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Rodrigues BM, Mathias LS, Deprá IDC, Cury SS, de Oliveira M, Olimpio RMC, De Sibio MT, Gonçalves BM, Nogueira CR. Effects of Triiodothyronine on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells: Novel Insights From a Global Transcriptome Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886136. [PMID: 35784485 PMCID: PMC9248766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a significant role in bone development and maintenance, with triiodothyronine (T3) particularly being an important modulator of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance. However, details of the biological processes (BPs) and molecular pathways affected by T3 in osteoblasts remain unclear.Methods: To address this issue, primary cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to our previously established osteoinduction protocol, and the resultant osteoblast-like cells were treated with 1 nm or 10 nm T3 for 72 h. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed using the Illumina platform, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the raw data using Kallisto and DESeq2. Enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed against the Gene Ontology Consortium database for BP terms using the R package clusterProfiler and protein network analysis by STRING.Results: Approximately 16,300 genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq, with 343 DEGs regulated in the 1 nm T3 group and 467 upregulated in the 10 nm T3 group. Several independent BP terms related to bone metabolism were significantly enriched, with a number of genes shared among them (FGFR2, WNT5A, WNT3, ROR2, VEGFA, FBLN1, S1PR1, PRKCZ, TGFB3, and OSR1 for 1nM T3; and FZD1, SMAD6, NOG, NEO1, and ENG for 10 nm T3). An osteoblast-related search in the literature regarding this set of genes suggests that both T3 doses are unfavorable for osteoblast development, mainly hindering BMP and canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling.Conclusions: Therefore, this study provides new directions toward the elucidation of the mechanisms of T3 action on osteoblast metabolism, with potential future implications for the treatment of endocrine-related bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Igor de Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bianca Mariani Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Célia Regina Nogueira,
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Mariani BG, Graceli JB, De Sibio MT, Castro Olimpio RM, Fontes Moretto FC, Deprá IC, Nogueira CR. The roles of triiodothyronine and irisin in improving the lipid profile and directing the browning of human adipose subcutaneous cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110744. [PMID: 32027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) and irisin (I) can modulate metabolic status, increase heat production, and promote differentiation of white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Herein, human subcutaneous white adipocytes were treated with 10 nM T3 or 20 nM I for 24 h to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride, and glycerol levels, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). T3 and irisin improved UCP1 production, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. T3 elevated adiponectin and leptin levels with a concomitant decrease in PPARy and FNDC5 levels. However, irisin did not alter adipokine, PPARy, and FNDC5 levels. The results indicate that T3 may be used to increase leptin and adiponectin levels to improve insulin sensitivity, and irisin may be used to prevent obesity or maintain weight due to its impact on the lipid profile without altering adipokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Mariani
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Gonçalves BM, Moretto FCF, Olimpio RMC, Deprá I, De Sibio MT, Tilli HP, Nogueira CR, de Oliveira M. Triiodothyronine activated extranuclear pathways upregulate adiponectin and leptin in murine adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110690. [PMID: 31874199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin, important for metabolic regulation, are synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue and are influenced by triiodothyronine (T3) that activates the MAPK/ERK and integrin αVβ3 pathways, modulating gene expression. Adipocytes were treated with T3 (10 nM), for 1 h, in the absence or presence of PD98059 (PD) and tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac), which are pathways inhibitors. The cells were incubated with Adipo Red/Oil Red O reagents, and intracellular lipid accumulation [glycerol and triacylglycerol (TAG)], MTT, 8-hydroxideoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and mRNA and protein expression were assessed. T3 increased leptin mRNA and protein expression, and, in contrast, there was a decrease in the Tetrac + T3 group. Adiponectin mRNA expression was not altered by T3, though it had increased its protein expression, which was terminated by inhibitors PD + T3 and Tetrac + T3. However, T3 did not alter PPARγ protein expression, lipid accumulation, TAG, glycerol, and DNA damage, but PD + T3 and Tetrac + T3 reduced these parameters. T3 activated the MAPK/ERK pathway on adipocytes to modulate the adiponectin protein expression and integrin αvβ3 to alter the leptin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Solla Mathias
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Deprá
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Paim Tilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira M, Rodrigues BM, Olimpio RMC, Mathias LS, De Sibio MT, Moretto FCF, Graceli JB, Nogueira CR. Adiponectin and Serine/Threonine Kinase Akt Modulation by Triiodothyronine and/or LY294002 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Lipids 2019; 54:133-140. [PMID: 30891787 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), an endocrine organ that modulates several physiological functions by synthesizing and releasing adipokines such as adiponectin, is a metabolic target of triiodothyronine (T3). T3 and adiponectin play important roles in controlling normal metabolic functions such as stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and increase in thermogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is important for the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and can be activated by T3 for the transcription of specific genes, such as adiponectin. We examined the role of PI3K in adiponectin modulation by T3 action in murine adipocytes (3T3-L1). The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 1000 nM T3 for 1 h in the presence or absence of 50 μM LY294002 (LY), a PI3K inhibitor. Then, we assessed the expression of adiponectin and the phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase Akt (pAkt), a PI3K signaling protein, in the adipocytes. Adiponectin and pAKT levels were higher in the T3-adipocyte cells, whereas in the LY group adiponectin was elevated and pAKT was decreased compared to the control (C). PI3K pathway inhibition for 1 h and posterior treatment with T3, in LY + T3, reduced the adiponectin level and increased pAKT levels compared to those in LY. T3 stimulated adiponectin levels by PI3K pathway activation and T3 can compensate alteration in the PI3K pathway, because with inhibition of the pathway it is able to maintain the basal levels of adiponectin and pAKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Fontes Moretto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468, Prédio do básico I, sala 5, 29043-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro Avenue, s/n Bairro: UNESP - Campus de Botucatu 18618687 - Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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de Oliveira M, Rodrigues BM, Olimpio RMC, Graceli JB, Gonçalves BM, Costa SMB, da Silva TM, De Sibio MT, Moretto FCF, Mathias LS, Cardoso DBM, Tilli HP, Freitas-Lima LC, Nogueira CR. Disruptive Effect of Organotin on Thyroid Gland Function Might Contribute to Hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:7396716. [PMID: 31178910 PMCID: PMC6501155 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7396716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable increase in endocrine abnormalities has been reported over the last few decades worldwide. A growing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can be one of the causes of endocrine disorders in populations, and these disorders are not only restricted to the metabolic hormone system but can also cause abnormal functions. Thyroid hormone (TH) disruption is defined as an abnormal change in TH production, transport, function, or metabolism, which results in some degree of impairment in body homeostasis. Many EDCs, including organotin compounds (OTCs), are environmental contaminants that are commonly found in antifouling paints used on ships and in several other industrial procedures. OTCs are obesogenic and can disrupt TH metabolism; however, abnormalities in thyroid function resulting from OTC exposure are less well understood. OTCs, one of the most prevalent EDCs that are encountered on a daily basis, modulate the thyroid axis. In most toxicology studies, it has been reported that OTCs might contribute to hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Mariani Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Maria Barneze Costa
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Tabata Marinda da Silva
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Paim Tilli
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Celia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira MD, de Síbio MT, Olimpio RMC, Moretto FCF, Luvizotto RDAM, Nogueira CR. Triiodothyronine modulates the expression of leptin and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2015; 13:72-8. [PMID: 25993072 PMCID: PMC4946815 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of different doses of triiodothyronine on gene expression of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, at different times, and to evaluate the difference in expression between the two adipokines in each group. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with triiodothyronine at physiological dose (10nM) and supraphysiological doses (100nM or 1,000nM), or without triiodothyronine (control, C) for 0.5, 6, or 24 hours. Leptin and adiponectin mRNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). One-way analyses of variance, Tukey’s test or Student’s t test, were used to analyze data, and significance level was set at 5%. Results Leptin levels decreased in the 1,000nM-dose group after 0.5 hour. Adiponectin levels dropped in the 10nM-dose group, but increased at the 100nM dose. After 6 hours, both genes were suppressed in all hormone concentrations. After 24 hours, leptin levels increased at 10, 100 and 1,000nM groups as compared to the control group; and adiponectin levels increased only in the 100nM group as compared to the control group. Conclusion These results demonstrated fast actions of triiodothyronine on the leptin and adiponectin expression, starting at 0.5 hour, at a dose of 1,000nM for leptin and 100nM for adiponectin. Triiodothyronine stimulated or inhibited the expression of adipokines in adipocytes at different times and doses which may be useful to assist in the treatment of obesity, assuming that leptin is increased and adiponectin is decreased, in obesity cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira MD, Olimpio RMC, Sibio MTD, Moretto FCF, Luvizotto RDAM, Nogueira CR. Short-term effects of triiodothyronine on thyroid hormone receptor alpha by PI3K pathway in adipocytes, 3T3-L1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:833-7. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to examine the effects of thyroid hormone (TH), more precisely triiodothyronine (T3), on the modulation of TH receptor alpha (TRα) mRNA expression and the involvement of the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in adipocytes, 3T3-L1, cell culture. Materials and methods: It was examined the involvement of PI3K pathway in mediating T3 effects by treating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with physiological (P=10nM) or supraphysiological (SI =100 nM) T3 doses during one hour (short time), in the absence or the presence of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). The absence of any treatment was considered the control group (C). RT-qPCR was used for mRNA expression analyzes. For data analyzes ANOVA complemented with Tukey’s test was used at 5% significance level. Results T3 increased TRα mRNA expression in P (1.91±0.13, p<0.001), SI (2.14±0.44, p<0.001) compared to C group (1±0.08). This increase was completely abrogated by LY294002 in P (0.53±0.03, p<0.001) and SI (0.31±0.03, p<0.001). To examine whether TRα is directly induced by T3, we used the translation inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). The presence of CHX completely abrogated levels TRα mRNA in P (1.15±0.05, p>0.001) and SI (0.99±0.15, p>0.001), induced by T3. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway has a role in T3-mediated indirect TRα gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Sibio MTD, Oliveira MD, Moretto FCF, Olimpio RMC, Conde SJ, Luvizon AC, Nogueira CR. Triiodothyronine and breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:503-508. [PMID: 25114863 PMCID: PMC4127619 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are essential for survival; they are involved in the processes of development, growth, and metabolism. In addition to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, THs are involved in other diseases. The role of THs in the development and differentiation of mammary epithelium is well established; however, their specific role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC) is controversial. Steroid hormones affect many human cancers and the abnormal responsiveness of the mammary epithelial cells to estradiol (E2) in particular is known to be an important cause for the development and progression of BC. The proliferative effect of T3 has been demonstrated in various types of cancer. In BC cell lines, T3 may foster the conditions for tumor proliferation and increase the effect of cell proliferation by E2; thus, T3 may play a role in the development and progression of BC. Studies show that T3 has effects similar to E2 in BC cell lines. Despite controversy regarding the relationship between thyroid disturbances and the incidence of BC, studies show that thyroid status may influence the development of tumor, proliferation and metastasis.
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Oliveira MD, Luvizotto RDAM, Olimpio RMC, Sibio MTD, Silva CBR, Conde SJ, Padovani CR, Nogueira CR. Modulation of thyroid hormone receptors, TRα and TRβ, by using different doses of triiodothyronine (T3) at different times. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 57:368-74. [PMID: 23896803 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of different doses of triiodothyronine (T3) on mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptors, TRα and TRβ, at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with T3 (physiological dose: F; supraphysiological doses: SI or SII), or without T3 (control, C) for 0.5, 1, 6, or 24h. TRα and TRβ mRNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS F increased TRβ mRNA levels at 0.5h. After 1h, TRα levels increased with F and SI and TRβ levels decreased with SII compared with C, F, and SI. After 6h, both genes were suppressed at all concentrations. In 24h, TRα and TRβ levels were similar to those of C group. CONCLUSIONS T3 action with F began at 1h for TRα and at 0.5h for TRβ. These results suggest the importance of knowing the times and doses that activate T3 receptors in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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de Oliveira M, Luvizotto RDAM, Olimpio RMC, De Sibio MT, Conde SJ, Biz Rodrigues Silva C, Moretto FCF, Nogueira CR. Triiodothyronine increases mRNA and protein leptin levels in short time in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by PI3K pathway activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74856. [PMID: 24058635 PMCID: PMC3776751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of thyroid hormone (TH), more precisely triiodothyronine (T3), on the modulation of leptin mRNA expression and the involvement of the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in adipocytes, 3T3-L1, cell culture. We examined the involvement of this pathway in mediating TH effects by treating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with physiological (P=10nM) or supraphysiological (SI=100 nM) T3 dose during one hour (short time), in the absence or the presence of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). The absence of any treatment was considered the control group (C). RT-qPCR was used for mRNA expression analyzes. For data analyzes ANOVA complemented with Tukey’s test was used at 5% significance. T3 increased leptin mRNA expression in P (2.26 ± 0.36, p< 0.001), SI (1.99 ±0.22, p< 0.01) compared to C group (1± 0.18). This increase was completely abrogated by LY294002 in P (1.31±0.05, p< 0.001) and SI (1.33±0.31, p< 0.05). Western blotting confirmed these results at protein level, indicating the PI3K pathway dependency. To examine whether leptin is directly induced by T3, we used the translation inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). In P, the presence of CHX maintained the levels mRNA leptin, but was completely abrogated in SI (1.14±0.09, p> 0.001). These results demonstrate that the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway has a role in TH-mediated direct and indirect leptin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira M, De Sibio MT, Olimpio RMC, De Azevedo Melo Luvizotto R, Paula Lopes da Costa L, Conde SJ, Moretto FCF, Nogueira CR. Triiodothyronine increases adiponectin mRNA by indirect action in adipocytes cell culture, 3T3‐L1. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.769.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirane Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Sandro Jose Conde
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | | | - Celia Regina Nogueira
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
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Luvizon AC, De Sibio MT, Conde SJ, Luvizotto RAM, Olimpio RMC, Moretto FCF, Fecchio D, Nogueira CR. Modulation of Amphiregulin Gene Expression by Estrogen in Breast Cancer Cells. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Denise Fecchio
- Botucatu Medical School ‐ Sao Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
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De Sibio MT, Luvizon AC, Conde SJ, Oliveira M, Olimpio RMC, Moretto FCF, Melo Azevedo Luvizotto R, Fecchio D, Nogueira CR. Triiodothyronine indirectly increases amphiregulin gene expression levels via estrogen receptor activation. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.769.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | | | - Sandro Jose Conde
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | - Miriane Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Denise Fecchio
- Laboratory of PathologyFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
| | - Celia Regina Nogueira
- Laboratory of Experimental Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUNESP‐Botucatu‐SPBotucatuBrazil
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De Sibio MT, Luvizotto RAM, Olimpio RMC, Corrêa CR, Marino J, de Oliveira M, Conde SJ, Ferreira ALDA, Padovani CR, Nogueira CR. A comparative genotoxicity study of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T₃) in obese rats subjected to either calorie-restricted diet or hyperthyroidism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56913. [PMID: 23468891 PMCID: PMC3585230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the genotoxicity of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T3) in both obese and calorie-restricted obese animals. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the two following groups: control (C; n = 10) and obese (OB; n = 40). The C group received standard food, whereas the OB group was fed a hypercaloric diet for 20 weeks. After this period, half of the OB animals (n = 20) were subjected to a 25%-calorie restriction of standard diet for 8 weeks forming thus a new group (OR), whereas the remaining OB animals were kept on the initial hypercaloric diet. During the following two weeks, 10 OR animals continued on the calorie restriction diet, whereas the remaining 10 rats of this group formed a new group (ORS) given a supraphysiological dose of T3 (25 µg/100 g body weight) along with the calorie restriction diet. Similarly, the remaining OB animals were divided into two groups, one that continued on the hypercaloric diet (OB, n = 10), and one that received the supraphysiological dose of T3 (25 µg/100 g body weight) along with the hypercaloric diet (OS, n = 10) for two weeks. The OB group showed weight gain, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, increased leptin levels and genotoxicity; T3 administration in OS animals led to an increase in genotoxicity and oxidative stress when compared with the OB group. The OR group showed weight loss and normalized levels of adiposity, insulin resistance, serum leptin and genotoxicity, thus having features similar to those of the C group. On the other hand, the ORS group, compared to OR animals, showed higher genotoxicity. Our results indicate that regardless of diet, a supraphysiological dose of T3 causes genotoxicity and potentiates oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School - University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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De Sibio MT, Azevedo Melo Luvizotto R, Conde SJ, Olimpio RMC, Oliveira M, Perone D, Ferreira ALDA, Corrêa CR, Nogueira CR. ACTION MECHANISM OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) ON AMPHIREGULIN (AR) GENE EXPRESSION IN BREAST CARCINOMA CELL LINE MCF‐7. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.979.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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