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Xue G, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Zhang D, Zhang L, Li Z. A logic-incorporated gene regulatory network deciphers principles in cell fate decisions. eLife 2024; 12:RP88742. [PMID: 38652107 PMCID: PMC11037919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms utilize gene regulatory networks (GRN) to make fate decisions, but the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors (TF) in GRNs are exceedingly intricate. A longstanding question in this field is how these tangled interactions synergistically contribute to decision-making procedures. To comprehensively understand the role of regulatory logic in cell fate decisions, we constructed a logic-incorporated GRN model and examined its behavior under two distinct driving forces (noise-driven and signal-driven). Under the noise-driven mode, we distilled the relationship among fate bias, regulatory logic, and noise profile. Under the signal-driven mode, we bridged regulatory logic and progression-accuracy trade-off, and uncovered distinctive trajectories of reprogramming influenced by logic motifs. In differentiation, we characterized a special logic-dependent priming stage by the solution landscape. Finally, we applied our findings to decipher three biological instances: hematopoiesis, embryogenesis, and trans-differentiation. Orthogonal to the classical analysis of expression profile, we harnessed noise patterns to construct the GRN corresponding to fate transition. Our work presents a generalizable framework for top-down fate-decision studies and a practical approach to the taxonomy of cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xue
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wanqi Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zongxu Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Center for Machine Learning Research, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
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2
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Ma F, Liu H, Xia T, Zhang Z, Ma S, Hao Y, Shen J, Jiang Y, Li N. HSFAS mediates fibroblast proliferation, migration, trans-differentiation and apoptosis in hypertrophic scars via interacting with ADAMTS8. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:440-451. [PMID: 38006215 PMCID: PMC10984868 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is one of the most common sequelae of patients, especially after burns and trauma. The roles of regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mediating HS remain underexplored. Human hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSFBs) have been shown to exert more potent promoting effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation than normal skin-derived fibroblasts (NSFBs) and are associated with enhanced HS formation. The purpose of this study is to search for lncRNAs enriched in HSFBs and investigate their roles and mechanisms. LncRNA MSTRG.59347.16 is one of the most highly expressed lncRNAs in HS detected by lncRNA-seq and qRT-PCR and named as hypertrophic scar fibroblast-associated lncRNA (HSFAS). HSFAS overexpression significantly induces fibroblast proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast trans-differentiation and inhibits apoptosis in HSFBs, while knockdown of HSFAS results in augmented apoptosis and attenuated proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast trans-differentiation of HSFBs. Mechanistically, HSFAS suppresses the expression of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 8 (ADAMTS8). ADAMTS8 knockdown rescues downregulated HSFAS-mediated fibroblast proliferation, migration, myofibroblast trans-differentiation and apoptosis. Thus, our findings uncover a previously unknown lncRNA-dependent regulatory pathway for fibroblast function. Targeted intervention in the HSFAS-ADAMTS8 pathway is a potential therapy for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Honglin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Clinical Medical SchoolNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Tongtong Xia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Clinical Medical SchoolNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yinju Hao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Jiangyong Shen
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- School of Basic MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Nan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases ResearchNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
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3
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Lang H, Lin N, Chen X, Xiang J, Zhang X, Kang C. Repressing miR-23a promotes the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells via negatively regulating the expression of SDF-1α. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299821. [PMID: 38517864 PMCID: PMC10959391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure is a pathological feature in type 1 diabetes. One promising approach involves inducing transdifferentiation of related pancreatic cell types, specifically α cells that produce glucagon. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) is implicated in pancreatic α-to-β like cell transition. Here, the serum level of SDF-1α was lower in T1D with C-peptide loss, the miR-23a was negatively correlated with SDF-1α. We discovered that exosomal miR-23a, secreted from β cells, functionally downregulates the expression of SDF-1α, leading to increased Pax4 expression and decreased Arx expression in vivo. Adenovirus-vectored miR-23a sponge and mimic were constructed to further explored the miR-23a on pancreatic α-to-β like cell transition in vitro, which yielded results consistent with our cell-based assays. Suppression of miR-23a upregulated insulin level and downregulated glucagon level in STZ-induced diabetes mice models, effectively promoting α-to-β like cell transition. Our findings highlight miR-23a as a new therapeutic target for regenerating pancreatic β cells from α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Lang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- College of Medicine of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- College of Medicine of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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4
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Chen CC, Tran W, Song K, Sugimoto T, Obusan MB, Wang L, Sheu KM, Cheng D, Ta L, Varuzhanyan G, Huang A, Xu R, Zeng Y, Borujerdpur A, Bayley NA, Noguchi M, Mao Z, Morrissey C, Corey E, Nelson PS, Zhao Y, Huang J, Park JW, Witte ON, Graeber TG. Temporal evolution reveals bifurcated lineages in aggressive neuroendocrine small cell prostate cancer trans-differentiation. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:2066-2082.e9. [PMID: 37995683 PMCID: PMC10878415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Trans-differentiation from an adenocarcinoma to a small cell neuroendocrine state is associated with therapy resistance in multiple cancer types. To gain insight into the underlying molecular events of the trans-differentiation, we perform a multi-omics time course analysis of a pan-small cell neuroendocrine cancer model (termed PARCB), a forward genetic transformation using human prostate basal cells and identify a shared developmental, arc-like, and entropy-high trajectory among all transformation model replicates. Further mapping with single cell resolution reveals two distinct lineages defined by mutually exclusive expression of ASCL1 or ASCL2. Temporal regulation by groups of transcription factors across developmental stages reveals that cellular reprogramming precedes the induction of neuronal programs. TFAP4 and ASCL1/2 feedback are identified as potential regulators of ASCL1 and ASCL2 expression. Our study provides temporal transcriptional patterns and uncovers pan-tissue parallels between prostate and lung cancers, as well as connections to normal neuroendocrine cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Sugimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew B Obusan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine M Sheu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grigor Varuzhanyan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Huang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Runzhe Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuanhong Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amirreza Borujerdpur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Bayley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miyako Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jung Wook Park
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Fei L, Zhang K, Poddar N, Hautaniemi S, Sahu B. Single-cell epigenome analysis identifies molecular events controlling direct conversion of human fibroblasts to pancreatic ductal-like cells. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1701-1715.e8. [PMID: 37751683 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate can be reprogrammed by ectopic expression of lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs). However, the exact cell state transitions during transdifferentiation are still poorly understood. Here, we have generated pancreatic exocrine cells of ductal epithelial identity from human fibroblasts using a set of six TFs. We mapped the molecular determinants of lineage dynamics using a factor-indexing method based on single-nuclei multiome sequencing (FI-snMultiome-seq) that enables dissecting the role of each individual TF and pool of TFs in cell fate conversion. We show that transition from mesenchymal fibroblast identity to epithelial pancreatic exocrine fate involves two deterministic steps: an endodermal progenitor state defined by activation of HHEX with FOXA2 and SOX17 and a temporal GATA4 activation essential for the maintenance of pancreatic cell fate program. Collectively, our data suggest that transdifferentiation-although being considered a direct cell fate conversion method-occurs through transient progenitor states orchestrated by stepwise activation of distinct TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangru Fei
- Applied Tumor Genomics Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kaiyang Zhang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Nikita Poddar
- Applied Tumor Genomics Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Biswajyoti Sahu
- Applied Tumor Genomics Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadelléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Sun L, Li Y, Wang H, Xiao X, Luo X, Yang R, Li J, Ma Y, Liu Q, Tu K, Shi Y. FOXC2-AS1/FOXC2 axis mediates matrix stiffness-induced trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells into fibrosis-promoting myofibroblasts. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4206-4222. [PMID: 37705741 PMCID: PMC10496501 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness is a central modulator of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-regulated transcriptional factors linking matrix stiffness to alterations in HSCs phenotype are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of matrix stiffness on HSCs activation and its potential mechanism. Through analysis the RNA-seq data with human primary HSCs cultured on 0.4 kPa and 25.6 kPa hydrogel, we identified that forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) and its antisense lncRNA FXOC2-AS1 as the new mechanosensing transcriptional regulators that coordinate HSCs responses to the matrix stiffness, moreover, FOXC2 and FOXC2-AS1 expression were also elevated in human fibrosis and cirrhosis tissues. The matrix stiffness was sufficient to activate HSCs into myofibroblasts, resulting in nuclear accumulation of FOXC2. Disrupting FOXC2 and FOXC2-AS1 level abrogated stiffness-induced activation of HSCs. Further mechanistic studies displayed that stiffness-upregulated lncRNA FOXC2-AS1 had no influence on transcription of FOXC2. FOXC2-AS1 exerted its biological function through maintaining the RNA stability of FOXC2, and protecting FOXC2 mRNA from degradation by RNA exosome complex. Additionally, rescue assays confirmed that reintroduction of FOXC2 in FOXC2-AS1-depleted HSCs reversed the repression of FOXC2-AS1 knockdown on stiffness-induced HSCs activation. In AAV6-treated mice fibrotic models, targeting FOXC2 in vivo lead to a reduced degree of liver fibrosis. In sum, our study uncovers a reciprocal crosstalk between matrix stiffness and FOXC2-AS1/FOXC2 axis leading to modulation of HSCs mechanoactivation and liver fibrosis, and present AAV6 shRNA as an effective strategy that targets FOXC2 leading to the resolution of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuelian Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuenan Luo
- Zonglian College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruida Yang
- Zonglian College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Zonglian College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Zonglian College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Wang F, Li R, Zhang L, Nie X, Wang L, Chen L. Cell Transdifferentiation: A Challenging Strategy with Great Potential. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:154-161. [PMID: 37471050 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery and development of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and induced pluripotent stem cells, cell transdifferentiation research has presented unique advantages and stimulated a heated discussion worldwide. Cell transdifferentiation is a phenomenon by which a cell changes its lineage and acquires the phenotype of other cell types when exposed to certain conditions. Indeed, many adult stem cells and differentiated cells were reported to change their phenotype and transform into other lineages. This article reviews the differentiation of stem cells and classification of transdifferentiation, as well as the advantages, challenges, and prospects of cell transdifferentiation. This review discusses new research directions and the main challenges in the use of transdifferentiation in human cells and molecular replacement therapy. Overall, such knowledge is expected to provide a deep understanding of cell fate and regulation, which can change through differentiation, dedifferentiation, and transdifferentiation, with multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runting Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaoning Nie
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Longxin Chen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
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8
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Murphy MW, Gearhart MD, Wheeler A, Bardwell VJ, Zarkower D. Genomics of sexual cell fate transdifferentiation in the mouse gonad. G3 (Bethesda) 2022; 12:jkac267. [PMID: 36200842 PMCID: PMC9713387 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination in mammals hinges on a cell fate decision in the fetal bipotential gonad between formation of male Sertoli cells or female granulosa cells. While this decision normally is permanent, loss of key cell fate regulators such as the transcription factors Dmrt1 and Foxl2 can cause postnatal transdifferentiation from Sertoli to granulosa-like (Dmrt1) or vice versa (Foxl2). Here, we examine the mechanism of male-to-female transdifferentiation in mice carrying either a null mutation of Dmrt1 or a point mutation, R111G, that alters the DNA-binding motif and causes human XY gonadal dysgenesis and sex reversal. We first define genes misexpressed during transdifferentiation and then show that female transcriptional regulators driving transdifferentiation in the mutant XY gonad (ESR2, LRH1, FOXL2) bind chromatin sites related to those normally bound in the XX ovary. We next define gene expression changes and abnormal chromatin compartments at the onset of transdifferentiation that may help destabilize cell fate and initiate the transdifferentiation process. We model the R111G mutation in mice and show that it causes dominant gonadal dysgenesis, analogous to its human phenotype but less severe. We show that R111G partially feminizes the testicular transcriptome and causes dominant disruption of DMRT1 binding specificity in vivo. These data help illuminate how transdifferentiation occurs when sexual cell fate maintenance is disrupted and identify chromatin sites and transcripts that may play key roles in the transdifferentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Murphy
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew Wheeler
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Zarkower
- Developmental Biology Center and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Belpaire A, van Geel N, Speeckaert R. From IL-17 to IFN-γ in inflammatory skin disorders: Is transdifferentiation a potential treatment target? Front Immunol 2022; 13:932265. [PMID: 35967358 PMCID: PMC9367984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted inhibition of effector cytokines such as interleukin 17 (IL-17) in psoriasis and IL-13 in atopic dermatitis offers impressive efficacy with a favorable side effect profile. In contrast, the downregulation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in T helper (Th) 1-dominant skin disorders may lead to more adverse events, given the crucial role of IFN-γ in antiviral and antitumoral immunity. Modulating Th17 and Th2 cell differentiation is performed by blocking IL-23 and IL-4, respectively, whereas anti-IL-12 antibodies are only moderately effective in downregulating Th1 lymphocyte differentiation. Therefore, a targeted approach of IFN-γ-driven disorders remains challenging. Recent literature suggests that certain pathogenic Th17 cell subsets with Th1 characteristics, such as CD4+CD161+CCR6+CXCR3+IL-17+IFN-y+ (Th17.1) and CD4+CD161+CCR6+CXCR3+IL-17-IFN-y+ (exTh17), are important contributors in Th1-mediated autoimmunity. Differentiation to a Th17.1 or exTh17 profile results in the upregulation of IFN-y. Remarkably, these pathogenic Th17 cell subsets are resistant to glucocorticoid therapy and the dampening effect of regulatory T cells (Treg). The identification of Th17.1/exTh17 cells in auto-immune disorders may explain the frequent treatment failure of conventional immunosuppressants. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding the cellular plasticity of Th17 cells in inflammatory skin disorders. A deeper understanding of this phenomenon may lead to better insights into the pathogenesis of various skin diseases and the discovery of a potential new treatment target.
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10
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Lee K, Chan JY, Liang C, Ip CK, Shi YC, Herzog H, Hughes WE, Bensellam M, Delghingaro-Augusto V, Koina ME, Nolan CJ, Laybutt DR. XBP1 maintains beta cell identity, represses beta-to-alpha cell transdifferentiation and protects against diabetic beta cell failure during metabolic stress in mice. Diabetologia 2022; 65:984-996. [PMID: 35316840 PMCID: PMC9076738 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta cell dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation into other islet cells and apoptosis have been implicated in beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes, although the mechanisms are poorly defined. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a major regulator of the unfolded protein response. XBP1 expression is reduced in islets of people with type 2 diabetes, but its role in adult differentiated beta cells is unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of Xbp1 deletion in adult beta cells and tested whether XBP1-mediated unfolded protein response makes a necessary contribution to beta cell compensation in insulin resistance states. METHODS Mice with inducible beta cell-specific Xbp1 deletion were studied under normal (chow diet) or metabolic stress (high-fat diet or obesity) conditions. Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, islet gene expression, alpha cell mass, beta cell mass and apoptosis were assessed. Lineage tracing was used to determine beta cell fate. RESULTS Deletion of Xbp1 in adult mouse beta cells led to beta cell dedifferentiation, beta-to-alpha cell transdifferentiation and increased alpha cell mass. Cell lineage-specific analyses revealed that Xbp1 deletion deactivated beta cell identity genes (insulin, Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Beta2, Foxo1) and derepressed beta cell dedifferentiation (Aldh1a3) and alpha cell (glucagon, Arx, Irx2) genes. Xbp1 deletion in beta cells of obese ob/ob or high-fat diet-fed mice triggered diabetes and worsened glucose intolerance by disrupting insulin secretory capacity. Furthermore, Xbp1 deletion increased beta cell apoptosis under metabolic stress conditions by attenuating the antioxidant response. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that XBP1 maintains beta cell identity, represses beta-to-alpha cell transdifferentiation and is required for beta cell compensation and prevention of diabetes in insulin resistance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Liang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - William E Hughes
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane Delghingaro-Augusto
- Medical School and John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mark E Koina
- ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher J Nolan
- Medical School and John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Blakes R, Sundby LJ, Shi Z, Rockey DC, Ervasti JM, Nam YJ. Fibroblast fate determination during cardiac reprogramming by remodeling of actin filaments. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1604-1619. [PMID: 35688153 PMCID: PMC9287671 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) by forced expression of cardiogenic transcription factors. However, it remains unknown how fibroblasts adopt a cardiomyocyte (CM) fate during their spontaneous ongoing transdifferentiation toward myofibroblasts (MFs). By tracing fibroblast lineages following cardiac reprogramming in vitro, we found that most mature iCMs are derived directly from fibroblasts without transition through the MF state. This direct conversion is attributable to mutually exclusive induction of cardiac sarcomeres and MF cytoskeletal structures in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts during reprogramming. For direct fate switch from fibroblasts to iCMs, significant remodeling of actin isoforms occurs in fibroblasts, including induction of α-cardiac actin and decrease of the actin isoforms predominant in MFs. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological ablation of MF-enriched actin isoforms significantly enhances cardiac reprogramming. Our results demonstrate that remodeling of actin isoforms is required for fibroblast to CM fate conversion by cardiac reprogramming. Mature iCMs are not derived from myofibroblasts Sarcomeres of iCMs and stress fibers are mutually exclusive Repressing fibroblast actin organization facilitates cardiac reprogramming Remodeling of actin isoforms is required for cardiac reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Blakes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren J Sundby
- Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zengdun Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Don C Rockey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Young-Jae Nam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Chu W, Chu X, Wang J. Uncovering the Quantitative Relationships Among Chromosome Fluctuations, Epigenetics, and Gene Expressions of Transdifferentiation on Waddington Landscape. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2103617. [PMID: 35104056 PMCID: PMC8981899 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 3D spatial organization of the chromosomes appears to be linked to the gene function, which is cell type-specific. The chromosome structural ensemble switching model (CSESM) is developed by employing a heteropolymer model on different cell types and the important quantitative relationships among the chromosome ensemble, the epigenetic marks, and the gene expressions are uncovered, that both chromosome fluctuation and epigenetic marks have strong linear correlations with the gene expressions. The results support that the two compartments have different behaviors, corresponding to the relatively sparse and fluctuating phase (compartment A) and the relatively dense and stable phase (compartment B). Importantly, through the investigation of the transdifferentiation processes between the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and the bipolar neuron (BN), a quantitative description for the transdifferentiation is provided, which can be linked to the Waddington landscape. In addition, compared to the direct transdifferentiation between PBMC and BN, the transdifferentiation via the intermediate state neural progenitor cell (NPC) follows a different path (an "uphill" followed by a "downhill"). These theoretical studies bridge the gap among the chromosome fluctuations/ensembles, the epigenetics, and gene expressions in determining the cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Ting Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022China
| | - Xiakun Chu
- Department of Chemistry & PhysicsState University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry & PhysicsState University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
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13
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Guo B, Liu J, Wang B, Zhang C, Su Z, Zhao M, Qin L, Zhang W, Zheng R. Withaferin A Promotes White Adipose Browning and Prevents Obesity Through Sympathetic Nerve-Activated Prdm16-FATP1 Axis. Diabetes 2022; 71:249-263. [PMID: 34732538 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has resulted in demands for the development of new effective strategies for obesity treatment. Withaferin A (WA) shows a great potential for prevention of obesity by sensitizing leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. However, the mechanism underlying the weight- and adiposity-reducing effects of WA remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report that WA treatment induced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, elevated energy expenditure, decreased respiratory exchange ratio, and prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity. The sympathetic chemical denervation dampened the WAT browning and also impeded the reduction of adiposity in WA-treated mice. WA markedly upregulated the levels of Prdm16 and FATP1 (Slc27a1) in the inguinal WAT (iWAT), and this was blocked by sympathetic denervation. Prdm16 or FATP1 knockdown in iWAT abrogated the WAT browning-inducing effects of WA and restored the weight gain and adiposity in WA-treated mice. Together, these findings suggest that WA induces WAT browning through the sympathetic nerve-adipose axis, and the adipocytic Prdm16-FATP1 pathway mediates the promotive effects of WA on white adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Su
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Rezaei-Lotfi S, Vujovic F, Simonian M, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Programmed genomic instability regulates neural transdifferentiation of human brain microvascular pericytes. Genome Biol 2021; 22:334. [PMID: 34886891 PMCID: PMC8656028 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transdifferentiation describes transformation in vivo of specialized cells from one lineage into another. While there is extensive literature on forced induction of lineage reprogramming in vitro, endogenous mechanisms that govern transdifferentiation remain largely unknown. The observation that human microvascular pericytes transdifferentiate into neurons provided an opportunity to explore the endogenous molecular basis for lineage reprogramming. RESULTS We show that abrupt destabilization of the higher-order chromatin topology that chaperones lineage memory of pericytes is driven by transient global transcriptional arrest. This leads within minutes to localized decompression of the repressed competing higher-order chromatin topology and expression of pro-neural genes. Transition to neural lineage is completed by probabilistic induction of R-loops in key myogenic loci upon re-initiation of RNA polymerase activity, leading to depletion of the myogenic transcriptome and emergence of the neurogenic transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the global transcriptional landscape not only shapes the functional cellular identity of pericytes, but also stabilizes lineage memory by silencing the competing neural program within a repressed chromatin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rezaei-Lotfi
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mary Simonian
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Ramin M. Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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15
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Kusama K, Fukushima Y, Yoshida K, Azumi M, Yoshie M, Mizuno Y, Kajihara T, Tamura K. PGE2 and Thrombin Induce Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation via Activin A and CTGF in Endometrial Stromal Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6380884. [PMID: 34606582 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by inflammation and fibrotic changes. Our previous study using a mouse model showed that proinflammatory factors present in peritoneal hemorrhage exacerbated inflammation in endometriosis-like grafts, at least in part through the activation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor and protease-activated receptor (PAR). In addition, menstruation-related factors, PGE2 and thrombin (P/T), a PAR1 agonist induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endometrial cells under hypoxia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which P/T induce development of endometriosis have not been fully characterized. To investigate the effects of P/T, RNA extracted from endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) treated with P/T were subjected to RNA sequence analysis, and identified activin A, FOS, and GATA2 as upregulated genes. Activin A increased the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and mesenchymal marker genes in ESCs. CTGF induced the expression of fibrosis marker type I collagen, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), indicating fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) of ESCs. In addition, activin A, FOS, GATA2, CTGF, and αSMA were localized in endometriosis lesions. Taken together, our data show that P/T induces changes resembling EMT and FMT in ectopic ESCs derived from retrograde menstruation, and that these are associated with fibrotic changes in the lesions. Pharmacological means that block P/T-induced activin A and CTGF signaling may be strategies to inhibit fibrosis in endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuta Fukushima
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kanoko Yoshida
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mana Azumi
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yumi Mizuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kajihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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16
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Salvadori L, Chiappalupi S, Arato I, Mancuso F, Calvitti M, Marchetti MC, Riuzzi F, Calafiore R, Luca G, Sorci G. Sertoli Cells Improve Myogenic Differentiation, Reduce Fibrogenic Markers, and Induce Utrophin Expression in Human DMD Myoblasts. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1504. [PMID: 34680138 PMCID: PMC8533898 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in DMD gene translating in lack of functional dystrophin and resulting in susceptibility of myofibers to rupture during contraction. Inflammation and fibrosis are critical hallmarks of DMD muscles, which undergo progressive degeneration leading to loss of independent ambulation in childhood and death by early adulthood. We reported that intraperitoneal injection of microencapsulated Sertoli cells (SeC) in dystrophic mice translates into recovery of muscle morphology and performance thanks to anti-inflammatory effects and induction of the dystrophin paralogue, utrophin at the muscle level, opening new avenues in the treatment of DMD. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the direct effects of SeC on myoblasts/myotubes, as a necessary step in view of a translational application of SeC-based approaches to DMD. We show that (i) SeC-derived factors stimulate cell proliferation in the early phase of differentiation in C2C12, and human healthy and DMD myoblasts; (ii) SeC delay the expression of differentiation markers in the early phase nevertheless stimulating terminal differentiation in DMD myoblasts; (iii) SeC restrain the fibrogenic potential of fibroblasts, and inhibit myoblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation; and, (iv) SeC provide functional replacement of dystrophin in preformed DMD myotubes regardless of the mutation by inducing heregulin β1/ErbB2/ERK1/2-dependent utrophin expression. Altogether, these results show that SeC are endowed with promyogenic and antifibrotic effects on dystrophic myoblasts, further supporting their potential use in the treatment of DMD patients. Our data also suggest that SeC-based approaches might be useful in improving the early phase of muscle regeneration, during which myoblasts have to adequately proliferate to replace the damaged muscle mass.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Transdifferentiation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/metabolism
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Regeneration/genetics
- Sertoli Cells/metabolism
- Sertoli Cells/pathology
- Utrophin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salvadori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iva Arato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calafiore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (CURGeF), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (CURGeF), 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Ghnaimawi S, Rebello L, Baum J, Huang Y. DHA but not EPA induces the trans-differentiation of C2C12 cells into white-like adipocytes phenotype. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249438. [PMID: 34473703 PMCID: PMC8412409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) and myoblast play an important role in myotube regeneration when muscle tissue is injured. However, these cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes once exposed to PPARγ activator like EPA and DHA that are highly suggested during pregnancy. The objective of this study aims at determining the identity of trans-differentiated cells by exploring the effect of EPA and DHA on C2C12 undergoing differentiation into brown and white adipocytes. DHA but not EPA committed C2C12 cells reprograming into white like adipocyte phenotype. Also, DHA promoted the expression of lipolysis regulating genes but had no effect on genes regulating β-oxidation referring to its implication in lipid re-esterification. Furthermore, DHA impaired C2C12 cells differentiation into brown adipocytes through reducing the thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis of derived cells independent of UCP1. Accordingly, DHA treated groups showed an increased accumulation of lipid droplets and suppressed mitochondrial maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. EPA, on the other hand, reduced myogenesis regulating genes, but no significant differences were observed in the expression of adipogenesis key genes. Likewise, EPA suppressed the expression of WAT signature genes indicating that EPA and DHA have an independent role on white adipogensis. Unlike DHA treatment, EPA supplementation had no effect on the differential of C2C12 cells into brown adipocytes. In conclusion, DHA is a potent adipogenic and lipogenic factor that can change the metabolic profile of muscle cells by increasing myocellular fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Rebello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
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18
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Dolmatov IY, Kalacheva NV, Tkacheva ES, Shulga AP, Zavalnaya EG, Shamshurina EV, Girich AS, Boyko AV, Eliseikina MG. Expression of Piwi, MMP, TIMP, and Sox during Gut Regeneration in Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1292. [PMID: 34440466 PMCID: PMC8391186 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesodermal cells of holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix can transdifferentiate into enterocytes during the regeneration of the digestive system. In this study, we investigated the expression of several genes involved in gut regeneration in E. fraudatrix. Moreover, the localization of progenitor cells of coelomocytes, juvenile cells, and their participation in the formation of the luminal epithelium of the digestive tube were studied. It was shown that Piwi-positive cells were not involved in the formation of the luminal epithelium of the digestive tube. Ef-72 kDa type IV collagenase and Ef-MMP16 had an individual expression profile and possibly different functions. The Ef-tensilin3 gene exhibited the highest expression and indicates its potential role in regeneration. Ef-Sox9/10 and Ef-Sox17 in E. fraudatrix may participate in the mechanism of transdifferentiation of coelomic epithelial cells. Their transcripts mark the cells that plunge into the connective tissue of the gut anlage and give rise to enterocytes. Ef-Sox9/10 probably controls the switching of mesodermal cells to the enterocyte phenotype, while Ef-Sox17 may be involved in the regulation of the initial stages of transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Yu. Dolmatov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.V.K.); (E.S.T.); (A.P.S.); (E.G.Z.); (E.V.S.); (A.S.G.); (A.V.B.); (M.G.E.)
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19
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Pao SI, Lin LT, Chen YH, Chen CL, Chen JT. Repression of Smad4 by MicroRNA-1285 moderates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254873. [PMID: 34383767 PMCID: PMC8360606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether microRNA (miR)-1285 can suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Expression of miR-1285 was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The features of EMT were assessed using Western blotting, immunocytochemical staining, scratch wound healing tests, modified Boyden chamber assay, and collagen gel contraction assay. A rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was used for in vivo testing, which involved the induction of PVR by injection of transfected ARPE cells into the vitreous chamber. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the putative target of miR-1285. The expression of miR-1285 was downregulated in ARPE-19 cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Overexpression of miR-1285 led to upregulation of zonula occludens-1, downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, cell migration and cell contractility-all EMT features-in the TGF-β2-treated ARPE-19 cells. The reporter assay indicated that the 3' untranslated region of Smad4 was the direct target of miR1285. PVR progression was alleviated in the miR-1285 transfected rabbits. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-1285 attenuates TGF-β2-induced EMT in a rabbit model of PVR, and the effect of miR-1285 in PVR is dependent on Smad4. Further research is warranted to develop a feasible therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Le-Tien Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Jordan NP, Tingle SJ, Shuttleworth VG, Cooke K, Redgrave RE, Singh E, Glover EK, Ahmad Tajuddin HB, Kirby JA, Arthur HM, Ward C, Sheerin NS, Ali S. MiR-126-3p Is Dynamically Regulated in Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition during Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168629. [PMID: 34445337 PMCID: PMC8395326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In fibrotic diseases, myofibroblasts derive from a range of cell types including endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs are key regulators in biological processes but their profile is relatively understudied in EndMT. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), EndMT was induced by treatment with TGFβ2 and IL1β. A significant decrease in endothelial markers such as VE-cadherin, CD31 and an increase in mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin were observed. In parallel, miRNA profiling showed that miR-126-3p was down-regulated in HUVECs undergoing EndMT and over-expression of miR-126-3p prevented EndMT, maintaining CD31 and repressing fibronectin expression. EndMT was investigated using lineage tracing with transgenic Cdh5-Cre-ERT2; Rosa26R-stop-YFP mice in two established models of fibrosis: cardiac ischaemic injury and kidney ureteric occlusion. In both cardiac and kidney fibrosis, lineage tracing showed a significant subpopulation of endothelial-derived cells expressed mesenchymal markers, indicating they had undergone EndMT. In addition, miR-126-3p was restricted to endothelial cells and down-regulated in murine fibrotic kidney and heart tissue. These findings were confirmed in patient kidney biopsies. MiR-126-3p expression is restricted to endothelial cells and is down-regulated during EndMT. Over-expression of miR-126-3p reduces EndMT, therefore, it could be considered for miRNA-based therapeutics in fibrotic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P. Jordan
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Samuel J. Tingle
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Victoria G. Shuttleworth
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Katie Cooke
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Rachael E. Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (E.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Esha Singh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (E.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Emily K. Glover
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Hafiza B. Ahmad Tajuddin
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - John A. Kirby
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Helen M. Arthur
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (E.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Chris Ward
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Neil S. Sheerin
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Simi Ali
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)191-208-7158
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21
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Wang AYL. Application of Modified mRNA in Somatic Reprogramming to Pluripotency and Directed Conversion of Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158148. [PMID: 34360910 PMCID: PMC8348611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified mRNA (modRNA)-based somatic reprogramming is an effective and safe approach that overcomes the genomic mutation risk caused by viral integrative methods. It has improved the disadvantages of conventional mRNA and has better stability and immunogenicity. The modRNA molecules encoding multiple pluripotent factors have been applied successfully in reprogramming somatic cells such as fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and amniotic fluid stem cells to generate pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, it also can be directly used in the terminal differentiation of stem cells and fibroblasts into functional therapeutic cells, which exhibit great promise in disease modeling, drug screening, cell transplantation therapy, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarized the reprogramming applications of modified mRNA in iPSC generation and therapeutic applications of functionally differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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22
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Liang X, Duan H, Mao Y, Koestner U, Wei Y, Deng F, Zhuang J, Li H, Wang C, Hernandez-Miranda LR, Tao W, Jia S. The SNAG Domain of Insm1 Regulates Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Represses β- to δ-Cell Transdifferentiation. Diabetes 2021; 70:1084-1097. [PMID: 33547047 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The allocation and specification of pancreatic endocrine lineages are tightly regulated by transcription factors. Disturbances in differentiation of these lineages contribute to the development of various metabolic diseases, including diabetes. The insulinoma-associated protein 1 (Insm1), which encodes a protein containing one SNAG domain and five zinc fingers, plays essential roles in pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and in mature β-cell function. In the current study, we compared the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells between Insm1 null and Insm1 SNAG domain mutants (Insm1delSNAG) to explore the specific function of the SNAG domain of Insm1. We show that the δ-cell number is increased in Insm1delSNAG but not in Insm1 null mutants as compared with the control mice. We also show a less severe reduction of the β-cell number in Insm1delSNAG as that in Insm1 null mutants. In addition, similar deficits are observed in α-, PP, and ε-cells in Insm1delSNAG and Insm1 null mutants. We further identified that the increased δ-cell number is due to β- to δ-cell transdifferentiation. Mechanistically, the SNAG domain of Insm1 interacts with Lsd1, the demethylase of H3K4me1/2. Mutation in the SNAG domain of Insm1 results in impaired recruitment of Lsd1 and increased H3K4me1/2 levels at hematopoietically expressed homeobox (Hhex) loci that are bound by Insm1, thereby promoting the transcriptional activity of the δ-cell-specific gene Hhex Our study has identified a novel function of the SNAG domain of Insm1 in the regulation of pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation, particularly in the repression of β- to δ-cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualin Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahui Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ulrich Koestner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yiqiu Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingshen Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luis R Hernandez-Miranda
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weihua Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Abstract
Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal Type 1 (SPINK1) is a secreted protein known as a protease inhibitor of trypsin in the pancreas. However, emerging evidence shows its function in promoting cancer progression in various types of cancer. SPINK1 modulated tumor malignancies and induced the activation of the downstream signaling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cancer cells, due to the structural similarity with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The discoverable SPINK1 somatic mutations, expressional signatures, and prognostic significances in various types of cancer have attracted attention as a cancer biomarker in clinical applications. Emerging findings further clarify the direct and indirect biological effects of SPINK1 in regulating cancer proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, transdifferentiation, and cancer stemness, warranting the exploration of the SPINK1-mediated molecular mechanism to identify a therapeutic strategy. In this review article, we first integrate the transcriptomic data of different types of cancer with clinical information and recent findings of SPINK1-mediated malignant phenotypes. In addition, a comprehensive summary of SPINK1 expression in a pan-cancer panel and individual cell types of specific organs at the single-cell level is presented to indicate the potential sites of tumorigenesis, which has not yet been reported. This review aims to shed light on the roles of SPINK1 in cancer and provide guidance and potential directions for scientists in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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24
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Buchet R, Tribes C, Rouaix V, Doumèche B, Fiore M, Wu Y, Magne D, Mebarek S. Hydrolysis of Extracellular ATP by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Transdifferentiated into Chondrocytes Generates P i but Not PP i. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062948. [PMID: 33799449 PMCID: PMC8000465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is suspected to induce atherosclerosis plaque calcification. TNAP, during physiological mineralization, hydrolyzes the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Since atherosclerosis plaques are characterized by the presence of necrotic cells that probably release supraphysiological concentrations of ATP, we explored whether this extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolyzed into the mineralization inhibitor PPi or the mineralization stimulator inorganic phosphate (Pi), and whether TNAP is involved. (2) Methods: Murine aortic smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS cells) were transdifferentiated into chondrocyte-like cells in calcifying medium, containing ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. ATP hydrolysis rates were determined in extracellular medium extracted from MOVAS cultures during their transdifferentiation, using 31P-NMR and IR spectroscopy. (3) Results: ATP and PPi hydrolysis by MOVAS cells increased during transdifferentiation. ATP hydrolysis was sequential, yielding adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine without any detectable PPi. The addition of levamisole partially inhibited ATP hydrolysis, indicating that TNAP and other types of ectonucleoside triphoshatediphosphohydrolases contributed to ATP hydrolysis. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high ATP levels released by cells in proximity to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis plaques generate Pi and not PPi, which may exacerbate plaque calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Buchet
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Camille Tribes
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Valentine Rouaix
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Bastien Doumèche
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Michele Fiore
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - David Magne
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
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25
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He Y, Dan Y, Gao X, Huang L, Lv H, Chen J. DNMT1-mediated lncRNA MEG3 methylation accelerates endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic retinopathy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E598-E608. [PMID: 33284093 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00089.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious complications that occurs in diabetic patients that frequently causes blindness. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with DR pathology. This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism of lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in association with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (endMT) that occurs in DR. A rat model of DR was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and a high-glucose (HG)-induced cell model was established by exposing microvascular endothelial cells obtained from retina of rats to HG. Subsequently, MEG3 was overexpressed in rat and cell models to characterize its impact on endMT in DR and the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the methylation level of MEG3 promoter region was determined with the application of methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for methyltransferase enrichment. Finally, we examined the regulation of DNMT1 on MEG3 methylation and endMT in the HG-induced cell model. The results obtained revealed downregulated MEG3 expression in DR rat and cell models. Overexpressed MEG3 was shown to suppress endMT in DR rat and cell models through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Notably, DNMT1 could promote MEG3 promoter methylation to inhibit MEG3 expression by recruiting methyltransferase, which activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to accelerate endMT in DR. These findings further highlighted the inhibitory effect of MEG3 on endMT in DR, thus presenting a novel therapeutic target candidate for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Dan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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26
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Li J, Xu X, Tiwari M, Chen Y, Fuller M, Bansal V, Tamayo P, Das S, Ghosh P, Sen GL. SPT6 promotes epidermal differentiation and blockade of an intestinal-like phenotype through control of transcriptional elongation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:784. [PMID: 33542242 PMCID: PMC7862286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult tissue, stem and progenitor cells must tightly regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation to sustain homeostasis. How this exquisite balance is achieved is an area of active investigation. Here, we show that epidermal genes, including ~30% of induced differentiation genes already contain stalled Pol II at the promoters in epidermal stem and progenitor cells which is then released into productive transcription elongation upon differentiation. Central to this process are SPT6 and PAF1 which are necessary for the elongation of these differentiation genes. Upon SPT6 or PAF1 depletion there is a loss of human skin differentiation and stratification. Unexpectedly, loss of SPT6 also causes the spontaneous transdifferentiation of epidermal cells into an intestinal-like phenotype due to the stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate P63. Our findings suggest that control of transcription elongation through SPT6 plays a prominent role in adult somatic tissue differentiation and the inhibition of alternative cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mackenzie Fuller
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varun Bansal
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Kumar R, Sharma AK. Transcription factor stoichiometry in cell fate determination. J Genet 2021; 100:27. [PMID: 34187974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors play very important role in cell fate determination. There are many cell specific transcription factors which when expressed ectopically may lead to cell fate conversion or transdifferentiation. Many of these transcription factors function differently based on their levels and stoichiometry. Many different types of differentiated cells have been generated from other differentiated cell types by expressing different levels and stoichiometry of reprogramming factors. Many methodologies have been developed for efficient cell fate conversion by regulating the levels and stoichiometry of transcription factors in a particular cocktail that have therapeutic values. An approach called phenotypic activation which involves overexpression of putative transcription factors has been developed as a tool to discover new transcription factors and their targets. Transcription factor overexpression may also have toxic effects where nonspecific electrostatic interactions and 'squelching' may lead to inhibition of many genes. Altered levels of transcription factors may have disastrous consequences like cancer. Recent developments like designing of artificial transcription factors, nanotechnology-based transcriptional tools and CRISPR-based transcription modules with capabilities of precise regulation of gene expression patterns hold huge potentials in the field of transcriptional therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- University Department of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag 825 301, India.
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Sabater L, Locatelli L, Oakley F, Hardy T, French J, Robinson SM, Sen G, Mann DA, Mann J. RNA sequencing reveals changes in the microRNAome of transdifferentiating hepatic stellate cells that are conserved between human and rat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21708. [PMID: 33303921 PMCID: PMC7728773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small (~ 22nt long) noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Over 2000 microRNAs have been described in humans and many are implicated in human pathologies including tissue fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major cellular contributors to excess extracellular matrix deposition in the diseased liver and as such are important in the progression of liver fibrosis. We employed next generation sequencing to map alterations in the expression of microRNAs occurring across a detailed time course of culture-induced transdifferentiation of primary human HSC, this a key event in fibrogenesis. Furthermore, we compared profiling of human HSC microRNAs with that of rat HSC so as to identify those molecules that are conserved with respect to modulation of expression. Our analysis reveals that a total of 229 human microRNAs display altered expression as a consequence of HSC transdifferentiation and of these 104 were modulated early during the initiation phase. Typically modulated microRNAs were targeting kinases, transcription factors, chromatin factors, cell cycle regulators and growth factors. 162 microRNAs changed in expression during transdifferentiation of rat HSC, however only 17 underwent changes that were conserved in human HSC. Our study therefore identifies widespread changes in the expression of HSC microRNAs in fibrogenesis, but suggests a need for caution when translating data obtained from rodent HSC to events occurring in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabater
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Luigi Locatelli
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Timothy Hardy
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeremy French
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stuart M Robinson
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gourab Sen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D A Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Kilsdonk MJ, Romeijn TR, Kelder W, van Kempen LC, Diercks GF. Angiosarcomatous transdifferentiation of metastatic melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:1211-1214. [PMID: 32865830 PMCID: PMC7756493 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is known to show considerable variation in its histopathological presentation. In exceptional cases, heterologous or divergent differentiation (metaplastic melanoma) can be observed. We report a case of a 69-year-old man who was diagnosed with nodular melanoma on the right upper leg. One year later, the patient presented with an inguinal lymph node metastasis and a lymph node dissection was carried out. In two out of five positive lymph nodes, an angiosarcomatous component was found next to a conventional melanoma component. Shortly after, the patient developed two in-transit metastases in which again an angiosarcomatous component was seen. The vascular component stained positive for ERG and CD31 and negative for melanocytic markers (Mart-1, S100, SOX-10), while the conventional melanoma had an opposite staining pattern. Molecular analysis on both components showed an identical mutation in the NRAS gene, which in our opinion proves the divergent differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing angiosarcomatous transdifferentiation of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin J. Kilsdonk
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Kelder
- Department of SurgeryMartini HospitalGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Léon C. van Kempen
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gilles F. Diercks
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Centre Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Qin X, Jiang Q, Nagano K, Moriishi T, Miyazaki T, Komori H, Ito K, von der Mark K, Sakane C, Kaneko H, Komori T. Runx2 is essential for the transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009169. [PMID: 33253203 PMCID: PMC7728394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes proliferate and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Vascular invasion into the cartilage occurs in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes die by apoptosis or transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. Runx2-deficient mice are composed of cartilaginous skeletons and lack the vascular invasion into the cartilage. However, the requirement of Runx2 in the vascular invasion into the cartilage, mechanism of chondrocyte transdifferentiation to osteoblasts, and its significance in bone development remain to be elucidated. To investigate these points, we generated Runx2fl/flCre mice, in which Runx2 was deleted in hypertrophic chondrocytes using Col10a1 Cre. Vascular invasion into the cartilage was similarly observed in Runx2fl/fl and Runx2fl/flCre mice. Vegfa expression was reduced in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes in Runx2fl/flCre mice, but Vegfa was strongly expressed in osteoblasts in the bone collar, suggesting that Vegfa expression in bone collar osteoblasts is sufficient for vascular invasion into the cartilage. The apoptosis of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes was increased and their transdifferentiation was interrupted in Runx2fl/flCre mice, leading to lack of primary spongiosa and osteoblasts in the region at E16.5. The osteoblasts appeared in this region at E17.5 in the absence of transdifferentiation, and the number of osteoblasts and the formation of primary spongiosa, but not secondary spongiosa, reached to levels similar those in Runx2fl/fl mice at birth. The bone structure and volume and all bone histomophometric parameters were similar between Runx2fl/fl and Runx2fl/flCre mice after 6 weeks of age. These findings indicate that Runx2 expression in terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes is not required for vascular invasion into the cartilage, but is for their survival and transdifferentiation into osteoblasts, and that the transdifferentiation is necessary for trabecular bone formation in embryonic and neonatal stages, but not for acquiring normal bone structure and volume in young and adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Qing Jiang
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisato Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Klaus von der Mark
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiharu Sakane
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Life Science Support Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kaneko
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gonzalez Curto G, Der Vartanian A, Frarma YEM, Manceau L, Baldi L, Prisco S, Elarouci N, Causeret F, Korenkov D, Rigolet M, Aurade F, De Reynies A, Contremoulins V, Relaix F, Faklaris O, Briscoe J, Gilardi-Hebenstreit P, Ribes V. The PAX-FOXO1s trigger fast trans-differentiation of chick embryonic neural cells into alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with tissue invasive properties limited by S phase entry inhibition. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009164. [PMID: 33175861 PMCID: PMC7682867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosome translocations generating PAX3-FOXO1 and PAX7-FOXO1 chimeric proteins are the primary hallmarks of the paediatric fusion-positive alveolar subtype of Rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS). Despite the ability of these transcription factors to remodel chromatin landscapes and promote the expression of tumour driver genes, they only inefficiently promote malignant transformation in vivo. The reason for this is unclear. To address this, we developed an in ovo model to follow the response of spinal cord progenitors to PAX-FOXO1s. Our data demonstrate that PAX-FOXO1s, but not wild-type PAX3 or PAX7, trigger the trans-differentiation of neural cells into FP-RMS-like cells with myogenic characteristics. In parallel, PAX-FOXO1s remodel the neural pseudo-stratified epithelium into a cohesive mesenchyme capable of tissue invasion. Surprisingly, expression of PAX-FOXO1s, similar to wild-type PAX3/7, reduce the levels of CDK-CYCLIN activity and increase the fraction of cells in G1. Introduction of CYCLIN D1 or MYCN overcomes this PAX-FOXO1-mediated cell cycle inhibition and promotes tumour growth. Together, our findings reveal a mechanism that can explain the apparent limited oncogenicity of PAX-FOXO1 fusion transcription factors. They are also consistent with certain clinical reports indicative of a neural origin of FP-RMS. The fusion-positive subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) is a rare malignant paediatric cancer, whose induction and evolution still remain to be deciphered. Out of the gross genetic aberrations found in these cancers, t(2:13) and t(1,13) chromosome translocations are the first to appear and lead to the expression of fusion proteins made of the DNA binding domains of either PAX3 or PAX7 and the transactivation domain of FOXO1. Both PAX3-FOXO1 and PAX7-FOXO1 have a strong impact on gene transcription, yet they only inefficiently promote the transformation of healthy cells into tumorigenic cells. To address this issue, we have used chick embryos to monitor in vivo the early response of cells to PAX-FOXO1 chimeric proteins. We showed that both proteins, but not the normal PAX3 and PAX7, transform neural cells into cells with FP-RMS molecular features. The PAX-FOXO1s also force polarized epithelial neural cells to adopt a mesenchymal phenotype with tissue invasive properties. However, the PAX-FOXO1s inhibit cell division and hence tumour growth. Genetically re-activating core cell cycle regulators rescues PAX-FOXO1 mediated cell cycle inhibition. Together, our findings bring further support to the idea that the PAX-FOXO1s are stricto sensu oncoproteins, whose oncogenicity is limited by negative effects on cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Line Manceau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Baldi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Selene Prisco
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Daniil Korenkov
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Rigolet
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnVA, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Aurade
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnVA, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien De Reynies
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Contremoulins
- ImagoSeine core facility of Institut Jacques Monod and member of France-BioImaging, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, EnVA, EFS, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- ImagoSeine core facility of Institut Jacques Monod and member of France-BioImaging, France
| | - James Briscoe
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vanessa Ribes
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Dong M, Zhang L, Lin J, Ye R, Zhou H, Liu X, Jin W. miR17-92 cluster drives white adipose tissue browning. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 65:97-107. [PMID: 32755999 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) browning may have beneficial effects for treating metabolic syndrome. miRNA are important regulators of the differentiation, development, and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Here, we found that the cold-inducible miRNA17-92 cluster is enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared with WAT. Overexpression of the miR17-92 cluster in C3H10T1/2 cells, a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line, enhanced the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in adiposity in adipose tissue-specific miR17-92 cluster transgenic (TG) mice. This finding is partly explained by dramatic increases in white fat browning and energy expenditure. Interestingly, the miR17-92 cluster stimulated WAT browning without altering BAT activity in mice. In addition, when we removed the intrascapular BAT (iBAT), the TG mice could maintain their body temperature well under cold exposure. At the molecular level, we found that the miR17-92 cluster targets Rb1, a beige cell repressor in WAT. The present study reveals a critical role for the miR17-92 cluster in regulating WAT browning. These results may be helpful for better understanding the function of beige fat, which could compensate for the lack of BAT in humans, and may open new avenues for combatting metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Cultured peritoneal macrophages from intact (control) and BCG-infected (experiment) male BALB/c mice were studied 90 days after infection. Polarization of macrophages by M1 (expression of GM-CSF, IFNγ, and CD16/32) and M2 (expression of bFGF and CD36) differentiation pathways was studied with consideration for their the nuclearity class. Mononuclear cells predominated (90% and higher) in macrophage cultures of both groups and presumably, were presented by mainly epithelioid cells. The results indicated polarization of mononuclear and multinuclear macrophages in the M2 direction under conditions of BCG granulomatosis and a higher initial M2 polarization of binuclear macrophages. In control cultures, the ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages was 0.57, in experimental cultures this ratio was 1.6. It seems that long persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages served as a factor stimulating the plastic processes and transformation of macrophages into epithelioid cells that form the "core" of granulomas and their enlargement upon incorporation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Il'in
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - V A Shkurupy
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tsai YC, Wang CW, Wen BY, Hsieh PS, Lee YM, Yen MH, Cheng PY. Involvement of the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the browning effect of irisin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110915. [PMID: 32540261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Irisin has gained attention because of its potential applications in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that irisin attenuates obesity via the browning of white adipose tissue; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of irisin on adipocyte browning and the underlying mechanisms. The western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that irisin significantly induced the up-regulation of brown fat-specific proteins (PGC1α, PRDM16, and UCP-1) and HO-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, irisin significantly increased the levels of cytosolic p62 and nuclear Nrf2. These effects of irisin in the adipocytes were attenuated by treatment with SnPP or p62 siRNA. In addition, the browning effect of irisin was observed in BAT-WT-1 cells. These findings suggest that irisin induced browning effect via the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway and that it may be a potential candidate for preventing or treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yao Wen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsiung Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cinkornpumin JK, Kwon SY, Guo Y, Hossain I, Sirois J, Russett CS, Tseng HW, Okae H, Arima T, Duchaine TF, Liu W, Pastor WA. Naive Human Embryonic Stem Cells Can Give Rise to Cells with a Trophoblast-like Transcriptome and Methylome. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:198-213. [PMID: 32619492 PMCID: PMC7363941 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) readily differentiate to somatic or germ lineages but have impaired ability to form extra-embryonic lineages such as placenta or yolk sac. Here, we demonstrate that naive hESCs can be converted into cells that exhibit the cellular and molecular phenotypes of human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) derived from human placenta or blastocyst. The resulting "transdifferentiated" hTSCs show reactivation of core placental genes, acquisition of a placenta-like methylome, and the ability to differentiate to extravillous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Modest differences are observed between transdifferentiated and placental hTSCs, most notably in the expression of certain imprinted loci. These results suggest that naive hESCs can differentiate to extra-embryonic lineage and demonstrate a new way of modeling human trophoblast specification and placental methylome establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sin Young Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yixin Guo
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining 314400, China
| | - Ishtiaque Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Sirois
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Colleen S Russett
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hsin-Wei Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Centre, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Centre, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Thomas F Duchaine
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining 314400, China
| | - William A Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; The Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Zhang P, Ma XY, Huang DT, Yang XY. The capacity of goat epidermal adult stem cells to reconstruct the damaged ocular surface of total LSCD and activate corneal genetic programs. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:277-286. [PMID: 32388840 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal adult stem cells (EpiASCs) have the potential for unlimited proliferation and differentiation, however, the ability of these stem cells to activate corneal genetic programs in response to corneal stroma stimulation needs to be further validated. Herein, a feasible strategy was developed to reconstruct the damaged corneal surface in a goat model with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by transplanting EpiASCs, which had been explanted and cultured from the skin of an adult ram goat and were then purified by selecting single cell-derived clones and cultivating them on a denuded human amniotic membrane (HAM). These artificial tissues were then successfully transplanted into ewe goats with total LSCD. Binding of EpiASCs to the base membrane of an EpiASCs-HAM-Sheet (EHS) indicated their proliferating status. After transplantation, the EpiASCs could survive in the host tissue and they reconstructed the damaged ocular surface of total LSCD. The crystal reconstructed corneal epithelium expressed CK3 and Pax-6 similar to normal corneal epithelium and expressed the Sry gene after transplantation. These results demonstrated that EpiASCs could be induced to differentiate into corneal epithelial cell types in a corneal microenvironment and had the ability to activate corneal genetic programs. This work offer a foundation for promoting tissue-engineered cornea into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, Henan, China
| | - Xi-Ya Ma
- Department of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, Henan, China
| | - Dian-Tong Huang
- Department of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Yi Yang
- Department of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, Henan, China.
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Faugeroux V, Pailler E, Oulhen M, Deas O, Brulle-Soumare L, Hervieu C, Marty V, Alexandrova K, Andree KC, Stoecklein NH, Tramalloni D, Cairo S, NgoCamus M, Nicotra C, Terstappen LWMM, Manaresi N, Lapierre V, Fizazi K, Scoazec JY, Loriot Y, Judde JG, Farace F. Genetic characterization of a unique neuroendocrine transdifferentiation prostate circulating tumor cell-derived eXplant model. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1884. [PMID: 32313004 PMCID: PMC7171138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) into an aggressive neuroendocrine disease (CRPC-NE) represents a major clinical challenge and experimental models are lacking. A CTC-derived eXplant (CDX) and a CDX-derived cell line are established using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) obtained by diagnostic leukapheresis from a CRPC patient resistant to enzalutamide. The CDX and the derived-cell line conserve 16% of primary tumor (PT) and 56% of CTC mutations, as well as 83% of PT copy-number aberrations including clonal TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and NKX3.1 loss. Both harbor an androgen receptor-null neuroendocrine phenotype, TP53, PTEN and RB1 loss. While PTEN and RB1 loss are acquired in CTCs, evolutionary analysis suggest that a PT subclone harboring TP53 loss is the driver of the metastatic event leading to the CDX. This CDX model provides insights on the sequential acquisition of key drivers of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and offers a unique tool for effective drug screening in CRPC-NE management.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzamides
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transdifferentiation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Nitriles
- Phenylthiohydantoin/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Prostate/metabolism
- Prostate/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Faugeroux
- INSERM, U981 "Identification of Molecular Predictors and new Targets for Cancer Treatment", 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, "Circulating Tumor Cells" Translational Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Emma Pailler
- INSERM, U981 "Identification of Molecular Predictors and new Targets for Cancer Treatment", 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, "Circulating Tumor Cells" Translational Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Marianne Oulhen
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, "Circulating Tumor Cells" Translational Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Céline Hervieu
- INSERM, U981 "Identification of Molecular Predictors and new Targets for Cancer Treatment", 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, "Circulating Tumor Cells" Translational Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Experimental and Translational Pathology Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Kamelia Alexandrova
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cell Therapy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Kiki C Andree
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominique Tramalloni
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cell Therapy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Maud NgoCamus
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cancer Medicine, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudio Nicotra
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cancer Medicine, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Valérie Lapierre
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cell Therapy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Karim Fizazi
- INSERM, U981 "Identification of Molecular Predictors and new Targets for Cancer Treatment", 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cancer Medicine, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Experimental and Translational Pathology Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Cancer Medicine, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | | | - Françoise Farace
- INSERM, U981 "Identification of Molecular Predictors and new Targets for Cancer Treatment", 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, "Circulating Tumor Cells" Translational Platform, CNRS UMS3655-INSERM US23 AMMICA, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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Dong W, Li R, Yang H, Lu Y, Zhou L, Sun L, Wang D, Duan J. Mesenchymal-endothelial transition-derived cells as a potential new regulatory target for cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6652. [PMID: 32313043 PMCID: PMC7170918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Mesenchymal-endothelial transition (MEndoT) in cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. To determine the difference between MEndoT-derived and coronary endothelial cells is essential for understanding the revascularizing strategy in cardiac repair. Using lineage tracing we demonstrated that MEndoT-derived cells exhibit highly heterogeneous which were characterized with highly expression of endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial cadherin(VECAD) and occludin but low expression of Tek receptor tyrosine kinase(Tek), isolectin B4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), von Willebrand factor(vWF), and CD31 after cardiac hypertrophy. RNA-sequencing showed altered expression of fibroblast lineage commitment genes in fibroblasts undergoing MEndoT. Compared with fibroblasts, the expression of p53 and most endothelial lineage commitment genes were upregulated in MEndoT-derived cells; however, the further analysis indicated that MEndoT-derived cells may represent an endothelial-like cell sub-population. Loss and gain function study demonstrated that MEndoT-derived cells are substantial sources of neovascularization, which can be manipulated to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and preserve cardiac function by improving the expression of endothelial markers in MEndoT-derived cells. Moreover, fibroblasts undergoing MEndoT showed significantly upregulated anti-hypertrophic factors and downregulated pro-hypertrophic factors. Therefore MEndoT-derived cells are an endothelial-like cell population that can be regulated to treat cardiac hypertrophy by improving neovascularization and altering the paracrine effect of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Dong
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haili Yang
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, WA, USA
| | - Longhai Zhou
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dianliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Jinzhu Duan
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Mariani BG, Graceli JB, De Sibio MT, Castro Olimpio RM, Fontes Moretto FC, Deprá IC, Nogueira CR. The roles of triiodothyronine and irisin in improving the lipid profile and directing the browning of human adipose subcutaneous cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110744. [PMID: 32027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) and irisin (I) can modulate metabolic status, increase heat production, and promote differentiation of white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Herein, human subcutaneous white adipocytes were treated with 10 nM T3 or 20 nM I for 24 h to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride, and glycerol levels, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). T3 and irisin improved UCP1 production, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. T3 elevated adiponectin and leptin levels with a concomitant decrease in PPARy and FNDC5 levels. However, irisin did not alter adipokine, PPARy, and FNDC5 levels. The results indicate that T3 may be used to increase leptin and adiponectin levels to improve insulin sensitivity, and irisin may be used to prevent obesity or maintain weight due to its impact on the lipid profile without altering adipokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Mariani
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Adams JM, Huppert KA, Castro EC, Lopez MF, Niknejad N, Subramanian S, Zarrin-Khameh N, Finegold MJ, Huppert SS, Jafar-Nejad H. Sox9 Is a Modifier of the Liver Disease Severity in a Mouse Model of Alagille Syndrome. Hepatology 2020; 71:1331-1349. [PMID: 31469182 PMCID: PMC7048647 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by bile duct (BD) paucity, caused primarily by haploinsufficiency of the Notch ligand jagged1. The course of the liver disease is highly variable in ALGS. However, the genetic basis for ALGS phenotypic variability is unknown. Previous studies have reported decreased expression of the transcription factor SOX9 (sex determining region Y-box 9) in late embryonic and neonatal livers of Jag1-deficient mice. Here, we investigated the effects of altering the Sox9 gene dosage on the severity of liver disease in an ALGS mouse model. APPROACH AND RESULTS Conditional removal of one copy of Sox9 in Jag1+/- livers impairs the biliary commitment of cholangiocytes and enhances the inflammatory reaction and liver fibrosis. Loss of both copies of Sox9 in Jag1+/- livers further worsens the phenotypes and results in partial lethality. Ink injection experiments reveal impaired biliary tree formation in the periphery of P30 Jag1+/- livers, which is improved by 5 months of age. Sox9 heterozygosity worsens the P30 biliary tree phenotype and impairs the partial recovery in 5-month-old animals. Notably, Sox9 overexpression improves BD paucity and liver phenotypes in Jag1+/- mice without ectopic hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation or long-term liver abnormalities. Notch2 expression in the liver is increased following Sox9 overexpression, and SOX9 binds the Notch2 regulatory region in the liver. Histological analysis shows a correlation between the level and pattern of SOX9 expression in the liver and outcome of the liver disease in patients with ALGS. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish Sox9 as a dosage-sensitive modifier of Jag1+/- liver phenotypes with a permissive role in biliary development. Our data further suggest that liver-specific increase in SOX9 levels is a potential therapeutic approach for BD paucity in ALGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Adams
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kari A. Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Eumenia C. Castro
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mario F. Lopez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nima Niknejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sanjay Subramanian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Neda Zarrin-Khameh
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Milton J. Finegold
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stacey S. Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Aldiss P, Lewis JE, Lupini I, Bloor I, Chavoshinejad R, Boocock DJ, Miles AK, Ebling FJP, Budge H, Symonds ME. Exercise Training in Obese Rats Does Not Induce Browning at Thermoneutrality and Induces a Muscle-Like Signature in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32265830 PMCID: PMC7099615 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Exercise training elicits diverse effects on brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) physiology in rodents housed below their thermoneutral zone (i.e., 28-32°C). In these conditions, BAT is chronically hyperactive and, unlike human residence, closer to thermoneutrality. Therefore, we set out to determine the effects of exercise training in obese animals at 28°C (i.e., thermoneutrality) on BAT and WAT in its basal (i.e., inactive) state. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) were housed at thermoneutrality from 3 weeks of age and fed a high-fat diet. At 12 weeks of age half these animals were randomized to 4-weeks of swim-training (1 h/day, 5 days per week). Following a metabolic assessment interscapular and perivascular BAT and inguinal (I)WAT were taken for analysis of thermogenic genes and the proteome. Results: Exercise attenuated weight gain but did not affect total fat mass or thermogenic gene expression. Proteomics revealed an impact of exercise training on 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, carbon metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. This was accompanied by an upregulation of multiple proteins involved in skeletal muscle physiology in BAT and an upregulation of muscle specific markers (i.e., Myod1, CkM, Mb, and MyoG). UCP1 mRNA was undetectable in IWAT with proteomics highlighting changes to DNA binding, the positive regulation of apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusion: Exercise training reduced weight gain in obese animals at thermoneutrality and is accompanied by an oxidative signature in BAT which is accompanied by a muscle-like signature rather than induction of thermogenic genes. This may represent a new, UCP1-independent pathway through which BAT physiology is regulated by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aldiss
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jo E. Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Lupini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ian Bloor
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ramyar Chavoshinejad
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda K. Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francis J. P. Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Budge
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Dhoke NR, Kaushik K, Das A. Cxcr6-Based Mesenchymal Stem Cell Gene Therapy Potentiates Skin Regeneration in Murine Diabetic Wounds. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1314-1326. [PMID: 32112713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for wound healing are often compromised due to low recruitment and engraftment of transplanted cells, as well as delayed differentiation into cell lineages for skin regeneration. An increased expression of chemokine ligand CXCL16 in wound bed and its cognate receptor, CXCR6, on murine bone-marrow-derived MSCs suggested a putative therapeutic relevance of exogenous MSC transplantation therapy. Induction of the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis led to activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2)-mediated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 promoter regulation and expression, the migratory signaling pathways in MSC. CXCL16 induction also increased the transdifferentiation of MSCs into endothelial-like cells and keratinocytes. Intravenous transplantation of allogenic stable MSCs with Cxcr6 gene therapy potentiated skin tissue regeneration by increasing recruitment and engraftment as well as neovascularization and re-epithelialization at the wound site in excisional splinting wounds of type I and II diabetic mice. This study suggests that activation of the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in bioengineered MSCs with Cxcr6 overexpression provides a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R Dhoke
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad 500 007, TS, India
| | - Komal Kaushik
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad 500 007, TS, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad 500 007, TS, India.
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43
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Abstract
Bone tissue degeneration is an urgent clinical issue, making it a subject of intensive research. Chronic skeletal disease forms can be prevalent, such as the age-related osteoporosis, or rare, in the form of monogenetic bone disorders. A barrier in the understanding of the underlying pathological process is the lack of accessibility to relevant material. For this reason, cells of non-bone tissue are emerging as a suitable alternative for models of bone biology. Fibroblasts are highly suitable for this application; they populate accessible anatomical locations, such as the skin tissue. Reports suggesting their utility in preclinical models for the study of skeletal diseases are increasingly becoming available. The majority of these are based on the generation of an intermediate stem cell type, the induced pluripotent stem cells, which are subsequently directed to the osteogenic cell lineage. This intermediate stage is circumvented in transdifferentiation, the process regulating the direct conversion of fibroblasts to osteogenic cells, which is currently not well-explored. With this mini review, we aimed to give an overview of existing osteogenic transdifferentiation models and to inform about their applications in bone biology models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauria Claeys
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Dimitra Micha
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44
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Liu C, Wang J, Wei Y, Zhang W, Geng M, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Sun Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Xiong M, Li Y, Zheng L, Huang K. Fat-Specific Knockout of Mecp2 Upregulates Slpi to Reduce Obesity by Enhancing Browning. Diabetes 2020; 69:35-47. [PMID: 31597640 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2) cause neurological disorders with metabolic dysfunction; however, its role in adipose tissues remains unclear. Here, we report upregulated Mecp2 in white adipose tissues (WAT) of obese humans, as well as in obese mice and during in vitro adipogenesis. Normal chow-fed adipocyte-specific Mecp2 knockout mice (Mecp2 Adi KO mice) showed a lean phenotype, with downregulated lipogenic genes and upregulated thermogenic genes that were identified using RNA sequencing. Consistently, the deficiency of Mecp2 in adipocytes protected mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and inhibited in vitro adipogenesis. Furthermore, Mecp2 Adi KO mice showed increased browning under different stimuli, including cold treatment. Mechanistically, Mecp2 bound to the promoter of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (Slpi) and negatively regulated its expression. Knockdown of Slpi in inguinal WAT of Mecp2 Adi KO mice prevented cold-induced browning. Moreover, recombinant SLPI treatment reduced the HFD-induced obesity via enhancing browning. Together, our results suggest a novel non-central nervous system function of Mecp2 in obesity by suppressing browning, at least partially, through regulating adipokine Slpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujuan Wei
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangmian Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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da Fonseca ACP, da Fonseca GP, Marchesini B, Voigt DD, Campos Junior M, Zembrzuski VM, Carneiro JRI, Nogueira Neto JF, Cabello PH, Cabello GMK. Genetic Variants in the Activation of the Brown-Like Adipocyte Pathway and the Risk for Severe Obesity. Obes Facts 2020; 13:130-143. [PMID: 32325455 PMCID: PMC7250364 DOI: 10.1159/000505666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has an important role in energy expenditure and combats the development of obesity. During exercise, PPARGC1A is overexpressed, stimulating an increase of the expression of FNDC5. This protein is cleaved to release the hormone irisin, which activates a browning process in white adipose tissue through an increase in UCP1 expression. As a result, irisin leads to mitochondrial heat production and energy expenditure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variants in genes related to browning are associated with severe obesity and obesity-related features. This case-control study comprised 210 individuals with severe obesity (median body mass index [BMI] 45.6 [range 40.5-52.2]) and 191 normal-weight subjects (BMI 22.8 [21.1-23.9]). METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the genotypes of the PPARGC1A(rs8192678, rs3736265, rs2970847, and rs3755863) and UCP1 (rs6536991 and rs12502572) genes were obtained using Taqman® assay. For the FNDC5 gene, screening of exons 3-5 as well as their intron-exon boundaries was performed using automatic sequencing. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that PPARGC1Ars2970847 and UCP1rs12502572 are associated with severe obesity. Furthermore, these polymorphisms influence anthropometric traits, such as BMI, body weight, and body adiposity index. Our findings also showed a dose-effect relationship between PPARGC1A rs8192678 and fasting plasma glucose. Finally, 5 rare mutations were identified in FNDC5, and 1 of these is a novel missense mutation. CONCLUSION This study shows that genetic variants in the activation of brown-like adipocyte pathway play an important role in the susceptibility to severe obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/physiology
- Adipocytes, Brown/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Body Mass Index
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Transdifferentiation/genetics
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Female
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Mutation, Missense
- Obesity, Morbid/genetics
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Marchesini
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Campos Junior
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - João Regis Ivar Carneiro
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Hernan Cabello
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Barbagiovanni G, Germain PL, Zech M, Atashpaz S, Lo Riso P, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Tenderini E, Caiazzo M, Boesch S, Jech R, Haslinger B, Broccoli V, Stewart AF, Winkelmann J, Testa G. KMT2B Is Selectively Required for Neuronal Transdifferentiation, and Its Loss Exposes Dystonia Candidate Genes. Cell Rep 2019; 25:988-1001. [PMID: 30355503 PMCID: PMC6218204 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into induced neuronal cells (iNs) by the neuron-specific transcription factors Brn2, Myt1l, and Ascl1 is a paradigmatic example of inter-lineage conversion across epigenetically distant cells. Despite tremendous progress regarding the transcriptional hierarchy underlying transdifferentiation, the enablers of the concomitant epigenome resetting remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of KMT2A and KMT2B, two histone H3 lysine 4 methylases with cardinal roles in development, through individual and combined inactivation. We found that Kmt2b, whose human homolog's mutations cause dystonia, is selectively required for iN conversion through suppression of the alternative myocyte program and induction of neuronal maturation genes. The identification of KMT2B-vulnerable targets allowed us, in turn, to expose, in a cohort of 225 patients, 45 unique variants in 39 KMT2B targets, which represent promising candidates to dissect the molecular bases of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barbagiovanni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Zech
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Atashpaz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Riso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Erika Tenderini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, 12821 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vania Broccoli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Francis Stewart
- Genomics, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik und Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, 81829 Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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47
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Mandon H, Su C, Pang J, Paul S, Haar S, Pauleve L. Algorithms for the Sequential Reprogramming of Boolean Networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2019; 16:1610-1619. [PMID: 31056515 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2914383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming, a technique that opens huge opportunities in modern and regenerative medicine, heavily relies on identifying key genes to perturb. Most of the existing computational methods for controlling which attractor (steady state) the cell will reach focus on finding mutations to apply to the initial state. However, it has been shown, and is proved in this article, that waiting between perturbations so that the update dynamics of the system prepares the ground, allows for new reprogramming strategies. To identify such sequential perturbations, we consider a qualitative model of regulatory networks, and rely on Binary Decision Diagrams to model their dynamics and the putative perturbations. Our method establishes a set identification of sequential perturbations, whether permanent (mutations) or only temporary, to achieve the existential or inevitable reachability of an arbitrary state of the system. We apply an implementation for temporary perturbations on models from the literature, illustrating that we are able to derive sequential perturbations to achieve trans-differentiation.
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48
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Lui JC, Yue S, Lee A, Kikani B, Temnycky A, Barnes KM, Baron J. Persistent Sox9 expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes suppresses transdifferentiation into osteoblasts. Bone 2019; 125:169-177. [PMID: 31121357 PMCID: PMC7558415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal bone growth is driven by endochondral ossification, a process in which cartilage tissue is generated by growth plate chondrocytes and then remodeled into bone by osteoblasts. In the postnatal growth plate, as hypertrophic chondrocytes approach the chondro-osseous junction, they may undergo apoptosis, or directly transdifferentiate into osteoblasts. The molecular mechanisms governing this switch in cell lineage are poorly understood. Here we show that the physiological downregulation of Sox9 in hypertrophic chondrocyte is associated with upregulation of osteoblast-associated genes (such as Mmp13, Cola1, Ibsp) in hypertrophic chondrocytes, before they enter the metaphyseal bone. In transgenic mice that continued to express Sox9 in all cells derived from the chondrocytic lineage, upregulation of these osteoblast-associated genes in the hypertrophic zone failed to occur. Furthermore, lineage tracing experiments showed that, in transgenic mice expressing Sox9, the number of chondrocytes transdifferentiating into osteoblasts was markedly reduced. Collectively, our findings suggest that Sox9 downregulation in hypertrophic chondrocytes promotes expression of osteoblast-associated genes in hypertrophic chondrocytes and promotes the subsequent transdifferentiation of these cells into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - Shanna Yue
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Audrey Lee
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Bijal Kikani
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Adrian Temnycky
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Kevin M Barnes
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
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Sutaria DS, Jiang J, Azevedo-Pouly AC, Wright L, Bray JA, Fredenburg K, Liu X, Lu J, Torres C, Mancinelli G, Grippo PJ, Coppola V, Schmittgen TD. Knockout of Acinar Enriched microRNAs in Mice Promote Duct Formation But Not Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11147. [PMID: 31367007 PMCID: PMC6668398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic acinar-enriched miR-216a, miR-216b and miR-217 are encoded within the miR217HG. These miRNAs have been purported to play a tumor suppressive role as their expression is reduced in both human and mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To examine this possibility, we generated individual, germline knockout (KO) mice of miR-216a, miR-216b or miR-217. Unlike our previous study showing germline deletion of the miR217HG was embryonic lethal, CRISPR-Cas9 deleted portions of the 5' seed region of the miRNAs produced live births. To investigate possible phenotypes during pancreatic acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM), pancreatic acini from wild type and KO mice were plated on collagen and allowed to transdifferentiate over 4 days. Acini from each of the three miRNA KO mice produced greater numbers of ducts compared to controls. Evaluation of the gene expression during in vitro ADM demonstrated an increase in Krt19 and a reduction in acinar genes (Carboxypeptidase A1, Amylase2a) on day 4 of the transdifferentiation. Recovery was delayed for the miR-216a and miR-216b KOs following caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Also predominate in the caerulein treated miR-216a and miR-216b KO mice was the presence of pancreatic duct glands (PDGs). To further establish a phenotype, miRNA KO mice were crossed with EL-KRASG12D (EK) mice and followed up to 13 months of age. While all mice developed severe dysplasia and cystic papillary neoplasms, there existed no apparent phenotypic difference in the miRNA KO/EK mice compared to EK mice. Our data does not support a tumor suppressor role for miR-216a, miR-216b or miR-217 in PDAC and emphasizes the need for phenotypic evaluation of miRNAs in complex in vivo models beyond that performed using cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvitkumar S Sutaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinmai Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Clara Azevedo-Pouly
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Lais Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Bray
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University, Beijing, China
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas D Schmittgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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50
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Castellano G, Stasi A, Franzin R, Sallustio F, Divella C, Spinelli A, Netti GS, Fiaccadori E, Cantaluppi V, Crovace A, Staffieri F, Lacitignola L, Grandaliano G, Simone S, Pertosa GB, Gesualdo L. LPS-Binding Protein Modulates Acute Renal Fibrosis by Inducing Pericyte-to-Myofibroblast Trans-Differentiation through TLR-4 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153682. [PMID: 31357597 PMCID: PMC6696277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During sepsis, the increased synthesis of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) activates LPS/TLR4 signaling in renal resident cells, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Pericytes are the major source of myofibroblasts during chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their involvement in AKI is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pericyte-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation (PMT) in sepsis-induced AKI. In a swine model of sepsis-induced AKI, PMT was detected within 9 h from LPS injection, as evaluated by the reduction of physiologic PDGFRβ expression and the dysfunctional α-SMA increase in peritubular pericytes. The therapeutic intervention by citrate-based coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) significantly reduced LBP, TGF-β, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) serum levels, and furthermore preserved PDGFRβ and decreased α-SMA expression in renal biopsies. In vitro, both LPS and septic sera led to PMT with a significant increase in Collagen I synthesis and α-SMA reorganization in contractile fibers by both SMAD2/3-dependent and -independent TGF-β signaling. Interestingly, the removal of LBP from septic plasma inhibited PMT. Finally, LPS-stimulated pericytes secreted LBP and TGF-β and underwent PMT also upon TGF-β receptor-blocking, indicating the crucial pro-fibrotic role of TLR4 signaling. Our data demonstrate that the selective removal of LBP may represent a therapeutic option to prevent PMT and the development of acute renal fibrosis in sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Divella
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Spinelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Simone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Pertosa
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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