1
|
Zhang M, Lyu L, Li J, Yan H, Zhu Y, Yu T, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Liu D. Subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry with three-dimensional simulated images among the orthodontists and laypersons: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:500. [PMID: 37468873 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used three-dimensional (3D) virtual images to undertake a subjective evaluation of how different factors affect the perception of facial asymmetry among orthodontists and laypersons with the aim of providing a quantitative reference for clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D virtual symmetrical facial image was acquired using FaceGen Modeller software. The left chin, mandible, lip and cheek of the virtual face were simulated in the horizontal (interior/exterior), vertical (up/down), or sagittal (forward or backward) direction in 3, 5, and 7 mm respectively with Maya software to increase asymmetry for the further subjective evaluation. A pilot study was performed among ten volunteers and 30 subjects of each group were expected to be included based on 80% sensitivity in this study. The sample size was increased by 60% to exclude incomplete and unqualified questionnaires. Eventually, a total of 48 orthodontists and 40 laypersons evaluated these images with a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The images were presented in random order. Each image would stop for 30 s for observers with a two-second interval between images. Asymmetry ratings and recognition accuracy for asymmetric virtual faces were analyzed to explore how different factors affect the subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry. Multivariate linear regression and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical data analysis. RESULTS Orthodontists were found to be more critical of asymmetry than laypersons. Our results showed that observers progressively decreased ratings by 1.219 on the VAS scale and increased recognition rates by 2.301-fold as the degree of asymmetry increased by 2 mm; asymmetry in the sagittal direction was the least noticeable compared with the horizontal and vertical directions; and chin asymmetry turned out to be the most sensitive part among the four parts we simulated. Mandible asymmetry was easily confused with cheek asymmetry in the horizontal direction. CONCLUSIONS The degree, types and parts of asymmetry can affect ratings for facial deformity as well as the accuracy rate of identifying the asymmetrical part. Although orthodontists have higher accuracy in diagnosing asymmetrical faces than laypersons, they fail to correctly distinguish some specific asymmetrical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Lyu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huichun Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zhu
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Affiliation, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Affiliation, Beijing, China
| | - Yijiao Zhao
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Affiliation, Beijing, China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saeki Y, Okamura J, Ueda S, Sato Y. Middle lobe pulmonary artery branch running ventral to the upper lobe pulmonary vein. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad250. [PMID: 37458493 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saeki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junko Okamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sho Ueda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang DY, Yang S, Geng HX, Yuan YJ, Ding CJ, Yang J, Li MY. Real-time continuous image guidance for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography based on 3D/2D registration and respiratory compensation. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3157-3167. [PMID: 37346159 PMCID: PMC10280790 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been confirmed that three-dimensional (3D) imaging allows easier identification of bile duct anatomy and intraoperative guidance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which reduces the radiation dose and procedure time with improved safety. However, current 3D biliary imaging does not have good real-time fusion with intraoperative imaging, a process meant to overcome the influence of intraoperative respiratory motion and guide navigation. The present study explored the feasibility of real-time continuous image-guided ERCP. AIM To explore the feasibility of real-time continuous image-guided ERCP. METHODS We selected 2 3D-printed abdominal biliary tract models with different structures to simulate different patients. The ERCP environment was simulated for the biliary phantom experiment to create a navigation system, which was further tested in patients. In addition, based on the estimation of the patient's respiratory motion, preoperative 3D biliary imaging from computed tomography of 18 patients with cholelithiasis was registered and fused in real-time with 2D fluoroscopic sequence generated by the C-arm unit during ERCP. RESULTS Continuous image-guided ERCP was applied in the biliary phantom with a registration error of 0.46 mm ± 0.13 mm and a tracking error of 0.64 mm ± 0.24 mm. After estimating the respiratory motion, 3D/2D registration accurately transformed preoperative 3D biliary images to each image in the X-ray image sequence in real-time in 18 patients, with an average fusion rate of 88%. CONCLUSION Continuous image-guided ERCP may be an effective approach to assist the operator and reduce the use of X-ray and contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ya Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Geng
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Jia Yuan
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chi-Jiao Ding
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Veerman H, Hoeks CMA, Sluijter JH, van der Eijk JA, Boellaard TN, Roeleveld TA, van der Sluis TM, Nieuwenhuijzen JA, Wit E, Rijkhorst EJ, Heymans MW, van Alphen MJA, van Veen RLP, Vis AN, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen PJ. 3D-Reconstructed Contact Surface Area and Tumour Volume on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Improve the Prediction of Extraprostatic Extension of Prostate Cancer. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:486-496. [PMID: 36547859 PMCID: PMC10039205 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to determine whether the volume and contact surface area (CSA) of a tumour with an adjacent prostate capsule on MRI in a three-dimensional (3D) model that can predict side-specific extraprostatic extension (EPE) at radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients with localised prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent robot-assisted RP between July 2015 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective study. MRI-based 3D prostate models incorporating the PCa volume and location were reconstructed. The tumour volume and surface variables were extracted. For the prostate-to-tumour and tumour-to-prostate CSAs, the areas in which the distances were ≤ 1, ≤ 2, ≤ 3, ≤ 4, and ≤ 5 mm were defined, and their surface (cm2) were determined. Differences in prostate sides with and without pathological EPE were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis to find independent predictors of EPE. Overall, 75/302 (25%) prostate sides showed pathological EPE. Prostate sides with EPE had higher cT-stage, higher PSA density, higher percentage of positive biopsy cores, higher biopsy Gleason scores, higher radiological tumour stage, larger tumour volumes, larger prostate CSA, and larger tumour CSA (all p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the radiological tumour stage (p = 0.001), tumour volume (p < 0.001), prostate CSA (p < 0.001), and tumour CSA (p ≤ 0.001) were independent predictors of pathological EPE. A 3D reconstruction of tumour locations in the prostate improves prediction of extraprostatic extension. Tumours with a higher 3D-reconstructed volume, a higher surface area of tumour in contact with the prostate capsule, and higher surface area of prostate capsule in contact with the tumour are at increased risk of side-specific extraprostatic extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Veerman
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Judith H Sluijter
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jari A van der Eijk
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thierry N Boellaard
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton A Roeleveld
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Noord-West Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Tim M van der Sluis
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Wit
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Rijkhorst
- Department of Clinical Physics and Instrumentation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten J A van Alphen
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert L P van Veen
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - André N Vis
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim J van Leeuwen
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veerman H, Boellaard TN, van der Eijk JA, Sluijter JH, Roeleveld TA, van der Sluis TM, Nieuwenhuijzen JA, Wit E, van Alphen MJA, van Veen RLP, Vis AN, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen PJ. Development and clinical applicability of MRI-based 3D prostate models in the planning of nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. J Robot Surg 2022; 17:509-517. [PMID: 35819591 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-022-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of conventional MRI may be limited by the two-dimensional presentation of the images. To develop patient-specific MRI prostate-based virtual and three-dimensional (3D)-printed models. To assess the association between 3D imaging and the pathological outcome of RARP specimen. To assess the clinical applicability of 3D models to guide nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We created virtual 3D and 3D-printed 3D models of 20 prostate cancer patients retrospectively. A comparison was made between conventional MRI and 3D-reconstructed images. The concordance between tumour lesion location in 3D models and pathology reporting of RARP specimens was assessed. Seven urologists assessed the side-specific extent of nerve-sparing based on (1) conventional MR images, (2) virtual 3D models, and (3) 3D-printed models. Clinically relevant changes in nerve-sparing and the absolute agreement between observers was analyzed using the Chi-square test and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The index lesion was correctly visualized in 19/20 (95%) 3D models and the expected location of extraprostatic extension was correctly visualized in all 3D models. Clinically relevant changes in the planned extent of nerve-sparing between MRI and virtual 3D models and MRI and 3D-printed models were found in 25% and 26%. The ICC of the planned extent of nerve-sparing between urologists was 0.40 (95% CI 0.28-0.55) for conventional MRI, 0.52 (95% CI 0.39-0.66) for virtual 3D models and 0.58 (95% CI 0.45-0.71) for 3D-printed models. 3D models of the MRI prostate to guide RARP could aid urologists in the planning of nerve-sparing surgery as shown by a higher inter-observer agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Veerman
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Thierry N Boellaard
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jari A van der Eijk
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith H Sluijter
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton A Roeleveld
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Noord-West Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Tim M van der Sluis
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Wit
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J A van Alphen
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert L P van Veen
- Verwelius 3D Lab, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André N Vis
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J van Leeuwen
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chytas D, Salmas M, Demesticha T, Stavroulakis A, Noussios G. Immersive virtual reality versus three-dimensional images: is there a difference in their value for understanding mediastinal anatomy and surgery? Surg Today 2022:10.1007/s00595-022-02547-y. [PMID: 35752991 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-022-02547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Chytas
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, 20, Plateon Street, 23100, Sparta, Greece. .,, 75, Theotokopoulou Street, 11144, Athens, Greece.
| | - Marios Salmas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Theano Demesticha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Noussios
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai Y, Chen XB, Mai DH, Wu P, Chen YH, Chen H. Multidetector computed tomography three-dimensional and multiplanar reconstruction diagnosis of a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:87-95. [PMID: 33552396 PMCID: PMC7830075 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastomosis of the testicular vein with the superior mesenteric vein rarely causes severe gastrointestinal bleeding. To date, there have been few studies describing its appearance on medical imaging. Here, we present multidetector computed tomography three-dimensional and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images of a typical digital subtraction angiography showing proven ectopic bleeding and provide the first review of the image performance.
CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man who had been rushed to the hospital with a four-day history of melena and fainting underwent multiple esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedures that failed to identify the source of bleeding. We used MPR combined with three-dimensional reconstruction images, and found that the testicular vein had anastomosed with the superior mesenteric vein, and they clustered together in the jejunal vessel wall, which caused severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the location of bleeding. After transfusion and embolization therapy, the patient’s condition improved.
CONCLUSION Computed tomography-MPR combined with three-dimensional images offers significant value in the localization and qualitative assessment of rare gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The features of multiphase spiral scanning can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Da-Hai Mai
- Department of Oncology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Hai Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
邱 天, 刘 筱, 薛 竹, 李 自. [Evaluation of the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions in normal persons using dynamic stereophotogrammetric system]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 52:1107-1111. [PMID: 33331322 PMCID: PMC7745277 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions (smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, cheek puff) in normal persons using dynamic three-dimensional (3D) imaging and provide reference data for future research. METHODS In this study, 15 adults (7 males and 8 females) without facial asymmetry and facial nerve dysfunction were recruited. Each participant was seated upright in front of the 3D imaging system in natural head position. The whole face could be captured in all six cameras. The dynamic 3D system captured 60 3D images per second. Four facial expressions were included: smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, and cheek puff. Before starting, we instructed the subjects to make facial expressions to develop muscle memory. During recording, each facial expression took about 3 to 4 seconds. At least 1 week later, the procedure was repeated. The rest position (T0) was considered as the base frame. The first quartile of expressions (T1), just after reaching the maximum state of expressions (T2), just before the end of maximum state of expressions (T3), the third quartile of expressions (T4), and the end of motion (T5) were selected as key frames. Using the stable part of face such as forehead, each key frame (T1-T5) of the different expressions was aligned on the corresponding frame at rest (T0). The root mean square (RMS) between each key frame and its corresponding frame at rest were calculated. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was applied to assess statistical differences between the corresponding frames of the different facial expressions. RESULTS Facial expressions like smile lips closed, smile lips open, and cheek puff were reproducible. Lip purse was not reproducible. The statistically significant differences were found on the T2 frame of the repeated lip purse movement. CONCLUSION The dynamic 3D imaging can be used to evaluate the reproducibility of facial expressions. Compared with the qualitative analysis and two-dimensions analysis, dynamic 3D images can be able to more truly represent the facial expressions which make the research more reliable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 天成 邱
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 筱菁 刘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 竹林 薛
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 自力 李
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,口腔颌面外科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fujii R, Morinaga K, Asai T, Aida N, Yamada M, Sako R, Furusawa M. Intentional Replantation to Treat Apical Periodontitis of Maxillary First Molar with Foreign Body Located Outside Apical Foramen Using CBCT: A Case Report. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2020; 61:127-133. [PMID: 32507779 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The recent use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the field of dentistry to obtain 3-dimensional (3D) images has enabled more effective examination and diagnosis in endodontic treatment. Such information has also been reported to be of benefit in surgical endodontic treatment such as intentional replantation. Here, we report a case of intentional replantation with the assistance of CBCT in which a good therapeutic outcome was achieved. The patient was a 30-year-old woman who visited our hospital with the chief complaint of spontaneous pain in the right maxillary first molar. Dental radiographs revealed a radiolucent area in the apical portion of the distal root, and a radiopaque area thought to be a broken shard from a small surgical instrument measuring approximately 1.5 mm in length. The shard was located outside the distal apical foramen. Based on these findings, the diagnosis was acute suppurative apical periodontitis of the right maxillary first molar. Infected root canal therapy was subsequently commenced. The patient's symptoms showed no improvement, however, and the pain persisted. Therefore, dental CBCT was performed to obtain 3D images, which confirmed a radiopaque area thought to be a broken shard from a small surgical instrument located outside the apical foramen of the distal root and facing in a direction that made it impossible to remove from the root canal. Because the patient's symptoms had shown no improvement and a foreign body was observed outside the apical foramen, intentional replantation combined with root resection was performed with informed consent. At a 1-year follow-up visit, progress was good, and there were no reported symptoms or signs. When reaching a diagnosis is difficult based on clinical findings and dental radiographs alone, the 3D images provided by CBCT offer a means of securing a more reliable diagnosis, allowing planning of treatment to be more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Fujii
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College.,Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | | | - Ryo Sako
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamimura G, Ueda K, Maeda K, Aoki M, Nagata T, Yokomakura N, Sato M. An extremely rare case with right superior pulmonary vein translocation. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:96. [PMID: 32382810 PMCID: PMC7205928 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been a number of reports on pulmonary venous anomalies. However, most of the reports focused on the anatomical branching pattern of the peripheral pulmonary veins. Case presentation We report a 75-year-old female whose right superior pulmonary vein V1 existed dorsal to the right main pulmonary artery and V2+3 existed dorsal to V4+5. Thus, we could not find V1 and V2+3 in the hilum just after a thoracotomy to perform right upper lobectomy for lung cancer. Thus, the right main pulmonary artery and the superior trunk (A1+3) were exposed without cutting the superior pulmonary vein. Conclusion There has been no report so far regarding this type of pulmonary vein translocation. Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography images were helpful to identify this variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Kamimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ueda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Naoya Yokomakura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental and Medical Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kikuchi S, Tajima G, Sugawara A, Yan J, Maruyama M, Oikawa S, Saigo T, Oikawa R, Doita M. Characteristic features of the insertions of the distal tibiofibular ligaments on three-dimensional computed tomography- cadaveric study. J Exp Orthop 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 31974931 PMCID: PMC6977791 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-0220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the insertion sites of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) and related osseous landmarks on three-dimensional computed tomography images. Methods Twenty-nine non-paired, formalin-fixed human cadaveric ankles were evaluated. The tibial and fibular insertion sites of the AITFL and PITFL were identified. The morphology and location of the insertion sites and their positional relationships with osseous structures were analyzed on three-dimensional computed tomography images. Results The AITFL had a trapezoidal shape, with fibers that ran obliquely lateral from a wider insertion at the lateral distal tibia to the medial distal fibula. The PITFL had a similar shape to the AITFL; however, it ran more horizontally, with fibers running in the same direction. In the tibia, the anterior capsular ridge and the Chaput’s and Volkmann’s tubercles were useful osseous landmarks for the insertion sites. In the fibula, the centers of the insertion sites of the AITFL and PITFL were located on the edges of the distal anterior and posterior fibula, which were useful osseous landmarks. The mean distances between the center points of the tibial and fibular insertion sites of the AITFL and PITFL were 10.1 ± 2.4 mm and 11.7 ± 2.6 mm, respectively. Conclusions The relationships between the characteristic features of the distal tibia and fibula and the insertions of the AITFL and PITFL were consistent. The present findings improve the understanding of the anatomy of the insertions of the distal tibiofibular syndesmotic joint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Goro Tajima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugawara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru,19-1, Morioka, Japan
| | - Moritaka Maruyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shinya Oikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saigo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Oikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Minoru Doita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru, 19-1, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Borg L, Sporring J, Dam EB, Dahl VA, Dyrby TB, Feidenhans'l R, Dahl AB, Pingel J. Muscle fibre morphology and microarchitecture in cerebral palsy patients obtained by 3D synchrotron X-ray computed tomography. Comput Biol Med 2019; 107:265-9. [PMID: 30878888 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) allows for three-dimensional imaging of objects at a very high resolution and in large field-of-view. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use SXCT imaging for morphological analysis of muscle tissue, in order to investigate whether the analysis reveals complementary information to two-dimensional microscopy. METHODS Three-dimensional SXCT images of muscle biopsies were taken from participants with cerebral palsy and from healthy controls. We designed morphological measures from the two-dimensional slices and three-dimensional volumes of the images and measured the muscle fibre organization, which we term orientation consistency. RESULTS The muscle fibre cross-sectional areas were significantly larger in healthy participants than in participants with cerebral palsy when carrying out the analysis in three dimensions. However, a similar analysis carried out in two dimensions revealed no patient group difference. The present study also showed that three-dimensional orientation consistency was significantly larger for healthy participants than for participants with cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION Individuals with CP have smaller muscle fibres than healthy control individuals. We argue that morphometric measures of muscle fibres in two dimensions are generally trustworthy only if the fibres extend perpendicularly to the slice plane, and otherwise three-dimensional aspects should be considered. In addition, the muscle tissue of individuals with CP showed a decreased level of orientation consistency when compared to healthy control tissue. We suggest that the observed disorganization of the tissue may be induced by atrophy caused by physical inactivity and insufficient neural activation.
Collapse
|
13
|
de Araujo CC, Coelho SA, Stahlschmidt P, Juliato CRT. Does vaginal delivery cause more damage to the pelvic floor than cesarean section as determined by 3D ultrasound evaluation? A systematic review. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29:639-645. [PMID: 29564512 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-018-3609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Pregnancy and delivery are well-established risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), but the physiopathology, such as the delivery route, is not well understood. This study evaluated the impact of delivery route on the pelvic floor muscles via 3D ultrasound. METHODS This review is registered in the PROSPERO database. The criteria for inclusion were prospective studies with 3D translabial ultrasound assessment in primigravida women during pregnancy and postpartum published in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 1980 and 2016. We excluded studies that did not include the topic of urogenital hiatus measurement and literature reviews. The MeSH terms were obstetric delivery, postpartum period, labor, parturition, three-dimensional images, ultrasonography, pelvic floor, and pelvic floor disorders. RESULTS The search retrieved 155 articles. After analysis, 6 articles were included. Four studies showed that vaginal delivery (VD) was associated with a larger hiatal area. One study associated the hiatal area with levator ani muscle (LAM) defects in VD. Four articles evaluated the bladder neck, 3 of which showed a significant increase in bladder neck mobility associated with VD and 1 showed decreased bladder neck elevation, not associated with the delivery mode; the first 3 articles all evaluated LAM injuries and showed an association between VD and LAM injury. Women who underwent VD presented defects of the puborectalis muscle. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal delivery was associated with a higher number of LAM injuries, puborectalis defects, increased bladder neck mobility, and enlargement of the hiatal area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Carvalho de Araujo
- School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Euclides de Moraes Rosa, 180. Jardim Itália. Itapetininga, Campinas, SP, 18.201-760, Brazil.
| | - Suelene A Coelho
- School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Euclides de Moraes Rosa, 180. Jardim Itália. Itapetininga, Campinas, SP, 18.201-760, Brazil
| | - Paulo Stahlschmidt
- School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Euclides de Moraes Rosa, 180. Jardim Itália. Itapetininga, Campinas, SP, 18.201-760, Brazil
| | - Cassia R T Juliato
- School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Euclides de Moraes Rosa, 180. Jardim Itália. Itapetininga, Campinas, SP, 18.201-760, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kikuchi D, Kaise M, Nomura K, Toba T, Kuribayashi Y, Tanaka M, Yamashita S, Furuhata T, Matsui A, Mitani T, Hoteya S, Iizuka T. Feasibility Study of the Three-Dimensional Flexible Endoscope in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: An ex vivo Animal Study. Digestion 2018; 95:237-241. [PMID: 28365684 DOI: 10.1159/000468924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Clinical application of 3-dimensional (3D) technology for flexible endoscopes has not been reported. We developed a 3D flexible endoscope and conducted a feasibility study of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in porcine stomach. METHODS Four endoscopists used a 3D flexible endoscope to perform a total of 8 ESD procedures on resected porcine stomachs. We assessed the en bloc resection rate, perforation rate, and mechanical issues that arise during ESD. A visual analog scale (0, 2D superior; 100, 3D superior) was used to evaluate the depth perception, sense of security of the procedure, and eyestrain of 3D visualization. RESULTS En bloc resection was achieved in all cases and there were no cases of perforation or mechanical issues. Depth perception and sense of security were rated 85.5 ± 12.4 and 70.7 ± 9.7 respectively (mean ± SDs). Eyestrain was rated high for 3D visualization (mean ± SDs, 12.6 ± 8.6). CONCLUSIONS ESD using a 3D flexible endoscope was technically feasible. The endoscopists reported good depth perception and a high sense of security when using 3D visualization but also noted strong eyestrain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neiva MBD, Soares ÁC, Lisboa CDO, Vilella ODV, Motta AT. Evaluation of cephalometric landmark identification on CBCT multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. Angle Orthod 2016; 85:11-7. [PMID: 24713068 DOI: 10.2319/120413-891.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability of three-dimensional (3D) landmark identification in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using two different visualization techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve CBCT images were randomly selected. Three observers independently repeated three times the identification of 30 landmarks using 3D reconstructions and 28 landmarks using multiplanar views. The values of the coordinates X, Y, and Z of each point were obtained and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. RESULTS The ICC of the 3D visualization was rated >0.90 in 67.76% and 45.56%, and ≤0.45 in 13.33% and 14.46% of the intraobserver and interobserver assessments, respectively. The ICC of the multiplanar visualization was rated >0.90 in 82.16% and 78.56% and ≤0.45 in only 16.7% and 8.33% of the intraobserver and interobserver assessments, respectively. An individual landmark classification was done according to ICC values. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of highly reliable values was greater for multiplanar than 3D reconstructions. Overall, lower reliability was found for points on the condyle and higher reliability for those on the midsagittal plane. Depending on the anatomic region, the observer must choose the most reliable type of image visualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Baião da Neiva
- a Former Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
McAvinchey G, Maxim F, Nix B, Djordjevic J, Linklater R, Landini G. The perception of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional simulated images. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:957-65. [PMID: 24673657 DOI: 10.2319/120213-888.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the perception of facial asymmetry in young adults to identify the amounts of chin asymmetry that can be regarded as normal and may benefit from correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) images of 56 individuals of mixed ethnicity were obtained and used to produce average 3D images of male and female faces. Distortion was then applied to these average faces using a 3D graphics package to simulate different amounts of chin point asymmetry. Five observer groups (lay individuals, dental students, dental care professionals, dental practitioners, and orthodontists) assessed timed presentations of 3D images, rating them as "normal," "acceptable," or "would benefit from correction." Time-to-event analysis was used to assess the level of chin asymmetry perceived as normal and beneficial for correction for each group. RESULTS The factors influencing the perception of facial asymmetry were the degree of asymmetry and the observer group. Direction of the asymmetry and gender of the assessed individual did not affect the perception of asymmetry, except in the 4- to 6-mm distortion range. The gender of the observer had no influence on perception. There were statistically significant differences in the amounts of asymmetry that the laypeople and orthodontists considered to be normal (5.6 ± 2.7 mm and 3.6 ± 1.5 mm, respectively; P < .001) and felt would benefit from surgical correction (11.8 ± 4.0 mm and 9.7 ± 3.0 mm, respectively; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Perception of asymmetry is affected by the amount of asymmetry and the observer group, with orthodontists being more critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grainne McAvinchey
- a Postgraduate Student, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|