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Farder-Gomes CF, de Oliveira MA, Malaspina O, Nocelli RFC. Exposure of the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris to imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate, alone and in combination, impair its walking activity and fat body morphology and physiology. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123783. [PMID: 38490525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The stingless bee Melipona scutellaris performs buzz pollination, effectively pollinating several wild plants and crops with economic relevance. However, most research has focused on honeybees, leaving a significant gap in studies concerning native species, particularly regarding the impacts of pesticide combinations on these pollinators. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid (IMD), pyraclostrobin (PYR), and glyphosate (GLY) on the behavior and fat body cell morphology and physiology of M. scutellaris. Foragers were orally exposed to the different pesticides alone and in combination for 48 h. Bees fed with contaminated solution walked less, moved slower, presented morphological changes in the fat body, including vacuolization, altered cell shape and nuclei morphology, and exhibited a higher count of altered oenocytes and trophocytes. In all exposed groups, alone and in combination, the number of cells expressing caspase-3 increased, but the TLR4 number of cells expressing decreased compared to the control groups. The intensity of HSP70 immunolabeling increased compared to the control groups. However, the intensity of the immunolabeling of HSP90 decreased in the IMD, GLY, and I + G (IMD + GLY) groups but increased in I + P-exposed bees (IMD + PYR). Alternatively, exposure to PYR and P + G (PYR + GLY) did not affect the immunolabeling intensity. Our findings demonstrate the hazardous effects and environmental consequences of isolated and combined pesticides on a vital neotropical pollinator. Understanding how pesticides impact the fat body can provide crucial insights into the overall health and survival of native bee populations, which can help develop more environmentally friendly approaches to agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, 35690-000, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Cornélio Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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Paula GM, da Silva Menegasso AR, Dos-Santos-Pinto JRA, Malaspina O, Palma MS. Profiling the neuroproteomics of honeybee brain: A clue for understanding the role of neuropeptides in the modulation of aggressivity. J Proteomics 2024; 295:105089. [PMID: 38246419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The aggressivity is modulated in honeybee brain through a series of actions in cascade mode, with the participation of the neuropeptides AmAST A (59-76) and AmTRP (254-262). The aggressivity of honeybees was stimulated by injecting both neuropeptides in the hemocoel of the worker honeybees, which were submitted to behavioral assays of aggression. The brain of stinger individuals were removed by dissection and submitted to proteomic analysis; shotgun proteomic approach of honeybee brain revealed that both neuropeptides activate a series of biochemical processes responsible by production of energy, neuronal plasticity and cell protection. In addition to this, AmTRP (254-262) elicited the expression of proteins related to the processing of the potential of action and lipid metabolism; meanwhile AmAST A (59-76) elicited the metabolism of steroids and Juvenile hormone-related metabolism, amongst others. Apparently, the most complex biochemical process seems to be the regulation of ATP production, which occurs at two levels: i) by a subgroup of proteins common to the three experimental groups, which are over-/under-regulated through glycolysis, pyruvate pathway, Krebbs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation; ii) by a subgroup of proteins unique to the each experimental group, which seems to be regulated through Protein-Protein Interactions, where the protein network regulated by AmTRP (254-262) seems to be more complex than the other two experimental groups. SIGNIFICANCE: Recently we reported the effect of the neuropeptides AmAST A (59-76) and AmTRP (254-262) in the modulation of the aggressive behavior of the worker honeybees. Up to now it is known that the simple presence of the allatostatin and tachykinin-related-peptide in bee brain, is enough for inducing the aggressive behavior. However, nothing was known about how these neuropeptides perform their action, inducing the aggressive behavior. The results of the present study elucidated some of the metabolic pathways that were activated or inhibited to support the complex defensive behavior, which includes the aggressivity. These results certainly will impact the behavioral research of honeybees, since we are paving the way for understanding the molecular base of regulation, of individual /nest defense of honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mendonça Paula
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Anally R da Silva Menegasso
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
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Inês da Silva C, Victorino Nicolosi Arena M, Cristina Mathias da Silva E, Roberto Martines M, Malaspina O, Chiovatto G, de Melo Nascimento JE, Tadei R, Hartung Toppa R. Landscape and land use affect composition and nutritional values of bees' food. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120031. [PMID: 38232587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Bees are primary pollinators across various terrestrial biomes and rely heavily on floral resources for sustenance. The composition of landscapes can influence bee foraging behavior, while human activities can directly affect both the composition and nutritional value of bee food. We aimed to assess how landscape structure and land use practices can impact the composition and nutritional value of food sources for two generalist social bee species, Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica. Food samples were collected from twenty-five colonies of A. mellifera and thirteen of S. postica to examine how food composition and nutritional value may vary based on the extent of human land use and the composition of landscapes surrounding beekeeping sites. The pollen composition and nutritional value of A. mellifera were influenced by both land use practices and landscape heterogeneity. The number of patches determined total sugar and lipid content. Landscape heterogeneity affected pollen composition in S. postica, primarily due to the number of patches, while total sugar was affected by landscape diversity. Pollen nutritional value in S. postica was linked to land use, mainly meadow and vegetation, which influenced total sugar and dry matter. S. postica showed a higher sensitivity to land use changes compared to A. mellifera, which was more affected by landscape heterogeneity. Assuring landscape heterogeneity by preserving remaining forest patches around apiaries and meliponaries is crucial. Thoughtful land use planning is essential to support beekeeping activities and ensure an adequate quantity and quality of bee food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Inês da Silva
- Campus de Pesquisa do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Prédio Paulo Cavalcante, Sala 1, Avenida Perimetral, Nº 1901, Bairro Terra Firme, Cep: 66.077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264) Km 110, Itinga, 18052780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Roberto Martines
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Geografia, Turismo e Humanidades, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos Km 110, Itinga, 18052780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovani Chiovatto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafaela Tadei
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Hartung Toppa
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias para a Sustentabilidade, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264) Km 110, Itinga, 18052780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Farder-Gomes CF, Grella TC, Malaspina O, Nocelli RFC. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate harm the behavior and fat body cells of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168072. [PMID: 37879468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use in agriculture threatens non-target insects such as bees. Considering the ecological and economic relevance of native bees, such as Scaptotrigona postica, and the insufficient studies on the effects of pesticides on their behavior and physiology, improving the current knowledge on this issue is essential. Therefore, this study investigated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate on the behavior and fat body cells of S. postica. Pesticide ingestion decreased the walking distance and mean velocity of bees compared to the control and solvent control groups. The oenocytes of the control groups were spherical, with central nuclei containing decondensed chromatin, and the trophocytes presented irregular morphology, with cells varying in shape and the cytoplasm filled with vacuoles and granules. However, bees exposed to pesticides showed extensive cytoarchitectural disruption in the fat body, such as vacuolization and shape changes in oenocytes and altered nuclei morphology in trophocytes. Moreover, pesticide exposure increased the number of atypical oenocytes and altered trophocytes, except for the PYR group, which showed a lower number of atypical oenocytes. Caspase-positive labeling significantly increased in all exposed bee groups. Alternatively, TLR4 labeling was significantly decreased in the exposed groups compared to the control groups. There was a significant increase in HSP90 immunolabeling in all exposed groups compared to the control. These findings reinforce the importance of research on the sublethal effects of low pesticide concentrations on key neotropical pollinators and prove that these toxic substances can impair their detoxification and immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP 13.600-970, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Caroline Grella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Cornélio Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP 13.600-970, Brazil.
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Domingues CEC, Inoue LVB, Gregorc A, Ansaloni LS, Malaspina O, Mathias da Silva EC. Ultrastructural Changes in the Midgut of Brazilian Native Stingless Bee Melipona scutellaris Exposed to Fungicide Pyraclostrobin. Toxics 2023; 11:1028. [PMID: 38133429 PMCID: PMC10748086 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Melipona scutellaris is a Brazilian stingless bee that is important for pollinating wild flora and agriculture crops. Fungicides have been widely used in agriculture, and floral residues can affect forager bees. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of pyraclostrobin on the midgut ultrastructure of M. scutellaris forager workers. The bees were collected from three non-parental colonies and kept under laboratory conditions. The bees were orally exposed continuously for five days to pyraclostrobin in syrup at concentrations of 0.125 ng a.i./µL (FG1) and 0.005 ng a.i./µL (FG2). The control bees (CTL) were fed a no-fungicide sucrose solution, and the acetone solvent control bees (CAC) received a sucrose solution containing acetone. At the end of the exposure, the midguts were sampled, fixed in Karnovsky solution, and routinely processed for transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that both the fungicide concentrations altered the midgut, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization (more intense in FG1), the presence of an atypical nuclear morphology, and slightly dilated mitochondrial cristae in the bees from the FG1 and FG2 groups (both more intense in FG1). Additionally, there was an alteration in the ultrastructure of the spherocrystals (FG1), which could be the result of cellular metabolism impairment and the excretion of toxic metabolites in the digestive cells as a response to fungicide exposure. The results indicate that ingested pyraclostrobin induced cytotoxic effects in the midgut of native stingless bees. These cellular ultrastructural responses of the midgut are a prelude to a reduced survival rate, as observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio E. C. Domingues
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia (L.S.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)—“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.B.I.); (O.M.)
| | - Lais V. B. Inoue
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)—“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.B.I.); (O.M.)
| | - Aleš Gregorc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia (L.S.A.)
| | - Leticia S. Ansaloni
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia (L.S.A.)
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)—“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.B.I.); (O.M.)
| | - Elaine C. Mathias da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Análise de Integridade Ambiental (LEIA), Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, SP, Brazil;
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Tadei R, Menezes-Oliveira VB, Silva CI, Mathias da Silva EC, Malaspina O. Sensitivity of the Neotropical Solitary Bee Centris analis F. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) to the Reference Insecticide Dimethoate for Pesticide Risk Assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:2758-2767. [PMID: 37638658 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, only Apis mellifera is used in environmental regulation to evaluate the hazard of pesticides to pollinators. The low representativeness of pollinators and bee diversity in this approach may result in insufficient protection for the wild species. This scenario is intensified in tropical environments, where little is known about the effects of pesticides on solitary bees. We aimed to calculate the medium lethal dose (LD50) and medium lethal concentration (LC50) of the insecticide dimethoate in the Neotropical solitary bee Centris analis, a cavity-nesting, oil-collecting bee distributed from Brazil to Mexico. Males and females of C. analis were exposed orally to dimethoate for 48 h under laboratory conditions. Lethality was assessed every 24 h until 144 h after the beginning of the test. After the LD50 calculation, we compared the value with available LD50 values in the literature of other bee species using the species sensitivity distribution curve. In 48 h of exposure, males showed an LD50 value 1.33 times lower than females (32.78 and 43.84 ng active ingredient/bee, respectively). Centris analis was more sensitive to dimethoate than the model species A. mellifera and the solitary bee from temperate zones, Osmia lignaria. However, on a body weight basis, C. analis and A. mellifera had similar LD50 values. Ours is the first study that calculated an LD50 for a Neotropical solitary bee. Besides, the results are of crucial importance for a better understanding of the effects of pesticides on the tropical bee fauna and will help to improve the risk assessment of pesticides to bees under tropical conditions, giving attention to wild species, which are commonly neglected. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2758-2767. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Tadei
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Menezes-Oliveira
- Course Coordination on Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Claudia I Silva
- Consultoria Inteligente em Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Paula Salomé Lourencetti A, Azevedo P, Miotelo L, Malaspina O, Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli R. Reply to the letter to the editor regarding the article Lourencetti et al. (2023). Environ Pollut 2023; 330:121785. [PMID: 37196839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Salomé Lourencetti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Meio Ambiente, Grupo de Pesquisa Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia, Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" campus Rio Claro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" campus Rio Claro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Meio Ambiente, Grupo de Pesquisa Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Araras, SP, Brazil
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Salomé Lourencetti AP, Azevedo P, Miotelo L, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Reply to the letter to the editor regarding the article Lourencetti et al. (2023). Environ Pollut 2023:121706. [PMID: 37172773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Salomé Lourencetti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Meio Ambiente, Grupo de Pesquisa Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia, Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" campus Rio Claro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" campus Rio Claro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Meio Ambiente, Grupo de Pesquisa Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Araras, SP, Brazil
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Lourencetti APS, Azevedo P, Miotelo L, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Surrogate species in pesticide risk assessments: Toxicological data of three stingless bees species. Environ Pollut 2023; 318:120842. [PMID: 36509344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discussions about environmental risk reassessment of pesticides have grown in the last decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions since the diversity of bee species in these places is quite different. Stingless bees are highly affected by pesticides, and toxicity information is necessary to include them in the regulatory process of countries that hosts a diversity of these species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50), estimate the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) and compared the sensitivity of three species of stingless bees exposed to the commercial formulation of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX). The LD50 was estimated based on the LC50 determined in the present study (LC50 = 0.329 ng a.i./μL for Tetragonisca angustula; 0.624 ng a.i./μL for Scaptotrigona postica, and 0.215 ng a.i./μL for Melipona scutellaris). Considering these data, toxicity endpoints were used to fit species sensitive distribution curves (SSD) and determine the sensitivity ratio. The results showed that all the stingless bees tested are more sensitive to TMX than the Apis mellifera, the model organism used in ecotoxicological tests. Regarding the oral LC50, the most susceptible and most tolerant species were M. scutellaris > T. angustula > S. postica > A. mellifera. Following the same evaluated pattern, for the LD50 (considering the weight of the bees - ng a.i./g bee), we have: M. scutellaris > S. postica > T. angustula > A. mellifera, and without the weight considered (ng a.i./bee): T. angustula > M. scutellaris > S. postica > A. mellifera. The different sensitivities among stingless bee species highlight the importance of inserting more than one surrogate species with a variety of sizes in research and protocol development. Additionally, the research suggests the need to investigate patterns regarding the influence of body mass on pesticide sensitivity among stingless bee species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Salomé Lourencetti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia (IB), Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Araras, SP, Brazil
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Rosa-Fontana AS, Dorigo AS, Malaquias JB, Pachú JKS, Nocelli RCF, Tosi S, Malaspina O. Fungivorous mites enhance the survivorship and development of stingless bees even when exposed to pesticides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20948. [PMID: 36470975 PMCID: PMC9722777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stingless bees are the largest group of eusocial bees in the world. They play an essential role as crop pollinators and have been considered for inclusion in pesticide risk assessments (RAs). Beyond the mutualism involving stingless bee larvae and fungi, the fungivorous mite Proctotydaeus (Neotydeolus) alvearii proved to be interesting for studies of associations with stingless bees. Their presence is related to colony strength and health, showing a permanent-host-association level. Here, we tested whether the coexistence with P. (N.) alvearii affects stingless bee larvae survivorship and development, including when fed pesticide-dosed food. We chose dimethoate, the reference standard for toxicity tests, and thiamethoxam, widely used in neotropical crops and listed to be reassessed in RAs. Bees associated with the mites showed higher larval survivorship rates, even in the dosed ones, and revealed changes in the developmental time and body size. Our study represents the first approach to stingless bee responses to the coexistence of fungivorous mites inside brood cells, leading us to believe that these mites play a beneficial role in stingless bees, including when they are exposed to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise S. Rosa-Fontana
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XState University of Sao Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP Brazil
| | - Adna Suelen Dorigo
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XState University of Sao Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP Brazil
| | - José Bruno Malaquias
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Jéssica K. S. Pachú
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | - Roberta C. F. Nocelli
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XCentre of Agrarian Science, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Araras, SP Brazil ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Simone Tosi
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XState University of Sao Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP Brazil
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11
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Miotelo L, Ferro M, Maloni G, Otero IVR, Nocelli RCF, Bacci M, Malaspina O. Transcriptomic analysis of Malpighian tubules from the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris reveals thiamethoxam-induced damages. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:158086. [PMID: 35985603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concern about pesticide exposure to neotropical bees has been increasing in the last few years, and knowledge gaps have been identified. Although stingless bees, (e.g.: Melipona scutellaris), are more diverse than honeybees and they stand out in the pollination of several valuable economical crops, toxicity assessments with stingless bees are still scarce. Nowadays new approaches in ecotoxicological studies, such as omic analysis, were pointed out as a strategy to reveal mechanisms of how bees deal with these stressors. To date, no molecular techniques have been applied for the evaluation of target and/or non-target organs in stingless bees, such as the Malpighian tubules (Mt). Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Mt of M. scutellaris after one and eight days of exposure to LC50/100 (0.000543 ng a.i./μL) of thiamethoxam (TMX). Through functional annotation analysis of four transcriptome libraries, the time course line approach revealed 237 DEGs (nine clusters) associated with carbon/energy metabolism and cellular processes (lysosomes, autophagy, and glycan degradation). The expression profiles of Mt were altered by TMX in processes, such as detoxification, excretion, tissue regeneration, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Transcriptome analysis showed that cell metabolism in Mt was mainly affected after 8 days of exposure. Nine genes were selected from different clusters and validated by RT-qPCR. According to our findings, TMX promotes several types of damage in Mt cells at the molecular level. Therefore, interference of different cellular processes directly affects the health of M. scutellaris by compromising the function of Mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miotelo
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Milene Ferro
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovana Maloni
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Vinicius Ramos Otero
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Bacci
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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12
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da Costa Domingues CE, Sarmento AMP, Capela NXJ, Costa JM, Mina RMR, da Silva AA, Reis AR, Valente C, Malaspina O, Azevedo-Pereira HMVS, Sousa JP. Monitoring the effects of field exposure of acetamiprid to honey bee colonies in Eucalyptus monoculture plantations. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157030. [PMID: 35777572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus plantations occupy 26 % of Portuguese forested areas. Its flowers constitute important sources for bees and beekeepers take advantage of this and keep their honey bee colonies within or near the plantations for honey production. Nonetheless, these plantations are susceptible to pests, such as the eucalyptus weevil Gonipterus platensis. To control this weevil, some plantations must be treated with pesticides, which might harm non-target organisms. This study aimed to perform a multifactorial assessment of the health status and development of Apis mellifera iberiensis colonies in two similar landscape windows dominated by Eucalyptus globulus plantations - one used as control and the other with insecticide treatment. In each of the two selected areas, an apiary with five hives was installed and monitored before and after a single application of the insecticide acetamiprid (40 g a.i./ha). Colony health and development, resources use, and pesticide residues accumulation were measured. The results showed that the application of acetamiprid in this area did not alter the health status and development of the colonies. This can be explained by the low levels of residues of acetamiprid detected only in pollen and bee bread samples, ~52 fold lower than the sublethal effect threshold. This could be attributed to the low offer of resources during and after the application event and within the application area, with the consequent foraging outside the sprayed area during that period. Since exposure to pesticides in such complex landscapes seems to be dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of resources, we highlight some key monitoring parameters and tools that are able to provide reliable information on colony development and use of resources. These tools can be easily applied and can provide a better decision-taking of pesticide application in intensive production systems to decrease the risk of exposure for honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Eduardo da Costa Domingues
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia; Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil; Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Artur Miguel Paiva Sarmento
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Xavier Jesus Capela
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rúben Miguel Rodrigues Mina
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Alves da Silva
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Reis
- Altri Florestal, SA, Quinta do Furadouro, 2510-582 Olho Marinho, Portugal
| | - Carlos Valente
- RAIZ - Instituto de Investigação da Floresta e Papel, Quinta de São Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Henrique M V S Azevedo-Pereira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Inoue LVB, Domingues CEC, Gregorc A, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Malaspina O. Harmful Effects of Pyraclostrobin on the Fat Body and Pericardial Cells of Foragers of Africanized Honey Bee. Toxics 2022; 10:530. [PMID: 36136494 PMCID: PMC9501569 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Managed honey bees are daily exposed in agricultural settings or wild environments to multiple stressors. Currently, fungicide residues are increasingly present in bees' pollen and nectar and can harm colonies' production and survival. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the fat body and pericardial cells of Africanized honey bees. The foragers were divided into three experimental treatment groups and two controls: pyraclostrobin 0.125 ng/µL (FG1), 0.025 ng/µL (FG2), 0.005 ng/µL (FG3), untreated control (CTL), and acetone control (CAC). After five days of oral exposure (ad libitum), the bees were dissected and prepared for histopathological and morphometric analysis. The FG1-treated bees showed extensive cytoarchitecture changes in the fat body and pericardial cells, inducing cell death. Bees from the FG2 group showed disarranged oenocytes, peripheral vacuolization, and pyknotic nuclei of pericardial cells, but the cytoarchitecture was not compromised as observed in FG1. Additionally, immune system cells were observed through the fat body in the FG1 group. Bees exposed to FG3 demonstrated only oenocytes vacuolization. A significant decrease in the oenocyte's surface area for bees exposed to all pyraclostrobin concentrations was observed compared to the CTL and CAC groups. The bees from the FG1 and FG2 treatment groups presented a reduced surface area of pericardial cells compared to the controls and the FG3 group. This study highlighted the harmful effects of fungicide pyraclostrobin concentrations at the individual bee cellular level, potentially harming the colony level on continuous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais V. B. Inoue
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio E. C. Domingues
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Gregorc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Elaine C. M. Silva-Zacarin
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Análise de Integridade Ambiental (LEIA), Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
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14
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Azevedo P, Butolo NP, de Alencar LD, Lima HMS, Sales VR, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Optimization of in vitro culture of honeybee nervous tissue for pesticide risk assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105437. [PMID: 35839977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The most used pesticides have neurotoxic action on the neurotransmitter system of target and non-targeted insects, such as honeybees. However, honeybees have foremost importance worldwide, which has encouraged the development of tools to evaluate the action of specific pesticide molecules on their nervous system, providing accurate data on damage to their brain. In this sense, our study aimed to optimize in vitro honeybee nervous tissue culture to assess pesticide risks. To this end, six forager honeybee brains were dissected and transferred to different combinations of Leibovitz-15 (L-15) culture medium supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), and Insect Medium Supplement (IMS). Nervous tissues were collected after different incubation times (1, 6, 12, and 24 h) for morphology and Kenyon cell analyses. Our results showed that L-15 medium supplemented with HBSS and with HBSS plus FBS were the best media for culturing honey nervous tissue, as they resulted in less tissue spacing and cell disarrangement. Therefore, they may be assessed in future ecotoxicological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nicole Pavan Butolo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Delmondes de Alencar
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia, Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hellen Maria Soares Lima
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Ribeiro Sales
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo de Abelhas e Serviços Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, campus Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo de Abelhas e Serviços Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, campus Araras, SP, Brazil
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15
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Miotelo L, Mendes Dos Reis AL, Rosa-Fontana A, Karina da Silva Pachú J, Malaquias JB, Malaspina O, Roat TC. A food-ingested sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam has harmful effects on the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132461. [PMID: 34624342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of bee's biodiversity in the Neotropical region has been evidencing the relevance of including native bees in risk assessments. Therefore, the sublethal effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam on the survival and morphological parameters of the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris were investigated in the present study. Cells from both non-target organs (Malpighian tubules and midgut) and target organs (brain) were analyzed for morphological alterations using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The findings showed that when M. scutellaris foragers were exposed to a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam (LC50/100 = 0.000543 ng a. i./μL), longevity was not reduced but brain function was affected, even with the non-target organs attempting to detoxify. The cellular damage in all the organs was mostly reflected in irregular nuclei shape and condensed chromatin, indicating cell death. The most frequent impairments in the Malpighian tubules were loss of microvilli, disorganization of the basal labyrinth, and cytoplasmic loss. These characteristics are related to an attempt by the cells to increase the excretion process, probably because of the high number of toxic molecules that reach the Malpighian tubules and need to be secreted. In general, damages that compromise the absorption of nutrients, excretion, memory, and learning processes, which are essential for the survival of M. scutellaris, were found. The present results also fill in gaps on how these bees respond to thiamethoxam exposure and will be useful in future risk assessments for the conservation of bee biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miotelo
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Mendes Dos Reis
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Annelise Rosa-Fontana
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Karina da Silva Pachú
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - José Bruno Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences e IBB, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-693, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Tadei R, Silva CI, Decio P, Silva‐Zacarin ECM, Malaspina O. Method for maintaining adult solitary bee
Centris analis
under laboratory conditions. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Tadei
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences UNESP São Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Cláudia Inês Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring Biology Department Federal University of São Carlos UFSCar Sorocaba Brazil
| | - Pâmela Decio
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring Biology Department Federal University of São Carlos UFSCar Sorocaba Brazil
| | - Elaine C. M. Silva‐Zacarin
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring Biology Department Federal University of São Carlos UFSCar Sorocaba Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences UNESP São Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil
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17
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Butolo NP, Azevedo P, Alencar LD, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Impact of low temperatures on the immune system of honeybees. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103082. [PMID: 34879910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in temperature resulting from climate change can impact the distribution and survival of species, including bees, where temperature may also affect their immune system. Evaluation of immune system activity is often performed by the total count of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph. However, there are few studies on bees examining the relationship between the amount of circulating hemocytes and temperature. This study evaluated changes of circulating hemocytes in Apis mellifera hemolymph at different temperatures and development stages. Total hemocytes of bees were determined at - 8, 16, 24, and 32 °C - and at different development stages - in vivo larvae, in vitro larvae, newly emerged, and forager bees. A. mellifera larvae had a greater number of circulating hemocytes compared to the other development stages (newly emerged and foragers). Additionally, temperature was an important factor explaining variation of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph, according to principal component analyses (PCA), as the number of circulating hemocytes was greater at higher temperatures. Therefore, extreme events arising from climate change, such as variation in temperature, can directly impact the immune system of bees, both individually and at the colony level, threatening the distribution and survival of several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Butolo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais - CEIS, Instituto de Biociências - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - P Azevedo
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - L D Alencar
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - O Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais - CEIS, Instituto de Biociências - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - R C F Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar-SP), Araras, SP, Brazil
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18
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Roberto de Oliveira P, Kalinke C, Alves Bonacin J, Malaspina O, Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli R, Campos Janegitz B. Propolis green biofilm for the immobilization of carbon nanotubes and metallic ions: Development of redox catalysts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Decio P, Miotelo L, Pereira FDC, Roat TC, Marin-Morales MA, Malaspina O. Enzymatic responses in the head and midgut of Africanized Apis mellifera contaminated with a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 223:112581. [PMID: 34352576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of insecticides, promoted by the intensification of agriculture, has raised concerns about their influence on the decline of bee colonies, which play a fundamental role in pollination. Thus, it is fundamental to elucidate the effects of insecticides on bees. This study investigated the damage caused by a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam - TMX (0.0227 ng/μL of feed) in the head and midgut of Africanized Apis mellifera, by analyzing the enzymatic biomarkers, oxidative stress, and occurrence of lipid peroxidation. The data showed that the insecticide increased acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), whereas carboxylesterase (CaE3) activity decreased in the heads. Our results indicate that the antioxidant enzymes were less active in the head because only glutathione peroxidase (GPX) showed alterations. In the midgut, there were no alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) responses and a decrease in the activity of CaE was observed. Otherwise, there was an increase in GPX, and the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) assay also showed differences in the midgut. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) assay also showed differences in the midgut. The results showed enzymes such as CaE3, GST, AChE, ALP, SOD, and GPX, as well as the TBARS assay, are useful biomarkers on bees. They may be used in combination as a promising tool for characterizing bee exposure to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Dani Campos Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil; NUPEFEN - Núcleo de pesquisas em Educação Física, Estética e Nutrição, Claretiano University Center, Avenida Santo Antônio Maria Claret, 1724. CEP: 13503-257, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24A, 1515. CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Decio P, Ustaoglu P, Roat TC, Malaspina O, Devaud JM, Stöger R, Soller M. Author Correction: Acute thiamethoxam toxicity in honeybees is not enhanced by common fungicide and herbicide and lacks stress-induced changes in mRNA splicing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19103. [PMID: 34548569 PMCID: PMC8455522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pinar Ustaoglu
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ground Floor, Flowers Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thaisa C Roat
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Devaud
- Research Center On Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham/Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Matthias Soller
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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21
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da Silveira MB, Pansa CC, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. The functional activity of the miR-1914-5p in lipid metabolism of the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2: a potential molecular tool for controlling hepatic cellular migration. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3463-3474. [PMID: 33907947 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer in the world with high mortality rate and new therapies that control of fatty acid metabolism may limit the proliferation of cancer cells. In the last two decades, the non-coding RNAs have been considered as promising molecular tools to treat diseases, because they are able to modulate gene expression and the metabolic routes; however, deep investigation of their mechanistic behavior in pathologies must be performed. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the modulatory effect of the miR-1914-5p in controlling lipid metabolism in HepG2, a widely used human hepatocarcinoma cell line. The molecular and cellular analyses demonstrated that the functional inhibition of the investigated microRNA completely changed the cellular metabolism and behavior, compared to control groups. The in vitro inhibition of the miR-1914-5p increased the energy expenditure pointed in different analyses, decreasing cell doubling time and migration rate verified in wound healing and in the classical transwell chambers invasion assays, which makes the miR-1914-5p a candidate for further translational and preclinical studies to validate its function in controlling metastasis in liver cancer or even treat those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristiane Pansa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Instituto de Biociência, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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22
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Decio P, Ustaoglu P, Derecka K, Hardy ICW, Roat TC, Malaspina O, Mongan N, Stöger R, Soller M. Thiamethoxam exposure deregulates short ORF gene expression in the honey bee and compromises immune response to bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1489. [PMID: 33452318 PMCID: PMC7811001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximizing crop yields relies on the use of agrochemicals to control insect pests. One of the most widely used classes of insecticides are neonicotinoids that interfere with signalling of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, but these can also disrupt crop-pollination services provided by bees. Here, we analysed whether chronic low dose long-term exposure to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam alters gene expression and alternative splicing in brains of Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera, as adaptation to altered neuronal signalling. We find differentially regulated genes that show concentration-dependent responses to thiamethoxam, but no changes in alternative splicing. Most differentially expressed genes have no annotated function but encode short Open Reading Frames, a characteristic feature of anti-microbial peptides. As this suggested that immune responses may be compromised by thiamethoxam exposure, we tested the impact of thiamethoxam on bee immunity by injecting bacteria. We show that intrinsically sub-lethal thiamethoxam exposure makes bees more vulnerable to normally non-pathogenic bacteria. Our findings imply a synergistic mechanism for the observed bee population declines that concern agriculturists, conservation ecologists and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Pinar Ustaoglu
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Kamila Derecka
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Ian C. W. Hardy
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Thaisa C. Roat
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Nigel Mongan
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Matthias Soller
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Miotelo L, Mendes Dos Reis AL, Malaquias JB, Malaspina O, Roat TC. Apis mellifera and Melipona scutellaris exhibit differential sensitivity to thiamethoxam. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115770. [PMID: 33045589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apis mellifera is a pollinator insect model in pesticide risk assessment tests for bees. However, given the economic and ecological importance of stingless bees such as Melipona scutellaris in the Neotropical region, as well as the lack of studies on the effect of insecticides on these bees, toxicity tests for stingless bees should be carried out to understand whether insecticides affect both species of bees in the same manner. Thus, the present study quantified the differential sensitivity of the bees M. scutellaris and A. mellifera to the oral ingestion of the insecticide thiamethoxam by determining the mean lethal concentration (LC50), mean lethal time (LT50), and their effect on the insecticide target organ, the brain. The results showed that the stingless bee is more sensitive to the insecticide than A. mellifera, with a lower LC50 of 0.0543 ng active ingredient (a.i.)/μL for the stingless bee compared to 0.227 ng a.i./μL for A. mellifera. When exposed to a sublethal concentration, morphological and ultrastructural analyses were performed and evidenced a significant increase in spaces between nerve cells of both species. Thus, A. mellifera is not the most appropriate or unique model to determine the toxicity of insecticides to stingless bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Mendes Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Bruno Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences - IBB, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-693, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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da Costa Domingues CE, Bello Inoue LV, da Silva-Zacarin ECM, Malaspina O. Fungicide pyraclostrobin affects midgut morphophysiology and reduces survival of Brazilian native stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111395. [PMID: 33031995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Native stingless bees are key pollinators of native flora and important for many crops. However, the loss of natural fragments and exposure to pesticides can hinder the development of colonies and represent a high risk for them. Nevertheless, most studies are conducted with honeybees and there are not many studies on native species, especially in relation to the effects of fungicides on them. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentrations of pyraclostrobin, on Melipona scutellaris forager workers. These Brazilian native stingless bees were submitted to continuous oral exposure to three concentrations of pyraclostrobin in sirup: 0.125 ng a.i./µL (P1), 0.025 ng a.i./µL (P2), and 0.005 ng a.i./µL (P3). Histopathological and histochemical parameters of midgut, as well as survival rate were evaluated. All concentrations of fungicide showed an increase in the midgut lesion index and morphological signs of cell death, such as cytoplasmic vacuolizations, presence of atypical nuclei or pyknotic nuclei. Histochemical analyzes revealed a decreased marking of polysaccharides and neutral glycoconjugates both in the villi and in peritrophic membrane in all exposed-groups in relation to control-groups. P1 and P2 groups presented a reduction in total protein marking in digestive cells in relation to control groups. As a consequence of alteration in the midgut, all groups exposed to fungicide showed a reduced survival rate. These findings demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of pyraclostrobin can lead to significant adverse effects in stingless bees. These effects on social native bees indicate the need for reassessment of the safety of fungicides to bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Eduardo da Costa Domingues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lais Vieira Bello Inoue
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva-Zacarin
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Biologia (DBio), NuPECA (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecotoxicologia e Conservação de Abelhas), Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Análise de Integridade Ambiental (LEIA), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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25
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Roat TC, Santos-Pinto JRAD, Miotelo L, de Souza CL, Palma MS, Malaspina O. Using a toxicoproteomic approach to investigate the effects of thiamethoxam into the brain of Apis mellifera. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127362. [PMID: 32947664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids have been described as toxic to bees. In this context, the A. mellifera foragers were exposed to a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam (LC50/100: 0,0227 ng de thiamethoxam/μL-1 diet), a neurotoxic insecticide, for 8 days; and it was decided to investigate the insecticide effect on the brain by a shotgun proteomic approach followed by label-free quantitative-based proteomics. A total of 401 proteins were identified in the control group (CG); and a total of 350 proteins in the thiamethoxam exposed group (TMX). Quantitative proteomics data showed up 251 proteins with significant quantitative values in the TMX group. These findings demonstrated the occurrence of shared and unique proteins with altered expression in the TMX group, such as ATP synthase subunit beta, heat shock protein cognate 4, spectrin beta chain-like, mushroom body large-type Kenyon cell-specific protein 1-like, tubulin alpha-1 chain-like, arginine kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, odorant receptor, glutamine synthetase, glutamate receptor, and cytochrome P450 4c3. Meanwhile, the proteins that were expressed uniquely in the TMX group are involved mainly in the phosphorylation, cellular protein modification, and cell surface receptor signalling processes. Interaction network results showed that identified proteins are present in five different metabolic pathways - oxidative stress, cytoskeleton control, visual process, olfactory memory, and glutamate metabolism. Our scientific outcomes demonstrated that a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam can impair biological processes and important metabolic pathways, causing damage to the nervous system of bees, and in the long term, can compromise the nutrition and physiology of individuals from the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa C Roat
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lacerra de Souza
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Eduardo da Costa Domingues C, Bello Inoue LV, Mathias da Silva-Zacarin EC, Malaspina O. Foragers of Africanized honeybee are more sensitive to fungicide pyraclostrobin than newly emerged bees. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115267. [PMID: 32822922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee has economic importance both for the commercial value of bee products and for its role in the pollination of agricultural crops. Despite the fact that the fungicides are widely used in agriculture, studies comparing the effects of this group of pesticides on bees are still scarce. There are many gaps preventing the understanding of bees' responses to exposure to fungicides, including the influence of the age of the exposed workers. However, this study aimed to compare the effects of residual concentrations of pyraclostrobin on young and old bees of Africanized Apis mellifera. The parameters analyzed were the survival rates, as well as the histopathological and histochemical changes in midgut of orally exposed workers to different sublethal concentrations of this strobilurin fungicide: 0.125 ng a.i./μL (C1), 0.025 ng a.i./μL (C2) e 0.005 ng a.i./μL (C3). The results showed a significant decrease in the longevity only for old bees exposed to the three concentrations of pyraclostrobin. After the five-day exposure period, the fungicide induced sublethal effects in the midgut only from the old bees. These effects were the increase both in cytoplasmic vacuolization of digestive cells and morphological changes in the nests of regenerative cells, which reflected in the higher lesion index of organ for groups C1 and C2. Additionally, there was a reduction in total protein staining in the intestinal epithelium in C1 and C2. At the same exposure period, the midgut of young bees presented only a reduction in the staining of neutral polysaccharides in the group C1. Concluding, old workers are more sensitive to the fungicide than young workers. This study showed different responses according to worker age, which can affect the maintenance of colony health. Future studies should take into account the age of the workers to better understand the effects of fungicides on bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Eduardo da Costa Domingues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lais Vieira Bello Inoue
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva-Zacarin
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Biologia (DBio), Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Análise de Integridade Ambiental (LEIA), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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27
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Rosa-Fontana ADS, Dorigo AS, Soares-Lima HM, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O. Is the Water Supply a Key Factor in Stingless Bees' Intoxication? J Insect Sci 2020; 20:5978896. [PMID: 33180943 PMCID: PMC7660144 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water is an important resource for stingless bees, serving for both honey dilution and the composition of larval food inside nests, yet can be an important route of exposure to pesticides. Assuming bees can forage naturally on pesticide-contaminated or noncontaminated areas, we investigated whether water supply influences the choice between neonicotinoid-dosed or nondosed feeders and on mortality of the stingless bee, Melipona scutellaris (Latreille, Hymenoptera, Apidae). At the field concentration, there was no significant mortality; however, the bees were not able to distinguish the feeders. In the cages containing high-concentration feeders, with water supply, the bees preferred nondosed food, and with no water, the mortality increased. Considering that in the field it is common to find extrapolated concentrations, our work suggested that water may allow avoidance of high dosed food and minimize mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise de Souza Rosa-Fontana
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais – CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Adna Suelen Dorigo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais – CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Hellen Maria Soares-Lima
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais – CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais – CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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28
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de Souza DC, Orzari LO, de Oliveira PR, Kalinke C, Bonacin JA, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF, Janegitz BC. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Beeswax and Carbon Black Thin Biofilms for Determination of Paraquat in Apis mellifera Honey. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Rosa-Fontana A, Dorigo AS, Galaschi-Teixeira JS, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O. What is the most suitable native bee species from the Neotropical region to be proposed as model-organism for toxicity tests during the larval phase? Environ Pollut 2020; 265:114849. [PMID: 32504976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Brazil has a full framework for pesticide risk assessment established for Apis mellifera, based on the North American approach. However, the use of Apis mellifera as model-organism as a surrogate for Brazilian native species of stingless bees has been questioned. Assessments on other stages of development than adult individual are essential. Our study aimed to standardize in vitro larval rearing method for the stingless bee species Scaptotrigona postica and Tetragonisca angustula, comparing the results to those obtained for M. scutellaris (previously described), for proposing the most suitable one for using in toxicological larval tests. We used the most efficient method for determining the toxicity of dimethoate on S. postica larvae. We presented the first comparative approach of responses to in vitro larval rearing methods among native bee species from Neotropical region, for use in risk assessment. Our results showed that S. postica was the most suitable native species to be proposed as model-organism. In addition, our results are also very useful for a ring test to validate the method, in accordance to OECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Rosa-Fontana
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Social Insect Study Center 24A Avenue 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adna Suelen Dorigo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Social Insect Study Center 24A Avenue 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta C F Nocelli
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Anhanguera Road Km 174, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Social Insect Study Center 24A Avenue 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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30
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Butolo NP, Azevedo P, de Alencar LD, Domingues CEC, Miotelo L, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. A high quality method for hemolymph collection from honeybee larvae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234637. [PMID: 32555675 PMCID: PMC7302910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The drastic decline of bees is associated with several factors, including the immune system suppression due to the increased exposure to pesticides. A widely used method to evaluate these effects on these insects' immune systems is the counting of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph. However, the extraction of hemolymph from larvae is quite difficult, and the collected material is frequently contaminated with other tissues and gastrointestinal fluids, which complicates counting. Therefore, the present work established a high quality and easily reproducible method of extracting hemolymph from honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera), the extraction with ophthalmic scissors. Extraction methods with the following tools also were tested: 30G needle, fine-tipped forceps, hypodermic syringe, and capillaries tubes. The hemolymph was obtained via an incision on the larvae’s right side for all methods, except for the extraction with ophthalmic scissors, in which the hemolymph was extracted from the head region. To assess the purity of the collected material, turbidity analyses of the samples using a turbidimeter were proposed, tested, and evaluated. The results showed that the use of ophthalmic scissors provided the clearest samples and was free from contamination. A reference range between 22,432.35 and 24,504.87 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) was established, in which the collected samples may be considered of high quality and free from contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pavan Butolo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (NPB); (PA)
| | - Patricia Azevedo
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia–Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (NPB); (PA)
| | - Luciano Delmondes de Alencar
- Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Instituto de Biologia–Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP-SP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio E. C. Domingues
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais–CEIS, Instituto de Biociências–Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar-SP), Araras, SP, Brazil
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Guimarães-Cestaro L, Martins MF, Martínez LC, Alves MLTMF, Guidugli-Lazzarini KR, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O, Serrão JE, Teixeira ÉW. Occurrence of virus, microsporidia, and pesticide residues in three species of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in the field. Naturwissenschaften 2020; 107:16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-020-1670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Silva CM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of silymarin on the transdifferentiation processes of LX-2 cells and its connection with lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:129-142. [PMID: 32185674 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis process in the liver is a clinical condition established in response to chronic lesions and may be reversible in many situations. In this process, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activate and produce extracellular matrix compounds. During fibrosis, the lipid metabolism is also altered and contributes to the transdifferentiation of the HSCs. Thus, controlling lipid metabolism in HSCs is suggested as a method to control or reverse the fibrotic condition. In the search for therapies that modulate lipid metabolism and treat liver diseases, silymarin has been identified as a relevant natural compound to treat liver pathologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of silymarin in the transdifferentiation process of HSCs (LX-2) from activated phenotype to a more quiesced-like cells , also focusing on understanding the modulatory effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism of HSCs. In our analyses, 100 µM of silymarin reduced the synthesis of actin filaments in activated cells, the synthesis of the protein level of α-SMA, and other pro-fibrotic factors such as CTGF and PFGF. The concentration of 150 µM silymarin did not reverse the activation aspects of LX-2 cells. However, both evaluated concentrations of the natural compound protected the cells from the negative effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, we evaluated lipid-related molecules correlated to the transdifferentiation process of LX-2, and 100 µM of silymarin demonstrated to control molecules associated with lipid metabolism such as FASN, MLYCD, ACSL4, CPTs, among others. In contrast, cellular incubation with 150 µM of silymarin increased the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides, regarding the higher presence of DMSO (v/v) in the solvent. In conclusion, silymarin acts as a hepatoprotective agent and modulates the pro-fibrogenic stimuli of LX-2 cells, whose effects depend on stress levels in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Mateus Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Departamento de Física E Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Pratavieira M, da Silva Menegasso AR, Roat T, Malaspina O, Palma MS. In Situ Metabolomics of the Honeybee Brain: The Metabolism of l-Arginine through the Polyamine Pathway in the Proboscis Extension Response (PER). J Proteome Res 2020; 19:832-844. [PMID: 31859515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proboscis extension response (PER) reflex may be used to condition the pairing of an odor with sucrose, which is applied to the antennae, in experiments to induce learning, where the odor represents a conditioned stimulus, while sucrose represents an unconditioned stimulus. A series of studies have been conducted on honeybees, relating learning and memory acquisition/retrieval using the PER as a strategy for accessing their ability to exhibit an unconditioned stimulus; however, the major metabolic processes involved in the PER are not well known. Thus, the aim of this investigation is profiling the metabolome of the honeybee brain involved in the PER. In this study, a semiquantitative approach of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectral imaging (MSI) was used to profile the most abundant metabolites of the honeybee brain that support the PER. It was reported that execution of the PER requires the metabolic transformations of arginine, ornithine, and lysine as substrates for the production of putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, 1,3-diaminopropane, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Considering the global metabolome of the brain of honeybee workers, the PER requires the consumption of large amounts of cadaverine and 1,3-diaminopropane, in parallel with the biosynthesis of high amounts of spermine, spermidine, and ornithine. To exhibit the PER, the brain of honeybee workers processes the conversion of l-arginine and l-lysine through the polyamine pathway, with different regional metabolomic profiles at the individual neuropil level. The outcomes of this study using this metabolic route as a reference are indicating that the antennal lobes and the calices (medial and lateral) were the most active brain regions for supporting the PER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pratavieira
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Anally Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Thaisa Roat
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
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Azevedo P, Butolo NP, de Alencar LD, Soares-Lima HM, Sales VR, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Standardization of in vitro nervous tissue culture for honeybee: A high specificity toxicological approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:110040. [PMID: 31835045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bees are important pollinators that help to maintain the biodiversity of wild and cultivated plants. However, the increased and inappropriate use of agrochemicals has caused an imbalance in the populations of these insects visiting flowers for pollen and nectar collection. Therefore, new research methods for understanding the mechanisms of action of pesticides and their impacts on the brains of bees, such as neurotoxicity and cellular changes, in response to different active characteristics and dosages of insecticides are necessary. Thus, with the aim of developing tests with greater specificity at the level of cells or tissues, this study sought to standardize a method for the in vitro culture of the nervous tissue of Apis mellifera. For this purpose, the brains of six foragers bees were transferred to three different insect cell culture media and it supplementation with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS): Grace, Schneider, Leibovitz, Grace + FBS, Schneider + FBS and Leibovitz + FBS media for each collection time. Nervous tissue was collected after 1, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation in a humidified CO2 incubator at 32 °C, and histological sections of the organs were analysed. The results showed that Leibovitz medium and Leibovitz medium + serum are potential culture media for the cultivation of nervous tissue, since they resulted in less tissue spacing and tissue disarrangement. Therefore, additional supplements are necessary to obtain an ideal medium for the cultivation of A.mellifera nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nicole Pavan Butolo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Delmondes de Alencar
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia, Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hellen Maria Soares-Lima
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Ribeiro Sales
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo de Abelhas e Serviços Ambientais, Campus Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'(UNESP), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo de Abelhas e Serviços Ambientais, Campus Araras, SP, Brazil
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Decio P, Ustaoglu P, Roat TC, Malaspina O, Devaud JM, Stöger R, Soller M. Acute thiamethoxam toxicity in honeybees is not enhanced by common fungicide and herbicide and lacks stress-induced changes in mRNA splicing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19196. [PMID: 31844097 PMCID: PMC6915785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Securing food supply for a growing population is a major challenge and heavily relies on the use of agrochemicals to maximize crop yield. It is increasingly recognized, that some neonicotinoid insecticides have a negative impact on non-target organisms, including important pollinators such as the European honeybee Apis mellifera. Toxicity of neonicotinoids may be enhanced through simultaneous exposure with additional pesticides, which could help explain, in part, the global decline of honeybee colonies. Here we examined whether exposure effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on bee viability are enhanced by the commonly used fungicide carbendazim and the herbicide glyphosate. We also analysed alternative splicing changes upon pesticide exposure in the honeybee. In particular, we examined transcripts of three genes: (i) the stress sensor gene X box binding protein-1 (Xbp1), (ii) the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) gene and iii) the embryonic lethal/abnormal visual system (elav) gene, which are important for neuronal function. Our results showed that acute thiamethoxam exposure is not enhanced by carbendazim, nor glyphosate. Toxicity of the compounds did not trigger stress-induced, alternative splicing in the analysed mRNAs, thereby leaving dormant a cellular response pathway to these man-made environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pinar Ustaoglu
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ground Floor, Flowers Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thaisa C Roat
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Devaud
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, Nottingham/Sutton Bonington Campus, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Soller
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Grella TC, Soares-Lima HM, Malaspina O, Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli R. Semi-quantitative analysis of morphological changes in bee tissues: A toxicological approach. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124255. [PMID: 31323550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During foraging, bees are exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides, which can cause morphological changes to various organs, such as the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and mushroon body. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish a scoring system to evaluate these alterations based on the damage caused and its reversibility. Therefore, a grade 1 score indicates a minimal and easily reversible lesion, increased apocrine secretion, increased cell elimination into the lumen, and a larger quantity of spherocrystals; grade 2 was assigned to moderate and typically reversible injuries, such as changes in the brush border, vacuolation/loss of cytoplasmic material, presence/height of the brush border, and cell swelling; and grade 3 was assigned to serious and irreversible, loss of cell nests of regenerative cells, pyknosis, and loss of contact between Kenyon cells. In addition, frequency values were assigned since the alterations can occur at different frequencies according to the insecticide and the bees exposed; the frequency ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 representing the absence of an alteration and 6 representing a high-frequency occurrence. Based on the analyses, we conclude that each change causes morphological damage, which may or may not be irreversible and could affect the health of the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Caroline Grella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Avenida 24-A, nº 1.515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13.506-900, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Araras, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330), Km 174, Araras, SP, CEP: 13.600-970, Brazil.
| | - Hellen Maria Soares-Lima
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia para Sustentabilidade, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, Km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Avenida 24-A, nº 1.515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13.506-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Araras, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330), Km 174, Araras, SP, CEP: 13.600-970, Brazil
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Oliveira CR, Domingues CEC, de Melo NFS, Roat TC, Malaspina O, Jones-Costa M, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fraceto LF. Nanopesticide based on botanical insecticide pyrethrum and its potential effects on honeybees. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124282. [PMID: 31323552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome the challenges of sustainable agriculture, and nanopesticides can control agricultural pests and increase farm productivity with little environmental impact. However, it is important to evaluate their toxicity on non-target organisms, such as honeybees (Apis mellifera) that forage on crops. The aims of this study were to develop a nanopesticide that was based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with pyrethrum extract (PYR) and evaluate its physicochemical properties and short-term toxicity on a non-target organism (honeybee). SLN + PYR was physicochemically stable after 120 days. SLN + PYR had a final diameter of 260.8 ± 3.7 nm and a polydispersion index of 0.15 ± 0.02 nm, in comparison with SLN alone that had a diameter of 406.7 ± 6.7 nm and a polydispersion index of 0.39 ± 0.12 nm. SLN + PYR had an encapsulation efficiency of 99%. The survival analysis of honeybees indicated that PYR10ng presented shorter longevity than those in the control group (P ≤ 0.01). Empty nanoparticles and PYR10ng caused morphological alterations in the bees' midguts, whereas pyrethrum-loaded nanoparticles had no significant effect on digestive cells, so are considered safer, at least in the short term, for honeybees. These results are important in understanding the effects of nanopesticides on beneficial insects and may decrease the environmental impacts of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Ambiental, Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia (CCHB), Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio E C Domingues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Rio Claro, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Av. 24 A, 1515, Jardim Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalie F S de Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina São Leopoldo Mandic, Campus Araras. Av. Dona Renata, 71, Santa Cândida, 13600-001, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaisa C Roat
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Rio Claro, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Av. 24 A, 1515, Jardim Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus Rio Claro, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Av. 24 A, 1515, Jardim Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones-Costa
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia (CCHB), Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia (CCHB), Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) -"Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Ambiental, Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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Miranda JF, Scarinci LD, Ramos LF, Silva CM, Gonçalves LR, de Morais PF, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. The modulatory effect of triclosan on the reversion of the activated phenotype of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22413. [PMID: 31714634 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic diseases leading to fibrosis affect millions of individuals worldwide and are a major public health challenge. Although, there have been many advances in understanding hepatic fibrogenesis, an effective therapy remains elusive. Studies focus primarily on activation of the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the principal fibrogenic cells in the liver; however, fewer numbers of studies have examined molecular mechanisms that deactivate HSC, controlling the profibrogenic phenotype. In the present study, we evaluated cellular and molecular actions of the chemical triclosan (TCS) in reverting activated HSCs to a quiesced phenotype. We demonstrated that the inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid synthase by TCS in activated HSCs promotes survival of the cells and triggers cellular and molecular changes that promote cellular phenotypic reversion, offering potentially new therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia D Scarinci
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Ramos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila F de Morais
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dorigo AS, Rosa-Fontana ADS, Soares-Lima HM, Galaschi-Teixeira JS, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O. In vitro larval rearing protocol for the stingless bee species Melipona scutellaris for toxicological studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213109. [PMID: 30893338 PMCID: PMC6426188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil has the highest biodiversity of native stingless bees in the world. However, Brazilian regulations are based on protocols standardized by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which uses Apis mellifera as a model organism. The safety of the use of an exotic species as a substitute for a native species is a problem that concerns members of the academy and the government agencies responsible for studies of this nature in the neotropical regions where there are occurrences of stingless bee species. Regarding the exposure of larvae to pesticides, several indicators suggest that the same rearing method for A. mellifera cannot be applied to stingless bees, mainly because of their different feeding systems. Thus, it is necessary to establish an in vitro rearing method for native social bees. We developed a larval rearing method for the stingless bee species Melipona scutellaris and evaluated parameters such as the defecation rate, pupation, emergence, mortality and morphometry of the newly emerged workers. The control was represented by the morphometry of individuals that emerged from natural combs (in vivo). In addition, we determined the average lethal concentration (LC50) of the insecticide dimethoate, the standard active ingredient used for the validation of toxicity tests. Procedures conducted prior to the in vitro bioassays allowed us to obtain the actual dimensions of the rearing cells for making acrylic plates for use in establishing how much each larva consumes during its development, that is, determining how much larval food should be placed in every artificial cell. Tests performed with M. scutellaris indicated an average of 80.2% emergence of individuals relative to the larvae, 92.61% relative to the pupae and a mean of 7.42% larval mortality. The mean of the intertegular distance, head width and wing asymmetry parameters were not significantly different between individuals from the in vitro and in vivo rearing methods. The LC50 value determined was 27.48 ng dimethoate / μL diet. The method described for M. scutellaris showed development rates above OECD standards, which requires at least 75% emergence, and produced newly emerged workers with similar dimensions to those produced under natural conditions; thus these results enable their use as a rearing protocol for this species (or genus) and, consequently, their use in toxicity tests. The results produced with M. scutellaris are the first steps for a proposed toxicity test protocol for stingless bee larvae that can be standardized and included as a protocol in the OECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adna Suelen Dorigo
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Annelise de Souza Rosa-Fontana
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Hellen Maria Soares-Lima
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP-SP), Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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Tavares DA, Roat TC, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O. Exposure to thiamethoxam during the larval phase affects synapsin levels in the brain of the honey bee. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:523-528. [PMID: 30476814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a neurotoxic insecticide widely used for insect pest control. TMX and other neonicotinoids are reported to be potential causes of honey bee decline. Due to its systematic action, TMX may be recovered in pollen, bee bread, nectar, and honey, which make bees likely to be exposed to contaminated diet. In this study, we used immunolabeling to demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of TMX decrease the protein levels of synapsin in the mushroom bodies (MBs) and the antennal lobes (ALs) of pupae and newly emerged worker bees that were exposed through the food to TMX during the larval phase. A decrease in the synapsin level was observed in the MBs of pupae previously exposed to 0.001 and 1.44 ng/µL and in newly emerged bees previously exposed to 1.44 ng/µL and no changes were observed in the optical lobes (OLs). In the ALs, the decrease was observed in pupae and newly emerged bees exposed to 1.44 ng/µL. Because the MBs and ALs are brain structures involved in stimuli reception, learning, and memory consolidation and because synapsin is important for the regulation of neurotransmitter release, we hypothesize that exposure to sublethal concentrations of TMX during the larval stage may cause neurophysiological disorders in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Antonia Tavares
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Mathias Silva-Zacarin
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais (LEBA), Campus Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Ciências da Natureza Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias Campus Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Catae AF, da Silva Menegasso AR, Pratavieira M, Palma MS, Malaspina O, Roat TC. MALDI-imaging analyses of honeybee brains exposed to a neonicotinoid insecticide. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:607-615. [PMID: 30393944 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicological studies evaluating the possible harmful effects of pesticides on bees are important and allow the emergence of protection and pollinator conservation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid (LC50/100 : 0.014651 ng imidacloprid µL-1 diet) on the distribution of certain proteins identified in the brain of Apis mellifera worker bees using a MALDI-imaging approach. This technique enables proteomic analysis of tissues in situ by monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of the biochemical processes occurring at a specific time in specific brain neuropils. For this purpose, foraging bees were exposed to an 8-day diet containing a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid corresponding to the LC50/100 . Bees were collected on day 8 of exposure, and their brains analyzed using protein density maps. RESULTS The results showed that exposure to imidacloprid led to a series of biochemical changes, including alterations in synapse regulation, apoptosis regulation and oxidative stress, which may adversely impair the physiology of these colony bees. CONCLUSION Worker bee contact with even tiny amounts of imidacloprid had potent effects leading to the overexpression of a series of proteins related to important cellular processes that were possibly damaged by the insecticide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Catae
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Anally R da Silva Menegasso
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Marcel Pratavieira
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Mario S Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Thaisa C Roat
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Cham KO, Nocelli RCF, Borges LO, Viana-Silva FEC, Tonelli CAM, Malaspina O, Menezes C, Rosa-Fontana AS, Blochtein B, Freitas BM, Pires CSS, Oliveira FF, Contrera FAL, Torezani KRS, Ribeiro MDF, Siqueira MAL, Rocha MCLSA. Pesticide Exposure Assessment Paradigm for Stingless Bees. Environ Entomol 2019; 48:36-48. [PMID: 30508180 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of bees as the pollinators responsible for maintaining gene flow for many native and cultivated plants in ecosystems around the world is recognized, much of their biodiversity and behavior remains to be discovered. Stingless bees are considered key pollinators for several plant species in tropical and subtropical ecosystems and they also provide pollination services for economically important agricultural crops. Many countries are using the honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a surrogate to evaluate the risk of pesticides to all species of bees. However, there is uncertainty regarding the extent to which honey bees can serve as surrogates for non-Apis bee species in the risk assessment for pesticides. This paper provides a short overview of the life history traits relevant in risk assessment of stingless bees. It summarizes what is known about stingless bee exposure to pesticides compared to that of honey bees and presents criteria for potential candidate species from Brazil for use in pesticide risk assessment in tropical environments. This paper also identifies gaps in knowledge of bee biology and pesticide exposure routes not covered by the current honey bee exposure assessment paradigm. Based on these gaps, research is needed on life history traits, estimates of nectar and pollen consumption, mud, resin, and water collection and available protocols to adequately assess toxic effects of pesticides to stingless bees. This review is part of a series of papers on the risk of exposure of non-Apis bees to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina O Cham
- IBAMA - Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources SCEN, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro O Borges
- IBAMA - Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources SCEN, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Augusto M Tonelli
- IBAMA - Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources SCEN, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano Menezes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency - EMBRAPA Oriental Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Betina Blochtein
- Catholic Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Carmen Silvia S Pires
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency - EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Pratavieira M, Menegasso ARDS, Esteves FG, Sato KU, Malaspina O, Palma MS. MALDI Imaging Analysis of Neuropeptides in Africanized Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Brain: Effect of Aggressiveness. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2358-2369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pratavieira
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Anally Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Franciele Grego Esteves
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Kenny Umino Sato
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
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Catae AF, Roat TC, Pratavieira M, Silva Menegasso ARD, Palma MS, Malaspina O. Exposure to a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid and the side effects on target and nontarget organs of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:109-121. [PMID: 29127660 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides has become increasingly frequent, and studies indicate that these compounds are involved in the intoxication of bees. Imidacloprid is a widely used neonicotinoid; thus, we have highlighted the importance of assessing its oral toxicity to Africanized bees and used transmission electron microscopy to investigate the sublethal effects in the brain, the target organ, and the midgut, responsible for the digestion/absorption of food. In addition, the distribution of proteins involved in important biological processes in the brain were evaluated on the 1st day of exposure by MALDI-imaging analysis. Bioassays were performed to determine the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of imidacloprid to bees, and the value obtained was 1.4651 ng imidacloprid/μL diet. Based on this result, the sublethal concentration to be administered at 1, 4 and 8 days was established as a hundredth (1/100) of the LC50. The results obtained from the ultrastructural analysis showed alterations in the midgut cells of bees as nuclear and mitochondrial damage and an increase of vacuoles. The insecticide caused spacing among the Kenyon cells in the mushroom bodies, chromatin condensation and loss of mitochondrial cristae. The MALDI-imaging analysis showed an increase in the expression of such proteins as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, amyloid protein precursor and protein kinase C, which are related to oxygen supply, neuronal degeneration and memory/learning, and a decrease in the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 1, which is fundamental to the synapses. These alterations demonstrated that imidacloprid could compromise the viability of the midgut epithelium, as well as inhibiting important cognitive processes in individuals, and may be reflected in losses of the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernanda Catae
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel Pratavieira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Anally Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Tavares DA, Dussaubat C, Kretzschmar A, Carvalho SM, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Malaspina O, Bérail G, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Exposure of larvae to thiamethoxam affects the survival and physiology of the honey bee at post-embryonic stages. Environ Pollut 2017; 229:386-393. [PMID: 28618362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, the effects of thiamethoxam were investigated in larvae, pupae and emerging honey bees after exposure at larval stages with different concentrations in the food (0.00001 ng/μL, 0.001 ng/μL and 1.44 ng/μL). Thiamethoxam reduced the survival of larvae and pupae and consequently decreased the percentage of emerging honey bees. Thiamethoxam induced important physiological disturbances. It increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at all developmental stages and increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase para (CaEp) activities at the pupal stages. For midgut alkaline phosphatase (ALP), no activity was detected in pupae stages, and no effect was observed in larvae and emerging bees. We assume that the effects of thiamethoxam on the survival, emergence and physiology of honey bees may affect the development of the colony. These results showed that attention should be paid to the exposure to pesticides during the developmental stages of the honey bee. This study represents the first investigation of the effects of thiamethoxam on the development of A. mellifera following larval exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Antonia Tavares
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Dussaubat
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | | | | | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Géraldine Bérail
- INRA, Laboratoire de L'Environnement et de L'Alimentation de La Vendée, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France.
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Friol PS, Catae AF, Tavares DA, Malaspina O, Roat TC. Can the exposure of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apiadae) larvae to a field concentration of thiamethoxam affect newly emerged bees? Chemosphere 2017; 185:56-66. [PMID: 28686887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides on crops can affect non-target insects, such as bees. In addition to the adult bees, larvae can be exposed to the insecticide through contaminated floral resources. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible effects of the exposure of A. mellifera larvae to a field concentration of thiamethoxam (0.001 ng/μL thiamethoxam) on larval and pupal survival and on the percentage of adult emergence. Additionally, its cytotoxic effects on the digestive cells of midgut, Malpighian tubules cells and Kenyon cells of the brain of newly emerged A. mellifera bees were analyzed. The results showed that larval exposure to this concentration of thiamethoxam did not influence larval and pupal survival or the percentage of adult bee emergence. However, this exposure caused ultra-structural alterations in the target and non-target organs of newly emerged bees. The digestive cell of bees that were exposed to the insecticide exhibited a basal labyrinth without long and thin channels and compromised mitochondria. In Malpighian tubules cells, disorganized basal labyrinth, dilated mitochondria with a deformed shape and a loss of cristae, and disorganized microvilli were observed. The results showed that the exposed bees presented Kenyon cells with alterations in the nucleus and mitochondria. These alterations indicate possible tissue degeneration, demonstrating the cytotoxicity of thiamethoxam in the target and non-target organs of newly emerged bees. Such results suggest cellular organelle impairment that can compromise cellular function of the midgut cells, Malpighian tubules cells and Kenyon cells, and, consequently, can compromise the longevity of the bees of the whole colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Sepúlveda Friol
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Fernanda Catae
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daiana Antonia Tavares
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Roat TC, Carvalho SM, Palma MS, Malaspina O. Biochemical response of the Africanized honeybee exposed to fipronil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:1652-1660. [PMID: 27925273 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bees are recognized worldwide for their social, economic, and environmental value. In recent decades they have been seriously threatened by diseases and high levels of pesticide use. The susceptibility of bees to insecticides makes them an important terrestrial model for assessing environmental quality, and various biomarkers have been developed for such assessments. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CaE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in Africanized honeybees exposed to fipronil. The results showed that fipronil at a sublethal dose (0.01 ng/bee) modulates the activity of CaE in all isoforms analyzed (CaE-1, CaE-2, and CaE-3) in both newly emerged and aged bees, and does not affect the activity of AChE or GST. The recovery of the bees after fipronil exposure was also investigated, and these results demonstrated that even the cessation of fipronil ingestion might not lead to complete recovery of individual bees. Even at low doses, fipronil was shown to cause changes in the activity of key enzymes in bees. The possible consequences of these changes are discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1652-1660. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa C Roat
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, University Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephan M Carvalho
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário S Palma
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, University Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, University Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
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Diniz-Filho JAF, Malaspina O. EVOLUTION AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES IN BRAZIL: EVIDENCE FROM SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC DATA. Evolution 2017; 49:1172-1179. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/1994] [Accepted: 08/03/1994] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Departamento de Biologia; Instituto de Biociências, UNESP; CP. 199 13.506-900 Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
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49
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Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Christofoletti CA, Correia JE, de Souza RB, Moreira-de-Sousa C, Marcato ACDC, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fontanetti CS. Liver alterations in Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces) induced by insecticide imidacloprid: Histopathology and heat shock protein in situ localization. J Environ Sci Health B 2016; 51:881-887. [PMID: 27764581 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1240559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver is very sensitive to environmental contaminants such as pesticides, it being the first target of toxicity of a substance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus according concentrations used for growing sugarcane. A semi-quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations of IMI on liver was performed by light microscopy and cellular labeling of heat shock proteins (HSP70) by immunohistochemistry. The most common changes in liver at all concentrations of IMI were hydropic degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, and loss of cell limits. Steatosis and increased levels of HSP70 were detected in hepatocytes with the highest concentration of IMI. In conclusion, the tested concentrations of IMI induced histopathological changes in the liver of O. niloticus and active defence mechanisms to maintain the morphophysiological integrity of the liver. This insecticide has a toxicity potential for these fish, which is a non-target organism of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge E Correia
- a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Odair C Bueno
- c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- d Department of Biology , UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos , Sorocaba, São Paulo , Brazil
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Roberto MM, Jamal CM, Malaspina O, Marin-Morales MA. Antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green propolis and its main botanical source determined by the Allium cepa test system. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:257-69. [PMID: 27223486 PMCID: PMC4910559 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian green propolis is a resinous substance prepared by bees from parts of the
plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. As it possess several biological
properties, this work assessed the cytotoxic/anticytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic
and mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green
propolis (EEGP) and of B. dracunculifolia (EEBD), by means of the
Allium cepa test system. The effects were evaluated by assessing
the chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies on meristematic and
F1 generation cells from onion roots. Chemical analyses performed with the extracts
showed differences in flavonoid quality and quantity. No genotoxic or mutagenic
potential was detected, and both extracts were capable of inhibiting cellular damage
caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment, reducing the frequencies of CA and
MN. By these data, we can infer that, independent of their flavonoid content, the
extracts presented a protective effect in A. cepa cells against the
clastogenicity of MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Masrouah Jamal
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudo de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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