted between the lips. Ultrasound and acoustic recordings of isolated vowels were made in the normal condition before any perturbation, for each of the trials in the perturbed condition, and in the normal condition after the perturbed trials. Data revealed that adult participants moved their tongues in the perturbed condition more than children did. The perturbation was generally at least partly compensated for during the perturbed trials in adults, but children did not show a typical learning effect. In particular, unsystematic improvements were observed during the sequence of perturbed trials, and after-effects were not clear in the articulatory domain. This suggests that children may establish associative links between multisensory phonemic representations and articulatory maneuvers, but those links may mainly rely on trial-to-trial, error-based feedback correction mechanisms rather than on the internal model of the speech production apparatus, as they are in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ménard
- Laboratoire de phonétique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Linguistics, Center for Research on Brain, Language, and Music 320, Sainte-Catherine East, Montréal, H2X 1L7, Canada
| | - Pascal Perrier
- GIPSA-Lab, Département Parole et Cognition, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Aubin
- Laboratoire de phonétique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Linguistics, Center for Research on Brain, Language, and Music 320, Sainte-Catherine East, Montréal, H2X 1L7, Canada
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Arnela M, Blandin R, Dabbaghchian S, Guasch O, Alías F, Pelorson X, Van Hirtum A, Engwall O. Influence of lips on the production of vowels based on finite element simulations and experiments. J Acoust Soc Am 2016; 139:2852. [PMID: 27250177 DOI: 10.1121/1.4950698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) numerical approaches for voice production are currently being investigated and developed. Radiation losses produced when sound waves emanate from the mouth aperture are one of the key aspects to be modeled. When doing so, the lips are usually removed from the vocal tract geometry in order to impose a radiation impedance on a closed cross-section, which speeds up the numerical simulations compared to free-field radiation solutions. However, lips may play a significant role. In this work, the lips' effects on vowel sounds are investigated by using 3-D vocal tract geometries generated from magnetic resonance imaging. To this aim, two configurations for the vocal tract exit are considered: with lips and without lips. The acoustic behavior of each is analyzed and compared by means of time-domain finite element simulations that allow free-field wave propagation and experiments performed using 3-D-printed mechanical replicas. The results show that the lips should be included in order to correctly model vocal tract acoustics not only at high frequencies, as commonly accepted, but also in the low frequency range below 4 kHz, where plane wave propagation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Arnela
- GTM-Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Quatre Camins 30, Barcelona, E-08022, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rémi Blandin
- GIPSA-Lab, Unité Mixte de Recherche au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5216, Grenoble Campus, St. Martin d'Heres, F-38402, France
| | - Saeed Dabbaghchian
- Department of Speech, Music and Hearing, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oriol Guasch
- GTM-Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Quatre Camins 30, Barcelona, E-08022, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Alías
- GTM-Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Quatre Camins 30, Barcelona, E-08022, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Pelorson
- GIPSA-Lab, Unité Mixte de Recherche au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5216, Grenoble Campus, St. Martin d'Heres, F-38402, France
| | - Annemie Van Hirtum
- GIPSA-Lab, Unité Mixte de Recherche au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5216, Grenoble Campus, St. Martin d'Heres, F-38402, France
| | - Olov Engwall
- Department of Speech, Music and Hearing, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ullah R, Turner PJ, Khambay BS. Accuracy of three-dimensional soft tissue predictions in orthognathic surgery after Le Fort I advancement osteotomies. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 53:153-7. [PMID: 25432431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of postoperative facial appearance after orthognathic surgery can be used for communication, managing patients' expectations,avoiding postoperative dissatisfaction and exploring different treatment options. We have assessed the accuracy of 3dMD Vultus in predicting the final 3-dimensional soft tissue facial morphology after Le Fort I advancement osteotomy. We retrospectively studied 13 patients who were treated with a Le Fort I advancement osteotomy alone. We used routine cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) images taken immediately before and a minimum of 6 months after operation, and 3dMD Vultus to virtually reposition the preoperative maxilla and mandible in their post operative positions to generate a prediction of what the soft tissue would look like. Segmented anatomical areas of the predicted mesh were then compared with the actual soft tissue. The means of the absolute distance between the 90th percentile of the mesh points for each region were calculated, and a one-sample Student's t test was used to calculate if the difference differed significantly from 3 mm.The differences in the mean absolute distances between the actual soft tissue and the prediction were significantly below 3 mm for all segmented anatomical areas (p < 0.001), and ranged from 0.65 mm (chin) to 1.17 mm (upper lip). 3dMD Vultus produces clinically satisfactory 3-dimensional facial soft tissue predictions after Le Fort I advancement osteotomy. The mass-spring model for prediction seems to be able to predict the position of the lip and chin, but its ability to predict nasal and paranasal areas could be improved.
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Rotten D, Levaillant JM, Benouaiche L, Nicot R, Couly G. Visualization of fetal lips and palate using a surface-rendered oropalatal (SROP) view in fetuses with normal palate or orofacial cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47:244-246. [PMID: 26180023 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Rotten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Delafontaine General Hospital, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - L Benouaiche
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Antony Private Hospital, Antony, France
| | - R Nicot
- Centre for Woman and Fetal Imaging, Créteil, France
| | - G Couly
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Facial expressions are communicative motor outputs, whose kinematics likely are due to musculoskeletal anatomy, neuromotor activity and the well-being and internal states of the individual. However, little has been published on the kinematics of facial expression. This study quantified lip, eye and cheek movements during the production of a Duchenne smile involving movement of lips and tissues surrounding the eyes. DESIGN The three-dimensional positions of 20 markers placed around the eyes, cheeks, lips and chins of 24 young adult female subjects were digitized while they performed smiles after practicing to feedback from an investigator trained in the facial action coding system (FACS). Displacement, velocity and acceleration variables were extracted and analyzed from the markers. RESULTS Results demonstrated several consistencies across subjects including: (1) relatively high peak velocities, accelerations and displacements for lip and cheek markers in the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions, (2) relatively large movements of the lower lateral eye region compared with other eye regions. CONCLUSION The results indicate that there is significant movement in the anteroposterior dimension that is not observable in frontal views of the face alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jaffer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - E Ichesco
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr. Lobby M, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - G E Gerstner
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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Abstract
Kimura’s disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology; with a predilection in the head and neck region. However, the involvement of the lip and epiglottis is extremely rare, and poses a diagnostic challenge. Here, we report a case of a 32-year-old Saudi male presenting with lip mass and epiglottic swelling without any history of hoarse voice or airway compromise. Serology showed elevated immunoglobulin E levels, and histopathological examination of biopsied lesions revealed well-developed lymphoid follicles with eosinophilic infiltration confirming Kimura’s disease. At the time of last follow-up, his condition was satisfactory without any signs of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi A Fatani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasolabial angle is the angle that is measured between points columella, subnasale and labiale superius. The reference values vary from 90 to 120 degrees (the mean value is 109.8 degrees). In some disorders, nasolabial angle might change. This influences the facial profile. One of such deformities are clefts. The nasolabial angle might be decreased in cleft patients due to deformation of the nose and upper lip that might be caused by the reconstructive surgical procedures performed. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the nasolabial angle between the groups of patients with total clefts of the lip, alveolar bone and palate and healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cephalometric X-rays of 118 patients with clefts (73 boys and 45 girls) and 101 healthy individuals (32 boys and 69 girls) were taken into account to measure nasolabial angle and compared. RESULTS In patients with cleft deformities, the nasolabial angle values were smaller than in healthy individuals. Among the patients with clefts, the ones with a bilateral type of deformity are characterized by the highest mean values of nasolabial angle. The angle is smaller in groups of girls when compared to boys. CONCLUSIONS Nasolabial angle in patients with total clefts of lip, alveolar bone and palate is statistically smaller than in healthy individuals. This might be a result of either the deformation of the upper lip or (more probably) the nose. The orthodontic treatment should be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Paradowska-Stolarz
- Department of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Beata Kawala
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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Abstract
This is an acoustic and articulatory study of Canadian French rhotic vowels, i.e., mid front rounded vowels /ø œ̃ œ/ produced with a rhotic perceptual quality, much like English [ɚ] or [ɹ], leading heureux, commun, and docteur to sound like [ɚʁɚ], [kɔmɚ̃], and [dɔktaɹʁ]. Ultrasound, video, and acoustic data from 23 Canadian French speakers are analyzed using several measures of mid-sagittal tongue contours, showing that the low F3 of rhotic vowels is achieved using bunched and retroflex tongue postures and that the articulatory-acoustic mapping of F1 and F2 are rearranged in systems with rhotic vowels. A subset of speakers' French vowels are compared with their English [ɹ]/[ɚ], revealing that the French vowels are consistently less extreme in low F3 and its articulatory correlates, even for the most rhotic speakers. Polar coordinates are proposed as a replacement for Cartesian coordinates in calculating smoothing spline comparisons of mid-sagittal tongue shapes, because they enable comparisons to be roughly perpendicular to the tongue surface, which is critical for comparisons involving tongue root position but appropriate for all comparisons involving mid-sagittal tongue contours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Mielke
- Department of Linguistics, University of Ottawa, Arts 401, 70 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Yin N, Wu J, Chen B, Wang Y, Song T, Ma H. [Nasolabial muscle finite-element study and clinical application]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 50:278-285. [PMID: 26082049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the nasolabial muscle anatomy and biomechanical characteristics. METHODS Micro-computed tomography scan was performed in 8 cases of spontaneous abortion fetus lip nasal specimens to construct a three-dimensional model. The nasolabial muscle structure was analyzed using Mimics software. The three-dimensional configuration model of nasolabial muscle was established based on local anatomy and tissue section, and compared with tissue section. Three dimensional finite element analysis was performed on lip nasal muscle related biomechanics and surface deformation in Application verification was carried out in 263 cases of microform cleft lip surgery. RESULTS There was close relationship between nasolabial muscle. The nasolabial muscle tension system was constituted, based on which a new cleft lip repair surgery was designed and satisfied results were achieved. CONCLUSIONS There is close relationship among nasolabial muscle in anatomy, histology and biomechanics. To obtain better effect, cleft lip repair should be performed on the basis of recovering muscle tension system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbei Yin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China;
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Yongqian Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Hengyuan Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
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Heinritz H, Benzel W, Sroka R, Iro H. Photodynamic therapy of superficial skin tumors following local application of delta-aminolaevulinic acid. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 49:48-52. [PMID: 7653384 DOI: 10.1159/000424338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Heinritz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Celikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Ekizer A, Sekerci AE, Sisman Y. Assessment of the soft tissue thickness at the lower anterior face in adult patients with different skeletal vertical patterns using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2015; 85:211-217. [PMID: 24998911 PMCID: PMC8631894 DOI: 10.2319/040114-237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the soft tissue thickness values at the lower anterior face among adult patients with different vertical growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 105 adult patients (54 women and 51 men) with a normal sagittal skeletal pattern divided into three groups according to the vertical growth pattern: high-angle (women/men, 22/13; mean age, 24.54 ± 4.45 years), low-angle (women/men, 14/21; mean age, 24.62 ± 5.08 years), and normal-angle (women/men, 18/17; mean age, 24.22 ± 5.40 years) groups. The soft tissue thickness measurements at the lower anterior face in each group were done and analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests. RESULTS Soft tissue thickness values were the lowest in the high-angle group for both women and men. For women, the thickness values at the labrale superius, labrale inferius, and pogonion were found to be statistically significantly smaller in the high-angle group (11.49 ± 1.05 mm, 12.70 ± 1.92 mm, and 11.64 ± 2.65 mm, respectively) compared with the values in the normal-angle group (13.31 ± 2.01 mm, 15.08 ± 1.94 mm, and 14.69 ± 3.08 mm, respectively) (P < .05, P < .05, and P < .01, respectively). For men, however, no statistically significant differences were found among the vertical growth patterns (P > .05). CONCLUSION Women had statistically significantly thinner thickness at the labrale superius, labrale inferius, and pogonion in the high-angle group compared with the normal-angle group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlut Celikoglu
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman K. Buyuk
- Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ekizer
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet E. Sekerci
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yildiray Sisman
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE Previous work has shown that monolingual French and English speakers use distinct articulatory settings, the underlying articulatory posture of a language. In the present article, the authors report on an experiment in which they investigated articulatory settings in bilingual speakers. The authors first tested the hypothesis that in order to sound native-like, bilinguals must use distinct, language-specific articulatory settings in monolingual mode. The authors then tested the hypothesis that in bilingual mode, a bilingual individual's articulatory setting is identical to the monolingual-mode setting of 1 of his or her languages. METHOD Eight French-English bilinguals each read 90 English and 90 French sentences, and the authors measured their interspeech posture (ISP) using optical tracking of the lips and jaw and ultrasound imaging of the tongue. RESULTS Results show that bilingual speakers who are perceived as native in both languages exhibit distinct, language-specific ISPs, and those who are not perceived as native in one or more languages do not. In bilingual mode, bilinguals use an ISP that is equivalent to the monolingual-mode ISP of their currently most used language. The most balanced bilingual used a French lip ISP but an English tongue-tip ISP. CONCLUSION Results support the claim that bilinguals who sound native in each of their languages have distinct articulatory settings for each language.
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Ko HS, Lee UY, Choi SK, Park YG, Park IY, Shin JC. Nasolabial dimensions of the facial profile at 20 to 37 weeks' gestation on 2- and 3-dimensional sonography in normal Korean fetuses. J Ultrasound Med 2013; 32:617-624. [PMID: 23525386 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2013.32.4.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate normal nasolabial dimensions using the images of facial profiles in normal Korean fetuses. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 355 normal fetuses at 14 to 39 weeks' gestation. After the exclusion of inadequate images and inadequate numbers of fetuses at 14 to 19 and 37 to 39 weeks' gestation, the sonographic facial profiles from 222 fetuses at 20 to 37 weeks' gestation were evaluated. Five parameters, nose length, nose protrusion, pronasal-subnasal distance, distance between the upper philtrum and mouth, and distance between the tip of the nose and mouth, were measured and are presented according to gestational age. Data were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficients and regression analysis. RESULTS There were significant linear correlations between gestational age and nose length (R = 0.390; P < .001), pronasal-subnasal distance (R = 0.415; P < .001), and distance between the upper philtrum and mouth (R = 0.315; P < .001). There were significant quadratic relationships between gestational age and nose protrusion (R(2) = 0.213; P < .001) and distance between the tip of the nose and mouth (R(2) = 0.173; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS We provide preliminary normative nasolabial dimensions of facial profiles at 20 to 37 weeks' gestation in normal Korean fetuses. These data may be of help not only in the understanding of normal nasolabial growth in utero but also in the diagnosis of abnormal facial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
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