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Ma Y, Schwager (Karpukhina) A, Dib C, Gautier C, Hermine O, Allemand E, Vassetzky YS. Exchange of subtelomeric regions between chromosomes 4q and 10q reverts the FSHD genotype and phenotype. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl1922. [PMID: 38691604 PMCID: PMC11062572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The most common form of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD1) is caused by a partial loss of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4. Patients with FSHD1 typically carry 1 to 10 D4Z4 repeats, whereas nonaffected individuals have 11 to 150 repeats. The ~150-kilobyte subtelomeric region of the chromosome 10q exhibits a ~99% sequence identity to the 4q, including the D4Z4 array. Nevertheless, contractions of the chr10 array do not cause FSHD or any known disease, as in most people D4Z4 array on chr10 is flanked by the nonfunctional polyadenylation signal, not permitting the DUX4 expression. Here, we attempted to correct the FSHD genotype by a CRISPR-Cas9-induced exchange of the chr4 and chr10 subtelomeric regions. We demonstrated that the induced t(4;10) translocation can generate recombinant genotypes translated into improved FSHD phenotype. FSHD myoblasts with the t(4;10) exhibited reduced expression of the DUX4 targets, restored PAX7 target expression, reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress, and improved differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Ma
- CNRS UMR9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Schwager (Karpukhina)
- CNRS UMR9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carla Dib
- CNRS UMR9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Candice Gautier
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eric Allemand
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Yegor S. Vassetzky
- CNRS UMR9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Ruple BA, Mattingly ML, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Kontos NJ, Agyin-Birikorang A, Michel JM, Plotkin DL, Chen SY, Ziegenfuss TN, Fruge AD, Gladden LB, Robinson AT, Mobley CB, Mackey AL, Roberts MD. The effects of resistance training on denervated myofibers, senescent cells, and associated protein markers in middle-aged adults. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23621. [PMID: 38651653 PMCID: PMC11047210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302103rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Denervated myofibers and senescent cells are hallmarks of skeletal muscle aging. However, sparse research has examined how resistance training affects these outcomes. We investigated the effects of unilateral leg extensor resistance training (2 days/week for 8 weeks) on denervated myofibers, senescent cells, and associated protein markers in apparently healthy middle-aged participants (MA, 55 ± 8 years old, 17 females, 9 males). We obtained dual-leg vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), VL biopsies, and strength assessments before and after training. Fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA), satellite cells (Pax7+), denervated myofibers (NCAM+), senescent cells (p16+ or p21+), proteins associated with denervation and senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) proteins were analyzed from biopsy specimens. Leg extensor peak torque increased after training (p < .001), while VL mCSA trended upward (interaction p = .082). No significant changes were observed for Type I/II fCSAs, NCAM+ myofibers, or senescent (p16+ or p21+) cells, albeit satellite cells increased after training (p = .037). While >90% satellite cells were not p16+ or p21+, most p16+ and p21+ cells were Pax7+ (>90% on average). Training altered 13 out of 46 proteins related to muscle-nerve communication (all upregulated, p < .05) and 10 out of 19 proteins related to cellular senescence (9 upregulated, p < .05). Only 1 out of 17 SASP protein increased with training (IGFBP-3, p = .031). In conclusion, resistance training upregulates proteins associated with muscle-nerve communication in MA participants but does not alter NCAM+ myofibers. Moreover, while training increased senescence-related proteins, this coincided with an increase in satellite cells but not alterations in senescent cell content or SASP proteins. These latter findings suggest shorter term resistance training is an unlikely inducer of cellular senescence in apparently healthy middle-aged participants. However, similar study designs are needed in older and diseased populations before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Zhang X, Tian B, Yu H, Li S, Li S, Su J, Tong H. Vitamin C regulates skeletal muscle post-injury regeneration by promoting myoblast proliferation through its direct interaction with the Pax7 protein. Food Funct 2024; 15:4575-4585. [PMID: 38587267 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that vitamin C (VC), an essential vitamin for the human body, can promote the differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) in vitro and play an important role in skeletal muscle post-injury regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism of VC regulating MuSC proliferation has not been elucidated. In this study, the role of VC in promoting MuSC proliferation and its molecular mechanism were explored using cell molecular biology and animal experiments. The results showed that VC accelerates the progress of skeletal muscle post-injury regeneration by promoting MuSC proliferation in vivo. VC can also promote skeletal muscle regeneration in the case of atrophy. Using the C2C12 myoblast murine cell line, we observed that VC also stimulated cell proliferation. In addition, after an in vitro study establishing the occurrence of a physical interaction between VC and Pax7, we observed that VC also upregulated the total and nuclear Pax7 protein levels. This mechanism increased the expression of Myf5 (Myogenic Factor 5), a Pax7 target gene. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying VC-mediated MuSC proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Moreover, it develops the application of VC in animal muscle nutritional supplements and treatment of skeletal muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huili Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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4
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Dewi L, Liao YC, Jean WH, Huang KC, Huang CY, Chen LK, Nicholls A, Lai LF, Kuo CH. Cordyceps sinensis accelerates stem cell recruitment to human skeletal muscle after exercise. Food Funct 2024; 15:4010-4020. [PMID: 38501161 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis is a parasitic fungus known to induce immune responses. The impact of Cordyceps supplementation on stem cell homing and expansion to human skeletal muscle after exercise remains unexplored. In this study, we examined how pre-exercise Cordyceps supplementation influences cell infiltration, CD34+ cell recruitment, and Pax7+ cell expansion in human skeletal muscle after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on a cycloergometer. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted with 14 young adults (age: 24 ± 0.8 years). A placebo (1 g cornstarch) and Cordyceps (1 g Cordyceps sinensis) were administered before exercise (at 120% maximal aerobic power). Multiple biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis for muscle tissue analysis before and after HIIE. This exercise regimen doubled the VEGF mRNA in the muscle at 3 h post-exercise (P = 0.006). A significant necrotic cell infiltration (+284%, P = 0.05) was observed 3 h after HIIE and resolved within 24 h. This response was substantially attenuated by Cordyceps supplementation. Moreover, we observed increases in CD34+ cells at 24 h post-exercise, notably accelerated by Cordyceps supplementation to 3 h (+51%, P = 0.002). This earlier response contributed to a four-fold expansion in Pax7+ cell count, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence double staining (CD34+/Pax7+) (P = 0.01). In conclusion, our results provide the first human evidence demonstrating the accelerated resolution of exercise-induced muscle damage by Cordyceps supplementation. This effect is associated with earlier stem cell recruitment into the damaged sites for muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luthfia Dewi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Chieh Liao
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Horng Jean
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Far East Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd, Banciao Dist., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Nicholls
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Fan Lai
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg VA, USA
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5
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Fan SH, Li N, Huang KF, Chang YT, Wu CC, Chen SL. MyoD Over-Expression Rescues GST-bFGF Repressed Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4308. [PMID: 38673893 PMCID: PMC11050597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is released from neural tube and myotome to promote myogenic fate in the somite, and is routinely used for the culture of adult skeletal muscle (SKM) stem cells (MuSC, called satellite cells). However, the mechanism employed by bFGF to promote SKM lineage and MuSC proliferation has not been analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the question of if the post-translational modification (PTM) of bFGF is important to its stemness-promoting effect has not been answered. In this study, GST-bFGF was expressed and purified from E.coli, which lacks the PTM system in eukaryotes. We found that both GST-bFGF and commercially available bFGF activated the Akt-Erk pathway and had strong cell proliferation effect on C2C12 myoblasts and MuSC. GST-bFGF reversibly compromised the myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts and MuSC, and it increased the expression of Myf5, Pax3/7, and Cyclin D1 but strongly repressed that of MyoD, suggesting the maintenance of myogenic stemness amid repressed MyoD expression. The proliferation effect of GST-bFGF was conserved in C2C12 over-expressed with MyoD (C2C12-tTA-MyoD), implying its independence of the down-regulation of MyoD. In addition, the repressive effect of GST-bFGF on myogenic differentiation was almost totally rescued by the over-expression of MyoD. Together, these evidences suggest that (1) GST-bFGF and bFGF have similar effects on myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation, and (2) GST-bFGF can promote MuSC stemness and proliferation by differentially regulating MRFs and Pax3/7, (3) MyoD repression by GST-bFGF is reversible and independent of the proliferation effect, and (4) GST-bFGF can be a good substitute for bFGF in sustaining MuSC stemness and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shen-Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (N.L.); (K.-F.H.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-C.W.)
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6
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Bachman JF, Chakkalakal JV. Satellite cells in the growth and maintenance of muscle. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:1-14. [PMID: 38670701 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic skeletal muscle growth is contingent upon a population of somite derived satellite cells, however, the contribution of these cells to early postnatal skeletal muscle growth remains relatively high. As prepubertal postnatal development proceeds, the activity and contribution of satellite cells to skeletal muscle growth diminishes. Eventually, at around puberty, a population of satellite cells escapes terminal commitment, continues to express the paired box transcription factor Pax7, and reside in a quiescent state orbiting the myofiber periphery adjacent to the basal lamina. After adolescence, some satellite cell contributions to muscle maintenance and adaptation occur, however, their necessity is reduced relative to embryonic, early postnatal, and prepubertal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC, USA.
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7
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Hicks MR, Saleh KK, Clock B, Gibbs DE, Yang M, Younesi S, Gane L, Gutierrez-Garcia V, Xi H, Pyle AD. Regenerating human skeletal muscle forms an emerging niche in vivo to support PAX7 cells. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1758-1773. [PMID: 37919520 PMCID: PMC10709143 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem and progenitor cells including those derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer an avenue towards personalized therapies and readily fuse to form human-mouse myofibres in vivo. However, skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) inefficiently colonize chimeric stem cell niches and instead associate with human myofibres resembling foetal niches. We hypothesized competition with mouse satellite cells (SCs) prevented SMPC engraftment into the SC niche and thus generated an SC ablation mouse compatible with human engraftment. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of SC-ablated mice identified the absence of a transient myofibre subtype during regeneration expressing Actc1. Similarly, ACTC1+ human myofibres supporting PAX7+ SMPCs increased in SC-ablated mice, and after re-injury we found SMPCs could now repopulate into chimeric niches. To demonstrate ACTC1+ myofibres are essential to supporting PAX7 SMPCs, we generated caspase-inducible ACTC1 depletion human pluripotent stem cells, and upon SMPC engraftment we found a 90% reduction in ACTC1+ myofibres and a 100-fold decrease in PAX7 cell numbers compared with non-induced controls. We used spatial RNA sequencing to identify key factors driving emerging human niche formation between ACTC1+ myofibres and PAX7+ SMPCs in vivo. This revealed that transient regenerating human myofibres are essential for emerging niche formation in vivo to support PAX7 SMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hicks
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Kholoud K Saleh
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ben Clock
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Devin E Gibbs
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mandee Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shahab Younesi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lily Gane
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Haibin Xi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Mavrommatis L, Jeong HW, Kindler U, Gomez-Giro G, Kienitz MC, Stehling M, Psathaki OE, Zeuschner D, Bixel MG, Han D, Morosan-Puopolo G, Gerovska D, Yang JH, Kim JB, Arauzo-Bravo MJ, Schwamborn JC, Hahn SA, Adams RH, Schöler HR, Vorgerd M, Brand-Saberi B, Zaehres H. Human skeletal muscle organoids model fetal myogenesis and sustain uncommitted PAX7 myogenic progenitors. eLife 2023; 12:RP87081. [PMID: 37963071 PMCID: PMC10645425 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture systems that structurally model human myogenesis and promote PAX7+ myogenic progenitor maturation have not been established. Here we report that human skeletal muscle organoids can be differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cell lines to contain paraxial mesoderm and neuromesodermal progenitors and develop into organized structures reassembling neural plate border and dermomyotome. Culture conditions instigate neural lineage arrest and promote fetal hypaxial myogenesis toward limb axial anatomical identity, with generation of sustainable uncommitted PAX7 myogenic progenitors and fibroadipogenic (PDGFRa+) progenitor populations equivalent to those from the second trimester of human gestation. Single-cell comparison to human fetal and adult myogenic progenitor /satellite cells reveals distinct molecular signatures for non-dividing myogenic progenitors in activated (CD44High/CD98+/MYOD1+) and dormant (PAX7High/FBN1High/SPRY1High) states. Our approach provides a robust 3D in vitro developmental system for investigating muscle tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Mavrommatis
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular EmbryologyBochumGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMünsterGermany
- Department of Neurology with Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital BergmannsheilBochumGermany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Sequencing Core FacilityMünsterGermany
| | - Urs Kindler
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular EmbryologyBochumGermany
| | - Gemma Gomez-Giro
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, LCSB, Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Marie-Cecile Kienitz
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Cellular PhysiologyBochumGermany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Flow Cytometry UnitMünsterGermany
| | - Olympia E Psathaki
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMünsterGermany
- Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, CellNanOs, University of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Electron Microscopy UnitMünsterGermany
| | - M Gabriele Bixel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue MorphogenesisMünsterGermany
| | - Dong Han
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMünsterGermany
| | - Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular EmbryologyBochumGermany
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Ji Hun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- R&D Research Center, Next & Bio IncSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong Beom Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Marcos J Arauzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, LCSB, Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Molecular GI OncologyBochumGermany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue MorphogenesisMünsterGermany
- Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster, Medical FacultyMünsterGermany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology with Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital BergmannsheilBochumGermany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular EmbryologyBochumGermany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular EmbryologyBochumGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMünsterGermany
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9
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Mademtzoglou D, Geara P, Mourikis P, Relaix F. Pax7 haploinsufficiency impairs muscle stem cell function in Cre-recombinase mice and underscores the importance of appropriate controls. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:294. [PMID: 37833800 PMCID: PMC10576335 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its introduction as a genetic tool, the Cre-lox system has been widely used for molecular genetic studies in vivo in the context of health and disease, as it allows time- and cell-specific gene modifications. However, insertion of the Cre-recombinase cassette in the gene of interest can alter transcription, protein expression, or function, either directly, by modifying the landscape of the locus, or indirectly, due to the lack of genetic compensation or by indirect impairment of the non-targeted allele. This is sometimes the case when Cre-lox is used for muscle stem cell studies. Muscle stem cells are required for skeletal muscle growth, regeneration and to delay muscle disease progression, hence providing an attractive model for stem cell research. Since the transcription factor Pax7 is specifically expressed in all muscle stem cells, tamoxifen-inducible Cre cassettes (CreERT2) have been inserted into this locus by different groups to allow targeted gene recombination. Here we compare the two Pax7-CreERT2 mouse lines that are mainly used to evaluate muscle regeneration and development of pathological features upon deletion of specific factors or pathways. We applied diverse commonly used tamoxifen schemes of CreERT2 activation, and we analyzed muscle repair after cardiotoxin-induced injury. We show that consistently the Pax7-CreERT2 allele targeted into the Pax7 coding sequence (knock-in/knock-out allele) produces an inherent defect in regeneration, manifested as delayed post-injury repair and reduction in muscle stem cell numbers. In genetic ablation studies lacking proper controls, this inherent defect could be misinterpreted as being provoked by the deletion of the factor of interest. Instead, using an alternative Pax7-CreERT2 allele that maintains bi-allelic Pax7 expression or including appropriate controls can prevent misinterpretation of experimental data. The findings presented here can guide researchers establish appropriate experimental design for muscle stem cell genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Perla Geara
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | | | - Frederic Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
- AP-HP, Hopital Mondor, Service d'histologie, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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10
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Bascunana V, Pelletier A, Gouhier A, Bemmo A, Balsalobre A, Drouin J. Chromatin opening ability of pioneer factor Pax7 depends on unique isoform and C-terminal domain. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7254-7268. [PMID: 37326021 PMCID: PMC10415112 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneer factors are transcription factors (TFs) that have the unique ability to recognise their target DNA sequences within closed chromatin. Whereas their interactions with cognate DNA is similar to other TFs, their ability to interact with chromatin remains poorly understood. Having previously defined the modalities of DNA interactions for the pioneer factor Pax7, we have now used natural isoforms of this pioneer as well as deletion and replacement mutants to investigate the Pax7 structural requirements for chromatin interaction and opening. We show that the GL+ natural isoform of Pax7 that has two extra amino acids within the DNA binding paired domain is unable to activate the melanotrope transcriptome and to fully activate a large subset of melanotrope-specific enhancers targeted for Pax7 pioneer action. This enhancer subset remains in the primed state rather than being fully activated, despite the GL+ isoform having similar intrinsic transcriptional activity as the GL- isoform. C-terminal deletions of Pax7 lead to the same loss of pioneer ability, with similar reduced recruitments of the cooperating TF Tpit and of the co-regulators Ash2 and BRG1. This suggests complex interrelations between the DNA binding and C-terminal domains of Pax7 that are crucial for its chromatin opening pioneer ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bascunana
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Audrey Pelletier
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Arthur Gouhier
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Amandine Bemmo
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
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11
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Monroy BY, Adamson CJ, Camacho-Avila A, Guerzon CN, Echeverria CV, Rogers CD. Expression atlas of avian neural crest proteins: Neurulation to migration. Dev Biol 2022; 483:39-57. [PMID: 34990731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are a dynamic population of embryonic stem cells that create various adult tissues in vertebrate species including craniofacial bone and cartilage and the peripheral and enteric nervous systems. NC development is thought to be a conserved and complex process that is controlled by a tightly-regulated gene regulatory network (GRN) of morphogens, transcription factors, and cell adhesion proteins. While multiple studies have characterized the expression of several GRN factors in single species, a comprehensive protein analysis that directly compares expression across development is lacking. To address this lack in information, we used three closely related avian models, Gallus gallus (chicken), Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), and Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), to compare the localization and timing of four GRN transcription factors, PAX7, SNAI2, SOX9, and SOX10, from the onset of neurulation to migration. While the spatial expression of these factors is largely conserved, we find that quail NC cells express SNAI2, SOX9, and SOX10 proteins at the equivalent of earlier developmental stages than chick and peafowl. In addition, quail NC cells migrate farther and more rapidly than the larger organisms. These data suggest that despite a conservation of NC GRN players, differences in the timing of NC development between species remain a significant frontier to be explored with functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Y Monroy
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carly J Adamson
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alexis Camacho-Avila
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Christian N Guerzon
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Camilo V Echeverria
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Crystal D Rogers
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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12
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Langdon CG, Gadek KE, Garcia MR, Evans MK, Reed KB, Bush M, Hanna JA, Drummond CJ, Maguire MC, Leavey PJ, Finkelstein D, Jin H, Schreiner PA, Rehg JE, Hatley ME. Synthetic essentiality between PTEN and core dependency factor PAX7 dictates rhabdomyosarcoma identity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5520. [PMID: 34535684 PMCID: PMC8448747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN promoter hypermethylation is nearly universal and PTEN copy number loss occurs in ~25% of fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS). Here we show Pten deletion in a mouse model of FN-RMS results in less differentiated tumors more closely resembling human embryonal RMS. PTEN loss activated the PI3K pathway but did not increase mTOR activity. In wild-type tumors, PTEN was expressed in the nucleus suggesting loss of nuclear PTEN functions could account for these phenotypes. Pten deleted tumors had increased expression of transcription factors important in neural and skeletal muscle development including Dbx1 and Pax7. Pax7 deletion completely rescued the effects of Pten loss. Strikingly, these Pten;Pax7 deleted tumors were no longer FN-RMS but displayed smooth muscle differentiation similar to leiomyosarcoma. These data highlight how Pten loss in FN-RMS is connected to a PAX7 lineage-specific transcriptional output that creates a dependency or synthetic essentiality on the transcription factor PAX7 to maintain tumor identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G Langdon
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Katherine E Gadek
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Matthew R Garcia
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Myron K Evans
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kristin B Reed
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, 38112, USA
| | - Madeline Bush
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jason A Hanna
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Matthew C Maguire
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Patrick J Leavey
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Patrick A Schreiner
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Mark E Hatley
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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13
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Dalle S, Koppo K. Cannabinoid receptor 1 expression is higher in muscle of old vs. young males, and increases upon resistance exercise in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18349. [PMID: 34526596 PMCID: PMC8443742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged skeletal muscle undergoes metabolic and structural alterations eventually resulting in a loss of muscle strength and mass, i.e. age-related sarcopenia. Therefore, novel targets for muscle growth purposes in elderly are needed. Here, we explored the role of the cannabinoid system in muscle plasticity through the expression of muscle cannabinoid receptors (CBs) in young and old humans. The CB1 expression was higher (+ 25%; p = 0.04) in muscle of old (≥ 65 years) vs. young adults (20-27 years), whereas CB2 was not differently expressed. Furthermore, resistance exercise tended to increase the CB1 (+ 11%; p = 0.055) and CB2 (+ 37%; p = 0.066) expression in muscle of older adults. Interestingly, increases in the expression of CB2 following resistance exercise positively correlated with changes in key mechanisms of muscle homeostasis, such as catabolism (FOXO3a) and regenerative capacity (Pax7, MyoD). This study for the first time shows that CB1 is differentially expressed with aging and that changes in CB2 expression upon resistance exercise training correlate with changes in mediators that play a central role in muscle plasticity. These data confirm earlier work in cells and mice showing that the cannabinoid system might orchestrate muscle growth, which is an incentive to further explore CB-based strategies that might counteract sarcopenia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/physiology
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- MyoD Protein/genetics
- MyoD Protein/metabolism
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/genetics
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Resistance Training
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Florkowska A, Meszka I, Nowacka J, Granica M, Jablonska Z, Zawada M, Truszkowski L, Ciemerych MA, Grabowska I. PAX7 Balances the Cell Cycle Progression via Regulating Expression of Dnmt3b and Apobec2 in Differentiating PSCs. Cells 2021; 10:2205. [PMID: 34571854 PMCID: PMC8472244 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX7 transcription factor plays a crucial role in embryonic myogenesis and in adult muscles in which it secures proper function of satellite cells, including regulation of their self renewal. PAX7 downregulation is necessary for the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells induced after muscle damage, what is prerequisite step for regeneration. Using differentiating pluripotent stem cells we documented that the absence of functional PAX7 facilitates proliferation. Such action is executed by the modulation of the expression of two proteins involved in the DNA methylation, i.e., Dnmt3b and Apobec2. Increase in Dnmt3b expression led to the downregulation of the CDK inhibitors and facilitated cell cycle progression. Changes in Apobec2 expression, on the other hand, differently impacted proliferation/differentiation balance, depending on the experimental model used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (I.M.); (J.N.); (M.G.); (Z.J.); (M.Z.); (L.T.); (M.A.C.)
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15
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Banerji CRS, Zammit PS. Pathomechanisms and biomarkers in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: roles of DUX4 and PAX7. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13695. [PMID: 34151531 PMCID: PMC8350899 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterised by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. FSHD is linked to epigenetic derepression of the subtelomeric D4Z4 macrosatellite at chromosome 4q35. Epigenetic derepression permits the distal-most D4Z4 unit to transcribe DUX4, with transcripts stabilised by splicing to a poly(A) signal on permissive 4qA haplotypes. The pioneer transcription factor DUX4 activates target genes that are proposed to drive FSHD pathology. While this toxic gain-of-function model is a satisfying "bottom-up" genotype-to-phenotype link, DUX4 is rarely detectable in muscle and DUX4 target gene expression is inconsistent in patients. A reliable biomarker for FSHD is suppression of a target gene score of PAX7, a master regulator of myogenesis. However, it is unclear how this "top-down" finding links to genomic changes that characterise FSHD and to DUX4. Here, we explore the roles and interactions of DUX4 and PAX7 in FSHD pathology and how the relationship between these two transcription factors deepens understanding via the immune system and muscle regeneration. Considering how FSHD pathomechanisms are represented by "DUX4opathy" models has implications for developing therapies and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
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16
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Lai X, Bi Z, Yang X, Hu R, Wang L, Jin M, Li L, Bu B. Upregulation of circ-FBL promotes myogenic proliferation in myasthenia gravis by regulation of miR-133/PAX7. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2287-2293. [PMID: 34363272 PMCID: PMC9290729 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease involving neuromuscular transmission that causes fatigue of skeletal muscles and fluctuating weakness. It has been shown that impairment of myogenic differentiation and myofiber maturation may be the underlying cause of MG. In this study, we detected the abnormal expression of circular RNA (circRNA) using next‐generation sequencing in patients with MG. We then investigated the regulatory mechanism and the relationship among circRNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA using quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase report analysis. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T lymphocytes was shown to be increased. Circ‐FBL was significantly increased in MG patients. Bioinformatics and luciferase report analyses confirmed that miR‐133 and PAX7 were the downstream targets of circ‐FBL. Overexpression of circ‐FBL promoted myoblast proliferation by regulation of miR‐133/PAX7. Taken together, our study showed that upregulation of circ‐FBL promoted myogenic proliferation in patients with MG by regulating miR‐133/PAX7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Lai
- Department of NeurologyGongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuajin Bi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Department of NeurologyGongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Rongguo Hu
- Department of NeurologyGongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of NeurologyGongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Mingming Jin
- Department of NeurologyGongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Longxuan Li
- Department of NeurologyGongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Bitao Bu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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17
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Skrzypek K, Adamek G, Kot M, Badyra B, Majka M. Progression and Differentiation of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Is Regulated by PAX7 Transcription Factor-Significance of Tumor Subclones. Cells 2021; 10:1870. [PMID: 34440639 PMCID: PMC8391953 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), is the most frequent soft tissue tumor in children that originates from disturbances in differentiation process. Mechanisms leading to the development of RMS are still poorly understood. Therefore, by analysis of two RMS RH30 cell line subclones, one subclone PAX7 negative, while the second one PAX7 positive, and comparison with other RMS cell lines we aimed at identifying new mechanisms crucial for RMS progression. RH30 subclones were characterized by the same STR profile, but different morphology, rate of proliferation, migration activity and chemotactic abilities in vitro, as well as differences in tumor morphology and growth in vivo. Our analysis indicated a different level of expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., from VLA and ICAM families), myogenic microRNAs, such as miR-206 and transcription factors, such as MYOD, MYOG, SIX1, and ID. Silencing of PAX7 transcription factor with siRNA confirmed the crucial role of PAX7 transcription factor in proliferation, differentiation and migration of RMS cells. To conclude, our results suggest that tumor cell lines with the same STR profile can produce subclones that differ in many features and indicate crucial roles of PAX7 and ID proteins in the development of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (G.A.); (M.K.); (B.B.)
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18
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Torma F, Gombos Z, Fridvalszki M, Langmar G, Tarcza Z, Merkely B, Naito H, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Takeda M, Murlasits Z, Osvath P, Radak Z. Blood flow restriction in human skeletal muscle during rest periods after high-load resistance training down-regulates miR-206 and induces Pax7. J Sport Health Sci 2021; 10:470-477. [PMID: 32813644 PMCID: PMC8343007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-intensity resistance training has been shown to result in hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BFR during the rest periods between acute, high-intensity resistance exercise sessions (70% of 1 repetition maximum, 7 sets with 10 repetitions) enhances the effects of the resistance training. METHODS A total of 7 healthy young men performed squats, and between sets BFR was carried out on one leg while the other leg served as a control. Because BFR was applied during rest periods, even severe occlusion pressure (approximately 230 mmHg), which almost completely blocked blood flow, was well-tolerated by the participants. Five muscle-specific microRNAs were measured from the biopsy samples, which were taken 2 h after the acute training. RESULTS Doppler data showed that the pattern of blood flow recovery changed significantly between the first and last BFR. microRNA-206 levels significantly decreased in the BFR leg compared to the control. The mRNA levels of RAC-β serine/threonine-protein kinase v22, nuclear respiratory factor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70 genes (p < 0.05), and paired box 7 (p < 0.01) increased in the BFR leg. The protein levels of paired box 7, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α did not differ between the BFR leg and the control leg. CONCLUSION BFR, during the rest periods of high-load resistance training, could lead to mRNA elevation of those proteins that regulate angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle hypertrophy and repair. However, BFR also can cause DNA damage, judging from the increase in mRNA levels of lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Torma
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gombos
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Marcell Fridvalszki
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Gergely Langmar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Tarcza
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Takeda
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Zsolt Murlasits
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Peter Osvath
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary.
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19
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Wang M, Song W, Jin C, Huang K, Yu Q, Qi J, Zhang Q, He Y. Pax3 and Pax7 Exhibit Distinct and Overlapping Functions in Marking Muscle Satellite Cells and Muscle Repair in a Marine Teleost, Sebastes schlegelii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073769. [PMID: 33916485 PMCID: PMC8038590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pax3 and Pax7 are members of the Pax gene family which are essential for embryo and organ development. Both genes have been proved to be markers of muscle satellite cells and play key roles in the process of muscle growth and repair. Here, we identified two Pax3 genes (SsPax3a and SsPax3b) and two Pax7 genes (SsPax7a and SsPax7b) in a marine teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Our results showed SsPax3 and SsPax7 marked distinct populations of muscle satellite cells, which originated from the multi-cell stage and somite stage, respectively. In addition, we constructed a muscle injury model to explore the function of these four genes during muscle repair. Hematoxylin–eosin (H–E) of injured muscle sections showed new-formed myofibers occurred at 16 days post-injury (dpi). ISH (in situ hybridization) analysis demonstrated that the expression level of SsPax3a and two SsPax7 genes increased gradually during 0–16 dpi and peaked at 16 dpi. Interestingly, SsPax3b showed no significant differences during the injury repair process, indicating that the satellite cells labeled by SsPax3b were not involved in muscle repair. These results imply that the muscle stem cell populations in teleosts are more complicated than in mammals. This lays the foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanism of indeterminant growth and muscle repair of large fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Weihao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Chaofan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Kejia Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qianwen Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jie Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.W.); (W.S.); (C.J.); (K.H.); (Q.Y.); (J.Q.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Fujita R, Jamet S, Lean G, Cheng HCM, Hébert S, Kleinman CL, Crist C. Satellite cell expansion is mediated by P-eIF2α-dependent Tacc3 translation. Development 2021; 148:dev194480. [PMID: 33318147 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Translational control of gene expression is an important regulator of adult stem cell quiescence, activation and self-renewal. In skeletal muscle, quiescent satellite cells maintain low levels of protein synthesis, mediated in part through the phosphorylation of eIF2α (P-eIF2α). Pharmacological inhibition of the eIF2α phosphatase with the small molecule sal003 maintains P-eIF2α and permits the expansion of satellite cells ex vivo Paradoxically, P-eIF2α also increases the translation of specific mRNAs, which is mediated by P-eIF2α-dependent read-through of inhibitory upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Here, we ask whether P-eIF2α-dependent mRNA translation enables expansion of satellite cells. Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we show a number of genes associated with the assembly of the spindle pole to be upregulated at the level of protein, without corresponding change in mRNA levels, in satellite cells expanded in the presence of sal003. We show that uORFs in the 5' UTR of mRNA for the mitotic spindle stability gene Tacc3 direct P-eIF2α-dependent translation. Satellite cells deficient for TACC3 exhibit defects in expansion, self-renewal and regeneration of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Solène Jamet
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Graham Lean
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Harry Chun Man Cheng
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Colin Crist
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
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21
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Abstract
This protocol describes the use of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed recombination to construct a PAX7-GFP reporter in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). PAX7 is a key transcription factor and regulator of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells. We obtained heterozygous knockin reporter cells and validated their PAX7 expression using both artificial activation by the CRISPR/dCas9-VPR system and physiological activation during hPSC myogenic differentiation. These cells can serve as tools for better understanding of in vitro hPSC myogenesis and enriching myogenic cells for downstream analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xi et al. (2017) and Xi et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Xi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - April D. Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Jahnke VE, Peterson JM, Van Der Meulen JH, Boehler J, Uaesoontrachoon K, Johnston HK, Defour A, Phadke A, Yu Q, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K. Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequences in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 33308300 PMCID: PMC7730798 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsense or loss-of-function mutations in the non-lysosomal cysteine protease calpain-3 result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). While calpain-3 is implicated in muscle cell differentiation, sarcomere formation, and muscle cytoskeletal remodeling, the physiological basis for LGMD2A has remained elusive. METHODS Cell growth, gene expression profiling, and mitochondrial content and function were analyzed using muscle and muscle cell cultures established from healthy and calpain-3-deficient mice. Calpain-3-deficient mice were also treated with PPAR-delta agonist (GW501516) to assess mitochondrial function and membrane repair. The unpaired t test was used to assess the significance of the differences observed between the two groups or treatments. ANOVAs were used to assess significance over time. RESULTS We find that calpain-3 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the muscles and myoblasts. Calpain-3-deficient myoblasts showed increased proliferation, and their gene expression profile showed aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis. Myotube gene expression analysis further revealed altered lipid metabolism in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Mitochondrial defects were validated in vitro and in vivo. We used GW501516 to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo in 7-month-old calpain-3-deficient mice. This treatment improved satellite cell activity as indicated by increased MyoD and Pax7 mRNA expression. It also decreased muscle fatigability and reduced serum creatine kinase levels. The decreased mitochondrial function also impaired sarcolemmal repair in the calpain-3-deficient skeletal muscle. Improving mitochondrial activity by acute pyruvate treatment improved sarcolemmal repair. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that calpain-3 deficiency in the skeletal muscle is associated with poor mitochondrial biogenesis and function resulting in poor sarcolemmal repair. Addressing this deficit by drugs that improve mitochondrial activity offers new therapeutic avenues for LGMD2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Jahnke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jennifer M Peterson
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jack H Van Der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jessica Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Helen K Johnston
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aurelia Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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23
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Gonzalez Curto G, Der Vartanian A, Frarma YEM, Manceau L, Baldi L, Prisco S, Elarouci N, Causeret F, Korenkov D, Rigolet M, Aurade F, De Reynies A, Contremoulins V, Relaix F, Faklaris O, Briscoe J, Gilardi-Hebenstreit P, Ribes V. The PAX-FOXO1s trigger fast trans-differentiation of chick embryonic neural cells into alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with tissue invasive properties limited by S phase entry inhibition. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009164. [PMID: 33175861 PMCID: PMC7682867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosome translocations generating PAX3-FOXO1 and PAX7-FOXO1 chimeric proteins are the primary hallmarks of the paediatric fusion-positive alveolar subtype of Rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS). Despite the ability of these transcription factors to remodel chromatin landscapes and promote the expression of tumour driver genes, they only inefficiently promote malignant transformation in vivo. The reason for this is unclear. To address this, we developed an in ovo model to follow the response of spinal cord progenitors to PAX-FOXO1s. Our data demonstrate that PAX-FOXO1s, but not wild-type PAX3 or PAX7, trigger the trans-differentiation of neural cells into FP-RMS-like cells with myogenic characteristics. In parallel, PAX-FOXO1s remodel the neural pseudo-stratified epithelium into a cohesive mesenchyme capable of tissue invasion. Surprisingly, expression of PAX-FOXO1s, similar to wild-type PAX3/7, reduce the levels of CDK-CYCLIN activity and increase the fraction of cells in G1. Introduction of CYCLIN D1 or MYCN overcomes this PAX-FOXO1-mediated cell cycle inhibition and promotes tumour growth. Together, our findings reveal a mechanism that can explain the apparent limited oncogenicity of PAX-FOXO1 fusion transcription factors. They are also consistent with certain clinical reports indicative of a neural origin of FP-RMS. The fusion-positive subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) is a rare malignant paediatric cancer, whose induction and evolution still remain to be deciphered. Out of the gross genetic aberrations found in these cancers, t(2:13) and t(1,13) chromosome translocations are the first to appear and lead to the expression of fusion proteins made of the DNA binding domains of either PAX3 or PAX7 and the transactivation domain of FOXO1. Both PAX3-FOXO1 and PAX7-FOXO1 have a strong impact on gene transcription, yet they only inefficiently promote the transformation of healthy cells into tumorigenic cells. To address this issue, we have used chick embryos to monitor in vivo the early response of cells to PAX-FOXO1 chimeric proteins. We showed that both proteins, but not the normal PAX3 and PAX7, transform neural cells into cells with FP-RMS molecular features. The PAX-FOXO1s also force polarized epithelial neural cells to adopt a mesenchymal phenotype with tissue invasive properties. However, the PAX-FOXO1s inhibit cell division and hence tumour growth. Genetically re-activating core cell cycle regulators rescues PAX-FOXO1 mediated cell cycle inhibition. Together, our findings bring further support to the idea that the PAX-FOXO1s are stricto sensu oncoproteins, whose oncogenicity is limited by negative effects on cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Line Manceau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Baldi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Selene Prisco
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Daniil Korenkov
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Rigolet
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnVA, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Aurade
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnVA, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien De Reynies
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Contremoulins
- ImagoSeine core facility of Institut Jacques Monod and member of France-BioImaging, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnVA, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- ImagoSeine core facility of Institut Jacques Monod and member of France-BioImaging, France
| | - James Briscoe
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vanessa Ribes
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Park HJ, Lee WY, Lee R, Park JK, Hong KH, Park C, Song H. Expression of paired box protein PAX7 in prepubertal boar testicular gonocytes. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151595. [PMID: 32778235 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves mitosis, meiosis, growth, and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into spermatozoa. Markers of spermatogonia and other spermatogenic cells have been extensively studied in rodents, whereas physiological characteristics and stage-specific markers of germ cells remain largely unknown in large domestic animals. In rodents, paired box protein 7 (PAX7) is known to be a specific marker of a rare spermatogonial subpopulation in adult testes, while being expressed by a large proportion of neonatal testicular germ cells. However, the expression of PAX7 has not yet been investigated in domestic animals. The objective of this study was to characterize PAX7 expression during boar testis development and in in vitro cultured porcine SSCs (pSSCs). Notably, the expression of PAX7 was positively correlated with that of a known boar testis spermatogonial and gonocyte marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), in prepubertal (5-day-old) boar testes but was not observed during or following puberty. Furthermore, the early-stage spermatogonial markers GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1) and Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) were coexpressed in PAX7+ testicular cells from 5-day-old boars. PAX7 expression was also maintained in in vitro cultured undifferentiated porcine spermatogonia, with both PAX7 and PGP9.5 strongly expressed in pSSC colonies but not in feeder cells (testicular somatic cells). These data demonstrated that PAX7 expression only occurred in boar testes during prepuberty and was mainly restricted to very early-stage spermatogonial germ cells, such as gonocytes, which implies that PAX7 can be used as a boar gonocyte marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Lee
- Department of Beef and Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Al Tanoury Z, Rao J, Tassy O, Gobert B, Gapon S, Garnier JM, Wagner E, Hick A, Hall A, Gussoni E, Pourquié O. Differentiation of the human PAX7-positive myogenic precursors/satellite cell lineage in vitro. Development 2020; 147:dev187344. [PMID: 32541004 PMCID: PMC7328153 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells (SC) are muscle stem cells that can regenerate adult muscles upon injury. Most SC originate from PAX7+ myogenic precursors set aside during development. Although myogenesis has been studied in mouse and chicken embryos, little is known about human muscle development. Here, we report the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reporter lines in which fluorescent proteins have been introduced into the PAX7 and MYOG loci. We use single cell RNA sequencing to analyze the developmental trajectory of the iPSC-derived PAX7+ myogenic precursors. We show that the PAX7+ cells generated in culture can produce myofibers and self-renew in vitro and in vivo Together, we demonstrate that cells exhibiting characteristics of human fetal satellite cells can be produced in vitro from iPSC, opening interesting avenues for muscular dystrophy cell therapy. This work provides significant insights into the development of the human myogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Al Tanoury
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Development and Stem Cells, CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Tassy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Development and Stem Cells, CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Bénédicte Gobert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Development and Stem Cells, CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation - BioParc 3, 850 Boulevard Sébastien Brandt, 67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Svetlana Gapon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Development and Stem Cells, CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Erica Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aurore Hick
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation - BioParc 3, 850 Boulevard Sébastien Brandt, 67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Arielle Hall
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS, Boston, MA 15021, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS, Boston, MA 15021, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Development and Stem Cells, CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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26
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Azzag K, Ortiz-Cordero C, Oliveira NAJ, Magli A, Selvaraj S, Tungtur S, Upchurch W, Iaizzo PA, Lu QL, Perlingeiro RCR. Efficient engraftment of pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors in a novel immunodeficient mouse model of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:10. [PMID: 32321586 PMCID: PMC7175515 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in α-dystroglycan (DG) glycosylation characterize a group of muscular dystrophies known as dystroglycanopathies. One of the key effectors in the α-DG glycosylation pathway is the glycosyltransferase fukutin-related protein (FKRP). Mutations in FKRP lead to a large spectrum of muscular dystrophies, including limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I). It remains unknown whether stem cell transplantation can promote muscle regeneration and ameliorate the muscle wasting phenotype associated with FKRP mutations. RESULTS Here we transplanted murine and human pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors into a novel immunodeficient FKRP-mutant mouse model by intra-muscular injection. Upon both mouse and human cell transplantation, we observe the presence of donor-derived myofibers even in absence of pre-injury, and the rescue of α-DG functional glycosylation, as shown by IIH6 immunoreactivity. The presence of donor-derived cells expressing Pax7 under the basal lamina is indicative of satellite cell engraftment, and therefore, long-term repopulation potential. Functional assays performed in the mouse-to-mouse cohort revealed enhanced specific force in transplanted muscles compared to PBS-injected controls. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data demonstrate for the first time the suitability of a cell-based therapeutic approach to improve the muscle phenotype of dystrophic FKRP-mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Azzag
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Carolina Ortiz-Cordero
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nelio A J Oliveira
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sudheer Tungtur
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Weston Upchurch
- Visible Heart Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul A Iaizzo
- Visible Heart Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qi Long Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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27
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Fiore PF, Benedetti A, Sandonà M, Madaro L, De Bardi M, Saccone V, Puri PL, Gargioli C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Bouché M. Lack of PKCθ Promotes Regenerative Ability of Muscle Stem Cells in Chronic Muscle Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030932. [PMID: 32023816 PMCID: PMC7037041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease characterized by muscle wasting and chronic inflammation, leading to impaired satellite cells (SCs) function and exhaustion of their regenerative capacity. We previously showed that lack of PKCθ in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, reduces muscle wasting and inflammation, and improves muscle regeneration and performance at early stages of the disease. In this study, we show that muscle regeneration is boosted, and fibrosis reduced in mdxθ−/− mice, even at advanced stages of the disease. This phenotype was associated with a higher number of Pax7 positive cells in mdxθ−/− muscle compared with mdx muscle, during the progression of the disease. Moreover, the expression level of Pax7 and Notch1, the pivotal regulators of SCs self-renewal, were upregulated in SCs isolated from mdxθ−/− muscle compared with mdx derived SCs. Likewise, the expression of the Notch ligands Delta1 and Jagged1 was higher in mdxθ−/− muscle compared with mdx. The expression level of Delta1 and Jagged1 was also higher in PKCθ−/− muscle compared with WT muscle following acute injury. In addition, lack of PKCθ prolonged the survival and sustained the differentiation of transplanted myogenic progenitors. Overall, our results suggest that lack of PKCθ promotes muscle repair in dystrophic mice, supporting stem cells survival and maintenance through increased Delta-Notch signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiotoxins/adverse effects
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C-theta/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Regeneration
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Filomena Fiore
- Department of AHFMO, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.F.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (L.M.); (B.L.-O.)
| | - Anna Benedetti
- Department of AHFMO, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.F.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (L.M.); (B.L.-O.)
| | - Martina Sandonà
- Department of AHFMO, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.F.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (L.M.); (B.L.-O.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (FSL), e00143 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Luca Madaro
- Department of AHFMO, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.F.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (L.M.); (B.L.-O.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (FSL), e00143 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Marco De Bardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (FSL), e00143 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Saccone
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (FSL), e00143 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of AHFMO, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.F.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (L.M.); (B.L.-O.)
| | - Marina Bouché
- Department of AHFMO, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.F.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (L.M.); (B.L.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4976-6755
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Kang YM, Lee SK, Chun YM, Choi YR, Moon SH, Lee HM, Kang HJ. Follistatin Mitigates Myofibroblast Differentiation and Collagen Synthesis of Fibroblasts from Scar Tissue around Injured Flexor Tendons. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:85-93. [PMID: 31887804 PMCID: PMC6938778 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FST gene on the inhibition of fibrosis in fibroblastic cells from scar tissue around repaired zone II flexor tendons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was conducted on fibroblast cells transfected with adenovirus-LacZ (Ad-LacZ) as a marker gene (control), or with adenovirus-FST (Ad-FST) as a therapeutic gene. Fibroblast cultures without adenoviral exposure served as controls. RESULTS Fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST demonstrated significant decrease in collagen type I, MMP-1, MMP2, and α-SMA mRNA expressions compared to those transfected with Ad-LacZ. In addition, fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST exhibited significant decrease in MMP-1, TIMP-1, fibronectin, PAI-1, TRPV4, α-SMA, desmin, and PAX7 protein expressions. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we conclude that FST may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing scar adhesions around repaired tendons by inhibiting fibroblasts from differentiating into myofibroblasts, in addition to producing type I collagen and regulating extracellular matrix turnover via the downregulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. FST may also decrease contracture of the scar by inhibiting Ca2+-dependent cell contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kang
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Keon Lee
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seong Hwan Moon
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Mo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Ogura Y, Sato S, Kurosaka M, Kotani T, Fujiya H, Funabashi T. Age-related decrease in muscle satellite cells is accompanied with diminished expression of early growth response 3 in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:977-986. [PMID: 31734897 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is mostly dependent on muscle satellite cells. Proper muscle regeneration requires enough number of satellite cells. Recent studies have suggested that the number of satellite cells in skeletal muscle declines as we age, leading to the impairment of muscle regeneration in older population. Our earlier study demonstrated that zinc finger transcription factor early growth response 3 (Egr3) plays an important role for maintaining the number of myoblasts, suggesting that age-related decrease in muscle satellite cell should be associated with the expression levels of Egr3. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aging would alter the Egr3 expression in satellite cells. A couple groups of male C57BL/6J mice were examined in this study: young (3 Mo) and old (17 Mo). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the satellite cell number decreased in normal and injured muscles of old mice. In fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated muscle satellite cells from normal and injured muscles, the mRNA expression of Egr3 was significantly decreased with age regardless of injury. In harmony with these results, Pax7 mRNA levels also decreased in the satellite cells from old mice. Alternatively, inhibition of Egr3 expression by shRNA decreased Pax7 protein expression in cultured myoblasts. These results suggest that Egr3 is associated with the age-related decline of muscle satellite cells in older population. Also, Egr3 might be implicated in the regulation of Pax7. Therefore, the loss of Egr3 expression may elucidate attenuated MSCs function and muscle regeneration in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Sato
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kotani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fujiya
- Department of Sports Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiya Funabashi
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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30
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Mayran A, Sochodolsky K, Khetchoumian K, Harris J, Gauthier Y, Bemmo A, Balsalobre A, Drouin J. Pioneer and nonpioneer factor cooperation drives lineage specific chromatin opening. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3807. [PMID: 31444346 PMCID: PMC6707328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are characterized by having the unique property of enabling the opening of closed chromatin sites, for implementation of cell fates. We previously found that the pioneer Pax7 specifies melanotrope cells through deployment of an enhancer repertoire, which allows binding of Tpit, a nonpioneer factor that determines the related lineages of melanotropes and corticotropes. Here, we investigate the relation between these two factors in the pioneer mechanism. Cell-specific gene expression and chromatin landscapes are defined by scRNAseq and chromatin accessibility profiling. We find that in vivo deployment of the melanotrope enhancer repertoire and chromatin opening requires both Pax7 and Tpit. In cells, binding of heterochromatin targets by Pax7 is independent of Tpit but Pax7-dependent chromatin opening requires Tpit. The present work shows that pioneer core properties are limited to the ability to recognize heterochromatin targets and facilitate nonpioneer binding. Chromatin opening per se may be provided through cooperation with nonpioneer factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mayran
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Sochodolsky
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Konstantin Khetchoumian
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juliette Harris
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amandine Bemmo
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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31
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Ribeiro AF, Souza LS, Almeida CF, Ishiba R, Fernandes SA, Guerrieri DA, Santos ALF, Onofre-Oliveira PCG, Vainzof M. Muscle satellite cells and impaired late stage regeneration in different murine models for muscular dystrophies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11842. [PMID: 31413358 PMCID: PMC6694188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are the main muscle stem cells responsible for its regenerative capacity. In muscular dystrophies, however, a failure of the regenerative process results in muscle degeneration and weakness. To analyze the effect of different degrees of muscle degeneration in SCs behavior, we studied adult muscle of the dystrophic strains: DMDmdx, Largemyd, DMDmdx/Largemyd, with variable histopathological alterations. Similar results were observed in the dystrophic models, which maintained normal levels of PAX7 expression, retained the Pax7-positive SCs pool, and their proliferation capacity. Moreover, elevated expression of MYOG, an important myogenic factor, was also observed. The ability to form new fibers was verified by the presence of dMyHC positive regenerating fibers. However, those fibers had incomplete maturation characteristics, such as small and homogenous fiber caliber, which could contribute to their dysfunction. We concluded that dystrophic muscles, independently of their degeneration degree, retain their SCs pool with proliferating and regenerative capacities. Nonetheless, the maturation of these new fibers is incomplete and do not prevent muscle degeneration. Taken together, these results suggest that the improvement of late muscle regeneration should better contribute to therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Ribeiro
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Souza
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Camila F Almeida
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Renata Ishiba
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Fernandes
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guerrieri
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - André L F Santos
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Paula C G Onofre-Oliveira
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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32
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Swiderski K, Caldow MK, Naim T, Trieu J, Chee A, Koopman R, Lynch GS. Deletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in muscle stem cells does not alter muscle regeneration in mice after injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212880. [PMID: 30811469 PMCID: PMC6392323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles of older animals are more susceptible to injury and regenerate poorly, in part due to a persistent inflammatory response. The janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) pathway mediates inflammatory signaling and is tightly regulated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, especially SOCS3. SOCS3 expression is altered in the muscle of aged animals and may contribute to the persistent inflammation and impaired regeneration. To test this hypothesis, we performed myotoxic injuries on mice with a tamoxifen-inducible deletion of SOCS3 specifically within the muscle stem cell compartment. Muscle stem cell-specific SOCS3 deletion reduced muscle mass at 14 days post-injury (-14%, P < 0.01), altered the myogenic transcriptional program, and reduced myogenic fusion based on the number of centrally-located nuclei per muscle fiber. Despite the delay in myogenesis, muscles with a muscle stem cell-specific deletion of SOCS3 were still able to regenerate after a single bout or multiple bouts of myotoxic injury. A reduction in SOCS3 expression in muscle stem cells is unlikely to be responsible for the incomplete muscle repair in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Swiderski
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa K. Caldow
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timur Naim
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Trieu
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S. Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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33
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Hüttner SS, Ahrens HE, Schmidt M, Henze H, Jung MJ, Schüler SC, von Maltzahn J. Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and Their Adjacent Muscle Stem Cells from Aged and Adult Skeletal Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2045:25-36. [PMID: 30838602 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and culture of single floating myofibers with their adjacent muscle stem cells allow the analysis and comparison of muscle stem cells from aged and young mice. This method has the advantage that muscle stem cells are cultured on the myofiber, thereby culturing them in conditions as close to their endogenous niche as possible. Here we describe the isolation, culture, transfection with siRNA, and subsequent immunostaining for muscle stem cells on their adjacent myofibers from aged and young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören S Hüttner
- Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Hellen E Ahrens
- Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Henriette Henze
- Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Svenja C Schüler
- Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
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34
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Son IT, Lee HS, Ihn MH, Lee KH, Kim DW, Lee KW, Kim JS, Kang SB. Isolation of internal and external sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter with or without radiotherapy. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:38-47. [PMID: 30047583 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to isolate and propagate internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter, with or without radiotherapy, for tailored cell therapy of faecal incontinence. METHODS Sphincter progenitor cells were isolated from normal internal and external anal sphincters collected from 10 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with (n = 6) or without (n = 4) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The isolated cells and differentiated muscle fibres were identified using immunofluorescence assay, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proliferation of progenitor cells with and without radiotherapy was compared by quantitative 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The immunofluorescence assay before differentiation confirmed that the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and neural-glial antigen 2 (NG2), whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and PAX7. After differentiation, the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, calponin and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, myogenic factor 4 and myosin heavy chain. The differential expression profiles of both cell types were confirmed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MTT assays showed that the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group than that in the nonradiotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the differential harvest internal and external sphincter muscle progenitor cells from human anal sphincters. We confirm that radiotherapy decreases the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Son
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
| | - M H Ihn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - D-W Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - K-W Lee
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - J-S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S-B Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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35
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Huang W, Liang J, Feng Y, Jia Z, Jiang L, Cai W, Paul C, Gu JG, Stambrook PJ, Millard RW, Zhu XL, Zhu P, Wang Y. Heterogeneity of adult masseter muscle satellite cells with cardiomyocyte differentiation potential. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:20-30. [PMID: 29842877 PMCID: PMC7291879 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although resident cardiac stem cells have been reported, regeneration of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) remains a challenge. The present study identifies an alternative progenitor source for CM regeneration without the need for genetic manipulation or invasive heart biopsy procedures. Unlike limb skeletal muscles, masseter muscles (MM) in the mouse head are developed from Nkx2-5 mesodermal progenitors. Adult masseter muscle satellite cells (MMSCs) display heterogeneity in developmental origin and cell phenotypes. The heterogeneous MMSCs that can be characterized by cell sorting based on stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1) show different lineage potential. While cardiogenic potential is preserved in Sca1+ MMSCs as shown by expression of cardiac progenitor genes (including Nkx2-5), skeletal myogenic capacity is maintained in Sca1- MMSCs with Pax7 expression. Sca1+ MMSC-derived beating cells express cardiac genes and exhibit CM-like morphology. Electrophysiological properties of MMSC-derived CMs are demonstrated by calcium transients and action potentials. These findings show that MMSCs could serve as a novel cell source for cardiomyocyte replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhanfeng Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ronald W Millard
- Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Pasiakos SM, Berryman CE, Carbone JW, Murphy NE, Carrigan CT, Bamman MM, Ferrando AA, Young AJ, Margolis LM. Muscle Fn14 gene expression is associated with fat-free mass retention during energy deficit at high altitude. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13801. [PMID: 30009538 PMCID: PMC6046641 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular factors that modulate fat-free mass (FFM) loss in lowlanders exposed to energy deficit during high-altitude (HA) sojourns remain unclear. Muscle inflammation may contribute to FFM loss at HA by inducing atrophy and inhibiting myogenesis via the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible protein 14 (Fn14). To explore whether muscle inflammation modulates FFM loss reportedly developing during HA sojourns, muscle inflammation, myogenesis, and proteolysis were assessed in 16 men at sea level (SL) and following 21 days of energy deficit (-1862 ± 525 kcal/days) at high altitude (HA, 4300 m). Total body mass (TBM), FFM, and fat mass (FM) were assessed using DEXA. Gene expression and proteolytic enzymatic activities were assessed in muscle samples collected at rest at SL and HA. Participants lost 7.2 ± 1.8 kg TBM (P < 0.05); 43 ± 30% and 57 ± 30% of the TBM lost was FFM and FM, respectively. Fn14, TWEAK, TNF alpha-receptor (TNFα-R), TNFα, MYOGENIN, and paired box protein-7 (PAX7) were upregulated (P < 0.05) at HA compared to SL. Stepwise linear regression identified that Fn14 explained the highest percentage of variance in FFM loss (r2 = 0.511, P < 0.05). Dichotomization of volunteers into HIGH and LOW Fn14 gene expression indicated HIGH lost less FFM and more FM (28 ± 28% and 72 ± 28%, respectively) as a proportion of TBM loss than LOW (58 ± 26% and 42 ± 26%; P < 0.05) at HA. MYOGENIN gene expression was also greater for HIGH versus LOW (P < 0.05). These data suggest that heightened Fn14 gene expression is not catabolic and may protect FFM during HA sojourns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M. Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition DivisionU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Claire E. Berryman
- Military Nutrition DivisionU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and EducationOak RidgeTennessee
| | - John W. Carbone
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and EducationOak RidgeTennessee
- School of Health SciencesEastern Michigan UniversityYpsilantiMichigan
| | - Nancy E. Murphy
- Military Nutrition DivisionU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Christopher T. Carrigan
- Military Nutrition DivisionU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama
| | - Arny A. Ferrando
- Department of GeriatricsThe Center for Translational Research in Aging & LongevityDonald W. Reynolds Institute of AgingUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas
| | - Andrew J. Young
- Military Nutrition DivisionU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and EducationOak RidgeTennessee
| | - Lee M. Margolis
- Military Nutrition DivisionU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and EducationOak RidgeTennessee
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Li L, Fan CM. A CREB-MPP7-AMOT Regulatory Axis Controls Muscle Stem Cell Expansion and Self-Renewal Competence. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1253-1266. [PMID: 29091764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires resident muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells (SCs). SCs are largely quiescent during homeostasis yet become activated upon injury to supply myonuclei and self-renewed SCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the competence of SCs to proliferate and self-renew in response to injury remain unclear. Here, we show that CREB activity establishes proliferative potential during SC quiescence. SCs with inhibited CREB activity remain quiescent and positioned in their niche, but upon injury, they cannot enter or maintain a proliferative state for expansion and self-renewal. We demonstrate mechanistically that Mpp7 is a CREB target and its functional mediator. MPP7 loss affects the level and sub-cellular localization of AMOT and YAP1 in quiescent SCs. Furthermore, MPP7 and AMOT are required for YAP1 nuclear accumulation, and the three are individually required for a proliferative state in myoblasts. We propose that the CREB-MPP7-AMOT-YAP1 axis establishes the competence of quiescent SCs to expand and self-renew, thereby preserving stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Li
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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38
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Danièle N, Moal C, Julien L, Marinello M, Jamet T, Martin S, Vignaud A, Lawlor MW, Buj-Bello A. Intravenous Administration of a MTMR2-Encoding AAV Vector Ameliorates the Phenotype of Myotubular Myopathy in Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:282-295. [PMID: 29408998 PMCID: PMC5939852 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe congenital disorder in male infants that leads to generalized skeletal muscle weakness and is frequently associated with fatal respiratory failure. XLMTM is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MTM1 gene, which encodes myotubularin, the founder member of a family of 15 homologous proteins in mammals. We recently demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous delivery of rAAV vectors expressing MTM1 in animal models of myotubular myopathy. Here, we tested whether the closest homologues of MTM1, MTMR1, and MTMR2 (the latter being implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 4B1) are functionally redundant and could represent a therapeutic target for XLMTM. Serotype 9 recombinant AAV vectors encoding either MTM1, MTMR1, or MTMR2 were injected into the tibialis anterior muscle of Mtm1-deficient knockout mice. Two weeks after vector delivery, a therapeutic effect was observed with Mtm1 and Mtmr2, but not Mtmr1; with Mtm1 being the most efficacious transgene. Furthermore, intravenous administration of a single dose of the rAAV9-Mtmr2 vector in XLMTM mice improved the motor activity and muscle strength and prolonged survival throughout a 3-month study. These results indicate that strategies aiming at increasing MTMR2 expression levels in skeletal muscle may be beneficial in the treatment of myotubular myopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravenous
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escape Reaction/physiology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Locomotion/physiology
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Mutation
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/physiopathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/administration & dosage
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Danièle
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Christelle Moal
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Laura Julien
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Martina Marinello
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Thibaud Jamet
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Samia Martin
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Alban Vignaud
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- INTEGRARE, INSERM UMRS 951, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- R&D Department, Genethon, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
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39
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Hebert SL, Fitzpatrick KR, McConnell SA, Cucak A, Yuan C, McLoon LK. Effects of retinoic acid signaling on extraocular muscle myogenic precursor cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:101-111. [PMID: 29017757 PMCID: PMC6546114 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One major difference between limb and extraocular muscles (EOM) is the presence of an enriched population of Pitx2-positive myogenic precursor cells in EOM compared to limb muscle. We hypothesize that retinoic acid regulates Pitx2 expression in EOM myogenic precursor cells and that its effects would differ in leg muscle. The two muscle groups expressed differential retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) levels. RXR co-localized with the Pitx2-positive cells but not with those expressing Pax7. EOM-derived and LEG-derived EECD34 cells were treated with vehicle, retinoic acid, the RXR agonist bexarotene, the RAR inverse agonist BMS493, or the RXR antagonist UVI 3003. In vitro, fewer EOM-derived EECD34 cells expressed desmin and fused, while more LEG-derived cells expressed desmin and fused when treated with retinoic acid compared to vehicle. Both EOM and LEG-derived EECD34 cells exposed to retinoic acid showed a higher percentage of cells expressing Pitx2 compared to vehicle, supporting the hypothesis that retinoic acid plays a role in maintaining Pitx2 expression. We hypothesize that retinoic acid signaling aids in the maintenance of large numbers of undifferentiated myogenic precursor cells in the EOM, which would be required to maintain EOM normalcy throughout a lifetime of myonuclear turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie L Hebert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Krysta R Fitzpatrick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Samantha A McConnell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anja Cucak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ching Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Linda K McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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40
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Fei JF, Schuez M, Knapp D, Taniguchi Y, Drechsel DN, Tanaka EM. Efficient gene knockin in axolotl and its use to test the role of satellite cells in limb regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12501-12506. [PMID: 29087939 PMCID: PMC5703281 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706855114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salamanders exhibit extensive regenerative capacities and serve as a unique model in regeneration research. However, due to the lack of targeted gene knockin approaches, it has been difficult to label and manipulate some of the cell populations that are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying regeneration. Here we have established highly efficient gene knockin approaches in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) based on the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Using a homology-independent method, we successfully inserted both the Cherry reporter gene and a larger membrane-tagged Cherry-ERT2-Cre-ERT2 (∼5-kb) cassette into axolotl Sox2 and Pax7 genomic loci. Depending on the size of the DNA fragments for integration, 5-15% of the F0 transgenic axolotl are positive for the transgene. Using these techniques, we have labeled and traced the PAX7-positive satellite cells as a major source contributing to myogenesis during axolotl limb regeneration. Our work brings a key genetic tool to molecular and cellular studies of axolotl regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Feng Fei
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Maritta Schuez
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dunja Knapp
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuka Taniguchi
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David N Drechsel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Protein Expression Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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41
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Bosnakovski D, Toso EA, Hartweck LM, Magli A, Lee HA, Thompson ER, Dandapat A, Perlingeiro RCR, Kyba M. The DUX4 homeodomains mediate inhibition of myogenesis and are functionally exchangeable with the Pax7 homeodomain. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3685-3697. [PMID: 28935672 PMCID: PMC5702055 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by inappropriate expression of the double homeodomain protein DUX4. DUX4 has bimodal effects, inhibiting myogenic differentiation and blocking MyoD at low levels of expression, and killing myoblasts at high levels. Pax3 and Pax7, which contain related homeodomains, antagonize the cell death phenotype of DUX4 in C2C12 cells, suggesting some type of competitive interaction. Here, we show that the effects of DUX4 on differentiation and MyoD expression require the homeodomains but do not require the C-terminal activation domain of DUX4. We tested the set of equally related homeodomain proteins (Pax6, Pitx2c, OTX1, Rax, Hesx1, MIXL1 and Tbx1) and found that only Pax3 and Pax7 display phenotypic competition. Domain analysis on Pax3 revealed that the Pax3 homeodomain is necessary for phenotypic competition, but is not sufficient, as competition also requires the paired and transcriptional activation domains of Pax3. Remarkably, substitution mutants in which DUX4 homeodomains are replaced by Pax7 homeodomains retain the ability to inhibit differentiation and to induce cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Bosnakovski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev-Stip, 2000 Stip, R. Macedonia
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
| | - Erik A Toso
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
| | - Lynn M Hartweck
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55104, USA
| | - Heather A Lee
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
| | - Eliza R Thompson
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
| | - Abhijit Dandapat
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55104, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55014, USA
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42
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Roy SD, Williams VC, Pipalia TG, Li K, Hammond CL, Knappe S, Knight RD, Hughes SM. Myotome adaptability confers developmental robustness to somitic myogenesis in response to fibre number alteration. Dev Biol 2017; 431:321-335. [PMID: 28887016 PMCID: PMC5667637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Balancing the number of stem cells and their progeny is crucial for tissue development and repair. Here we examine how cell numbers and overall muscle size are tightly regulated during zebrafish somitic muscle development. Muscle stem/precursor cell (MPCs) expressing Pax7 are initially located in the dermomyotome (DM) external cell layer, adopt a highly stereotypical distribution and thereafter a proportion of MPCs migrate into the myotome. Regional variations in the proliferation and terminal differentiation of MPCs contribute to growth of the myotome. To probe the robustness of muscle size control and spatiotemporal regulation of MPCs, we compared the behaviour of wild type (wt) MPCs with those in mutant zebrafish that lack the muscle regulatory factor Myod. Myodfh261 mutants form one third fewer multinucleate fast muscle fibres than wt and show a significant expansion of the Pax7+ MPC population in the DM. Subsequently, myodfh261 mutant fibres generate more cytoplasm per nucleus, leading to recovery of muscle bulk. In addition, relative to wt siblings, there is an increased number of MPCs in myodfh261 mutants and these migrate prematurely into the myotome, differentiate and contribute to the hypertrophy of existing fibres. Thus, homeostatic reduction of the excess MPCs returns their number to normal levels, but fibre numbers remain low. The GSK3 antagonist BIO prevents MPC migration into the deep myotome, suggesting that canonical Wnt pathway activation maintains the DM in zebrafish, as in amniotes. BIO does not, however, block recovery of the myodfh261 mutant myotome, indicating that homeostasis acts on fibre intrinsic growth to maintain muscle bulk. The findings suggest the existence of a critical window for early fast fibre formation followed by a period in which homeostatic mechanisms regulate myotome growth by controlling fibre size. The feedback controls we reveal in muscle help explain the extremely precise grading of myotome size along the body axis irrespective of fish size, nutrition and genetic variation and may form a paradigm for wider matching of organ size. A critical window for early muscle fibre formation is proposed. Fish lacking MyoD1 form fewer muscle fibres, but have more myogenic stem cells. Stem cell numbers rapidly return to normal during subsequent development. GSK3 activity promotes and MyoD1 delays myoblast migration into the myotome. Compensatory fibre size increase ensures robustness of overall muscle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukolpa D Roy
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria C Williams
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tapan G Pipalia
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kuoyu Li
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christina L Hammond
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefanie Knappe
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, UK
| | - Robert D Knight
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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43
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Laggner M, Pollreisz A, Schmidinger G, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chen YT. Autophagy mediates cell cycle response by regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport of PAX6 in limbal stem cells under ultraviolet-A stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180868. [PMID: 28700649 PMCID: PMC5507275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSC) account for homeostasis and regeneration of corneal epithelium. Solar ultraviolet A (UVA) is the major source causing oxidative damage in the ocular surface. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation mechanism, is essential for physiologic function and stress defense of stem cells. PAX6, a master transcription factor governing corneal homeostasis by regulating cell cycle and cell fate of LSC, responds to oxidative stress by nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Impaired autophagy and deregulated PAX6 have been reported in oxidative stress-related ocular surface disorders. We hypothesize a functional role for autophagy and PAX6 in LSC’s stress response to UVA. Therefore, human LSC colonies were irradiated with a sub-lethal dose of UVA and autophagic activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by CYTO-ID assay and CM-H2DCFDA live staining, respectively. Following UVA irradiation, the percentage of autophagic cells significantly increased in LSC colonies while intracellular ROS levels remained unaffected. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of ATG7 abolished UVA-induced autophagy and led to an excessive accumulation of ROS. Upon UVA exposure, LSCs displayed nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of PAX6, while ATG7KD or antioxidant pretreatment largely attenuated the intracellular trafficking event. Immunofluorescence showing downregulation of proliferative marker PCNA and induction of cell cycle regulator p21 indicates cell cycle arrest in UVA-irradiated LSC. Abolishing autophagy, adenoviral-assisted restoration of nuclear PAX6 or antioxidant pretreatment abrogated the UVA-induced cell cycle arrest. Adenoviral expression of an ectopic PAX gene, PAX7, did not affect UVA cell cycle response. Furthermore, knocking down PAX6 attenuated the cell cycle progression of irradiated ATG7KD LSC by de-repressing p21 expression. Collectively, our data suggest a crosstalk between autophagy and PAX6 in regulating cell cycle response of ocular progenitors under UVA stress. Autophagy deficiency leads to impaired intracellular trafficking of PAX6, perturbed redox balance and uncurbed cell cycle progression in UVA-stressed LSCs. The coupling of autophagic machinery and PAX6 in cell cycle regulation represents an attractive therapeutic target for hyperproliferative ocular surface disorders associated with solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laggner
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pollreisz
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Schmidinger
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ying-Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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44
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Sakai H, Fukuda S, Nakamura M, Uezumi A, Noguchi YT, Sato T, Morita M, Yamada H, Tsuchida K, Tajbakhsh S, Fukada SI. Notch ligands regulate the muscle stem-like state ex vivo but are not sufficient for retaining regenerative capacity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177516. [PMID: 28498863 PMCID: PMC5428926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenic stem cells are a promising avenue for the treatment of muscular disorders. Freshly isolated muscle stem cells have a remarkable engraftment ability in vivo, but their cell number is limited. Current conventional culture conditions do not allow muscle stem cells to expand in vitro with their bona fide engraftment efficiency, requiring the improvement of culture procedures for achieving successful cell-therapy for muscle disorders. Here we expanded mouse muscle stem cells and human myoblasts with Notch ligands, DLL1, DLL4, and JAG1 to activate Notch signaling in vitro and to investigate whether these cells could retain their engraftment efficiency. Notch signaling promotes the expansion of Pax7+MyoD- mouse muscle stem-like cells and inhibits differentiation even after passage in vitro. Treatment with Notch ligands induced the Notch target genes and generated PAX7+MYOD- stem-like cells from human myoblasts previously cultured on conventional culture plates. However, cells treated with Notch ligands exhibit a stem cell-like state in culture, yet their regenerative ability was less than that of freshly isolated cells in vivo and was comparable to that of the control. These unexpected findings suggest that artificial maintenance of Notch signaling alone is insufficient for improving regenerative capacity of mouse and human donor-muscle cells and suggest that combinatorial events are critical to achieve muscle stem cell and myoblast engraftment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakai
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sumiaki Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu-taro Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Harumoto Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ST); (SF)
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (ST); (SF)
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45
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Lilja KC, Zhang N, Magli A, Gunduz V, Bowman CJ, Arpke RW, Darabi R, Kyba M, Perlingeiro R, Dynlacht BD. Pax7 remodels the chromatin landscape in skeletal muscle stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176190. [PMID: 28441415 PMCID: PMC5404880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) hold great promise for the treatment of human skeletal muscle diseases. However, it remains challenging to convert PSC to skeletal muscle cells, and the mechanisms by which the master regulatory transcription factor, Pax7, promotes muscle stem (satellite) cell identity are not yet understood. We have taken advantage of PSC-derived skeletal muscle precursor cells (iPax7), wherein the induced expression of Pax7 robustly initiates the muscle program and enables the in vitro generation of precursors that seed the satellite cell compartment upon transplantation. Remarkably, we found that chromatin accessibility in myogenic precursors pre-figures subsequent activation of myogenic differentiation genes. We also found that Pax7 binding is generally restricted to euchromatic regions and excluded from H3K27 tri-methylated regions in muscle cells, suggesting that recruitment of this factor is circumscribed by chromatin state. Further, we show that Pax7 binding induces dramatic, localized remodeling of chromatin characterized by the acquisition of histone marks associated with enhancer activity and induction of chromatin accessibility in both muscle precursors and lineage-committed myoblasts. Conversely, removal of Pax7 leads to rapid reversal of these features on a subset of enhancers. Interestingly, another cluster of Pax7 binding sites is associated with a durably accessible and remodeled chromatin state after removal of Pax7, and persistent enhancer accessibility is associated with subsequent, proximal binding by the muscle regulatory factors, MyoD1 and myogenin. Our studies provide new insights into the epigenetic landscape of skeletal muscle stem cells and precursors and the role of Pax7 in satellite cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin C. Lilja
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Volkan Gunduz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Bowman
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Arpke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Radbod Darabi
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Rita Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Oster M, Trakooljul N, Reyer H, Zeyner A, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Sex-Specific Muscular Maturation Responses Following Prenatal Exposure to Methylation-Related Micronutrients in Pigs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010074. [PMID: 28106759 PMCID: PMC5295118 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of micronutrients involved in DNA methylation, particularly during pregnancy, is recommended because of its impacts on human health, but further evidence is needed regarding the effects of over-supplementation and differences between sexes. Here, a porcine model was used to assess effects of maternal supplementation with one-carbon-cycle compounds during prenatal and postnatal stages on offspring muscle development. Sows received either a standard diet (CON) or a standard diet supplemented with folate, B6, B12, methionine, choline, and zinc (MET) throughout gestation. Myogenesis-, growth-, and nutrient utilization-related transcript expression was assessed using quantitative PCR. Organismal phenotype and gene expression effects differed significantly between males and females. Male MET-offspring showed increased fetal weight during late pregnancy but decreased live weight postnatally, with compensatory transcriptional responses comprising myogenic key drivers (Pax7, MyoD1, myogenin). In contrast, female weights were unaffected by diet, and mRNA abundances corresponded to a phenotype of cellular reorganization via FABP3, FABP4, SPP1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor-signaling. These findings in an animal model suggest that supplementation during pregnancy with methylation-related micronutrients can promote sex-specific myogenic maturation processes related to organismal growth and muscle metabolism. The usage of maternal dietary supplements should be more carefully considered regarding its ability to promote fetal and postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Animal Nutrition, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Abstract
The precise identity of spermatogonial stem cells-the germline stem cell of the adult testis-remains a controversial topic. Technical limitations have included the lack of specific markers and methods for lineage tracing of Asingle spermatogonia and their subsets. Immunolocalization of proteins in tissue sections has been a standard tool for the in situ identification and visualization of rare cellular subsets. However, these studies are limited by the need for faithful and reliable protein markers to define these cell types, as well as the availability of specific antibodies to these markers. Here we describe the use of a monoclonal antibody to Pax7 as a means to detect spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) both in tissue sections and in intact seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, we describe methods for lineage tracing as an alternative method to visualize Pax7+ spermatogonial stem cells and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Aloisio
- Department of Pathology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA.
| | - Ileana Cuevas
- Department of Pathology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Yuji Nakada
- Department of Pathology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Christopher G Peña
- Department of Pathology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA.
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Itoh Y, Murakami T, Mori T, Agata N, Kimura N, Inoue-Miyazu M, Hayakawa K, Hirano T, Sokabe M, Kawakami K. Training at non-damaging intensities facilitates recovery from muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:243-253. [PMID: 27301985 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance training promotes recovery from muscle atrophy, but optimum training programs have not been established. We aimed to determine the optimum training intensity for muscle atrophy. METHODS Mice recovering from atrophied muscles after 2 weeks of tail suspension underwent repeated isometric training with varying joint torques 50 times per day. RESULTS Muscle recovery assessed by maximal isometric contraction and myofiber cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were facilitated at 40% and 60% maximum contraction strength (MC), but at not at 10% and 90% MC. At 60% and 90% MC, damaged and contained smaller diameter fibers were observed. Activation of myogenic satellite cells and a marked increase in myonuclei were observed at 40%, 60%, and 90% MC. CONCLUSIONS The increases in myofiber CSAs were likely caused by increased myonuclei formed through fusion of resistance-induced myofibers with myogenic satellite cells. These data indicate that resistance training without muscle damage facilitates efficient recovery from atrophy. Muscle Nerve 55: 243-253, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Itoh
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Program, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, Seto, Japan
| | - Taro Murakami
- Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Ohbu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mori
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Program, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Agata
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Program, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kimura
- Aiche Medical College for Physical and Occupational Therapy, Kiyosu, Japan
| | | | - Kimihide Hayakawa
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirano
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, Seto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Program, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, Dannoharu 700, Oita City, 870-1192, Japan
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Bonic A, Poon M, Woods MG, Trounson AO. Expression of neural crest markers by human embryonic stem cells: an introductory project. Aust Orthod J 2016; 32:175-183. [PMID: 29509342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neural crest cells make up a transient migratory population of cells found in all vertebrate embryos. Great advances have been made over the past 20 years in clarifying the molecular basis of neural crest induction and, although much still remains unclear, it appears that it is a process involving several factors acting at different stages of embryogenesis. In the future, an understanding of the precise mechanisms involved in orofacial development, even at the earliest stages, may well be of use to all clinicians interested in the management of these tissues. AIM The present study was designed to determine if the early addition of noggin (a bone morphogenetic protein lBMP) antagonist) and/or the late addition of BMP4 would increase the expression of the transcription factors: Msx-1, Snail, Slug and Pax-7. METHOD This involved an assessment of the effects of early addition ( Days 0 to 3) of noggin and/or the late addition ( Days 4 to 7) of BMP4 on2the expression of the neural crest markers by human embryonic stem cells, co-cultured for eight days on a feeder layer of mouse PA6 cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The expression of the neural crest markers Pax-7, Msx-1, Slug, and Snail by human embryonic stem cells is likely to be affected by the addition of noggin and BMP4. Not all of these effects will necessarily be significant. The late addition of BMP4 is likely to significantly increase the expression of Pax-7 by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), when compared with the effects of co-culturing with stromal cell-derived inducing activity, alone. The early addition of noggin and the late addition of BMP4 are likely to significantly increase the expression of Msx-1 by hESCs, when compared with the late addition of BMP4, alone. The hESC results support those from animal ESC studies that the late addition of BMP4, especially, may result in the differentiation of neural crest precursors.
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50
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Liu T, Yu JN, Zou DH, Chen YP, Lu ZX, Yan J, Zhang L, Huo ZJ. [Effect of Electroacupuncture Serum on Proliferation of Cultured Multifidus Muscle Satellite Cells and Expression of Pax-7, MyoD and p-Akt]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2016; 41:402-409. [PMID: 29071940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) serum on proliferation of multifidus muscle sa-tellite cells (SCs) and expression of paired box transcription factor Pax-7, MyoD and protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) proteins of SCs, so as to explore its underlying mechanism in promoting repair of multifidus muscles. METHODS Thirty-two SD rats were randomly assigned to control, model, EA-Weizhong (BL 40) and EA-Shenshu (BL 23) groups. The multifidus muscle injury (MFMI) model was established by injection of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (400 μL) into the bilateral L4-L5 paravertebral muscles (4 points, 100 μL for each point). EA stimulation was separately applied to bilateral BL 40 and BL 23 for 20 min, once daily, 4 days altogether. Blood samples of the abdominal artery of rats in the above mentioned 4 groups were separately collected for extracting serum, followed by deactivation and filtration, and then were respectively applied to the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media (DMEM) culturing each multifidus muscle SCs of the normal serum, model serum, EA-BL 40 serum and EA-BL 40 serum+LY 294002 (an inhibitor of phosphotidylinsitol-3-kinase, PI 3 K), EA-BL 23 serum and EA-BL 23 serum+LY 294002 groups for ana-lyzing the impact of EA serum on the proliferation state of SCs by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) methods, respectively. The expression of Pax-7, MyoD and phosphorylated (p)-Akt proteins of the cultured SCs was detected for characterization of SCs by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the normal serum group, the proliferation levels (detected by both CCK-8- and EdU) and the expression levels of MyoD and p-Akt proteins of SCs in the model serum group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while in comparison with the model serum group, the proliferation and expression levels of MyoD and p-Akt proteins of SCs were further significantly increased in both EA-BL 23 and EA-BL 40 serum groups (P<0.01, P<0.05), but not in the EA-BL 40 serum+LY 294002 and EA-BL 23 serum+LY 294002 groups (P>0.05), suggesting an involvement of PI 3 K in the proliferation of SCs. No marked differences were found in the proliferation levels between the EA-BL 23 and EA-BL 40 serum groups and in the expression levels of Pax-7 proteins among the 6 serum groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both EA-BL 40 and EA-BL 23 serum can promote proliferation of multifidus muscle SCs, which may contribute to the effect of EA intervention in promoting repair of the injured muscle, partially by way of Akt/PI 3 K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095
| | - Jia-Ni Yu
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120
| | - De-Hui Zou
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Pei Chen
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zong-Xiao Lu
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ze-Jun Huo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing 100191.
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