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Yao B, Wu C, Zhang X, Yao J, Xue J, Zhao Y, Li T, Pu J. The EEG-Based Fusion Entropy-Featured Identification of Isometric Contraction Forces under the Same Action. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2323. [PMID: 38610534 PMCID: PMC11014078 DOI: 10.3390/s24072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the important role of assessing force levels in accurately controlling upper limb movements in human-computer interfaces. It uses a new method that combines entropy to improve the recognition of force levels. This research aims to differentiate between different levels of isometric contraction forces using electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis. It integrates eight different entropy measures: power spectrum entropy (PSE), singular spectrum entropy (SSE), logarithmic energy entropy (LEE), approximation entropy (AE), sample entropy (SE), fuzzy entropy (FE), alignment entropy (PE), and envelope entropy (EE). The findings emphasize two important advances: first, including a wide range of entropy features significantly improves classification efficiency; second, the fusion entropy method shows exceptional accuracy in classifying isometric contraction forces. It achieves an accuracy rate of 91.73% in distinguishing between 15% and 60% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) forces, along with 69.59% accuracy in identifying variations across 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% MVC. These results illuminate the efficacy of employing fusion entropy in EEG signal analysis for isometric contraction detection, heralding new opportunities for advancing motor control and facilitating fine motor movements through sophisticated human-computer interface technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; (B.Y.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chengzhen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; (B.Y.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; (B.Y.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junjie Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; (B.Y.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianchao Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (J.X.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (J.X.)
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; (B.Y.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiangbo Pu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; (B.Y.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
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Matsumoto A, Ogawa A, Oshima C, Aruga R, Ikeda M, Sasaya R, Toriyama M, Irie K, Liang N. Attentional focus differentially modulates the corticospinal and intracortical excitability during dynamic and static exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:807-820. [PMID: 38357730 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00821.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Although attentional focus affects motor performance, whether corticospinal excitability and intracortical modulations differ between focus strategies depending on the exercise patterns remains unclear. In the present study, using single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation, we demonstrated changes in the cortical and spinal excitability under external focus (EF) and internal focus (IF) conditions with dynamic or static exercise. Participants performed the ramp-and-hold contraction task of right index finger abduction against an object (sponge or wood) with both exercises. They were asked to concentrate on the pressure on the sponge/wood induced by finger abduction under the EF condition, and on the index finger itself under the IF condition. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) and F-wave in the premotor, phasic, or tonic phase, and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI, respectively), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the premotor phase were examined by recording surface electromyographic activity in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. Increments in the MEP amplitude were larger under the EF condition than under the IF condition in the dynamic, but not static, exercise. The F-wave, SICI, and LICI did not differ between focus conditions in both exercises. In the dynamic exercise, interestingly, ICF was greater under the EF condition than under the IF condition and positively correlated with the MEP amplitude. These results indicate that corticospinal excitability and intracortical modulations to attentional focus differ depending on exercise patterns, suggesting that attentional focus differentially affects the central nervous system responsible for diverse motor behaviors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated attentional focus-dependent corticospinal and intracortical modulations in dynamic or static exercise. The corticospinal excitability was modulated differentially depending on the focus of attention during dynamic, but not static exercise. Although the reduction of intracortical GABAergic inhibition was comparable between focus conditions in both exercises, intracortical facilitation was smaller when focusing on the internal environments in the dynamic exercise, resulting in lower activation of the corticospinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiri Matsumoto
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akari Ogawa
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Oshima
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rieko Aruga
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Ikeda
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ren Sasaya
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyabi Toriyama
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Irie
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nan Liang
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Keerasomboon T, Soga T, Hirose N. The Effect of Variations in Knee and Hip Angles on Electromyographic Activity of the Hamstrings and Related Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:275-283. [PMID: 38439779 PMCID: PMC10909307 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The benefit of performing the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) on an inclined board has been described, however, isometric hamstring activation in different knee and hip angles has not yet been thoroughly explored. Purpose This study investigated the effect of variations in knee and hip angles during the isometric performance of the NHE on electromyographic activity of the hamstring muscles. Study design Crossover study. Methods Thirteen male volunteers performed isometric contractions during the NHE with the knee (30°, 50°, 60°) and the hip (0°, 30°, and 45°) in various angles of flexion on a leg support platform which was inclined at 30°. An electrical goniometer was used to monitor the knee and hip joint angles during 5-s isometric contractions. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare normalized electromyographic values of each muscle across different knee and hip angles, followed by pairwise comparisons. Results The electromyographic activity of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus at a knee angle of 30° and hip angle of 0° were significantly higher than those observed with a knee angle of 50° and hip angle of 0°, or a knee angle of 60° and hip angle of 0° (p<0.05). The electromyographic activity of the semimembranosus at a knee angle of 60° and hip angle of 45° was significantly higher than values obtained with knee and hip angles of 60° and 0°, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions The results indicate that using a knee flexion of 30° and a hip flexion of 0°, while isometrically performing the NHE on a platform inclined at 30°, may optimize electromyographic activity of the hamstrings. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiaki Soga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
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Fischer J, Paternoster FK. Post-Activation-Performance Enhancement: Possible Contributing Factors. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:34-45. [PMID: 38455437 PMCID: PMC10915613 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to narrow down the possible mechanisms of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE), especially if they are exclusively found in the muscle. It was therefore investigated whether (1) the PAPE effect is influenced by neural factors and (2) if Post-Activation-Potentiation (PAP) influences PAPE. Thirteen strength-trained participants (26.5 ± 3.2 years) took part in at least one of three interventions (PAP, PAPE-Electrical (PAPEE), and PAPE-Voluntary (PAPEV)). Conditioning contractions (CC) and testing involved isometric knee extensions performed on an isokinetic device at an 80° knee flexion angle. The CC was either performed voluntarily (PAP, PAPEV) or was evoked through electrical stimulation (PAPEE). Testing was performed at baseline and after two seconds, four minutes, eight minutes, and twelve minutes of the CC. Maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) for the PAPE trials and supramaximal twitches for the PAP trial were used for testing. Parameters of interest were peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD), and electromyography (EMG) amplitude of the quadriceps (only PAPE). Repeated measures ANOVA and simple contrast comparisons were used for statistical analysis. Peak torque (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.715) and RTD (p = 0. 005, η2p = 0.570) increased significantly during the PAP protocol immediately two seconds after the CC and decreased to near baseline values for the following time points (p > 0.05). Peak torque, RTD, and peak EMG showed no significant differences during PAPEE and PAPEV trials (p > 0.05). Due to the lack of a visible PAPE effect, the question of whether neural mechanisms influence PAPE cannot be answered. Due to the time course of the PAP analysis, it is questionable if these mechanisms play a role in PAPE. The assumption that the PAP mechanism influences PAPE cannot be confirmed for the same reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fischer
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Austria
| | - Florian K Paternoster
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Javorský T, Saeterbakken AH, Andersen V, Baláš J. Comparing low volume of blood flow restricted to high-intensity resistance training of the finger flexors to maintain climbing-specific strength and endurance: a crossover study. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1256136. [PMID: 37841889 PMCID: PMC10570524 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1256136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is acknowledged that training during recovery periods after injury involves reducing both volume and intensity, often resulting in losses of sport-specific fitness. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) and low-intensity training with blood flow restriction (LIT + BFR) of the finger flexors in order to preserve climbing-specific strength and endurance. Methods In a crossover design, thirteen intermediate climbers completed two 5-week periods of isometric finger flexors training on a hangboard. The trainings consisted of ten LIT + BFR (30% of max) or HIT sessions (60% of max without BFR) and were undertaken in a randomized order. The training session consisted of 6 unilateral sets of 1 min intermittent hanging at a 7:3 work relief ratio for both hands. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), force impulse from the 4 min all out test (W), critical force (CF) and force impulse above the critical force (W') of the finger flexors were assessed before, after the first, and after the second training period, using a climbing-specific dynamometer. Forearm muscle oxidative capacity was estimated from an occlusion test using near-infrared spectroscopy at the same time points. Results Both training methods led to maintaining strength and endurance indicators, however, no interaction (P > 0.05) was found between the training methods for any strength or endurance variable. A significant increase (P = 0.002) was found for W, primarily driven by the HIT group (pretest-25078 ± 7584 N.s, post-test-27327 ± 8051 N.s, P = 0.012, Cohen's d = 0.29). There were no significant (P > 0.05) pre- post-test changes for MVC (HIT: Cohen's d = 0.13; LIT + BFR: Cohen's d = -0.10), CF (HIT: Cohen's d = 0.36; LIT + BFR = 0.05), W` (HIT: Cohen's d = -0.03, LIT + BFR = 0.12), and forearm muscle oxidative capacity (HIT: Cohen's d = -0.23; LIT + BFR: Cohen's d = -0.07). Conclusions Low volume of BFR and HIT led to similar results, maintaining climbing-specific strength and endurance in lower grade and intermediate climbers. It appears that using BFR training may be an alternative approach after finger injury as low mechanical impact occurs during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Javorský
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Atle Hole Saeterbakken
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Vidar Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Jiří Baláš
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Meireles A, Souza HLR, Arriel RA, Ribeiro GGS, Rodrigues AB, DE Oliveira GT, Ide BN, Chagas MH, Marocolo M. Attenuation of Neuromuscular Fatigue by Ischemic Preconditioning with Moderate Cuff Pressure is Not Related to Muscle Oxygen Saturation in Men. Int J Exerc Sci 2023; 16:1025-1037. [PMID: 37650034 PMCID: PMC10464762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been an excellent strategy for enhancing sports performance recovery, although there is still no consensus on the ideal protocol. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of IPC with different cuff pressures (low pressure, medium pressure, and high pressure) on the attenuation of neuromuscular fatigue after an isometric test protocol. And to verify whether this improvement was related to muscle oxygen saturation during the test protocol. Thirty males (18-35 years old) with experience in resistance training were allocated to three different groups: low pressure (20 mmHg), medium pressure (100 mmHg), and high pressure (190 mmHg). The individual occlusion pressure of each participant was identified using ultrasound. Each participant performed two test protocols (8 maximal isometric contractions lasting 20-s with a 10-s rest interval) in an extension chair; after the first test protocol, the participant received the IPC intervention with a low, medium, or high cuff pressure or received the noncuff intervention (randomized order). Only the medium-pressure group showed a smaller decrease in mean force change compared to the no-cuff condition (-4.40% vs. -13.10%, p=0.01, respectively), and the low- and high-pressure groups did not exhibit significant pressure differences (IPC vs. noncuff: -8.40% vs. -13.10%, p=0.11 and -9.10% vs. -14.70%, p=0.12, respectively). Muscle oxygen saturation across test protocols showed no significant differences in all IPC conditions (p>0.05). Although, IPC with medium pressure was effective at optimizing the recovery of neuromuscular performance, this improvement is not related to an increase in muscle oxygen saturation during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Meireles
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Hiago L R Souza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Rhaí A Arriel
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Guilherme G S Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Alex B Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Géssyca T DE Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Bernardo N Ide
- Exercise Science, Healthy and Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Mauro H Chagas
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BRAZIL
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Mohrsen A, Lund H, Rasmussen SZ, Vægter HB, Vela J, Hansen S, Christensen SWM. Acute exercise of painful muscles does not reduce the hypoalgesic response in young healthy women - a randomized crossover study. Scand J Pain 2023; 23:599-607. [PMID: 37137551 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is characterized by an increase in pain threshold following acute exercise. EIH is reduced in some individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, although the mechanisms are unknown. It has been hypothesized that this may relate to whether exercises are performed in painful or non-painful body regions. The primary aim of this randomized experimental crossover study was to investigate whether the presence of pain per se in the exercising muscles reduced the local EIH response. The secondary aim was to investigate if EIH responses were also reduced in non-exercising remote muscles. METHODS Pain-free women (n=34) participated in three separate sessions. In session 1, the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for a single legged isometric knee extension exercise was determined. In sessions 2 and 3, pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed at the thigh and shoulder muscles before and after a 3-min exercise at 30 % of MVC. Exercises were performed with or without thigh muscle pain, which was induced by either a painful injection (hypertonic saline, 5.8 %) or a non-painful injection (isotonic saline, 0.9 %) into the thigh muscle. Muscle pain intensity was assessed with an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) at baseline, after injections, during and after exercises. RESULTS PPTs increased at thigh and shoulder muscles after exercise with painful (14.0-24.9 %) and non-painful (14.3-19.5 %) injections and no significant between-injection EIH differences were observed (p>0.30). Muscle pain intensity was significantly higher following the painful injection compared to the non-painful injection (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exercising painful muscles did not reduce the local or remote hypoalgesic responses, suggesting that the pain-relieving effects of isometric exercises are not reduced by exercising painful body regions. ETHICAL COMMITTEE NUMBER S-20210184. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05299268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Mohrsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lund
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Bjarke Vægter
- Pain Research Group, Pain Center, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Vela
- Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Hansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffan Wittrup McPhee Christensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
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Yamauchi N, Tamai K, Kimura I, Naito A, Tokuda N, Ashida Y, Motohashi N, Aoki Y, Yamada T. High-intensity interval training in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin-deficient muscle. J Physiol 2023; 601:2917-2933. [PMID: 37184335 DOI: 10.1113/jp284532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle-wasting disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and easy fatigability. Here we examined whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from dystrophin-deficient mdx52 mice. Isometric HIIT was performed on plantar flexor muscles in vivo with supramaximal electrical stimulation every other day for 4 weeks (a total of 15 sessions). In the non-trained contralateral gastrocnemius muscle from mdx52 mice, the decreased fatigue resistance was associated with a reduction in the amount of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial respiratory complex II, LC3B-II/I ratio, and mitophagy-related gene expression (i.e. Pink1, parkin, Bnip3 and Bcl2l13) as well as an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Src Tyr416 and Akt Ser473, the amount of p62, and the percentage of Evans Blue dye-positive area. Isometric HIIT restored all these alterations and markedly improved fatigue resistance in mdx52 muscles. Moreover, an acute bout of HIIT increased the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172, acetyl CoA carboxylase Ser79, unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) Ser555, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 in mdx52 muscles. Thus, our data show that HIIT with isometric contractions significantly mitigates histological signs of pathology and improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin-deficient muscles. These beneficial effects can be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMPK-dependent induction of the mitophagy programme and de novo mitochondrial biogenesis. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle fatigue is often associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and leads to an inability to perform daily tasks, profoundly decreasing quality of life. We examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction on fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from the mdx52 mouse model of DMD. Isometric HIIT counteracted the reduced fatigue resistance as well as dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle of mdx52 mice. This beneficial effect could be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of the mitophagy programme in the dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tamai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Iori Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Azuma Naito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nao Tokuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Motohashi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Murakami T. Isometric contraction induces transient increase of REDD1 expression in non-contracted muscles partly through glucocorticoids. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15745. [PMID: 37280729 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether muscle contraction induces expression of regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1), a potent inhibitor of mTORC1, in mice muscle. Gastrocnemius muscle was unilaterally and isometrically contracted with electrical stimulation, and changes in muscle protein synthesis, mTORC1 signaling phosphorylation, and REDD1 protein, and mRNA were measured at time points of 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the contraction. At time point 0 and 3 h, muscle protein synthesis was blunted by the contraction, accompanied by a decrease in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at time point 0 h, suggesting suppression of mTORC1 was involved in blunting of muscle protein synthesis during and shortly after the contraction. REDD1 protein was not increased in the contracted muscle at these time points, but at time point 3 h, both REDD1 protein and mRNA were increased in the contralateral non-contracted muscle. The induction of REDD1 expression in the non-contracted muscle was attenuated by RU-486, an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor, suggesting that glucocorticoids are involved in this process. These findings suggest that muscle contraction induces temporal anabolic resistance in non-contracted muscle, potentially increasing the availability of amino acids for contracted muscle, allowing for the synthesis of muscle protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Murakami
- Department of Nutrition, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
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Patricio P, Mailloux C, Wideman TH, Langevin P, Descarreaux M, Beaulieu LD, Massé-Alarie H. Assessment of exercise-induced hypoalgesia in chronic low back pain and potential associations with psychological factors and central sensitization symptoms: A case-control study. Pain Pract 2023; 23:264-276. [PMID: 36461643 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise is the most recommended treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and is effective in reducing pain, but the mechanisms underlying its effects remain poorly understood. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) may play a role and is thought to be driven by central pain modulation mechanisms. However, EIH appears to be disrupted in many chronic pain conditions and its presence in people with CLBP remains unclear. As people suffering from chronic pain often exhibit psychological factors and central sensitization symptoms influencing pain perception, EIH might be associated with these factors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the level of EIH between participants with and without CLBP following back and wrist exercises and to assess the associations between EIH, psychological factors, and symptoms of central sensitization (using the central sensitization inventory - CSI) in CLBP. METHOD Twenty-eight participants with CLBP and 23 without pain were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured at 4 sites (2 bony sites = capitate, S1|2 muscle sites = wrist flexors, lumbar erector spinae) before and after each of two exercises (wrist flexion and lumbar extension). Exercise-induced hypoalgesia was defined as percent change in PPT from pre- to post-exercise. Participants with CLBP also completed questionnaires to measure psychological factors (e.g., kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, anxiety, and self-efficacy) and symptoms of central sensitization (CSI), and correlations with EIH were calculated. RESULTS After wrist exercise, EIH measured at the muscle sites was lower in the CLBP group compared with the pain-free group (p = 0.047) but no differences were found at bony sites (p = 0.49). No significant differences for EIH were observed following back exercise at muscle sites (p = 0.14) or at bony sites (p = 0.65). Exercise-induced hypoalgesia was not correlated with any psychological factors or with the CSI score. CONCLUSION The lower EIH following wrist exercises may represent an alteration in pain modulation control in CLBP. However, psychological factors and central sensitization symptoms may not explain the differences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Patricio
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Mailloux
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,PhysioInteractive/Cortex, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy H Wideman
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Langevin
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,PhysioInteractive/Cortex, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Descarreaux
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-David Beaulieu
- BioNR Research Lab, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugo Massé-Alarie
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (Cirris), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Nakamura M, Konrad A, Kasahara K, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Sato S, Aizawa K, Koizumi R, Wilke J. The Combined Effect of Static Stretching and Foam Rolling With or Without Vibration on the Range of Motion, Muscle Performance, and Tissue Hardness of the Knee Extensor. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:322-327. [PMID: 35544351 PMCID: PMC7614110 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nakamura, M, Konrad, A, Kasahara, K, Yoshida, R, Murakami, Y, Sato, S, Aizawa, K, Koizumi, R, and Wilke, J. The combined effect of static stretching and foam rolling with or without vibration on the range of motion, muscle performance, and tissue hardness of the knee extensor. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 322-327, 2023-Although the combination of static stretching (SS) and foam rolling (FR) is frequently used for warm-up in sports, the effect of the intervention order is unclear. This study compared mechanical tissue properties, pain sensitivity, and motor function after SS and FR (with and without vibration) performed in different orders. Our randomized, controlled, crossover experiment included 15 healthy male subjects (22.5 ± 3.3 years) who visited the laboratory 5 times (inactive control condition, FR + SS, FR vibration + SS, SS + FR, and SS + FR vibration ) with an interval of ≥48 hours. In each session, subjects completed three 60-second bouts of FR and SS, targeting the anterior thigh. Pressure pain threshold, tissue hardness, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), maximal voluntary isometric (MVC-ISO), and concentric (MVC-CON) torque, as well as countermovement jump height, were determined before and after the intervention. All interventions significantly ( p < 0.01) increased knee flexion ROM ( d = 0.78, d = 0.87, d = 1.39, and d = 0.87, respectively) while decreasing tissue hardness ( d = -1.25, d = -1.09, d = -1.18, and d = -1.24, respectively). However, MVC-ISO torque was significantly reduced only after FR + SS ( p = 0.05, d = -0.59). Our results suggest that SS should be followed by FR when aiming to increase ROM and reduce tissue hardness without concomitant stretch-induced force deficits (MVC-ISO, MVC-CON, and countermovement jump height). Additionally, adding vibration to FR does not seem to affect the magnitude of changes observed in the examined outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kazuki Kasahara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kodai Aizawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryoma Koizumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Devorski L, Skibski A, Fukuda DH, Stout JR, Ingersoll CD, Mangum LC. Optimizing normalization methods of the external oblique: A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023; 36:1179-1184. [PMID: 37458021 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate normalization methodology to establish maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) is needed to compare %MVIC values for core exercise completed until discontinuation. Clinicians can use %MVIC classifications to guide their preventative and rehabilitative exercise interventions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare %MVIC of the external oblique (EO) between normalization techniques of side-lying lateral trunk flexion and Roman chair lateral trunk flexion. METHODS Twenty-two participants completed two MVIC techniques followed by one repetition of the prone bridge plank (PBP), torso elevated side plank (TESP), foot elevated side plank (FESP), dead bug and bird dog. The average %MVIC during the first 5-seconds, last 5-seconds and overall duration of exercise were included for analysis. ANOVA was used to compare normalized %MVIC from each of the 5 exercises between MVIC techniques. Alpha set a priori p= 0.05. RESULTS The side-lying table technique yielded no %MVIC values above 100%, while the Roman chair technique produced 7 values above 100%. The largest mean difference between techniques was during the last 5-seconds of the torso elevated side plank (57.87 ± 38.51%MVIC, p< 0.001). CONCLUSION The side-lying table technique likely provides the optimal methodology of %MVIC determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luk Devorski
- Rehabilitation, Athletic Assessment & Dynamic Imaging (READY) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Skibski
- Rehabilitation, Athletic Assessment & Dynamic Imaging (READY) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Physiology of Work & Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Rehabilitation, Athletic Assessment & Dynamic Imaging (READY) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - L Colby Mangum
- Rehabilitation, Athletic Assessment & Dynamic Imaging (READY) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Tanaka Y, Sato H, Toyoda H, Saito M, Maeda Y, Kang Y. The mechanism for regulating the isometric contraction of masseter muscles is involved in determining the vertical dimension of occlusion. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:211-219. [PMID: 36541608 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00301.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that accurate regulation of isometric contraction (IC) of jaw-closing muscles to counteract the ramp load applied to the jaw in the jaw-opening direction is achieved through the calibration between the two sensations arising from muscle spindles (MSs) and periodontal mechanoreceptors (PMRs). However, it remains unclear whether this calibration mechanism accurately works at any jaw positions, i.e., any vertical dimensions of occlusion (VDO). In the present study, we examined the effects of altering VDO on the IC of the masseter muscles in complete dentulous and edentulous subjects. At a VDO higher than the original VDO (O-VDO), the root mean square (RMS) of masseter EMG activity increased more steeply with a load increase, resulting in an over-counteraction. The regression coefficient of the load-RMS relationship significantly increased as the VDO was increased, suggesting that the overestimation became more pronounced with the VDO increases. Consistently also in the edentulous subjects, at a higher VDO than the O-VDO, a steeper increase in the RMS emerged with a delay in response to the same ramp load whereas a similar steeper increase was seen surprisingly even at a lower VDO. Thus, the edentulous subjects displayed a delayed overestimation of the ramp load presumably due to less and slowly sensitive mucous membrane mechanoreceptor (MMR) in alveolar ridge compared with the PMR. Taken together, the accurate calibration between the two sensations arising from MSs and PMRs/MMRs can be done only at the O-VDO, suggesting that the O-VDO is the best calibration point for performing accurate IC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Since 1934, the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in edentulous individuals has been anatomically determined mostly by referring to the resting jaw position. However, such a static method is not always accurate. Considering the dynamic nature of clenching/mastication, it is desirable to determine VDO dynamically. We demonstrate that VDO can be accurately determined by measuring masseter EMG during the voluntary isometric contraction of jaw-closing muscles exerted against the ramp load in the jaw-opening direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Tanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Department of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Department of Oral Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Youngnam Kang
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Division of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, Suita, Japan
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Oliveira HB, da Silva Marques VA, Fernandes LFRM. Analysis of the force–time curve and median frequency of surface electromyographic signals during isometric hand grip test for estimation of a temporal pattern for muscle strengthening. Res. Biomed. Eng. 2023; 39:179-187. [PMCID: PMC9897607 DOI: 10.1007/s42600-023-00262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This work presents methods developed for the analysis of dynamometric and electromyographic signals acquired during sustained maximal isometric hand grip tasks. In these analyses, we try to find a temporal pattern that could indicate the beginning of the decrease in hand grip strength. This information is essential for choosing the best isometric activity time for hand rehabilitation. Methods The technique applied to the dynamometric signal was to find the time interval that precedes the drop of the isometric force RMS (root mean square) curve to values lower than the effective value. The technique applied to the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals was the identification of the instant when the lowest value of the median frequency of the signal occurs. The dynamometry data collection was carried out bilaterally in 19 men and 21 women. The electromyography data collection was carried out bilaterally in only 19 women. Results The statistical results (5% significance level) for the dynamometry data indicated that the time from the beginning of the test to the beginning of the decay of strength was approximately 7.6 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document} ± 3.2 s, while the results for the sEMG data indicated that the time from the beginning of the test to the appearance of the lowest value of the median frequency was approximately 10.1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document} ± 2.9 s. Conclusions The method of using the RMS values of the Force, presented by this work, found results of approximately 7 s, while the method most currently used (Median Frequency) found values of approximately 10 s. These results may help the rehabilitation professional to decide with more security the isometric time of exercises. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42600-023-00262-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Barcelo Oliveira
- Master of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Vigário Carlos, nº 100, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38025-350 Brazil
| | - Vinicius Abrão da Silva Marques
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Randolfo Borges Júnior, nº 1400, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38064-200 Brazil
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Harper SA, Thompson BJ. Interaction between age and fatigue on antagonist muscle coactivation during an acute post-fatigue recovery phase. Front Aging 2022; 3:1005080. [PMID: 36263146 PMCID: PMC9574075 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the age-related changes in antagonist muscle coactivation of the biceps femoris (BF) during an acute recovery period following a leg extensor fatiguing protocol. Twenty-three young (mean ± SD: age = 25.1 ± 3.0 years) and twenty-three old men (age = 71.5 ± 3.9 years) participated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from the BF muscles for antagonist muscle coactivation. Testing involved participants performing leg extension isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and isokinetic MVCs at 240°·s-1 at baseline (Pre) and again after the fatigue protocol at 0 (Post0), 7 (Post7), 15 (Post15), and 30 (Post30) minutes post fatigue. Root mean square (RMS) values were computed from the BF sEMG and were calculated as the first 200 ms from onset for the isometric (IsomCoact200ms) and dynamic isokinetic 240°·s-1 (DynCoact200ms) MVCs, and for the final 10° of the leg extension (DynCoact10°) on the isokinetic 240°·s-1 MVCs. Two-way ANOVAs [age group (young vs. old) × time (Pre vs. Post0 vs. Post7 vs. Post15 vs. Post30)] showed that DynCoact200ms had an effect for time (p = 0.018), with greater antagonist coactivation in Pre than Post0 (p = 0.009) and recovering by Post7 (p = 0.011) with no group differences. DynCoact10° had no age × time interaction (p = 0.070), but had a main effect for time (p = 0.020) with the Post0 being lower than the Pre. However, for this variable the young group showed a more severe Pre to Post0 fatigue decline (-45.9%) than the old group (-6.7%) indicating this may be a more sensitive variable for capturing age-related antagonist coactivation post-fatigue responses. Leg extensor fatigue affects some BF coactivation sEMG variables more than others, and any altered post-fatigue coactivation response recovers rapidly (<7 min) from baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Harper
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Brennan J. Thompson,
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Dixon EJ, Sánchez De La Cruz CR, Artese AL. Evaluating the Influence of Gravity on Shoulder Strength Measures Assessed via Handheld Dynamometry. J Sport Rehabil 2022. [PMID: 35595261 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Handheld dynamometry is a feasible, reliable, and cost-effective method for assessing shoulder strength. One limitation to this tool is the lack of standardized testing protocols and specified shoulder strength test positions. Although it is recommended that strength tests be performed in a gravity-eliminated position, this may not always be a feasible or practical testing protocol. There is limited research on the influence of gravity on strength measures; to our knowledge, no study has compared handheld dynamometry shoulder strength assessments based on body position and gravity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare shoulder flexion, extension, and abduction strength assessed via handheld dynamometry between a gravity-eliminated and a gravity-influenced test position. DESIGN This study was a comparison of shoulder strength based on test position. The test position was the independent variable, and the dependent variables were shoulder flexion, extension, and abduction strength. METHODS Supine (gravity-eliminated) and seated (gravity-influenced) strength measures were assessed in 20 healthy adults (19.4 [1.2] y) on the dominant arm. Paired t tests were used to determine differences between body positions for each test. Significance was accepted at P ≤ .05. RESULTS There were no differences between supine and seated flexion and extension measures. Absolute supine shoulder abduction scores (152.5 [58.4] N) were significantly higher than seated scores (139.9 [55.6] N). CONCLUSIONS Findings show that gravity should be considered when using handheld dynamometry scores as indicators of abductor shoulder strength and function.
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Akagi R, Nomura Y, Kawashima C, Ito M, Oba K, Tsuchiya Y, Power GA, Hirata K. Trade-Off Between Maximal Power Output and Fatigue Resistance of the Knee Extensors for Older Men. J Aging Phys Act 2022;:1-11. [PMID: 35453123 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated associations of fatigue resistance determined by an exercise-induced decrease in neuromuscular power with prefatigue neuromuscular strength and power of the knee extensors in 31 older men (65-88 years). A fatigue task consisted of 50 consecutive maximal effort isotonic knee extensions (resistance: 20% of prefatigue isometric maximal voluntary contraction torque) over a 70° range of motion. The average of the peak power values calculated from the 46th to 50th contractions during the fatigue task was normalized to the prefatigue peak power value, which was defined as neuromuscular fatigue resistance. Neuromuscular fatigue resistance was negatively associated with prefatigue maximal power output (r = -.530) but not with prefatigue maximal voluntary contraction torque (r = -.252). This result highlights a trade-off between prefatigue maximal power output and neuromuscular fatigue resistance, implying that an improvement in maximal power output might have a negative impact on neuromuscular fatigue resistance.
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Mailloux C, Wideman TH, Massé-Alarie H. Wrist, but Not Back, Isometric Contraction Induced Widespread Hypoalgesia in Healthy Participants. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2022; 2:701830. [PMID: 35295510 PMCID: PMC8915648 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.701830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exercise may reduce pain sensitivity. This phenomenon called exercise-induced hypoalgesia is observed in different types of exercises and involves the activation of endogenous pain modulation systems. Although the effect of limb exercise on pain sensitivity has often been tested, few studies explored the impact of back exercises that are often used to treat low back pain. The main objective is to measure the effect of back-muscle exercise on pain sensitivity and compare it to the effect of a limb-muscle exercise. Methods: Twenty-three participants who were pain-free performed a 4-min wrist flexion isometric contraction followed by a 4-min low back extension, separated by a 20-min break. Pressure pain thresholds were tested at two low back (S1 spinous process, lumbar erector spinae muscle) and two wrist (capitate bone, wrist flexor muscles) sites before and after each exercise. For each exercise, sites were considered as remote or local in relation to the muscles contracted during the exercise. An independent sample of 11 participants was recruited to confirm the influence of low back extension on pain sensitivity. Results: Wrist exercise induced a larger increase in pain sensitivity than back exercise at the remote site. Only wrist exercise induced a hypoalgesia effect at both the local and the remote sites. Back exercise induced a similar effect in the independent sample. Conclusions: This study showed that back and wrist exercises induced a distinct effect on pain sensitivity in participants who were pain-free. The wrist exercise induced a systemic reduction in pain sensitivity (locally and remotely), whereas the back exercise did not. This differential effect may be present because wrist exercise induced most fatigue compared with the back exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mailloux
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy H Wideman
- Lethbridge-Layton-Mackay Rehabilitation Centre, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Massé-Alarie
- Département de réadaptation, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Sato S, Yoshida R, Murakoshi F, Sasaki Y, Yahata K, Nosaka K, Nakamura M. Effect of daily 3-s maximum voluntary isometric, concentric or eccentric contraction on elbow flexor strength. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:833-843. [PMID: 35104387 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared a 3-second isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), concentric MVC and eccentric MVC of the elbow flexors performed daily for 5 days a week for 4 weeks for changes in muscle strength and thickness. Young sedentary individuals were assigned to one of three training groups (n=13 per group) that performed either 3-second isometric, concentric or eccentric MVC once a day for 20 days, or to a control group (n=10) that had measurements without training. The participants in the isometric group performed isometric MVC at 55° (0.96rad) elbow flexion, and those in the concentric or eccentric group performed concentric MVC or eccentric MVC between 10° (0.17rad) and 100° (1.75rad) elbow flexion at 30°/s (0.52rad/s) on an isokinetic dynamometer. MVC isometric torque at 20° (0.35rad), 55° (0.96rad), and 90° (1.57 rad) elbow flexion, MVC concentric and eccentric torque at 30°/s (0.52rad/s) and 180°/s (3.14rad/s), and muscle thickness of biceps brachii and brachialis were measured before and several days after the 20th exercise session. The control group did not show any changes. The eccentric group showed increases (p<0.01) in isometric (three angle average: 10.2±6.4%), concentric (two velocity average: 12.8±9.6%) and eccentric MVC torque (12.2±7.8%). An increase (p<0.05) was limited for isometric MVC torque (6.3±6.0%) in the concentric group, and for eccentric MVC torque (7.2±4.4%) in the isometric group. No significant changes in muscle thickness were evident for all groups. Performing one 3-second MVC a day increased muscle strength, but eccentric MVC produced more potent effects than isometric or concentric MVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Matsumura General Hospital, 1-1 Kotaroumachi, Taira, Iwaki City, Fukushima, 970-8026, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Fu Murakoshi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yuto Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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Balius R, Pujol M, Pérez-Cuenca D, Morros C, Susín A, Corominas H, Sala-Blanch X. Sciatic nerve movement in the deep gluteal space during hip rotations maneuvers. Clin Anat 2021; 35:482-491. [PMID: 34913517 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the sciatic nerve in the subgluteal space has a specific behavior during internal and external coxofemoral rotation and during isometric contraction of the internal and external rotator muscles of the hip. In 58 healthy volunteers, sciatic nerve behavior was studied by ultrasound during passive internal and external hip rotation movements and during isometric contraction of internal and external rotators. Using MATLAB software, changes in nerve curvature at the beginning and end of each exercise were evaluated for longitudinal catches and axial movement for transverse catches. In the long axis, it was observed that during the passive internal rotation and during the isometric contraction of external rotators, the shape of the curve increased significantly while during the passive external rotation and the isometric contraction of the internal rotators the curvature flattened out. During passive movements in internal rotation, on the short axis, the nerve tended to move laterally and forward, while during external rotation the tendency of the nerve was to move toward a medial and backward position. During the isometric exercises, this displacement was less in the passive movements. Passive movements of hip rotation and isometric contraction of the muscles affect the sciatic nerve in the subgluteal space. Retrotrochanteric pain may be related to both the shear effect of the subgluteus muscles and the endoneural and mechanosensitive aggression to which the sciatic nerve is subjected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Balius
- Consell Català de l'Esport, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Sports Medicine Department, Clínica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Pujol
- Consell Català de l'Esport, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Facultad de Fisioteràpia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Cuenca
- Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Therapy, Clínica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Morros
- Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Therapy, Clínica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain.,Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Susín
- Math Department, UPC-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hèctor Corominas
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital of the Holy Cross and Saint Paul, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala-Blanch
- Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Turner M, Reyes A, Rankin T, Bartlett D, Trajano G, Pulverenti T, Cruickshank T. Torque variability of the plantar flexors in people with Huntington's disease. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13862-13869. [PMID: 35035726 PMCID: PMC8748091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torque steadiness can be impaired in people with Huntington's disease (HD) and worsen with disease advancement. However, existing studies have several methodological oversights. Studies have used absolute torque targets, which do not account for differences in maximal torque capacity between people. Furthermore, despite its known influence on torque steadiness, previous studies in HD have not controlled for visual feedback. This study evaluated torque variability at relative intensities with and without visual feedback between people with prodromal HD and healthy controls. METHODS Twenty-four people with prodromal HD and twenty-seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Torque variability was evaluated, with and without visual feedback, in the right plantar flexors at 10% and 30% of each participant's maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Measures of disease burden included the CAG age product, diagnostic confidence level and Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale - Total Motor Score. RESULTS Significant differences in torque variability were observed, though not in overall MVIC, between people with prodromal HD and healthy controls. Significantly higher torque fluctuations were observed for both groups when visual feedback was removed. No associations were observed between torque variability and disease burden in people with prodromal HD. Torque variability measurements showed higher reliability in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS People with prodromal HD exhibited greater torque variability than healthy controls. Torque variability worsened for both groups when visual feedback was removed. These findings support further investigation into the utilisation of torque variability measurements as markers of disease progression in people with prodromal HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Turner
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
| | - Alvaro Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitacion, Universidad Andres BelloVina del Mar, Chile
| | - Tim Rankin
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, Perth, Australia
| | - Danielle Bartlett
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
| | - Gabriel Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim Pulverenti
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, The City University of New YorkStaten Island, NY, USA
| | - Travis Cruickshank
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan UniversityPerth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational SciencesPerth, Western Australia
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22
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Lynch AE, Davies RW, Jakeman PM, Locke T, Allardyce JM, Carson BP. The Influence of Maximal Strength and Knee Angle on the Reliability of Peak Force in the Isometric Squat. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9100140. [PMID: 34678921 PMCID: PMC8539608 DOI: 10.3390/sports9100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of peak force in the isometric squat across the strength spectrum using coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). On two separate days, 59 healthy men (mean (SD) age 23.0 (4.1) years; height 1.79 (0.7) m; body mass 84.0 (15.2) kg) performed three maximal effort isometric squats in two positions (at a 120° and a 90° knee angle). Acceptable reliability was observed at both the 120° (CV = 7.5 (6.7), ICC = 0.960 [0.933, 0.977]) and 90° positions (CV = 9.2 (8.8), ICC = 0.920 [0.865, 0.953]). There was no relationship between peak force in the isometric squat and the test-retest reliability at either the 120° (r = 0.052, p = 0.327) or 90° (r = 0.014, p = 0.613) positions. A subgroup of subjects (n = 17) also completed the isometric squat test at a 65° knee angle. Acceptable reliability was observed in this position (CV = 9.6 (9.3), ICC = 0.916 [0.766, 0.970]) and reliability was comparable to the 120° and 90° positions. Therefore, we deem isometric squat peak force output to be a valid and reliable measure across the strength spectrum and in different isometric squat positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E. Lynch
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.E.L.); (R.W.D.); (P.M.J.); (T.L.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Robert W. Davies
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.E.L.); (R.W.D.); (P.M.J.); (T.L.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Philip M. Jakeman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.E.L.); (R.W.D.); (P.M.J.); (T.L.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Tim Locke
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.E.L.); (R.W.D.); (P.M.J.); (T.L.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Joanna M. Allardyce
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.E.L.); (R.W.D.); (P.M.J.); (T.L.); (J.M.A.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian P. Carson
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.E.L.); (R.W.D.); (P.M.J.); (T.L.); (J.M.A.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(0)61-234943
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23
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Nantakool S, Srisuwan T, Reanpang T, Rerkasem K, Prasannarong M. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of post-operative hand exercise training on arteriovenous fistula maturation in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Vasc Surg 2021; 75:230-237. [PMID: 34314831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a critical problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients after creation. Exercise with 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) encourages vascular functions in other populations. It is unknown which exercise type is superior on maturation in CKD population. We compare effects of isometric- (ISM) and isotonic-hand exercise training (IST), both at 30% MVC, on AVF maturation and grip strength in CKD patients. METHODS Fifty CKD patients were randomized into ISM program or IST program (25 per group). Each group performed exercise program at intensity of 30% MVC every day for 10 weeks. Cephalic vein (CV) and brachial artery diameters and brachial blood flows, and grip strength were measured at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 10 of program. The number of patients meeting clinical and ultrasound (US) maturation were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, and 10. RESULTS At weeks 6 and 10 of the programs, ISM group had greater CV diameters (week 6, 7.1±1.2 versus 6.2±1.0 mm; week 10, 7.1±1.0 versus 6.2±1.1 mm) than the IST group. Compared to the IST, the ISM had a higher number of patients meeting US maturation at weeks 2 (IST/ISM=8/2), 6 (16/8), and 10 (21/12), and clinical maturation at week 10 (25/18). No adverse events were observed throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS At 30% MVC, ISM is more effective at promoting increases in cephalic vein diameter and maturation than IST. Both exercise types are feasible and safe for CKD patients after AVF creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sothida Nantakool
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanop Srisuwan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Termpong Reanpang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; NCD Center for Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Mujalin Prasannarong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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24
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Cook MD, Dunne A, Bosworth M, Willems MET. Effect of Intake Duration of Anthocyanin-Rich New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cardiovascular Responses and Femoral Artery Diameter during Sustained Submaximal Isometric Contraction. J Diet Suppl 2021; 20:15-27. [PMID: 35404735 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1948943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Seven-day intake of anthocyanins from New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract increased cardiac output and femoral artery diameter during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction. It is not known if there are intake duration effects by NZBC extract on the isometric contraction-induced cardiovascular responses. In a repeated measures design, male participants (n = 19, age: 26 ± 4 years) performed a 120-second submaximal (30%) isometric contraction of the knee extensors at baseline and following 1, 4 and 7-days intake of 600 mg·day-1 NZBC extract. During the 120-second submaximal isometric contraction, femoral artery diameter and cardiovascular responses were measured with ultrasound and beat-to-beat hemodynamic monitoring. Femoral artery was larger following 4-days (mean difference = 0.046 cm, 95% CI [0.012, 0.080], p = 0.005) and 7-days (mean difference = 0.078 cm, 95% CI [0.034, 0.123], p < 0.001) in comparison to baseline with no increase with 1-day intake. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were not changed by NZBC extract at 1, 4 and 7-days intake. However, mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were changed at time points during the isometric contraction following 7-days intake in comparison to 1-day intake of NZBC extract (p < 0.05). Alterations in femoral artery diameter and some cardiovascular responses during a submaximal sustained isometric contraction of the knee extensors are affected by the intake duration of New Zealand blackcurrant extract, with no effects by 1-day intake. Our observations suggest that the bioavailability of blackcurrant anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived metabolites is required for days to alter the mechanisms for isometric-contraction induced cardiovascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew David Cook
- University of Worcester, School of Sport and Exercise Science, Henwick Grove, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Dunne
- Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bosworth
- Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
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25
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Fidan M, Bayrak A, Karli U. A novel adaptable isometric strength analysis and exercise development system design. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:913-926. [PMID: 33971770 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211015562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a low-cost and adaptable isometric strength measurement and exercise development system are described. The implemented system consists of mechanical structure, force measurement sensor, electronic circuit, and computer software. Isometric-isotonic (via spring resistance) strength analysis and various exercise programs can be applied with the system. The developed system has a lower cost compared to its counterparts in the literature and has a structure that can be adapted to different machines and measuring methods. The operability and reliability of the isometric strength measurement and exercise development system have been proven by calibration tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Fidan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Alper Bayrak
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Umid Karli
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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26
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Gervasi M, Barbieri E, Capparucci I, Annibalini G, Sisti D, Amatori S, Carrabs V, Valli G, Donati Zeppa S, Rocchi MBL, Stocchi V, Sestili P. Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy in Recreational Runners with Peritendinous Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Viscoelastometric, Functional, and Biochemical Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071397. [PMID: 33807327 PMCID: PMC8037202 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achilles tendinopathy (AT) affects ca. 10 million recreational runners in Europe; the practice of hyaluronic acid (HA) infiltration is being increasingly adopted. The aim of this pilot study was to monitor the effects of a three-local time-spaced injections regimen of HA in the treatment of AT in middle-aged runners combining for the first time viscoelastometric, biochemical, and functional methodologies with routine clinical examinations. METHODS Eight male runners (Age 49.3 ± 3.9), diagnosed for unilateral AT, were given three ultrasound (US) guided peritendinous HA injections at the baseline (T0) and every fifteenth day with a follow-up on the forty-fifth day (T1, T2, and T3). At all-time points patients were assessed for viscoelastic tone and stiffness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and pain level (Likert scale 0-5). The peritendinous effusions of the injured tendon were collected at T0 and T2 to quantify the volume variations and the IL-1β and MMP-3 levels. RESULTS At T0 MVIC and pain score were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in injured tendons. The volume, IL-1β and MMP-3 levels decreased in the course of treatment and the clinical endpoints ameliorated over time. Tone, stiffness, and functional performance also varied significantly at T2 and T3, as compared to T0. CONCLUSIONS The sequential peritendinous injections of HA were effective in the amelioration of the clinical symptoms, as well as of the functional and viscoelastic state associated with AT. The determination of the viscoelastometric state may help to precisely evaluate the healing process in AT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-072-230-3013
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Italo Capparucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vittoria Carrabs
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Giacomo Valli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (E.B.); (I.C.); (G.A.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (V.C.); (G.V.); (S.D.Z.); (M.B.L.R.); (V.S.); (P.S.)
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27
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the variability in the motor unit inter-pulse interval and force steadiness at submaximal and maximal force outputs between the sexes. Twenty-four male and 24 female participants were recruited to perform isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% maximum voluntary contraction. Tibialis anterior myoelectric signal was recorded by an intramuscular electrode. Females had lower force steadiness (coefficient of variation of force (CoV-Force), 27.3%, p < 0.01) and a greater coefficient of variation of motor unit action potential inter-pulse interval (CoV-IPI), compared with males (9.6%, p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the normalized CoV-IPI and CoV-Force (r = 0.19, p > 0.01), but there was a significant repeated measures correlation between the raw scores for root-mean-square force error and the standard deviation of motor unit discharge rate (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Females also had a greater incidence of doublet discharges on average across force levels (p < 0.01). The sex differences may result from motor unit behaviours (i.e., doublet and rapid discharges, synchronization, rate coding or recruitment), leading to lower force steadiness and greater CoV-IPI in females. Novelty: Sex differences in force steadiness may be due to neural strategies. Females have lower force steadiness compared with males. Greater incidence of doublet discharges in females may result in lesser force steadiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Greig Inglis
- Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.,Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - David A Gabriel
- Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.,Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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28
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Madden KE, Djurdjanovic D, Deshpande AD. Using a System-Based Monitoring Paradigm to Assess Fatigue during Submaximal Static Exercise of the Elbow Extensor Muscles. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:1024. [PMID: 33546155 PMCID: PMC7913181 DOI: 10.3390/s21041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current methods for evaluating fatigue separately assess intramuscular changes in individual muscles from corresponding alterations in movement output. The purpose of this study is to investigate if a system-based monitoring paradigm, which quantifies how the dynamic relationship between the activity from multiple muscles and force changes over time, produces a viable metric for assessing fatigue. Improvements made to the paradigm to facilitate online fatigue assessment are also discussed. Eight participants performed a static elbow extension task until exhaustion, while surface electromyography (sEMG) and force data were recorded. A dynamic time-series model mapped instantaneous features extracted from sEMG signals of multiple synergistic muscles to extension force. A metric, called the Freshness Similarity Index (FSI), was calculated using statistical analysis of modeling errors to reveal time-dependent changes in the dynamic model indicative of performance degradation. The FSI revealed strong, significant within-individual associations with two well-accepted measures of fatigue, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force (rrm=-0.86) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (rrm=0.87), substantiating the viability of a system-based monitoring paradigm for assessing fatigue. These findings provide the first direct and quantitative link between a system-based performance degradation metric and traditional measures of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashish D. Deshpande
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (K.E.M.); (D.D.)
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29
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Monti E, Toniolo L, Marcucci L, Bondì M, Martellato I, Šimunič B, Toninello P, Franchi MV, Narici MV, Reggiani C. Are muscle fibres of body builders intrinsically weaker? A comparison with single fibres of aged-matched controls. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13557. [PMID: 32921001 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Skeletal muscles of Body Builders (BB) represent an interesting model to study muscle mass gains in response to high volume resistance training. It is debated whether muscle contractile performance improves in proportion to mass. Here, we aim to assess whether muscle hypertrophy does not occur at the expense of performance. METHODS Six BB and Six untrained controls (CTRL) were recruited. Cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) and CSA and architecture of vastus lateralis (VL) were determined. Moreover, a biopsy was taken from VL mid-portion and single fibres were analysed. RESULTS QF CSA and MVC were 32% (n.s., P = .052) and 58% (P = .009) higher in BB than in CTRL, respectively. VL CSA was 37% higher in BB (P = .030). Fast 2A fibres CSA was 24% (P = .048) greater in BB than in CTRL, when determined in immunostained sections of biopsy samples. Single permeabilized fast fibres CSA was 37% (n.s., P = .052) higher in BB than in CTRL, and their force was slightly higher in BB (n.s.), while specific tension (P0 ) was 19% (P = .024) lower. The lower P0 was not explained either by lower myosin content or by impaired calcium diffusion. Conversely, the swelling caused by skinning-induced permeabilization was different and, when used to correct P0 , differences between populations disappeared. CONCLUSIONS The results show that high degree of muscle hypertrophy is not detrimental for force generation capacity, as increases in fibre size and force are strictly proportional once the differential swelling response is accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Michela Bondì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Ivan Martellato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Bostjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre Koper Institute for Kinesiology Research Koper Slovenia
| | - Paolo Toninello
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery Padova University Hospital Padova Italy
| | | | - Marco V. Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Science and Research Centre Koper Institute for Kinesiology Research Koper Slovenia
- CIR‐MYO Myology Centre Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Padova Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Science and Research Centre Koper Institute for Kinesiology Research Koper Slovenia
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Martínez-García D, Rodríguez-Perea Á, Huerta-Ojeda Á, Jerez-Mayorga D, Aguilar-Martínez D, Chirosa-Rios I, Ruiz-Fuentes P, Chirosa-Rios LJ. Effects of Pre-Activation with Variable Intra-Repetition Resistance on Throwing Velocity in Female Handball Players: a Methodological Proposal. J Hum Kinet 2021; 77:235-44. [PMID: 34168707 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of pre-activation with Variable Intra-Repetition Resistance and isometry on the overhead throwing velocity in handball players. Fourteen female handball players took part in the study (age: 21.2 ± 2.7 years, experience: 10.9 ± 3.5 years). For Post-Activation Potentiation, two pre-activation methods were used: (I) Variable Intra-Repetition Resistance: 1 x 5 maximum repetitions at an initial velocity of 0.6 m·s-1 and a final velocity of 0.9 m·s-1; (II) Isometry: 1 x 5 s of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Both methods were "standing unilateral bench presses" with the dominant arm, using a functional electromechanical dynamometer. The variable analysed was the mean of the three overhead throws. Ball velocity was measured with a radar (Stalker ATS). The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with repeated measures. No significant differences were found for either method (variable resistance intra-repetition: p = 0.194, isometry: p = 0.596). Regarding the individual responses, the analysis showed that 86% of the sample increased throwing velocity with the variable resistance intra-repetition method, while 93% of the sample increased throwing velocity with the isometric method. Both the variable intra-repetition resistance and isometric methods show improvements in ball velocity in female handball players. However, the authors recommend checking individual responses, since the results obtained were influenced by the short rest interval between the pre-activation and the experimental sets.
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Khaitin V, Bezuglov E, Lazarev A, Matveev S, Ivanova O, Maffulli N, Achkasov E. Markers of muscle damage and strength performance in professional football (soccer) players during the competitive period. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:113. [PMID: 33569415 PMCID: PMC7867942 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the impact of competitive soccer on the short-term changes in isometric strength of the adductor muscle group during the competitive season. Methods In this cohort study we evaluated the association between a serum marker of muscle damage [creatine phosphokinase (CPK)] and isometric strength of the adductor muscles of the hip in 30 professional football players (age: 26.7±2.9 years) during two seasons of the national top-level championship. Serum CPK level was determined the day before the match, 12–20, 36–48, 60–72 h after the match. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction force of the adductor muscles complex was determined immediately after having taken blood samples. Results There was evidence of a statistically significant positive association between age, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, and muscle strength, and between weight and muscle strength. There was evidence of a statistically significant negative association between the level of CPK and the maximum isometric strength of the adductors of soccer players. Changes in CPK levels were associated with the muscle strength recovery trend (P<0.001). The strength/CPK ratio at different time points had a U-shaped curve. Conclusions Exercise induced muscle damage significantly affects the strength of the adductor muscle group of professional soccer players during the competitive period. The lower the CPK level, the greater the athletes' strength at a given time point. Also, the greater the decrease in CPK level, the greater the rate of strength restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Khaitin
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,FC Zenit, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eduard Bezuglov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,High Performance Sport Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemii Lazarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,High Performance Sport Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Matveev
- Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Ivanova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, England.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, England
| | - Evgeny Achkasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Lanza MB, Ryan AS, Gray V, Perez WJ, Addison O. Intramuscular Fat Influences Neuromuscular Activation of the Gluteus Medius in Older Adults. Front Physiol 2020; 11:614415. [PMID: 33362586 PMCID: PMC7758409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of tissue between the muscle and surface electromyography (sEMG) electrode influences the sEMG signals. Increased intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) of the hip abductor muscles negatively impacts balance in older individuals, but it is unknown if this is related to the ability to activate the muscles. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of gluteus medius (GM) IMAT on sEMG amplitude during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the hip abductors in older adults. We recruited 12 healthy community-dwelling older adults that underwent a spiral computerized tomography scan. High density lean (HDL), IMAT, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SUBFAT) cross-sectional area of the GM were assessed. sEMG signal from the GM was recorded while participants performed an MVIC of the hip abductors. There was a negative correlation between GM activation and IMAT (r = -0.58, P = 0.046), and also SUBFAT (r = -0.78, P = 0.002) and a positive correlation with HDL (r = 0.73, P = 0.006). When controlling for SUBFAT, the partial correlations demonstrated a consistent negative correlation between GM activation and IMAT (r = -0.60, P = 0.050) but no relationship with HDL. The current results are important for helping to interpret the results from sEMG by accounting for IMAT. In conclusion, the neuromuscular activation of the GM may be reduced by the quantity of IMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel B. Lanza
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), The Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vicki Gray
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William J. Perez
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), The Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), The Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Emami B, Shakeri F, Gholamnezhad Z, Saadat S, Boskabady M, Azmounfar V, Sadatfaraji H, Boskabady MH. Calcium and potassium channels are involved in curcumin relaxant effect on tracheal smooth muscles. Pharm Biol 2020; 58:257-264. [PMID: 32208946 PMCID: PMC7170316 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1723647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Context: Curcumin, the active component of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), exhibits a wide variety of biological activities including vasodilation and anti-inflammation.Objective: The relaxant effect of curcumin in tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) was not examined so far, thus, this study was designed to assess the relaxant effect of curcumin on rat TSM and examine the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for this effect.Materials and methods: TSM was contracted by KCl (60 mM) or methacholine (10 μM), and cumulative concentrations of curcumin (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL) or theophylline (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mM, as positive control) were added to organ bath. The relaxant effect of curcumin was examined in non-incubated or incubated tissues with atropine (1 μM), chlorpheniramine (1 μM), indomethacin (1 μM), and papaverine (100 μM).Results: In non-incubated TSM, curcumin showed significant relaxant effects on KCl-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001 for all concentrations). The relaxant effects of curcumin 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/mL were significantly lower in atropine-incubated tissue compared to non-incubated TSM (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in EC50 between atropine-incubated (48.10 ± 2.55) and non-incubated (41.65 ± 1.81) tissues (p < 0.05). Theophylline showed a significant relaxant effect on both KCl and methacholine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001 for all cases).Conclusions: The results indicated a relatively potent relaxant effect of curcumin on TSM, which was less marked than the effect of theophylline. Calcium channel blocking and/or potassium channel opening properties of curcumin may be responsible for TSM relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Emami
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahab Azmounfar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Sadatfaraji
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- CONTACT Mohammad Hossein Boskabady Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kemi Y, Hoshide S, Yamashita E, Kario K. The possibility that long-term isometric handgrip exercise contributes to left atrial enlargement in patients with hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:2137-2140. [PMID: 33164318 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension guidelines recommend isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) as a non-pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IHG is safe for hypertensive patients. The participants were mostly middle-aged to elderly patients with hypertension. Participants wore a pedometer for 4 weeks and were then divided into two groups: Those who had taken at least 7000 steps per day were placed in an IHG-only group (n = 11), and those who took fewer steps were placed in an IHG + walking group (n = 4). Both groups then performed IHG for 12 weeks. No significant blood pressure reduction occurred from before to after intervention in either group. In the IHG-only group, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was significantly higher and left atrial (LA) volume (24.6 ± 9.1 to 36.4 ± 17.9 mL, P = .007) was significantly larger after intervention than before. Long-term IHG may induce both LA enlargement and increased BNP in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kemi
- Ueno-mura Clinic, Ueno, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamashita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Oliveira ML, Ferreira IC, Ferreira KR, Silveira-Nunes G, Barbosa MA, Barbosa AC. Validity of an Inexpensive Hanging Scale During Isometric Shoulder Movements. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:1218-21. [PMID: 32028259 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Strength assessment is essential to prescribe exercise in sports and rehabilitation. Low-cost valid equipment may allow continuous monitoring of training. OBJECTIVE To examine the validity of a very low-cost hanging scale by comparing differences in the measures of peak force to a laboratory grade load cell during shoulder abduction, flexion, extension, and internal and external rotations. DESIGN Analytical study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-two healthy subjects (18 women, age 26 [10] y, height 172 [8] cm, mass 69 [13] kg, body mass index 23 [4] kg/m2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The dependent variable was the maximal peak force (in kilogram-force). The independent variable was the instrument (laboratory grade load cell and hanging scale). RESULTS No differences were observed while comparing the results. The intraclass correlation coefficients1,1 ranged from .96 to .99, showing excellent results. The Cronbach alpha test also returned >.99 for all comparisons. The SEM ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 kgf, with an averaged SD from 0.24 to 0.38 kgf. The correlation was classified as high for all tested movements (r > .99; P < .001), with excellent adjusted coefficients of determination (.96 < r2 < .99). Bland-Altman results showed high levels of agreement with bias ranging from 0.27 to 0.48. CONCLUSIONS Hanging scale provides valid measures of isometric strength with similar output measures as laboratory grade load cell.
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Fernandes IG, Souza MA, Oliveira ML, Miarka B, Barbosa MA, Queiroz AC, Barbosa AC. Acute Effects of Single- Versus Double-Leg Postactivation Potentiation on Postural Balance of Older Women: An Age-Matched Controlled Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:200-6. [PMID: 32820137 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the postactivation potentiation effects of isometric contraction until failure in double- and single-leg tasks on older women's balance. METHODS The one-legged balance test was performed before and immediately after a rise-to-toes task until the task failure. Older women were divided into two groups: a group performed the task with double leg (n = 43) and the other group with single-leg support (n = 55). RESULTS The single-leg group showed slower velocity of sway post rise-to-toes task (pre = 4.02 ± 1; post = 3.78 ± 1.15 m/s; p = .04) without differences for the center of pressure path length (pre = 79 ± 21; post = 75 ± 23 cm; p = .08). In the double-leg group, faster velocity of sway (pre = 4 ± 1.22; post = 4.25 ± 1.13; p = .03) and increased center of pressure path length (pre = 80 ± 24; post = 85 ± 23 cm; p = .03) were observed after the task. CONCLUSIONS The single-leg group showed improved balance outcomes due to postactivation potentiation, while the double-leg group showed worsened balance consistent with muscle fatigue.
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Magalhães IEJ, Mezzarane RA, Carregaro RL. Therapeutic Elastic Tapes Applied in Different Directions Over the Triceps Surae Do Not Modulate Reflex Excitability of the Soleus Muscle. J Sport Rehabil 2020;:1-8. [PMID: 32087597 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elastic taping has been widely used for either to facilitate or to inhibit muscle contraction. The efficacy of elastic taping is allegedly ascribed to physiological mechanisms related to subcutaneous tissue and muscle stimulation as a result of tape tension and direction. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the use of elastic taping are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in electrophysiological responses after 48 hours of tape application in different directions on the calf muscles of healthy individuals. DESIGN Within-subjects design. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven physically active males (age 18.0 [4.2] y, height 1.65 [0.07] m, body mass 62.3 [10.3] kg) participated. INTERVENTIONS Soleus H-reflex responses were evoked through stimulation of the tibial posterior nerve with 2- to 4-second interval between stimuli (32 sweeps) for each condition (baseline: without tape; facilitation: tape applied from muscle origin to insertion; inhibition: tape applied from muscle insertion to origin). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The H-reflex amplitude values were normalized by the maximal direct response (Mmax). Parameters were estimated from a sigmoidal fit of the H-reflex recruitment curve (ascending limb). RESULTS No significant differences were found for the parameters derived from the recruitment curve of the H-reflex among the conditions (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings showed that, irrespective of the direction of tape application, the elastic tape applied over the triceps surae does not generate any significant alteration on the excitability of the reflex pathway for different subpopulations of motor units. The authors therefore suggest a re-examination of the current recommendations on taping direction in clinical and sports activities.
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Akagi R, Hinks A, Davidson B, Power GA. Differential contributions of fatigue-induced strength loss and slowing of angular velocity to power loss following repeated maximal shortening contractions. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14362. [PMID: 32034892 PMCID: PMC7007446 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue-induced reductions in isometric torque and isotonic power and to quantify the extent to which the decreases in angular velocity and dynamic torque can explain the power loss immediately following an isotonic fatiguing task and throughout recovery in seven young males and six young females. All measurements were performed with both legs. For dorsiflexion, fatigue-related time-course changes in isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, angular velocity, dynamic torque, and power production following repeated maximal isotonic contractions (load: 20% MVC) were investigated before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 5 and 10 min after a fatiguing task. There were no relationships between the fatigue-related reductions in isometric MVC torque and peak power at any timepoint, suggesting that fatigue-induced reductions in isometric MVC torque does not entirely reflect fatigue-induced changes in dynamic performance. The relative contribution of fatigue-related reduction in dynamic torque on power loss was greater immediately following the task, and lower throughout recovery than the corresponding decrease in angular velocity. Thus, power loss immediately following the task was more strongly related to the decline in dynamic torque; however, this relationship shifted throughout recovery to a greater dependence on slowing of angular velocity for power loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brooke Davidson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Chen YC, Lin IC, Lin YT, Huang WM, Huang CC, Hwang IS. Contrasting Age Effects on Complexity of Tracking Force and Force Fluctuations During Monorhythmic Contraction. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:114-21. [PMID: 31629359 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study contrasted the stochastic force component between young and older adults, who performed pursuit tracking/compensatory tracking by exerting in-phase/antiphase forces to match a sinusoidal target. Tracking force was decomposed into the force component containing the target frequency and the nontarget force fluctuations (stochastic component). Older adults with inferior task performance had higher complexity (entropy across time; p = .005) in total force. For older adults, task errors were negatively correlated with force fluctuation complexity (pursuit tracking: r = -.527 to -.551; compensatory tracking: r = -.626 to -.750). Notwithstanding an age-related increase in total force complexity (p = .004), older adults exhibited lower complexity of the stochastic force component than young adults did (low frequency: p = .017; high frequency: p = .035). Those older adults with a higher complexity of stochastic force had better task performance due to the underlying use of a richer gradation strategy to compensate for impaired oscillatory control.
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Pujari AN, Neilson RD, Cardinale M. Fatiguing effects of indirect vibration stimulation in upper limb muscles: pre, post and during isometric contractions superimposed on upper limb vibration. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190019. [PMID: 31824681 PMCID: PMC6837201 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration and upper limb vibration (ULV) continue to gain popularity as exercise intervention for rehabilitation and sports applications. However, the fatiguing effects of indirect vibration stimulation are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of ULV stimulation superimposed on fatiguing isometric contractions using a purpose developed upper limb stimulation device. Thirteen healthy volunteers were exposed to both ULV superimposed to fatiguing isometric contractions (V) and isometric contractions alone Control (C). Both Vibration (V) and Control (C) exercises were performed at 80% of the maximum voluntary contractions. The stimulation used was 30 Hz frequency of 0.4 mm amplitude. Surface-electromyographic (EMG) activity of the Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii and Flexor Carpi Radialis were measured. EMG amplitude (EMGrms) and mean frequency (MEF) were computed to quantify muscle activity and fatigue levels. All muscles displayed significantly higher reduction in MEFs and a corresponding significant increase in EMGrms with the V than the Control, during fatiguing contractions (p < 0.05). Post vibration, all muscles showed higher levels of MEFs after recovery compared to the control. Our results show that near-maximal isometric fatiguing contractions superimposed on vibration stimulation lead to a higher rate of fatigue development compared to the isometric contraction alone in the upper limb muscles. Results also show higher manifestation of mechanical fatigue post treatment with vibration compared to the control. Vibration superimposed on isometric contraction not only seems to alter the neuromuscular function during fatiguing efforts by inducing higher neuromuscular load but also post vibration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit N. Pujari
- School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3DX, UK
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | | | - Marco Cardinale
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6EA, UK
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Aboodarda SJ, Zhang CXY, Sharara R, Cline M, Millet GY. Exercise-Induced Fatigue in One Leg Does Not Impair the Neuromuscular Performance in the Contralateral Leg but Improves the Excitability of the Ipsilateral Corticospinal Pathway. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100250. [PMID: 31557879 PMCID: PMC6827080 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of pre-induced fatigue in one leg on neuromuscular performance and corticospinal responses of the contralateral homologous muscles, three experiments were conducted with different exercise protocols; A (n = 12): a 60 s rest vs. time-matched sustained left leg knee extension maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), B (n = 12): a 60 s rest vs. time-matched left leg MVC immediately followed by 60 s right leg MVC, and C (n = 9): a similar protocol to experiment B, but with blood flow occluded in the left leg while the right leg was performing the 60 s MVC. The neuromuscular assessment included 5 s knee extensions at 100%, 75%, and 50% of MVC. At each force level, transcranial magnetic and peripheral nerve stimuli were elicited to investigate the influence of different protocols on the right (tested) knee extensors’ maximal force output, voluntary activation, corticospinal excitability, and inhibition. The pre-induced fatigue in the left leg did not alter the performance nor the neuromuscular responses recorded from the right leg in the three experiments (all p > 0.3). However, enhanced corticospinal pathway excitability was evident in the tested knee extensors (p = 0.002). These results suggest that the pre-induced fatigue and muscle ischemia in one leg did not compromise the central and peripheral components of the neuromuscular function in the tested contralateral leg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Xin Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ruva Sharara
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Madeleine Cline
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Chen YC, Shih CL, Lin YT, Hwang IS. The effect of visuospatial resolution on discharge variability among motor units and force-discharge relation. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:166-174. [PMID: 31535632 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_12_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although force steadiness varies with visuospatial information, accountable motor unit (MU) behaviors are not fully understood. This study investigated the modulation of MU discharges and force-discharge relation due to variations in the spatial resolution of visual feedback, with a particular focus on discharge variability among MUs. Fourteen young adults produced isometric force at 10% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) through index abduction, under the conditions of force trajectory displayed with low visual gain (LVG) and high visual gain (HVG). Together with smaller and more complex force fluctuations, HVG resulted in greater variabilities of the mean interspike interval and discharge irregularity among MUs than LVG did. Estimated via smoothening of a cumulative spike train of all MUs, global discharge rate was tuned to visual gain, with a more complex global discharge rate and a lower force-discharge relation in the HVG condition. These higher discharge variabilities were linked to larger variance of the common drive received by MUs for regulation of muscle force with higher visuospatial information. In summary, higher visuospatial information improves force steadiness with more complex force fluctuations, underlying joint effects of low-pass filter property of the musculotendon complex and central modulation of discharge variability among MUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University; Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Shih
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Physical Education Office, Asian University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Punia S, Kulandaivelan S. Home-based isometric handgrip training on RBP in hypertensive adults-Partial preliminary findings from RCT. Physiother Res Int 2019; 25:e1806. [PMID: 31418966 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to confirm whether 8 weeks of home-based isometric handgrip (IHG) training would reduce resting blood pressure (RBP) in an adult Indian population. METHODOLOGY Hypertensive patients (Stage 1 [previously prehypertension] and Stage 2 [previously Stage 1 hypertension]) aged 30-45 years, male and female, were included. INTERVENTION Two groups were included (active control group and IHG training group at 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction). Outcomes of this study were resting pulse rate (PR) and RBP, which were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks. Stratified randomization was done by sex and hypertension grade. The study was a double-blind intervention (both participants and the assessor were blinded to intervention allotment). RESULTS Forty hypertensive individuals were randomly assigned to a control (N = 20) and an 8-week home-based IHG training (N = 20) using a stratified random sampling technique. Each training session consisted of 4 × 2 min bouts with a 4-min rest between bouts for 8 weeks. Resting PR and RBP were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, there was a significant reduction in blood pressure and PR values in the IHG group as compared with those in the control group: systolic blood pressure (mean difference, MD -8.75 mmHg; 95% CI [-6.51, -10.39]); diastolic blood pressure (MD -8.35 mmHg; 95% CI [-6.25, -10.45]); mean arterial pressure (MD -8.13 mmHg; 95% CI [-6.21, -10.05]); and PR (MD -8.90 mmHg; 95% CI [-5.08, -12.72]. CONCLUSION On the basis of study findings, home-based IHG training can be used as an adjunct to control BP in the initial stage of hypertension in an Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Punia
- Department of Physiotherapy, GJUST, Hisar, India
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44
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Gavin JP, Cooper M, Wainwright TW. The effects of knee joint angle on neuromuscular activity during electrostimulation in healthy older adults. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2019; 5:2055668318779506. [PMID: 31191945 PMCID: PMC6453066 DOI: 10.1177/2055668318779506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electrostimulation devices stimulate the common peroneal nerve, producing a
calf muscle-pump action to promote venous circulation. Whether knee joint
angle influences calf neuromuscular activity remains unclear. Our aim was to
determine the effects of knee joint angle on lower limb neuromuscular
activity during electrostimulation. Methods Fifteen healthy, older adults underwent 60 min of electrostimulation, with
the knee joint at three different angles (0°, 45° or 90° flexion; random
order; 20 min each). Outcome variables included electromyography of the
peroneus longus, tibialis anterior and
gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis
and discomfort. Results Knee angle did not influence tibialis anterior and
peroneus longus neuromuscular activity during
electrostimulation. Neuromuscular activity was greater in the
gastrocnemius medialis (p = 0.002) and
lateralis (p = 0.002) at 90°, than 0°
knee angle. Electrostimulation intensity was positively related to
neuromuscular activity for each muscle, with a knee angle effect for the
gastrocnemius medialis (p = 0.05). Conclusion Results suggest that during electrostimulation, knee joint angle influenced
gastrocnemii neuromuscular activity; increased
gastrocnemius medialis activity across all intensities
(at 90°), when compared to 0° and 45° flexion; and did not influence
peroneus longus and tibialis anterior
activity. Greater electrostimulation-evoked gastrocnemii
activity has implications for producing a more forceful calf muscle-pump
action, potentially further improving venous flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Gavin
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Meryl Cooper
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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Abstract
In the late 19th century, Otto Frank presented a diagram (Frank O. Z Biol 37: 483-526, 1899) showing that cardiac end-systolic pressure-volume relations are dependent on the mode of contraction: one for isovolumic contractions that locate above that for afterloaded ejecting contractions. Conflicting results to Frank's have been subsequently demonstrated in various species, both within and among preparations, ranging from the whole hearts to single myocytes, showing a single pressure-volume or force-length relation that is independent of the mode of contraction. Numerous explanations for these conflicting results have been proposed but are mutually contradictory and hence unsatisfying. The present study aimed to explore how these conflicting findings can be reconciled. We thus explored the cardiac force-length relation across a wide spectrum of both preloads and afterloads, encompassing the physiological working range. Experiments were performed using isolated ventricular trabeculae at physiological temperature and stimulus frequency. The force-length relation obtained from isometric contractions was indeed located above a family of those obtained from shortening contractions. Low preload conditions rendered the relation contraction mode independent. High afterload conditions also showed a comparable effect. Our exploration allowed us to reveal the loading conditions that can explain the apparent single, contraction mode-independent, force-length relation that is in contrast with that presented by Frank. Resolving this century-old cardiac conundrum highlights the caution that must be taken when using the end-systolic force-length relation to illustrate as well as to understand the concepts of the Frank-Starling law of the heart, "potential energy," and cardiac contractility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our exploration of the cardiac force-length relation under wide ranges of preload and afterload has allowed us to reconcile conflicting results in the literature regarding its length dependency. We show that the relation is dependent on the mode of contraction but can appear to be otherwise under certain conditions. This finding highlights the need for caution when using the force-length relation to understand key concepts in cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Toan Pham
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Denis S Loiselle
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Kenneth Tran
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Pujari AN, Neilson RD, Cardinale M. Effects of different vibration frequencies, amplitudes and contraction levels on lower limb muscles during graded isometric contractions superimposed on whole body vibration stimulation. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2019; 6:2055668319827466. [PMID: 31245030 PMCID: PMC6582277 DOI: 10.1177/2055668319827466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirect vibration stimulation, i.e., whole body vibration or upper limb vibration, has been investigated increasingly as an exercise intervention for rehabilitation applications. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effects of graded isometric contractions superimposed on whole body vibration stimulation. Hence, the objective of this study was to quantify and analyse the effects of variations in the vibration parameters and contraction levels on the neuromuscular responses to isometric exercise superimposed on whole body vibration stimulation. METHODS In this study, we assessed the 'neuromuscular effects' of graded isometric contractions, of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of maximum voluntary contraction, superimposed on whole body vibration stimulation (V) and control (C), i.e., no-vibration in 12 healthy volunteers. Vibration stimuli tested were 30 Hz and 50 Hz frequencies and 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm amplitude. Surface electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and biceps femoris were measured during V and C conditions with electromyographic root mean square and electromyographic mean frequency values used to quantify muscle activity and their fatigue levels, respectively. RESULTS Both the prime mover (vastus lateralis) and the antagonist (biceps femoris) displayed significantly higher (P < 0.05) electromyographic activity with the V than the C condition with varying percentage increases in EMG root-mean-square (EMGrms) values ranging from 20% to 200%. For both the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris, the increase in mean EMGrms values depended on the frequency, amplitude and muscle contraction level with 50 Hz-0.5 mm stimulation inducing the largest neuromuscular activity. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the isometric contraction superimposed on vibration stimulation leads to higher neuromuscular activity compared to isometric contraction alone in the lower limbs. The combination of the vibration frequency with the amplitude and the muscle tension together grades the final neuromuscular output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit N Pujari
- School of Engineering, University of
Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- School of Engineering and Technology,
University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Marco Cardinale
- Department of Computer Science,
University College London, London, UK
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Malik B, Whittle T, Ogawa T, Murray GM. Reorganization of motor unit activity at different sites within the human masseter muscle during experimental masseter pain. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:400-410. [PMID: 30059170 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aims were to test the hypotheses that experimental masseter muscle pain leads to recruitment and/or derecruitment of motor units at different sites within the masseter and that the patterns of change in motor unit activity differ between sites. Single motor unit (SMU) activity was recorded at two sites within the right masseter [superior/anterior, inferior/posterior (IP)] during isometric biting tasks (ramp, step level) on an intraoral force transducer in 17 participants during three experimental blocks comprising no infusion (baseline), 5% hypertonic saline infusion (pain), or isotonic saline infusion (control). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score pain intensity. The VAS scores were statistically significantly greater during infusion of hypertonic saline than during infusion of isotonic saline. No significant differences in force levels and rates of force change were found between experimental blocks. In comparison with isotonic saline infusion, SMUs could be recruited and derecruited at both sites during hypertonic saline infusion. The frequency of recruitment or derecruitment, in comparison with no change, was statistically significantly greater at the IP site than at the superior/anterior site. Experimental noxious masseter stimulation results in a reorganization of motor unit activity throughout the muscle, and the pattern of reorganization may be different in different regions of the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Malik
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Terry Whittle
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Toru Ogawa
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Greg M Murray
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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48
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Sandoval I, Moura Ferreira P, Obregon F, Whittle T, Murray GM. Experimental noxious stimulation of the right masseter muscle does not affect bilateral masseter and temporalis muscle activity and force parameters during standardised isometric biting tasks. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:871-880. [PMID: 30024046 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left and right masseter and anterior temporalis muscles is altered by experimental right masseter muscle noxious stimulation during goal-directed isometric biting tasks in asymptomatic humans. METHODS Isometric biting tasks (slow and fast ramp biting tasks, 2-step biting task) were performed on an intraoral force transducer in 18 participants during the following blocks: baseline block, hypertonic saline infusion into the right masseter muscle (painful block) and isotonic saline infusion into the right masseter (control block). Bipolar surface electrodes recorded EMG activity from the bilateral masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. A 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) quantified pain intensity, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) were completed. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of pain on the force rates (N/s), force amplitudes (N) and the root mean square (RMS) jaw muscle EMG activity across blocks. Statistical significance accepted at P < 0.05. RESULTS VAS scores were significantly (P < 0.001) higher during hypertonic than isotonic saline infusion blocks. There was no significant effect of pain on the force rates, or force levels or the RMS EMG activity of each masseter and anterior temporalis muscle. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that experimentally induced right masseter muscle pain does not modify force or surface jaw muscle EMG activity during isometric biting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isbel Sandoval
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Polyana Moura Ferreira
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Fabian Obregon
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Terry Whittle
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Greg M Murray
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 2, Westmead Hospital Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
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de Brito Bitencourt G, Gonçalves MLL, Kobayashi FY, Motta LJ, da Silva DFT, Politti F, Paulino Feliciano L, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Fernandes KPS, Bussadori SK. Administration of low-level laser on muscles of mastication following the induction of initial fatigue: protocol for a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11340. [PMID: 29953026 PMCID: PMC6039591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial pain encompasses painful conditions, such as temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Multidisciplinary health teams seek to control such musculoskeletal disorders to improve the quality and functional capacity of the muscles of mastication. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy as a form of treatment for the prevention of initial fatigue of the muscles of mastication (masseter and anterior temporal muscles) as well as the recovery of these muscles after induced exhaustion (caused by isometric contraction) in young adults. METHODS The participants will be 78 healthy male and female volunteers between 18 and 34 years of age. The volunteers will be randomly allocated to a laser group (n = 26), sham group (n = 26), and control group (n = 26). All participants will be submitted to a clinical evaluation to record mandibular movements, bite force, muscle sensitivity to palpation, and initial muscle fatigue. Initial fatigue will be induced by isometric contraction of the jaws. Maximum voluntary contraction will be performed to record the time until initial exhaustion of the masseter muscle (determined by electromyography). The groups will then be submitted to the interventions: active laser therapy (wavelength: 780 nm; fluence: 134 J/cm; power: 50 mW; irradiance: 1.675 W/cm; exposure time: 80 seconds per point) on 3 points of the masseter and 1 point on the anterior temporal muscles on each side; sham laser (placebo effect); or no intervention (control). Maximum voluntary contraction will be performed again after the interventions to record the time until initial exhaustion of the masseter muscle (determined by electromyography). Differences in individual time until exhaustion between the pre- and postintervention evaluations will be measured to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy. DISCUSSION Although studies have been made with the use of low-level laser therapy in TMDs and on the effect of photobiomodulation on fatigue, this the first study to test this therapy in the prevention of fatigue in this region. The clinical relevance lies in the fact that longer dental procedures could take place if the patients are less prone to fatigue.
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Tan J, Chen J, Mu S, Tang JB, Garcia-Elias M. Length Changes in Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament With Resisted Wrist Radial and Ulnar Inclination. J Hand Surg Am 2018; 43:482.e1-7. [PMID: 29103850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the changes in length of the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) when the wrist is resisting horizontal lateral load and the forearm is in full pronation in vivo. METHODS We obtained computed tomography scans of the wrists of 6 volunteers in 3 situations: 0° position (0° extension and 0° ulnar inclination) and full forearm pronation without force, and in the same position but with resisted ulnar and radial deviation. Nine zones of 3 subregions of the SLIL were measured and analyzed with computer modeling. RESULTS Changes in length of the palmar SLIL with resisted ulnar deviation were significantly greater than those without an applied lateral load. In contrast, the changes in length of the dorsal SLIL with resisted radial deviation were statistically greater than those in the 0° position without loading. However, no significant differences in the changes in length of the proximal SLIL were found in any of 3 situations, except the dorsal zone with resisted radial deviation. CONCLUSIONS Application of lateral load has an effect on the separation of the palmar and dorsal insertions of the SLIL. The palmar subregion of the SLIL was more highly strained with wrist-resisted ulnar deviation. Conversely, the dorsal subregion of the SLIL was under greater tension with wrist-resisted radial deviation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For patients undergoing nonsurgical treatment of SLIL tears, a sudden contraction of ulnar or radial deviation agonist muscles may be harmful and contribute to SL instability.
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