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Ishikane S, Arioka M, Takahashi-Yanaga F. Promising small molecule anti-fibrotic agents: Newly developed or repositioned drugs targeting myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115663. [PMID: 37336252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in all organs and tissues except the brain, and its progression leads to dysfunction of affected organs. Fibrosis-induced organ dysfunction results from the loss of elasticity, strength, and functionality of tissues due to the extracellular matrix secreted by myofibroblasts that express smooth muscle-type actin as a marker. Myofibroblasts, which play a major role in fibrosis, were once thought to originate exclusively from activated fibroblasts; however, it is now clear that myofibroblasts are diverse in origin, from epithelial cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, macrophages, and other cells. Fibrosis of vital organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver, is a serious chronic disease that ultimately leads to death. Currently, anti-cancer drugs have made remarkable progress, as evidenced by the development of many molecular-targeted drugs, and are making a significant contribution to improving the prognosis of cancer treatment. However, the development of anti-fibrotic agents, which also play an important role in prognosis, has lagged. In this review, the current knowledge regarding myofibroblasts is summarized, with particular attention given to their origin and transdifferentiation signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, YAP/TAZ and AMPK signaling pathways). The development of new small molecule anti-fibrotic agents and the repositioning of existing drugs targeting myofibroblast transdifferentiation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ishikane
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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2
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Jiang S, Gu L, Hu Y, Ren Y, Yang Z, Chai C, Yu B, Ge H, Cao Z, Zhao F. Inhibition of TRPC6 suppressed TGFβ-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in renal interstitial NRK-49F cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113374. [PMID: 36206825 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a global health concern with limited curative treatment. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel, has been shown to regulate the renal fibrosis in murine models. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation is one of the critical steps in the progression of renal fibrosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 exposure significantly increases the TRPC6 expression in renal interstitial fibroblast NRK-49F cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPC6 and knockdown of Trpc6 by siRNA alleviate TGF-β1-increased expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, two key markers of myofibroblasts. Although direct activation of TRPC6 by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) does not affect the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, OAG potentiates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Further study demonstrates that TGF-β1 exposure increases the phosphorylation level of p38 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation into the nuclei. Inhibition of p38 and YAP decreases TGF-β1-enhanced TRPC6 and α-SMA expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TRPC6 is a key regulator of TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and provides the mechanism of how TGF-β1 exposure regulates TRPC6 expression in NRK-49F fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Lifei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Younan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225500, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Guo B, Liu J, Wang B, Zhang C, Su Z, Zhao M, Qin L, Zhang W, Zheng R. Withaferin A Promotes White Adipose Browning and Prevents Obesity Through Sympathetic Nerve-Activated Prdm16-FATP1 Axis. Diabetes 2022; 71:249-263. [PMID: 34732538 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has resulted in demands for the development of new effective strategies for obesity treatment. Withaferin A (WA) shows a great potential for prevention of obesity by sensitizing leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. However, the mechanism underlying the weight- and adiposity-reducing effects of WA remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report that WA treatment induced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, elevated energy expenditure, decreased respiratory exchange ratio, and prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity. The sympathetic chemical denervation dampened the WAT browning and also impeded the reduction of adiposity in WA-treated mice. WA markedly upregulated the levels of Prdm16 and FATP1 (Slc27a1) in the inguinal WAT (iWAT), and this was blocked by sympathetic denervation. Prdm16 or FATP1 knockdown in iWAT abrogated the WAT browning-inducing effects of WA and restored the weight gain and adiposity in WA-treated mice. Together, these findings suggest that WA induces WAT browning through the sympathetic nerve-adipose axis, and the adipocytic Prdm16-FATP1 pathway mediates the promotive effects of WA on white adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Su
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Sarnobat D, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Effects of first-line diabetes therapy with biguanides, sulphonylurea and thiazolidinediones on the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of islet cell populations. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:95-103. [PMID: 34191257 PMCID: PMC8741670 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metformin, rosiglitazone and sulfonylureas enhance either insulin action or secretion and thus have been used extensively as early stage anti-diabetic medication, independently of the aetiology of the disease. When administered to newly diagnosed diabetes patients, these drugs produce variable results. Here, we examined the effects of the three early stage oral hypoglycaemic agents in mice with diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin, focusing specifically on the developmental biology of pancreatic islets. METHODS Streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice expressing a fluorescent reporter specifically in pancreatic islet α-cells were administered the biguanide metformin (100 mg/kg), thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg), or sulfonylurea tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) for 10 days. We assessed the impact of the treatment on metabolic status of the animals as well as on the morphology, proliferative potential and transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells, using immunofluorescence. RESULTS The effect of the therapy on the islet cells varied depending on the drug and included enhanced pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, in case of metformin and rosiglitazone; de-differentiation of α-cells and β-cell apoptosis with tolbutamide; increased relative number of β-cells and bi-hormonal insulin + glucagon + cells with metformin. These effects were accompanied by normalisation of food and fluid intake with only minor effects on glycaemia at the low doses of the agents employed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that metformin and rosiglitazone attenuate the depletion of the β-cell pool in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes, whereas tolbutamide exacerbates the β-cell apoptosis, but is likely to protect β-cells from chronic hyperglycaemia by directly elevating insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarnobat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R C Moffett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Mohan S, Lafferty R, Tanday N, Flatt PR, Moffett RC, Irwin N. Beneficial impact of Ac3IV, an AVP analogue acting specifically at V1a and V1b receptors, on diabetes islet morphology and transdifferentiation of alpha- and beta-cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261608. [PMID: 34929019 PMCID: PMC8687525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ac3IV (Ac-CYIQNCPRG-NH2) is an enzymatically stable vasopressin analogue that selectively activates Avpr1a (V1a) and Avpr1b (V1b) receptors. In the current study we have employed streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic transgenic Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP and GluCreERT2;Rosa26-eYFP mice, to evaluate the impact of sustained Ac3IV treatment on pancreatic islet cell morphology and transdifferentiation. Twice-daily administration of Ac3IV (25 nmol/kg bw) to STZ-diabetic Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP mice for 12 days increased pancreatic insulin (p<0.01) and significantly reversed the detrimental effects of STZ on pancreatic islet morphology. Such benefits were coupled with increased (p<0.01) beta-cell proliferation and decreased (p<0.05) beta-cell apoptosis. In terms of islet cell lineage tracing, induction of diabetes increased (p<0.001) beta- to alpha-cell differentiation in Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP mice, with Ac3IV partially reversing (p<0.05) such transition events. Comparable benefits of Ac3IV on pancreatic islet architecture were observed in STZ-diabetic GluCreERT2;ROSA26-eYFP transgenic mice. In this model, Ac3IV provoked improvements in islet morphology which were linked to increased (p<0.05-p<0.01) transition of alpha- to beta-cells. Ac3IV also increased (p<0.05-p<0.01) CK-19 co-expression with insulin in pancreatic ductal and islet cells. Blood glucose levels were unchanged by Ac3IV in both models, reflecting the severity of diabetes induced. Taken together these data indicate that activation of islet receptors for V1a and V1b positively modulates alpha- and beta-cell turnover and endocrine cell lineage transition events to preserve beta-cell identity and islet architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mohan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Lafferty
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Tanday
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - R. Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Kusama K, Fukushima Y, Yoshida K, Azumi M, Yoshie M, Mizuno Y, Kajihara T, Tamura K. PGE2 and Thrombin Induce Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation via Activin A and CTGF in Endometrial Stromal Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6380884. [PMID: 34606582 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by inflammation and fibrotic changes. Our previous study using a mouse model showed that proinflammatory factors present in peritoneal hemorrhage exacerbated inflammation in endometriosis-like grafts, at least in part through the activation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor and protease-activated receptor (PAR). In addition, menstruation-related factors, PGE2 and thrombin (P/T), a PAR1 agonist induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endometrial cells under hypoxia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which P/T induce development of endometriosis have not been fully characterized. To investigate the effects of P/T, RNA extracted from endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) treated with P/T were subjected to RNA sequence analysis, and identified activin A, FOS, and GATA2 as upregulated genes. Activin A increased the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and mesenchymal marker genes in ESCs. CTGF induced the expression of fibrosis marker type I collagen, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), indicating fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) of ESCs. In addition, activin A, FOS, GATA2, CTGF, and αSMA were localized in endometriosis lesions. Taken together, our data show that P/T induces changes resembling EMT and FMT in ectopic ESCs derived from retrograde menstruation, and that these are associated with fibrotic changes in the lesions. Pharmacological means that block P/T-induced activin A and CTGF signaling may be strategies to inhibit fibrosis in endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuta Fukushima
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kanoko Yoshida
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mana Azumi
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yumi Mizuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kajihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Wu TH, Wang PW, Lin TY, Yang PM, Li WT, Yeh CT, Pan TL. Antioxidant properties of red raspberry extract alleviate hepatic fibrosis via inducing apoptosis and transdifferentiation of activated hepatic stellate cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112284. [PMID: 34626932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing process caused by prolonged liver damage and often occurs due to hepatic stellate cell activation in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Red raspberry has been found to attenuate oxidative stress, mainly because it is rich in bioactive components. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory effects and associated molecular mechanisms of red raspberry extract (RBE) upon activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) in cellular and rat models. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased in the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-applied samples, whereas treatment of RBE significantly suppressed the activities of these enzymes. In addition, a histopathological analysis demonstrated that RBE could substantially diminish the hepatic collagen content and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression induced by DMN. Administration of 250 μg/mL RBE could also arrest the growth and enhance the apoptosis of activated HSC-T6 cells, which was accompanied with elevated levels of activated caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Particularly, RBE application remarkably abolished oxidative damage within the cells and reduced the carbonylation of proteins, which was attributed to the upregulation of catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, the knockdown of Nrf2 together with the RBE treatment synergistically abrogated the expression of α-SMA and promoted the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), suggesting that RBE could mitigate the transdifferentiation of HSC in a Nrf2-independent manner. These findings implied that the application of RBE could effectively remove oxidative stress and relieve the activation of HSC via modulating the caspase/PARP, Nrf2/HO-1 and PPAR-γ pathways, which may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies against chemical-caused liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ho Wu
- Surgical Critical Care division of Critical care department, Cardiovascular division of Surgical department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Li
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zainal Abidin SAI, Paterson IC, Hunt S, Lambert DW, Higginbotham S, Pink RC. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation is associated with changes in cellular and extracellular vesicle miRNA abundance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256812. [PMID: 34762649 PMCID: PMC8584782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a pro-fibrotic tumour-derived factor promotes fibroblast differentiation in the tumour microenvironment and is thought to contribute to the development of pro-tumourigenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by promoting myofibroblast differentiation. miRNA dysregulation has been demonstrated in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and CAF activation, however, their expression varies among cell types and with the method of fibroblast induction. Here, the expression profile of miRNA in human primary oral fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1, to derive a myofibroblastic, CAF-like phenotype, was determined compared to untreated fibroblasts. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation was determined by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin-1 extra domain A (FN-EDA1) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The formation of stress fibres was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and associated changes in contractility were assessed using collagen contraction assays. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified by using size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation and their size and concentration were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. miRNA expression profiling in oral fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 and their extracellular vesicles was carried out using tiling low-density array cards. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform functional and pathway enrichment analysis of target genes. In this study, TGF-β1 induced a myofibroblastic phenotype in normal oral fibroblasts as assessed by expression of molecular markers, the formation of stress fibres and increased contractility. TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA) analysis demonstrated that miR-503 and miR-708 were significantly upregulated, while miR-1276 was significantly downregulated in TGF-β1-treated oral fibroblasts (henceforth termed experimentally-derived CAF, eCAF). The gene functional enrichment analysis showed that the candidate miRNAs have the potential to modulate various pathways; including the Ras associated protein 1 (Rap1), PI3K-Akt, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathways. In addition, altered levels of several miRNAs were detected in eCAF EV, including miR-142 and miR-222. No differences in size or abundance of EV were detected between eCAF and normal oral fibroblast (NOF). Little overlap was observed between changes in cellular and EV miRNA profiles, suggesting the possibility of selective loading of EV miRNA. The study reveals miRNA expression signature could be involved in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the miRNA cargo of their EV, providing novel insight into the involvement of miRNA in CAF development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Amalina Inche Zainal Abidin
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian Charles Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stuart Hunt
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Higginbotham
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kuonen F, Li NY, Haensel D, Patel T, Gaddam S, Yerly L, Rieger K, Aasi S, Oro AE. c-FOS drives reversible basal to squamous cell carcinoma transition. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109774. [PMID: 34610301 PMCID: PMC8515919 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While squamous transdifferentiation within subpopulations of adenocarcinomas represents an important drug resistance problem, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, using surface markers of resistant basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and patient single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data, we uncover the dynamic roadmap of basal to squamous cell carcinoma transition (BST). Experimentally induced BST identifies activator protein 1 (AP-1) family members in regulating tumor plasticity, and we show that c-FOS plays a central role in BST by regulating the accessibility of distinct AP-1 regulatory elements. Remarkably, despite prominent changes in cell morphology and BST marker expression, we show using inducible model systems that c-FOS-mediated BST demonstrates reversibility. Blocking EGFR pathway activation after c-FOS induction partially reverts BST in vitro and prevents BST features in both mouse models and human tumors. Thus, by identifying the molecular basis of BST, our work reveals a therapeutic opportunity targeting plasticity as a mechanism of tumor resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/veterinary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kuonen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy Yanzhe Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Patel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Yerly
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Aasi
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Ghnaimawi S, Rebello L, Baum J, Huang Y. DHA but not EPA induces the trans-differentiation of C2C12 cells into white-like adipocytes phenotype. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249438. [PMID: 34473703 PMCID: PMC8412409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) and myoblast play an important role in myotube regeneration when muscle tissue is injured. However, these cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes once exposed to PPARγ activator like EPA and DHA that are highly suggested during pregnancy. The objective of this study aims at determining the identity of trans-differentiated cells by exploring the effect of EPA and DHA on C2C12 undergoing differentiation into brown and white adipocytes. DHA but not EPA committed C2C12 cells reprograming into white like adipocyte phenotype. Also, DHA promoted the expression of lipolysis regulating genes but had no effect on genes regulating β-oxidation referring to its implication in lipid re-esterification. Furthermore, DHA impaired C2C12 cells differentiation into brown adipocytes through reducing the thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis of derived cells independent of UCP1. Accordingly, DHA treated groups showed an increased accumulation of lipid droplets and suppressed mitochondrial maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. EPA, on the other hand, reduced myogenesis regulating genes, but no significant differences were observed in the expression of adipogenesis key genes. Likewise, EPA suppressed the expression of WAT signature genes indicating that EPA and DHA have an independent role on white adipogensis. Unlike DHA treatment, EPA supplementation had no effect on the differential of C2C12 cells into brown adipocytes. In conclusion, DHA is a potent adipogenic and lipogenic factor that can change the metabolic profile of muscle cells by increasing myocellular fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Rebello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Tsiftsoglou AS. Erythropoietin (EPO) as a Key Regulator of Erythropoiesis, Bone Remodeling and Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Implications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082140. [PMID: 34440909 PMCID: PMC8391952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin (EPO) is an N-linked glycoprotein consisting of 166 aa that is produced in the kidney during the adult life and acts both as a peptide hormone and hematopoietic growth factor (HGF), stimulating bone marrow erythropoiesis. EPO production is activated by hypoxia and is regulated via an oxygen-sensitive feedback loop. EPO acts via its homodimeric erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) that increases cell survival and drives the terminal erythroid maturation of progenitors BFU-Es and CFU-Es to billions of mature RBCs. This pathway involves the activation of multiple erythroid transcription factors, such as GATA1, FOG1, TAL-1, EKLF and BCL11A, and leads to the overexpression of genes encoding enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis and the production of hemoglobin. The detection of a heterodimeric complex of EPO-R (consisting of one EPO-R chain and the CSF2RB β-chain, CD131) in several tissues (brain, heart, skeletal muscle) explains the EPO pleotropic action as a protection factor for several cells, including the multipotent MSCs as well as cells modulating the innate and adaptive immunity arms. EPO induces the osteogenic and endothelial transdifferentiation of the multipotent MSCs via the activation of EPO-R signaling pathways, leading to bone remodeling, induction of angiogenesis and secretion of a large number of trophic factors (secretome). These diversely unique properties of EPO, taken together with its clinical use to treat anemias associated with chronic renal failure and other blood disorders, make it a valuable biologic agent in regenerative medicine for the treatment/cure of tissue de-regeneration disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Pao SI, Lin LT, Chen YH, Chen CL, Chen JT. Repression of Smad4 by MicroRNA-1285 moderates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254873. [PMID: 34383767 PMCID: PMC8360606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether microRNA (miR)-1285 can suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Expression of miR-1285 was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The features of EMT were assessed using Western blotting, immunocytochemical staining, scratch wound healing tests, modified Boyden chamber assay, and collagen gel contraction assay. A rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was used for in vivo testing, which involved the induction of PVR by injection of transfected ARPE cells into the vitreous chamber. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the putative target of miR-1285. The expression of miR-1285 was downregulated in ARPE-19 cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Overexpression of miR-1285 led to upregulation of zonula occludens-1, downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, cell migration and cell contractility-all EMT features-in the TGF-β2-treated ARPE-19 cells. The reporter assay indicated that the 3' untranslated region of Smad4 was the direct target of miR1285. PVR progression was alleviated in the miR-1285 transfected rabbits. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-1285 attenuates TGF-β2-induced EMT in a rabbit model of PVR, and the effect of miR-1285 in PVR is dependent on Smad4. Further research is warranted to develop a feasible therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Le-Tien Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Hywood JD, Sadeghipour S, Clayton ZE, Yuan J, Stubbs C, Wong JWT, Cooke JP, Patel S. Induced endothelial cells from peripheral arterial disease patients and neonatal fibroblasts have comparable angiogenic properties. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255075. [PMID: 34375370 PMCID: PMC8354451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced endothelial cells (iECs) generated from neonatal fibroblasts via transdifferentiation have been shown to have pro-angiogenic properties and are a potential therapy for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It is unknown if iECs can be generated from fibroblasts collected from PAD patients and whether these cells are pro-angiogenic. In this study fibroblasts were collected from four PAD patients undergoing carotid endarterectomies. These cells, and neonatal fibroblasts, were transdifferentiated into iECs using modified mRNA. Endothelial phenotype and pro-angiogenic cytokine secretion were investigated. NOD-SCID mice underwent surgery to induce hindlimb ischaemia in a murine model of PAD. Mice received intramuscular injections with either control vehicle, or 1 × 106 neonatal-derived or 1 × 106 patient-derived iECs. Recovery in perfusion to the affected limb was measured using laser Doppler scanning. Perfusion recovery was enhanced in mice treated with neonatal-derived iECs and in two of the three patient-derived iEC lines investigated in vivo. Patient-derived iECs can be successfully generated from PAD patients and for specific patients display comparable pro-angiogenic properties to neonatal-derived iECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Hywood
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zoe E. Clayton
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jun Yuan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Colleen Stubbs
- RNACore, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jack W. T. Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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14
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Tang X, Uhl S, Zhang T, Xue D, Li B, Vandana JJ, Acklin JA, Bonnycastle LL, Narisu N, Erdos MR, Bram Y, Chandar V, Chong ACN, Lacko LA, Min Z, Lim JK, Borczuk AC, Xiang J, Naji A, Collins FS, Evans T, Liu C, tenOever BR, Schwartz RE, Chen S. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces beta cell transdifferentiation. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1577-1591.e7. [PMID: 34081913 PMCID: PMC8133495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical data have suggested a correlation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes. Here, we describe the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen in pancreatic beta cells in autopsy samples from individuals with COVID-19. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining from ex vivo infections confirmed that multiple types of pancreatic islet cells were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, eliciting a cellular stress response and the induction of chemokines. Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, beta cells showed a lower expression of insulin and a higher expression of alpha and acinar cell markers, including glucagon and trypsin1, respectively, suggesting cellular transdifferentiation. Trajectory analysis indicated that SARS-CoV-2 induced eIF2-pathway-mediated beta cell transdifferentiation, a phenotype that could be reversed with trans-integrated stress response inhibitor (trans-ISRIB). Altogether, this study demonstrates an example of SARS-CoV-2 infection causing cell fate change, which provides further insight into the pathomechanisms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Tang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dongxiang Xue
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, the Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua A Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- The Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- The Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Erdos
- The Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angie Chi Nok Chong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zaw Min
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- The Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Peng M, Yang M, Lu Y, Lin S, Gao H, Xie L, Huang B, Chen D, Shen A, Shen Z, Peng J, Chu J. Huoxin Pill inhibits isoproterenol-induced transdifferentiation and collagen synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts through the TGF-β/Smads pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114061. [PMID: 33892065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The abnormal proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are universally regarded as the key process for the progressive development of cardiac fibrosis following various cardiovascular diseases. Huoxin Pill (Concentrated pill, HXP) is a Chinese herbal formula for treating coronary heart disease. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of HXP in the treatment of myocardial fibrosis are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of HXP on CFs transdifferentiation and collagen synthesis under isoproterenol (ISO) conditions, as well as the potential mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, we established a rat model of cardiac fibrosis induced by ISO, and administered with low or high dose of HXP (10 mg/kg/day or 30 mg/kg/day). The level of α-SMA was detected by immunohistochemistry examination, and combined with RNA-sequencing analysis to determine the protective effect of HXP on myocardial fibrosis rats. In vitro, by culturing primary rat CFs, we examined the effects of HXP on the proliferation and transdifferentiation of CFs using CCK8, scratch wound healing and immunofluorescence assays. Western blot was used to determine protein expression. RESULTS The findings revealed that HXP protects against ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis and CFs transdifferentiation in rats. RNA-sequencing and pathway analyses demonstrated 238 or 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and multiple enriched signal pathways, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor signaling activates Smads, downregulation of TGF-β receptor signaling, signaling by TGF-β receptor complex, and collagen formation under treatment with low or high-dose of HXP. Moreover, HXP also markedly inhibited ISO-induced primary rat CFs proliferation, transdifferentiation, collagen synthesis and the upregulation of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 protein expression. CONCLUSION HXP suppresses ISO-induced CFs transdifferentiation and collagen synthesis, and it may exert these effects in part by inhibiting the activation of the TGF-β/Smads pathway. This may be a new therapeutic tool for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhong Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- The Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Daxin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhiqing Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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16
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Masola V, Bonomini M, Onisto M, Ferraro PM, Arduini A, Gambaro G. Biological Effects of XyloCore, a Glucose Sparing PD Solution, on Mesothelial Cells: Focus on Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2282. [PMID: 34209455 PMCID: PMC8308380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-based solutions remain the most used osmotic agents in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but unavoidably they contribute to the loss of peritoneal filtration capacity. Here, we evaluated at a molecular level the effects of XyloCore, a new PD solution with a low glucose content, in mesothelial and endothelial cells. Cell viability, integrity of mesothelial and endothelial cell membrane, activation of mesothelial and endothelial to mesenchymal transition programs, inflammation, and angiogenesis were evaluated by several techniques. Results showed that XyloCore preserves mesothelial and endothelial cell viability and membrane integrity. Moreover XyloCore, unlike glucose-based solutions, does not exert pro-fibrotic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic effects. Overall, the in vitro evidence suggests that XyloCore could represent a potential biocompatible solution promising better outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, SS.Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- U.O.S. Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, U.O.C. Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00178 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Arduino Arduini
- R&D Department, Iperboreal Pharma Srl, 65122 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
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17
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Turan E, Valtink M, Reinach PS, Skupin A, Luo H, Brockmann T, Ba Salem MHO, Pleyer U, Mergler S. L-carnitine suppresses transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 activity and myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human corneal keratocytes. J Transl Med 2021; 101:680-689. [PMID: 33637945 PMCID: PMC8137454 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal stromal wound healing is a well-balanced process promoted by overlapping phases including keratocyte proliferation, inflammatory-related events, and tissue remodeling. L-carnitine as a natural antioxidant has shown potential to reduce stromal fibrosis, yet the underlying pathway is still unknown. Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a potential drug target for improving the outcome of inflammatory/fibrogenic wound healing, we investigated if L-carnitine can mediate inhibition of the fibrotic response through suppression of TRPV1 activation in human corneal keratocytes (HCK). We determined TRPV1-induced intracellular calcium transients using fluorescence calcium imaging, channel currents by planar patch-clamping, and cell migration by scratch assay for wound healing. The potential L-carnitine effect on TRPV1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation was evaluated by immunocytochemical detection of alpha smooth muscle actin. RT-PCR analysis confirmed TRPV1 mRNA expression in HCK. L-carnitine (1 mmol/l) inhibited either capsaicin (CAP) (10 µmol/l), hypertonic stress (450 mOsmol/l), or thermal increase (>43 °C) induced Ca2+ transients and corresponding increases in TRPV1-induced inward and outward whole-cell currents. This was accompanied by suppression of injury-induced increases in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and cell migration. In conclusion, L-carnitine contributes to inhibit stromal scarring through suppressing an injury-induced intrinsic TRPV1 activity that is linked with induction of myofibroblast transdifferentiation in HCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Turan
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Valtink
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Annett Skupin
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Huan Luo
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Brockmann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marah Hussain Omar Ba Salem
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Pleyer
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Soma T, Iwasaki R, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Nakamura S, Kaneko Y, Ito E, Okada H, Watanabe H, Miyamoto K, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Asoda S, Kawana H, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto T. Tooth extraction in mice administered zoledronate increases inflammatory cytokine levels and promotes osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:372-384. [PMID: 33200254 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) occurring after invasive dental treatment often adversely affects patients' activities of daily living. Long-term administration of strong anti-bone resorptive agents such as bisphosphonates prior to invasive dental treatment is considered an ONJ risk factor; however, pathological mechanisms underlying ONJ development remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed an ONJ mouse model in which a tooth is extracted during treatment with the bisphosphonate zoledronate. RESULTS We observed induction of apoptosis in osteocytes, resulting in formation of empty lacunae in jaw bones at sites of tooth extraction but not in other bones of the same mice. We also observed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1 in jaw bone at the extraction site relative to other sites in zoledronate-treated mice. We also report that treatment in vitro with either zoledronate or an extract from Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral bacteria, promotes expression of inflammatory cytokines in osteoclast progenitor cells. We demonstrate that gene-targeting of either TNFα, IL-6 or IL-1 or treatment with etanercept, a TNFα inhibitor, or a neutralizing antibody against IL-6 can antagonize ONJ development caused by combined tooth extraction and zoledronate treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the cytokine storm induced by invasive dental treatment under bisphosphonate treatment promotes ONJ development due to elevated levels of inflammatory cytokine-producing cells. Our work identifies novel targets potentially useful to prevent ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Soma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Iwasaki
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuiko Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tami Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kaneko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Ito
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisato Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kana Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1- Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Asoda
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kawana
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1- Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Zhang X, Hu C, Zhang N, Wei WY, Li LL, Wu HM, Ma ZG, Tang QZ. Matrine attenuates pathological cardiac fibrosis via RPS5/p38 in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:573-584. [PMID: 32694761 PMCID: PMC8115053 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac fibrosis is a common feature in multiple cardiovascular diseases that contributes to the occurrence of heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias. Our previous study demonstrated that matrine could attenuate doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of matrine on cardiac fibrosis. Mice received aortic banding (AB) operation or continuous injection of isoprenaline (ISO) to generate pathological cardiac fibrosis and then were exposed to matrine lavage (200 mg·kg-1·d-1) or an equal volume of vehicle as the control. We found that matrine lavage significantly attenuated AB or ISO-induced fibrotic remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. We also showed that matrine (200 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, collagen production, and phenotypic transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts. Mechanistically, matrine suppressed p38 activation in vivo and in vitro, and overexpression of constitutively active p38 completely abolished the protective effects of matrine. We also demonstrated that ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5) upregulation was responsible for matrine-mediated inhibition on p38 and fibrogenesis. More importantly, matrine was capable of ameliorating preexisting cardiac fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, matrine treatment attenuates cardiac fibrosis by regulating RPS5/p38 signaling in mice, and it might be a promising therapeutic agent for treating pathological cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ling-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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20
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Zhang YL, Zhang YQ, Lin HL, Qin YJ, Zeng J, Chen YL, Niu YY, Pang CP, Chu WK, Zhang HY. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases autophagic activity attenuating TGF-β1-induced transformation of human Tenon's fibroblasts. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108447. [PMID: 33465394 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could inhibit the myofibroblast transformation of human Tenon's fibroblasts, however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. We therefore investigated whether the autophagic regulation involved in the anti-fibrotic function of EGCG. The fibroblasts were subjected to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) induction followed by EGCG treatments. The autophagic flux was examined by transmission electron microscopy and autophagic flux analysis. The levels of autophagy-related proteins (LC3β and p62) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results showed that TGF-β1 partially inhibited the autophagic function of Tenon's fibroblasts. But this inhibition effect was rescued by LY2157299, a TGF-βR1 selective inhibitor. Compared with the cells treated with TGF-β1 alone, EGCG treatments increased the amount of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, evaluated the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I and decreased p62 level. Our results indicated that EGCG could recover the activity of autophagy in the TGF-β1-treated cells. Moreover, treatments with EGCG significantly decreased the α-SMA expression. Taken together, these findings revealed that autophagic regulation involved in the action of EGCG against TGF-β1-induced transformation of Tenon's fibroblasts. Through increasing intracellular autophagy, EGCG could be a potential anti-fibrotic reagent for preventing subconjunctival fibrosis after glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Qiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hong Liang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong Jie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yi Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Alesutan I, Luong TTD, Schelski N, Masyout J, Hille S, Schneider MP, Graham D, Zickler D, Verheyen N, Estepa M, Pasch A, Maerz W, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S, Frey N, Lang F, Delles C, Müller OJ, Pieske B, Eckardt KU, Scherberich J, Voelkl J. Circulating uromodulin inhibits vascular calcification by interfering with pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:930-941. [PMID: 32243494 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Uromodulin is produced exclusively in the kidney and secreted into both urine and blood. Serum levels of uromodulin are correlated with kidney function and reduced in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but physiological functions of serum uromodulin are still elusive. This study investigated the role of uromodulin in medial vascular calcification, a key factor associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in CKD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in primary human (HAoSMCs) and mouse (MOVAS) aortic smooth muscle cells, cholecalciferol overload and subtotal nephrectomy mouse models and serum from CKD patients. In three independent cohorts of CKD patients, serum uromodulin concentrations were inversely correlated with serum calcification propensity. Uromodulin supplementation reduced phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs. In human serum, pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) co-immunoprecipitated with uromodulin. Uromodulin inhibited TNFα and IL-1β-induced osteo-/chondrogenic signalling and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated β cells (NF-kB) as well as phosphate-induced NF-kB-dependent transcriptional activity in HAoSMCs. In vivo, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of uromodulin ameliorated vascular calcification in mice with cholecalciferol overload. Conversely, cholecalciferol overload-induced vascular calcification was aggravated in uromodulin-deficient mice. In contrast, uromodulin overexpression failed to reduce vascular calcification during renal failure in mice. Carbamylated uromodulin was detected in serum of CKD patients and uromodulin carbamylation inhibited its anti-calcific properties in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Uromodulin counteracts vascular osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification, at least in part, through interference with cytokine-dependent pro-calcific signalling. In CKD, reduction and carbamylation of uromodulin may contribute to vascular pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrogenesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteogenesis
- Phenotype
- Protein Carbamylation
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Uromodulin/blood
- Uromodulin/genetics
- Uromodulin/pharmacology
- Vascular Calcification/blood
- Vascular Calcification/immunology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Young Adult
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Trang T D Luong
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadeshda Schelski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaber Masyout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) Study
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Misael Estepa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Calciscon AG, Aarbergstrasse 5, 2560 Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
- Nierenpraxis Bern, Bubenbergplatz 5, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology, Lindenhofspital, Bremgartenstrasse 117, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Winfried Maerz
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl Street 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, P5,7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) Study
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Scherberich
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Sanatoriumsplatz 2, 81545 München, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Auclair M, Roblot N, Capel E, Fève B, Antoine B. Pharmacological modulation of RORα controls fat browning, adaptive thermogenesis, and body weight in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E219-E233. [PMID: 33252251 PMCID: PMC8260366 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00131.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Beiging is an attractive therapeutic strategy to fight against obesity and its side metabolic complications. The loss of function of the nuclear transcription factor RORα has been related to a lean phenotype with higher thermogenesis in sg/sg mice lacking this protein. Here we show that pharmacological modulation of RORα activity exerts reciprocal and cell-autonomous effect on UCP1 expression ex vivo, in cellulo, and in vivo. The RORα inverse-agonist SR3335 upregulated UCP1 expression in brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) explants of wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the RORα agonist SR1078 had the opposite effect. We confirmed the reciprocal action of these synthetic RORα ligands on gene expression, mitochondrial mass, and uncoupled oxygen consumption rate in cultured murine and human adipocytes. Time course analysis revealed stepwise variation in gene expression, first of TLE3, an inhibitor of the thermogenic program, followed by a reciprocal effect on PRDM16 and UCP1. Finally, RORα ligands were shown to be useful tools to modulate in vivo UCP1 expression in scWAT with associated changes in this fat depot mass. SR3335 and SR1078 provoked the opposite effects on the WT mice body weight, but without any effect on sg/sg mice. This slimming effect of SR3335 was related to an increased adaptive thermogenesis of the mice, as assessed by the rectal temperature of cold-stressed mice and induction of UCP1 in scWAT, as well as by indirect calorimetry in presence or not of a β3-adrenoceptor agonist. These data confirmed that RORα ligands could be useful tools to modulate thermogenesis and energy homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The regulation of adipose tissue browning was not fully deciphered and required further studies explaining how the regulation of this process may be of interest for tackling obesity and related metabolic disorders. Our data confirmed the involvement of the transcription factor RORα in the regulation of nonshivering thermogenesis, and importantly, revealed the possibility to in vivo modulate its activity by synthetic ligands with beneficial consequences on fat mass and body weight of the mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiology
- Adult
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cold-Shock Response/drug effects
- Cold-Shock Response/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/physiology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Auclair
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Roblot
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Antoine
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
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23
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Kuang M, Wu H, Hu L, Guo X, He D, Liu B, Chen M, Gu J, Gu J, Zeng X, Ruan Y. Up-regulation of FUT8 inhibits TGF-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells during liver fibrogenesis. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:77-87. [PMID: 33608773 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a continuous wound healing response caused by chronic liver injury, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is considered as the main event for it. Core fucosylation catalyzed by FUT8 refers to adding the fucosyl moiety to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-linked oligosaccharides and is involved in many biological processes such as cell differentiation, migration, and signaling transduction. Aberrant core fucosylation is associated with a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disease, tumors and neuroinflammation, but much less is understood in liver fibrosis. Herein, we reported FUT8 mRNA level was increased in patients with liver fibrosis from GEO database and positively correlated with fibrosis progression. FUT8 expression and the core fucosylation were also elevated in TAA-induced mouse liver fibrosis model, and were mainly distributed in the fibrous septum of mouse liver. TGF-β1, as the most pro-fibrogenic cytokine, could promote the expression of FUT8 and total core fucosylation levels in HSCs in vitro. However, up-regulation of FUT8 in turn inhibited TGF-β1-induced trans-differentiation, migration and pro-fibrogenic signaling pathways in HSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that the up-regulation of FUT8 inhibits TGF-β1-induced HSC activation in a negative feedback loop, and provide potential new therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis by targeting FUT8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Daochuan He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqian Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ding Z, Dai C, Zhong L, Liu R, Gao W, Zhang H, Yin Z. Neuregulin-1 converts reactive astrocytes toward oligodendrocyte lineage cells via upregulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to repair spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111168. [PMID: 33395598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal demyelination is a consistent pathological characteristic of Spinal cord injury (SCI). Promoting differentiation of oligodendrocytes is of importance for remyelination. Conversion of reactive astrocytes with stem cell potential to oligodendrocytes is proposed as an innovative strategy for SCI repair. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) plays an essential role in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Therefore, it's a potential treatment for demyelination in SCI that using Nrg1 to drive reactive astrocytes toward oligodendrocyte lineage cells. In this study, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was used to induce dedifferentiation of primary rat spinal cord astrocytes into reactive astrocytes and Nrg1 was used to induce astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that astrocytes treated with TNF-α expressed immaturity markers CD44 and Musashi1 at mRNA and protein levels, indicating that TNF-α induced the stem cell state of astrocytes. Nrg1 induced reactive astrocytes to express oligodendrocyte markers PDGFR-α and O4 at mRNA and protein levels, indicating that Nrg1 directly converts reactive astrocytes toward oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Moreover, upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling activation in response to Nrg1 was observed. In rats with SCI, intrathecal treatment with Nrg1 converted reactive astrocytes to oligodendrocyte lineage cells, inhibited astrogliosis, promoted remyelination, protected axons and eventually improved BBB score. All the biological effects of Nrg1 were significantly reversed by the co-administration of Nrg1 and ErbB inhibitor, suggesting that Nrg1 functioned through the receptor ErbB. Our findings indicate that Nrg1 is sufficient to trans-differentiate reactive astrocytes to oligodendrocytes via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and repair SCI. Delivery of Nrg1 for the remyelination processes could be a promising strategy for spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ce Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218#Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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He Y, An J, Yin JJ, Miao Q, Sui RX, Han QX, Ding ZB, Huang JJ, Ma CG, Xiao BG. Ethyl Pyruvate-Derived Transdifferentiation of Astrocytes to Oligodendrogenesis in Cuprizone-Induced Demyelinating Model. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:488-502. [PMID: 33140235 PMCID: PMC8116372 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes redifferentiate into oligodendrogenesis, raising the possibility that astrocytes may be a potential target in the treatment of adult demyelinated lesion. Upon the basis of the improvement of behavior abnormality and demyelination by ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment, we further explored whether EP affects the function of astrocytes, especially the transdifferentiation of astrocytes into oligodendrogenesis. The results showed that EP treatment increased the accumulation of astrocytes in myelin sheath and promoted the phagocytosis of myelin debris by astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, EP treatment induced astrocytes to upregulate the expression of CNTF and BDNF in the corpus callosum and striatum as well as cultured astrocytes, accompanied by increased expression of nestin, Sox2, and β-catenin and decreased expression of Notch1 by astrocytes. As a result, EP treatment effectively promoted the generation of NG2+ and PDGF-Ra+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that, in part, express astrocyte marker GFAP. Further confirmation was performed by intracerebral injection of primary astrocytes labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE). As expected, NG2+ OPCs expressing CFSE and Sox2 were elevated in the corpus callosum of mice treated with EP following transplantation, revealing that EP can convert astrocytes into myelinating cells. Our results indicate the possibility that EP lead to effective myelin repair in patients suffering from myelination deficit.Graphical Abstract The diagram of EP action for promoting myelin regeneration in CPZ model. EP promoted migration and enrichment of astrocytes to demyelinated tissue and induced astrocytes to express neurotrophic CNTF and BDNF as well as translation factor nestin, Sox2, and β-catenin, which should contribute to astrocytes to differentiate of oligodendrogenesis. At the same time, EP promoted astrocytes to phagocytized myelin debris for removing the harmful substances of myelin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jun An
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jun-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Sui
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qing-Xian Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital, Datong Coalmine Group, Datong, 037006, China.
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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26
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Chattopadhyay A, Kwartler CS, Kaw K, Li Y, Kaw A, Chen J, LeMaire SA, Shen YH, Milewicz DM. Cholesterol-Induced Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells to Macrophage/Fibroblast-like Cells Is Driven by an Unfolded Protein Response. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:302-316. [PMID: 33028096 PMCID: PMC7752246 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) dedifferentiate and initiate expression of macrophage markers with cholesterol exposure. This phenotypic switching is dependent on the transcription factor Klf4 (Krüppel-like factor 4). We investigated the molecular pathway by which cholesterol induces SMC phenotypic switching. Approach and Results: With exposure to free cholesterol, SMCs decrease expression of contractile markers, activate Klf4, and upregulate a subset of macrophage and fibroblast markers characteristic of modulated SMCs that appear with atherosclerotic plaque formation. These phenotypic changes are associated with activation of all 3 pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR), Perk (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), Ire (inositol-requiring enzyme) 1α, and Atf (activating transcription factor) 6. Blocking the movement of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum prevents free cholesterol-induced UPR, Klf4 activation, and upregulation of the majority of macrophage and fibroblast markers. Cholesterol-induced phenotypic switching is also prevented by global UPR inhibition or specific inhibition of Perk signaling. Exposure to chemical UPR inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin, is sufficient to induce these same phenotypic transitions. Finally, analysis of published single-cell RNA sequencing data during atherosclerotic plaque formation in hyperlipidemic mice provides preliminary in vivo evidence of a role of UPR activation in modulated SMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that UPR is necessary and sufficient to drive phenotypic switching of SMCs to cells that resemble modulated SMCs found in atherosclerotic plaques. Preventing a UPR in hyperlipidemic mice diminishes atherosclerotic burden, and our data suggest that preventing SMC transition to dedifferentiated cells expressing macrophage and fibroblast markers contributes to this decreased plaque burden.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Cholesterol/toxicity
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Unfolded Protein Response/drug effects
- eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.C., C.S.K., K.K., A.K., J.C., D.M.M.)
| | - Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.C., C.S.K., K.K., A.K., J.C., D.M.M.)
| | - Kaveeta Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.C., C.S.K., K.K., A.K., J.C., D.M.M.)
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (.L., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
| | - Anita Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.C., C.S.K., K.K., A.K., J.C., D.M.M.)
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.C., C.S.K., K.K., A.K., J.C., D.M.M.)
| | - Scott A. LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (.L., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (.L., S.A.L., Y.H.S.)
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.C., C.S.K., K.K., A.K., J.C., D.M.M.)
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27
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Mona M, Kobeissy F, Park YJ, Miller R, Saleh W, Koh J, Yoo MJ, Chen S, Cha S. Secretome Analysis of Inductive Signals for BM-MSC Transdifferentiation into Salivary Gland Progenitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9055. [PMID: 33260559 PMCID: PMC7730006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe dry mouth in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome, or radiation therapy for patients with head and neck cancer, significantly compromises their oral health and quality of life. The current clinical management of xerostomia is limited to palliative care as there are no clinically-proven treatments available. Previously, our studies demonstrated that mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) can differentiate into salivary progenitors when co-cultured with primary salivary epithelial cells. Transcription factors that were upregulated in co-cultured mMSCs were identified concomitantly with morphological changes and the expression of acinar cell markers, such as α-amylase (AMY1), muscarinic-type-3-receptor(M3R), aquaporin-5(AQP5), and a ductal cell marker known as cytokeratin 19(CK19). In the present study, we further explored inductive molecules in the conditioned media that led to mMSC reprogramming by high-throughput liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and systems biology. Our approach identified ten differentially expressed proteins based on their putative roles in salivary gland embryogenesis and development. Additionally, systems biology analysis revealed six candidate proteins, namely insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), cysteine-rich, angiogenetic inducer, 61(CYR61), agrin(AGRN), laminin, beta 2 (LAMB2), follistatin-like 1(FSTL1), and fibronectin 1(FN1), for their potential contribution to mMSC transdifferentiation during co-culture. To our knowledge, our study is the first in the field to identify soluble inductive molecules that drive mMSC into salivary progenitors, which crosses lineage boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mona
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Yun-Jong Park
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Rehae Miller
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Wafaa Saleh
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Jin Koh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Sixue Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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28
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Tsai YC, Wang CW, Wen BY, Hsieh PS, Lee YM, Yen MH, Cheng PY. Involvement of the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the browning effect of irisin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110915. [PMID: 32540261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Irisin has gained attention because of its potential applications in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that irisin attenuates obesity via the browning of white adipose tissue; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of irisin on adipocyte browning and the underlying mechanisms. The western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that irisin significantly induced the up-regulation of brown fat-specific proteins (PGC1α, PRDM16, and UCP-1) and HO-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, irisin significantly increased the levels of cytosolic p62 and nuclear Nrf2. These effects of irisin in the adipocytes were attenuated by treatment with SnPP or p62 siRNA. In addition, the browning effect of irisin was observed in BAT-WT-1 cells. These findings suggest that irisin induced browning effect via the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway and that it may be a potential candidate for preventing or treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yao Wen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsiung Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Yu L, Jia D, Feng K, Sun X, Xu W, Ding L, Xin H, Qin L, Han T. A natural compound (LCA) isolated from Litsea cubeba inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing Akt and MAPK pathways in mouse bone marrow macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112873. [PMID: 32298753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. has been traditionally used as a folk prescription for treating rheumatic diseases in China. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of LCA, a new type of dibenzyl butane lignin compound extracted from L. cubeba, on macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) plus receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). MATERIAL AND METHODS TRAP staining, TRAP enzyme activity assay and actin ring staining were applied to identify the effects of LCA on osteoclast differentiation. Protein expression of NFATc1, c-Fos and MMP-9, and phosphorylation of p65, Akt, JNK, ERK and p38 in RANKL-induced osteoclasts was determined using western blotting to investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS LCA significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting TRAP activity, decreasing the number of TRAP+ multinuclear osteoclasts and reducing the formation of F-actin ring without obvious cytotoxicity in BMMs. Moreover, LCA treatment strongly reduced protein expression of NFATc1, c-Fos and MMP-9, and attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, Akt, JNK, ERK and p38 in RANKL-stimulated BMMs. CONCLUSIONS LCA ameliorated RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via inhibition of Akt and MAPK signalings in BMMs, and may serve as a potential pro-drug for bone destruction prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunmiao Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wumu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Luying Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hailiang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Lin LT, Chen JT, Lu DW, Tai MC, Liang CM, Chen CL, Pao SI, Hsu CK, Chen YH. Antifibrotic role of low-dose mitomycin-c-induced cellular senescence in trabeculectomy models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234706. [PMID: 32574191 PMCID: PMC7310836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We assessed whether mitomycin-C (MMC) has different antifibrotic mechanisms in trabeculectomy wound healing. Methods We identified 2 concentrations of MMC as “low-dose” by using WST-1 assay, Lactic dehydrogenase assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting flow cytometry. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and fibrotic gene expression was examined through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, zymography, and modified scratch assay in vitro. In vivo, 0.1 mL of MMC or normal saline was injected to Tenon’s capsule before trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. SA-β-gal expression, apoptotic cell death, and collagen deposition in sites treated and not treated with MMC were evaluated using terminal dUTP nick end labeling assay and histochemical staining. Bleb function and intraocular pressure (IOP) levels were examined 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after trabeculectomy. Results In vitro, human Tenon’s fibroblast (HTF) senescence was confirmed by observing cell morphologic change, SA-β-gal accumulation, formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin, increased p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF1 expression, lower percentage of Ki-67-positive cells, and decreased COL1A1 release. Increased expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, and Smad2 signaling in TGF-β1-induced stress fibers were passivated in senescent HTFs. In addition, cellular migration enhanced by TGF-β1was inactivated. In vivo, histological examination indicated increased SA-β-gal accumulation, lower apoptosis ratios, and looser collagen deposition in sites treated with 0.2 μM MMC. Low-dose MMC-induced cellular senescence prolonged trabeculectomy bleb survival and reduced IOP levels in a rabbit model. Conclusion Low-dose MMC-induced cellular senescence is involved in the antifibrotic mechanism of trabeculectomy wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tien Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kang Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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de Souza T, Vargas da Silva S, Fonte-Faria T, Nascimento-Silva V, Barja-Fidalgo C, Citelli M. Chia oil induces browning of white adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110772. [PMID: 32114022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids from animal origin may promote the browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. We evaluated if supplementation with a plant oil (chia, Salvia hispanica L.) rich in alpha-linolenic fatty acid (C18:3; ω-3) would promote browning and improve glucose metabolism in animals subjected to an obesogenic diet. Swiss male mice (n = 28) were divided into 4 groups: C: control diet; H: high-fat diet; HC: animals in the H group supplemented with chia oil after reaching obesity; HCW: animals fed since weaning on a high-fat diet supplemented with chia oil. Glucose tolerance, inflammatory markers, and expression of genes and proteins involved in the browning process were examined. When supplemented since weaning, chia oil improved glucose metabolism and promoted the browning process and a healthier phenotype. Results of this study suggested that chia oil has potential to protect against the development of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris de Souza
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Fonte-Faria
- Department of Cellular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marta Citelli
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.
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Mukherjee S, Choi MJ, Kim SW, Yun JW. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) regulates thermogenesis in white and brown adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110757. [PMID: 32057945 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SPARC, also known as osteonectin, is well known for its physiological roles in bone formation and tissue remodeling, as well as in cancer pathology; however, evidence regarding its function in adipocytes is lacking. The present study explored the physiological role of SPARC in cultured 3T3-L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes of murine cell lines. Treatment of recombinant SPARC upregulated the fat browning marker proteins and genes in white adipocytes and activated brown adipocytes. Conversely, knockdown of Sparc markedly reduced these genes and proteins in both cell lines. In addition, recombinant SPARC inhibited expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins but elevated lipolytic and fatty acid oxidation proteins. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed that SPARC directly interacted and regulated VEGF in adipocytes. In conclusion, SPARC acts as a regulatory protein in both white and brown adipocytes by controlling thermogenesis and is thus regarded as a possible therapeutic target for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Mariani BG, Graceli JB, De Sibio MT, Castro Olimpio RM, Fontes Moretto FC, Deprá IC, Nogueira CR. The roles of triiodothyronine and irisin in improving the lipid profile and directing the browning of human adipose subcutaneous cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110744. [PMID: 32027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) and irisin (I) can modulate metabolic status, increase heat production, and promote differentiation of white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Herein, human subcutaneous white adipocytes were treated with 10 nM T3 or 20 nM I for 24 h to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride, and glycerol levels, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). T3 and irisin improved UCP1 production, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. T3 elevated adiponectin and leptin levels with a concomitant decrease in PPARy and FNDC5 levels. However, irisin did not alter adipokine, PPARy, and FNDC5 levels. The results indicate that T3 may be used to increase leptin and adiponectin levels to improve insulin sensitivity, and irisin may be used to prevent obesity or maintain weight due to its impact on the lipid profile without altering adipokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Mariani
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tanday N, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Moffett RC. Liraglutide and sitagliptin counter beta- to alpha-cell transdifferentiation in diabetes. J Endocrinol 2020; 245:53-64. [PMID: 31977315 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of beta- to alpha-cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. To investigate the impact of contrasting aetiologies of beta-cell stress, as well as clinically approved incretin therapies on this process, lineage tracing of beta-cells in transgenic Ins1 Cre/+/Rosa26-eYFP mice was investigated. Diabetes-like syndromes were induced by streptozotocin (STZ), high fat feeding (HFF) or hydrocortisone (HC), and effects of treatment with liraglutide or sitagliptin were investigated. Mice developed the characteristic metabolic features associated with beta-cell destruction or development of insulin resistance. Liraglutide was effective in preventing weight gain in HFF mice, with both treatments decreasing energy intake in STZ and HC mice. Treatment intervention also significantly reduced blood glucose levels in STZ and HC mice, as well as increasing either plasma or pancreatic insulin while decreasing circulating or pancreatic glucagon in all models. The recognised changes in pancreatic morphology induced by STZ, HFF or HC were partially, or fully, reversed by liraglutide and sitagliptin, and related to advantageous effects on alpha- and beta-cell growth and survival. More interestingly, induction of diabetes-like phenotype, regardless of pathogenesis, led to increased numbers of beta-cells losing their identity, as well as decreased expression of Pdx1 within beta-cells. Both treatment interventions, and especially liraglutide, countered detrimental islet cell transitioning effects in STZ and HFF mice. Only liraglutide imparted benefits on beta- to alpha-cell transdifferentiation in HC mice. These data demonstrate that beta- to alpha-cell transdifferentiation is a common consequence of beta-cell destruction or insulin resistance and that clinically approved incretin-based drugs effectively limit this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tanday
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Wang D, Hao C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu S, Li Y, Qu Y, Zhao Y, Huang R, Wei J, Yao W. Exosomal miR-125a-5p derived from silica-exposed macrophages induces fibroblast transdifferentiation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 192:110253. [PMID: 32059163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica particles can cause a systemic disease in workers termed lung silicosis, characterized by diffuse fibrosis. The development of lung silicosis involves various signaling pathway networks comprising numerous cell types and cytokines. As an important medium for communication between cells, exosomes have emerged as a hot research topic; however, the role of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in silicosis remains unclear. In this study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing to generate exosomal miRNAs profiles from macrophages that were either exposed to silica or not. A total of 298 miRNAs were differentially expressed, with 155 up-regulated and 143 down-regulated. Highly conserved differentially expressed miRNAs were functionally annotated and analyzed to predict target genes. Among target interactions associated with the TGF-β signaling pathway, miR-125a-5p and its putative target gene, Smurf1, were subjected to further research. As expected, levels of miR-125a-5p were upregulated in human serous exosomes and vitro, and inhibit the exosomal miR-125a-5p suppressed the expression of the fibrosis hallmarks. Besides, high levels of the miRNA led to upregulation of smooth muscle actin alpha and repression of Smurf1 in NIH-3T3 and MRC-5 cells. ID1 and SMAD1, downstream of TGF-β signaling, were upregulated, indicating potential activation of this signaling pathway. These results contribute to understanding of the intercellular communication mediated by exosomal miRNAs and its critical role in fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, People's Hospital of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suna Liu
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Qu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruoxuan Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Silva CM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of silymarin on the transdifferentiation processes of LX-2 cells and its connection with lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:129-142. [PMID: 32185674 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis process in the liver is a clinical condition established in response to chronic lesions and may be reversible in many situations. In this process, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activate and produce extracellular matrix compounds. During fibrosis, the lipid metabolism is also altered and contributes to the transdifferentiation of the HSCs. Thus, controlling lipid metabolism in HSCs is suggested as a method to control or reverse the fibrotic condition. In the search for therapies that modulate lipid metabolism and treat liver diseases, silymarin has been identified as a relevant natural compound to treat liver pathologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of silymarin in the transdifferentiation process of HSCs (LX-2) from activated phenotype to a more quiesced-like cells , also focusing on understanding the modulatory effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism of HSCs. In our analyses, 100 µM of silymarin reduced the synthesis of actin filaments in activated cells, the synthesis of the protein level of α-SMA, and other pro-fibrotic factors such as CTGF and PFGF. The concentration of 150 µM silymarin did not reverse the activation aspects of LX-2 cells. However, both evaluated concentrations of the natural compound protected the cells from the negative effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, we evaluated lipid-related molecules correlated to the transdifferentiation process of LX-2, and 100 µM of silymarin demonstrated to control molecules associated with lipid metabolism such as FASN, MLYCD, ACSL4, CPTs, among others. In contrast, cellular incubation with 150 µM of silymarin increased the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides, regarding the higher presence of DMSO (v/v) in the solvent. In conclusion, silymarin acts as a hepatoprotective agent and modulates the pro-fibrogenic stimuli of LX-2 cells, whose effects depend on stress levels in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Mateus Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Departamento de Física E Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Sarnobat D, Moffett RC, Gault VA, Tanday N, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Effects of long-acting GIP, xenin and oxyntomodulin peptide analogues on alpha-cell transdifferentiation in insulin-deficient diabetic Glu CreERT2;ROSA26-eYFP mice. Peptides 2020; 125:170205. [PMID: 31738969 PMCID: PMC7212078 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-resistant long-acting forms of the gut-derived peptide hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), xenin and oxyntomodulin (Oxm) have been generated, and exert beneficial effects on diabetes control and pancreatic islet architecture. The current study has employed alpha-cell lineage tracing in GluCreERT2;ROSA26-eYFP transgenic mice to investigate the extent to which these positive pancreatic effects are associated with alpha- to beta-cell transdifferentiation. Twice-daily administration of (D-Ala2)GIP, xenin-25[Lys13PAL] or (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL] for 10 days to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice did not affect body weight, food intake or blood glucose levels, but (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL] reduced (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) fluid intake and circulating glucagon. (D-Ala2)GIP and (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL] also augmented (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) pancreatic insulin content. Detrimental changes of pancreatic morphology induced by STZ in GluCreERT2;ROSA26-eYFP mice were partially reversed by all treatment interventions. This was associated with reduced (P < 0.05) apoptosis and increased (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) proliferation of beta-cells, alongside opposing effects on alpha-cells, with (D-Ala2)GIP and (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL] being particularly effective in this regard. Alpha-cell lineage tracing revealed that induction of diabetes was accompanied by increased (P < 0.01) transdifferentiation of glucagon positive alpha-cells to insulin positive beta-cells. This islet cell transitioning process was augmented (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) by (D-Ala2)GIP and (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL]. (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL] also significantly (P < 0.05) promoted loss of alpha-cell identity in favour of other endocrine islet cells. These data highlight intra-islet benefits of (D-Ala2)GIP, xenin-25[Lys13PAL] and (D-Ser2)-Oxm[Lys38PAL] in diabetes with beta-cell loss induced by STZ. The effects appear to be independent of glycaemic change, and associated with alpha- to beta-cell transdifferentiation for the GIP and Oxm analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Sarnobat
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor A Gault
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Neil Tanday
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Liu C, Ruan H, Himmati F, Zhao MT, Chen CC, Makar M, Chen IY, Sallam K, Mocarski ES, Sayed D, Sayed N. HIF1α Regulates Early Metabolic Changes due to Activation of Innate Immunity in Nuclear Reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:192-200. [PMID: 32048999 PMCID: PMC7013248 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling has recently been shown to play an important role in nuclear reprogramming, by altering the epigenetic landscape and thereby facilitating transcription. However, the mechanisms that link innate immune activation and metabolic regulation in pluripotent stem cells remain poorly defined, particularly with regard to key molecular components. In this study, we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), a central regulator of adaptation to limiting oxygen tension, is an unexpected but crucial regulator of innate immune-mediated nuclear reprogramming. HIF1α is dramatically upregulated as a consequence of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling and is necessary for efficient induction of pluripotency and transdifferentiation. Bioenergetics studies reveal that HIF1α regulates the reconfiguration of innate immune-mediated reprogramming through its well-established role in throwing a glycolytic switch. We believe that results from these studies can help us better understand the influence of immune signaling in tissue regeneration and lead to new therapeutic strategies. HIF1α is dramatically upregulated as a consequence of TLR3 signaling HIF1α is necessary for efficient induction of pluripotency and transdifferentiation HIF1α regulates innate immune-mediated reprogramming by inducing a glycolytic switch
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongyue Ruan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Agricultural and Academic Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Farhan Himmati
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Christopher C Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA
| | - Merna Makar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian Y Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karim Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Danish Sayed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Cota P, Helmi SA, Hsu C, Rancourt DE. Cytokine Directed Chondroblast Trans-Differentiation: JAK Inhibition Facilitates Direct Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Chondroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010191. [PMID: 31940860 PMCID: PMC7017373 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the hyaline articular cartilage. This disease is progressive and may lead to disability. Researchers proposed many regenerative approaches to treat osteoarthritis, including stem cells. Trans-differentiation of a fully differentiated cell state directly into another different differentiated cell state avoids the disadvantages of fully reprogramming cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in terms of faster reprogramming of the needed cells. Trans-differentiation also reduces the risk of tumor formation by avoiding the iPSC state. OSKM factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc) accompanied by the JAK-STAT pathway inhibition, followed by the introduction of specific differentiation factors, directly reprogrammed mouse embryonic fibroblasts to chondroblasts. Our results showed the absence of intermediate induced pluripotent stem cell formation. The resulting aggregates showed clear hyaline and hypertrophic cartilage. Tumor formation was absent in sub-cutaneous capsules transplanted in SCID mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Health and Environment, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Summer A. Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Charlie Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland. 20 Weightman St, Herston 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-2888
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Narikawa M, Umemura M, Tanaka R, Hikichi M, Nagasako A, Fujita T, Yokoyama U, Ishigami T, Kimura K, Tamura K, Ishikawa Y. Doxorubicin induces trans-differentiation and MMP1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts via cell death-independent pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221940. [PMID: 31513610 PMCID: PMC6742217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy causes lethal heart failure (HF), no early detection or effective treatment methods are available. The principal mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are considered to involve oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the effect of DOX on cardiac fibroblasts at non-lethal concentrations remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of doxorubicin on the activation of cardiac fibroblasts independent of cell death pathways. We first found that DOX induced α-SMA expression (marker of trans-differentiation) at a low concentration range, which did not inhibit cell viability. DOX also increased MMP1, IL-6, TGF-β and collagen expression in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). In addition, DOX promoted Akt and Smad phosphorylation. A Smad inhibitor prevented DOX-induced α-SMA and IL-6 protein expression. An PI3K inhibitor also prevented MMP1 mRNA expression in HCFs. These findings suggest that DOX directly induces fibrotic changes in HCFs via cell death-independent pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed that these responses are organ- and species-specific for HCFs based on experiments using different types of human and murine fibroblast cell lines. These results suggest potentially new mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity from the viewpoint of fibrotic changes in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Narikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (MU); (YI)
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayu Hikichi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akane Nagasako
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (MU); (YI)
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Hoveizi E, Mohammadi T. Differentiation of endometrial stem cells into insulin-producing cells using signaling molecules and zinc oxide nanoparticles, and three-dimensional culture on nanofibrous scaffolds. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:101. [PMID: 31473826 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder with a high mortality and morbidity rate. A new promising strategy to treat DM is pancreatic tissue engineering. We described a 3D culture system accompanied by signaling factors to differentiate hEnSCs into IPCs in the presence of nZnO. We isolated EnSCs and cultured it in DMEM/F12 medium. Nanofibrous PLA/Cs scaffold was prepared through the electrospinning method. The morphological properties of the scaffolds and cells were evaluated by SEM. MTT assay was used to investigate the metabolic activity of the hEnSCs cultured on the scaffolds and a four-stage protocol was applied to differentiate hEnSCs. The differentiated cells were tested for pancreatic markers by immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and DTZ staining. The results of this study revealed that hEnSCs cultured on PLA/Cs scaffold and treated with nZnO can efficiently differentiate into IPCs. The examination of differentiated cell morphology showed their near similarity with pancreatic islet cells, and DTZ staining emphasized the presence of insulin granules inside their cytoplasm. Moreover, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining results showed the efficient expression of specific gene markers of IPCs in resultant differentiated cells. Moreover, PLA/CS and nZnO were able to provide a good nanoenvironment for the differentiation of hEnSCs into IPCS the in presence of other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Here, we review recent findings in the field of generating insulin-producing cells by pancreatic transcription factor (pTF)-induced liver transdifferentiation (TD). TD is the direct conversion of functional cell types from one lineage to another without passing through an intermediate stage of pluripotency. We address potential reasons for the restricted efficiency of TD and suggest modalities to overcome these challenges, to bring TD closer to its clinical implementation in autologous cell replacement therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Liver to pancreas TD is restricted to cells that are a priori predisposed to undergo the developmental process. In vivo, the predisposition of liver cells is affected by liver zonation and hepatic regeneration. The TD propensity of liver cells is related to permissive epigenome which could be extended to TD-resistant cells by specific soluble factors. An obligatory role for active Wnt signaling in continuously maintaining a "permissive" epigenome is suggested. Moreover, the restoration of the pancreatic niche and vasculature promotes the maturation of TD cells along the β cell function. Future studies on liver to pancreas TD should include the maturation of TD cells by 3D culture, the restoration of vasculature and the pancreatic niche, and the extension of TD propensity to TD-resistant cells by epigenetic modifications. Liver to pancreas TD is expected to result in the generation of custom-made "self" surrogate β cells for curing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Meivar-Levy
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, 56261, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sarah Ferber
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, 56261, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
- Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Kang Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ren S, Xiong H, Chen J, Duscher D, Machens HG, Liu W, Guo G, Zhan P, Chen H, Chen Z. Differentiated human adipose-derived stromal cells exhibit the phenotypic and functional characteristics of mature Schwann cells through a modified approach. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:987-1003. [PMID: 31351800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Tissue engineering technology is a promising therapeutic strategy in peripheral nerve injury. Schwann cells (SCs) are deemed to be a vital component of cell-based nerve regeneration therapies. Many methods for producing SC-like cells derived from adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have been explored, but their phenotypic and functional characteristics remain unsatisfactory. METHODS We investigated whether human ADSCs can be induced to differentiate into mature and stable SC-like cells with the addition of insulin, progestero``ne and glucocorticoids. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of new differentiated ADSCs (modified SC-like cells) were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocytochemistry in vitro. Cells loaded into collagen sponge biomaterials were implanted around transected sciatic nerves with a 10-mm gap in vivo. The axon regrowth and functional recovery of the regenerated nerves were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Walking footprint analysis. RESULTS After differentiation induction, the modified SC-like cells showed significantly up-regulated levels of S100B and P0 and enhanced proliferative and migratory capacities. In addition, the modified SC-like cells showed increased secretion of neurotrophic factors, and their functional characteristics were maintained for more than 3 weeks after removing the induction reagents. The modified SC-like cells exhibited significantly enhanced axon regrowth, myelination and functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results suggest that this modified induction method can induce human ADSCs to differentiate into cells with the molecular and functional properties of mature SCs and increase the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hewei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (MRI), Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22 81675, München, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (MRI), Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22 81675, München, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guojun Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Méndez A, Rojas DA, Ponce CA, Bustamante R, Beltrán CJ, Toledo J, García-Angulo VA, Henriquez M, Vargas SL. Primary infection by Pneumocystis induces Notch-independent Clara cell mucin production in rat distal airways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217684. [PMID: 31170201 PMCID: PMC6553854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clara cells are the main airway secretory cells able to regenerate epithelium in the distal airways through transdifferentiating into goblet cells, a process under negative regulation of the Notch pathway. Pneumocystis is a highly prevalent fungus in humans occurring between 2 and 5 months of age, a period when airways are still developing and respiratory morbidity typically increases. Pneumocystis induces mucus hyperproduction in immunocompetent host airways and whether it can stimulate Clara cells is unknown. Markers of Clara cell secretion and Notch1 activation were investigated in lungs of immunocompetent rats at 40, 60, and 80 days of age during Pneumocystis primary infection with and without Valproic acid (VPA), a Notch inducer. The proportion of rats expressing mucin increased in Pneumocystis-infected rats respect to controls at 60 and 80 days of age. Frequency of distal airways Clara cells was maintained while mRNA levels for the mucin-encoding genes Muc5B and Muc5ac in lung homogenates increased 1.9 and 3.9 times at 60 days of infection (P. = 0.1609 and P. = 0.0001, respectively) and protein levels of the Clara cell marker CC10 decreased in the Pneumocystis-infected rats at 60 and 80 days of age (P. = 0.0118 & P. = 0.0388). CC10 and Muc5b co-localized in distal airway epithelium of Pneumocystis-infected rats at day 60. Co-localization of Muc5b and Ki67 as marker of mitosis in distal airways was not observed suggesting that Muc5b production by Clara cells was independent of mitosis. Notch levels remained similar and no transnucleation of activated Notch associated to Pneumocystis infection was detected. Unexpectedly, mucus was greatly increased at day 80 in Pneumocystis-infected rats receiving VPA suggesting that a Notch-independent mechanism was triggered. Overall, data suggests a Clara to goblet cell transdifferentiation mechanism induced by Pneumocystis and independent of Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Méndez
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego A. Rojas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A. Ponce
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebeca Bustamante
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll J. Beltrán
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Laboratorio de Análisis Imágenes Científicas, SCIAN-lab, Instituto de Neurociencias Biomédicas (BNI), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor A. García-Angulo
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henriquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio L. Vargas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Wawro ME, Sobierajska K, Ciszewski WM, Niewiarowska J. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Prevent Vincristine-Dependent Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081941. [PMID: 31010006 PMCID: PMC6515011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vincristine is used in the clinical treatment of colon cancer, especially in patients diagnosed in the advanced phase of cancer development. Unfortunately, similar to other agents used during antitumor therapy, vincristine might induce chemoresistance. Studies of this process focus mainly on the analysis of the molecular mechanisms within cancer, usually ignoring the role of stromal cells. Our present findings confirm that vincristine stimulates the secretion of tumor growth factors class beta and interleukin-6 from cancer-associated fibroblasts as a result of paracrine stimulation by cancer cells. Based on alterations in morphology, modulation of capillary formation, and changes in endothelial and mesenchymal marker profile, our findings demonstrate that higher levels of tumor growth factor-βs and interleukin-6 enhance cancer-associated fibroblast-like cell formation through endothelial–mesenchymal transition and that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment (aspirin and ibuprofen) is able to inhibit this phenomenon. The process appears to be regulated by the rate of microtubule polymerization, depending on β-tubulin composition. While higher levels of tubulin-β2 and tubulin-β4 caused slowed polymerization and reduced the level of factors secreted to the extracellular matrix, tubulin-β3 induced the opposite effect. We conclude that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be considered for use during vincristine monotherapy in the treatment of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ewelina Wawro
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sobierajska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Michał Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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Lin CY, Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Peng CY, Yu CC, Lu MY. Arctigenin Reduces Myofibroblast Activities in Oral Submucous Fibrosis by LINC00974 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061328. [PMID: 30884781 PMCID: PMC6470833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an oral precancerous condition associated with the habit of areca nut chewing and the TGF-β pathway. Currently, there is no curative treatment to completely heal OSF, and it is imperative to alleviate patients’ symptoms and prevent it from undergoing malignant transformation. Arctigenin, a lignan extracted from Arctium lappa, has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of arctigenin on the cell proliferation of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs), followed by assessment of myofibroblast activities. We found that arctigenin was able to abolish the arecoline-induced collagen gel contractility, migration, invasion, and wound healing capacities of BMFs and downregulate the myofibroblast characteristics of fBMFs in a dose-dependent manner. Most importantly, the production of TGF-β in fBMFs was reduced after exposure to arctigenin, along with the suppression of p-Smad2, α-smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen A1. In addition, arctigenin was shown to diminish the expression of LINC00974, which has been proven to activate TGF-β/Smad signaling for oral fibrogenesis. Taken together, we demonstrated that arctigenin may act as a suitable adjunct therapy for OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yeh Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yi Lu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Wang XL, Huang C. Difference of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of normal colonic epithelial cells induced by tumor-associated fibroblasts and colon cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2749-2759. [PMID: 30835040 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) crucially functions in tumor initiation and progression. Stroma-tumor interactions and cellular transdifferentiation are the prerequisite for tumor formation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a major cytokine secreted by tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) and cancer cells, is a crucial player involving cell transdifferentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that these TAFs and cancer cells also affect normal colon epithelium. In our study, we found for the first time that colon cancer cells HCT116 and TAF-like CCD-18Co cells induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like transdifferentiation in colon epithelial cells HCoEpiCs, with enhanced migratio. Dysfunction of TGF-β/Smads signal was also observed in the EMT-transformed HCoEpiCs. We wondered whether these phenomena were regulated by TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. A TGFβ receptor kinase I (TβRI) inhibitor LY364947 was used. We found that the EMT induced by the HCT116- and CCD-18Co-derived CM was suppressed by the LY364947. Besides, different expression profiles for the components of TGF-β/Smads pathway were found in the EMT-like HCoEpiCs, but high expression of p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 was the common feature. Our observations suggest that the mechanisms of phenotypic transition of colon epithelial cells are cellular environment-dependent, which maybe a basis of potential therapy targeting TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lian Wang
- Community Health Service Center, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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Ishay-Ronen D, Diepenbruck M, Kalathur RKR, Sugiyama N, Tiede S, Ivanek R, Bantug G, Morini MF, Wang J, Hess C, Christofori G. Gain Fat-Lose Metastasis: Converting Invasive Breast Cancer Cells into Adipocytes Inhibits Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:17-32.e6. [PMID: 30645973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell plasticity facilitates the development of therapy resistance and malignant progression. De-differentiation processes, such as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are known to enhance cellular plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that cancer cell plasticity can be exploited therapeutically by forcing the trans-differentiation of EMT-derived breast cancer cells into post-mitotic and functional adipocytes. Delineation of the molecular pathways underlying such trans-differentiation has motivated a combination therapy with MEK inhibitors and the anti-diabetic drug Rosiglitazone in various mouse models of murine and human breast cancer in vivo. This combination therapy provokes the conversion of invasive and disseminating cancer cells into post-mitotic adipocytes leading to the repression of primary tumor invasion and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nami Sugiyama
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tiede
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Francesco Morini
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Zhang Z, Hu Y, Xu N, Zhou W, Yang L, Chen R, Yang R, Sun J, Chen H. A New Way for Beta Cell Neogenesis: Transdifferentiation from Alpha Cells Induced by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2583047. [PMID: 31001561 PMCID: PMC6436340 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2583047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that alpha cells, especially immature cells and proalpha cells, might be the precursors of beta cells. Exposure to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) can ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice and restore the beta cell mass. In the present study, we adopted single high-dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) to model diabetes mellitus (DM) and randomly assigned short-tail (SD) rats to a normal group, a diabetic group, GLP1 groups (50 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg, and 200 μg/kg), a GLP1 (200 μg/kg) with exendin (9-39) group, and a GLP1 with LY294002 group. We found that the pancreatic insulin-glucagon-positive cell populations increased according to the increase in GLP1 exposure. By contrast, no insulin-amylase-positive cell populations or insulin/pan-cytokeratin cells were observed in the pancreatic sections. The GLP1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) and the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) family inhibitor LY294002 not only suppressed protein kinase B (Akt), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1), and mast cell function-associated antigen A (MafA) mRNA expression but also increased MAFB expression. We concluded that treatment with GLP1 might result in beta cell neogenesis by promoting the transdifferentiation of alpha cells but not by pancreatic acinar cells, ductal cells, or the self-replication of beta cells. The regulation on the GLP1 receptor and its downstream transcription factor PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway, which causes increased pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and MafA mRNA expression but causes decreased MAFB expression, may be the mechanism involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Hu
- Department of International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shangxi, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wawro ME, Chojnacka K, Wieczorek-Szukała K, Sobierajska K, Niewiarowska J. Invasive Colon Cancer Cells Induce Transdifferentiation of Endothelium to Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts through Microtubules Enriched in Tubulin-β3. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010053. [PMID: 30583584 PMCID: PMC6337286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, is usually diagnosed in invasive stages. The interactions between cancer cells and cells located in their niche remain the crucial mechanism inducing tumor metastasis. The most important among those cells are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the heterogeneous group of myofibroblasts transdifferentiated from numerous cells of different origin, including endothelium. The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is associated with modulation of cellular morphology, polarization and migration ability as a result of microtubule cytoskeleton reorganization. Here we reveal, for the first time, that invasive colon cancer cells regulate EndMT of endothelium via tubulin-β3 upregulation and its phosphorylation. Thus, we concluded that therapies based on inhibition of tubulin-β3 expression or phosphorylation, or blocking tubulin-β3's recruitment to the microtubules, together with anti-inflammatory chemotherapeutics, are promising means to treat advanced stages of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ewelina Wawro
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sobierajska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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