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Barreto II, Gonçalves LR, Corrêa AF, Marin-Morales MA, Moraes KCM. Predictive toxicological effects of Artemisia absinthium essential oil on hepatic stellate cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105738. [PMID: 38000518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are important worldwide, considering their properties for treating diseases; however, few studies have evaluated their toxicological potential. Among them, Artemisia absinthium is frequently used to treat liver diseases, because its essential oil has several popular therapeutic properties. Based on this information, in the present study, we investigated molecular connectors of physiological effects of the Artemisia absinthium essential oil on human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, to explore the potential toxicity of the plant on liver cells. LX-2 is a cellular model to investigate mechanisms of liver fibrosis; then, to analyze the essential oil effects LX-2 was cultured under different conditions, treated or not with the essential oil at 0.4 μg/μL for 24 h. Next, fluorescence microscopy analyses, gene expression measurements, and biochemical approaches revealed that the essential oil reduced pro-fibrogenic markers; however, disrupt lipid metabolism, and cause cellular stress, by the activation of cellular detoxification and pro-inflammatory processes. In conclusion, the hepatic stellate cells incubated with the essential oil present an antifibrotic potential, supporting its popular use; however, the combined results suggest that the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Barreto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Araraquara, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - L R Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - A F Corrêa
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Marin-Morales
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - K C M Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Campus Araraquara, Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Pansa CC, Molica LR, de Oliveira Júnior FC, Santello LC, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of fipronil in lipid metabolism of HepG2 and its possible connection to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23595. [PMID: 38050659 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that affects more than a quarter of the population. The development of this disease is correlated with metabolic dysfunctions that lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Pesticides are one of etiologies that support NAFLD establishment. Therefore, the effects of the insecticide fipronil on the lipid metabolism of the human hepatic cell line, HepG2, was investigated, considering its widespread use in field crops and even to control domestic pests. To address the goals of the study, biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses of different concentrations of fipronil in cell cultures were investigated, after 24 h of incubation. Relevant metabolites such as triglycerides, glucose levels, β-oxidation processes, and gene expression of relevant elements correlated with lipid and metabolism of xenobiotics were investigated. The results suggested that at 20 μM, the pesticide increased the accumulation of triglycerides and neutral lipids by reducing fatty acid oxidation and increasing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, changes were observed in genes that control oxidative stress and the xenobiotic metabolism. Together, the results suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the insecticide fipronil may be deleterious if persistent, favoring the establishment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Pansa
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Molica
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara C Santello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Tafurt-Cardona Y, Suares-Rocha P, Silva BO, Moraes KCM, Marin-Morales MA. Toxic effects of Arianor Ebony hair dye on human cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12777. [PMID: 37493773 PMCID: PMC10361642 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidative stress mechanisms were investigated in HepG2 cells exposed to Arianor Ebony. Results showed that the dye did not induce cytotoxicity to exposed cells at a concentration up to 50 µg/mL compared to the negative control. However, genotoxic assays indicated that the dye was able to damage the genetic material at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, with induction factor values of exposed cells two- to five-fold higher than those recorded for the negative control. Moreover, the lowest observed effect concentration was 12.5 µg/mL. For gene expression, relevant changes were observed in cytochrome c and caspase 9, which decreased in cells incubated with the dye in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control. In parallel, the expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes was increased in exposed cells, suggesting the presence of metabolic routes that protect cells against the toxic effect of the dye, avoiding exacerbated cellular death. Results suggested that the dye disrupted cellular homeostasis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be hazardous to human health. Thus, further investigations are necessary to deeply understand the mechanisms of action of the dye, considering its toxic potential found in our ex vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tafurt-Cardona
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Campus, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación Universitaria Navarra - UNINAVARRA, Neiva-Huila, Colombia
| | - P Suares-Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Campus, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - B O Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Campus, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
- Centro Universitário FUNCESI, Itabira, MG, Brasil
| | - K C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Campus, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - M A Marin-Morales
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro Campus, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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Pansa CC, Molica LR, Moraes KCM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease establishment and progression: genetics and epigenetics as relevant modulators of the pathology. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 58:521-533. [PMID: 36426638 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2148835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from metabolic dysfunctions that affect more than one-third of the world population. Over the last decades, scientific investigations have clarified many details on the pathology establishment and development; however, effective therapeutics approaches are still evasive. In addition, studies demonstrated that NAFLD establishment and progression are related to several etiologies. Recently, genetics and epigenetics backgrounds have emerged as relevant elements to the pathology onset, and, hence, deserve deep investigation to clarify molecular details on NAFLD signaling, which may be correlated with population behavior. Thus, to minimize the global problem, public health and public policies should take advantage of studies on NAFLD over the next following decades. METHODS In this context, we have performed a selective literature review focusing on biochemistry of lipid metabolism, genetics, epigenetics, and the ethnicity as strong elements that drive NAFLD establishment. RESULTS Considering the etiological agents that acts on NAFLD development and progression, the genetics and the epigenetics emerged as relevant factors. Genetics acts as a powerful element in the establishment and progression of the NAFLD. Over the last decades, details concerning genes and their polymorphisms, as well as epigenetics, have been considered relevant elements in the systems biology of diseases, and their effects on NAFLD should be considered in-depth, as well as the ethnicity, clarifying whether people are susceptible to liver diseases. Moreover, the endemicity and social problems of hepatic disfunction are far to be solved, which require a combined effort of various sectors of society. CONCLUSION Hence, the elements presented and discussed in this short review demonstrated their relevance to the physiological control of NAFLD, opening perspectives for research to develop new strategy to treat fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristiane Pansa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Cellular Signalling and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ramos Molica
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Cellular Signalling and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Cellular Signalling and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Moraes KCM, Montagne J. Drosophila melanogaster: A Powerful Tiny Animal Model for the Study of Metabolic Hepatic Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:728407. [PMID: 34603083 PMCID: PMC8481879 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.728407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal experimentation is limited by unethical procedures, time-consuming protocols, and high cost. Thus, the development of innovative approaches for disease treatment based on alternative models in a fast, safe, and economic manner is an important, yet challenging goal. In this paradigm, the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a powerful model for biomedical research, considering its short life cycle and low-cost maintenance. In addition, biological processes are conserved and homologs of ∼75% of human disease-related genes are found in the fruit-fly. Therefore, this model has been used in innovative approaches to evaluate and validate the functional activities of candidate molecules identified via in vitro large-scale analyses, as putative agents to treat or reverse pathological conditions. In this context, Drosophila offers a powerful alternative to investigate the molecular aspects of liver diseases, since no effective therapies are available for those pathologies. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic hepatic dysfunctions, which may progress to the development of chronic hepatitis and ultimately to cirrhosis, thereby increasing the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This deleterious situation reinforces the use of the Drosophila model to accelerate functional research aimed at deciphering the mechanisms that sustain the disease. In this short review, we illustrate the relevance of using the fruit-fly to address aspects of liver pathologies to contribute to the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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da Silveira MB, Pansa CC, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. The functional activity of the miR-1914-5p in lipid metabolism of the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2: a potential molecular tool for controlling hepatic cellular migration. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3463-3474. [PMID: 33907947 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer in the world with high mortality rate and new therapies that control of fatty acid metabolism may limit the proliferation of cancer cells. In the last two decades, the non-coding RNAs have been considered as promising molecular tools to treat diseases, because they are able to modulate gene expression and the metabolic routes; however, deep investigation of their mechanistic behavior in pathologies must be performed. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the modulatory effect of the miR-1914-5p in controlling lipid metabolism in HepG2, a widely used human hepatocarcinoma cell line. The molecular and cellular analyses demonstrated that the functional inhibition of the investigated microRNA completely changed the cellular metabolism and behavior, compared to control groups. The in vitro inhibition of the miR-1914-5p increased the energy expenditure pointed in different analyses, decreasing cell doubling time and migration rate verified in wound healing and in the classical transwell chambers invasion assays, which makes the miR-1914-5p a candidate for further translational and preclinical studies to validate its function in controlling metastasis in liver cancer or even treat those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristiane Pansa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Instituto de Biociência, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Ramos LF, Silva CM, Pansa CC, Moraes KCM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular and cellular interplays of the lipid metabolism in a steatotic liver. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:25-40. [PMID: 32892668 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1820321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects ~25% of world population and cases have increased in recent decades. These anomalies have several etiologies; however, obesity and metabolic dysfunctions are the most relevant causes. Despite being considered a public health problem, no effective therapeutic approach to treat NAFLD is available. For that, a deep understanding of metabolic routes that support hepatic diseases is needed. AREAS COVERED This review covers aspects of the onset of NAFLD. Thereby, biochemistry routes as well as cellular and metabolic effects of the gut microbiota in body's homeostasis and epigenetics are contextualized. EXPERT OPINION Recently, the development of biological sciences has generated innovative knowledge, bringing new insights and perspectives to clarify the systems biology of liver diseases. A detailed comprehension of epigenetics mechanisms will offer possibilities to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for NAFLD. Different epigenetic processes have been reported that are modulated by the environment such as gut microbiota, suggesting strong interplays between cellular behavior and pathology. Thus, a more complete description of such mechanisms in hepatic diseases will help to clarify how to control the establishment of fatty liver, and precisely describe molecular interplays that potentially control NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia F Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Caio M Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Camila C Pansa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
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Silva CM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of silymarin on the transdifferentiation processes of LX-2 cells and its connection with lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:129-142. [PMID: 32185674 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis process in the liver is a clinical condition established in response to chronic lesions and may be reversible in many situations. In this process, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activate and produce extracellular matrix compounds. During fibrosis, the lipid metabolism is also altered and contributes to the transdifferentiation of the HSCs. Thus, controlling lipid metabolism in HSCs is suggested as a method to control or reverse the fibrotic condition. In the search for therapies that modulate lipid metabolism and treat liver diseases, silymarin has been identified as a relevant natural compound to treat liver pathologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of silymarin in the transdifferentiation process of HSCs (LX-2) from activated phenotype to a more quiesced-like cells , also focusing on understanding the modulatory effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism of HSCs. In our analyses, 100 µM of silymarin reduced the synthesis of actin filaments in activated cells, the synthesis of the protein level of α-SMA, and other pro-fibrotic factors such as CTGF and PFGF. The concentration of 150 µM silymarin did not reverse the activation aspects of LX-2 cells. However, both evaluated concentrations of the natural compound protected the cells from the negative effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, we evaluated lipid-related molecules correlated to the transdifferentiation process of LX-2, and 100 µM of silymarin demonstrated to control molecules associated with lipid metabolism such as FASN, MLYCD, ACSL4, CPTs, among others. In contrast, cellular incubation with 150 µM of silymarin increased the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides, regarding the higher presence of DMSO (v/v) in the solvent. In conclusion, silymarin acts as a hepatoprotective agent and modulates the pro-fibrogenic stimuli of LX-2 cells, whose effects depend on stress levels in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Mateus Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Departamento de Física E Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Miranda JF, Scarinci LD, Ramos LF, Silva CM, Gonçalves LR, de Morais PF, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. The modulatory effect of triclosan on the reversion of the activated phenotype of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22413. [PMID: 31714634 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic diseases leading to fibrosis affect millions of individuals worldwide and are a major public health challenge. Although, there have been many advances in understanding hepatic fibrogenesis, an effective therapy remains elusive. Studies focus primarily on activation of the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the principal fibrogenic cells in the liver; however, fewer numbers of studies have examined molecular mechanisms that deactivate HSC, controlling the profibrogenic phenotype. In the present study, we evaluated cellular and molecular actions of the chemical triclosan (TCS) in reverting activated HSCs to a quiesced phenotype. We demonstrated that the inhibition of the enzyme fatty acid synthase by TCS in activated HSCs promotes survival of the cells and triggers cellular and molecular changes that promote cellular phenotypic reversion, offering potentially new therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia D Scarinci
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Ramos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila F de Morais
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva CM, Caetano FH, Pereira FDC, Morales MAM, Sakane KK, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. and Plectranthus barbatus Andrews medicinal plant extracts on retinoid metabolism in the human hepatic stellate cell LX-2. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:222. [PMID: 31438947 PMCID: PMC6704496 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatic diseases are serious problems worldwide, which may lead to the development of fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Despite the significant number of people affected by hepatic fibrosis, no effective treatment is available. In the liver, hepatic stellate cells are the major fibrogenic cell type that play a relevant function in chronic liver diseases. Thus, the characterization of components that control the fibrogenesis in the hepatic stellate cells is relevant in supporting the development of innovative therapies to treat and/or control liver fibrosis. The present study investigated the effects of Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. and Plectranthus barbatus Andrews medicinal plant extracts in LX-2 transdifferentiation. Methods LX-2 is a human immortalized hepatic stellate cell that can transdifferentiate in vitro from a quiescent-like phenotype to a more proliferative and activated behavior, and it provides a useful platform to assess antifibrotic drugs. Then, the antifibrotic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Plectranthus barbatus medicinal plants on LX-2 were evaluated. Results The results in our cellular analyses, under the investigated concentrations of the plant extracts, indicate no deleterious effects on LX-2 metabolism, such as toxicity, genotoxicity, or apoptosis. Moreover, the extracts induced changes in actin filament distribution of activated LX-2, despite not affecting the cellular markers of transdifferentiation. Consistent effects in cellular retinoid metabolism were observed, supporting the presumed activity of the plant extracts in hepatic lipids metabolism, which corroborated the traditional knowledge about their uses for liver dysfunction. Conclusion The combined results suggested a potential hepatoprotective effect of the investigated plant extracts reinforcing their safe use as coadjuvants in treating imbalanced liver lipid metabolism.
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de Oliveira da Silva B, Alberici LC, Ramos LF, Silva CM, da Silveira MB, Dechant CRP, Friedman SL, Sakane KK, Gonçalves LR, Moraes KCM. Altered global microRNA expression in hepatic stellate cells LX-2 by angiotensin-(1-7) and miRNA-1914-5p identification as regulator of pro-fibrogenic elements and lipid metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies to control or reverse hepatic fibrosis requires thorough knowledge about its molecular and cellular basis. It is known that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] can reduce hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in vivo; therefore, it is important to uncover the mechanisms regulating its activity and cellular model of investigation. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and here we investigated its modulatory effect on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2, which transdifferentiate into fibrogenic and proliferative cells. We compared the miRNA profiles between quiesced, activated and ang-(1-7)-treated activated HSCs to identify miRNAs that may regulate their transdifferentiation. Thirteen miRNAs were pointed, and cellular and molecular analyses identified miRNA-1914-5p as a molecule that contributes to the effects of ang-(1-7) on lipid metabolism and on the pro-fibrotic environment control. In our cellular model, we also analyzed the regulators of fatty acid metabolism. Specifically, miRNA-1914-5p regulates the expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP or Lipin-1). Additionally, Lipin-1 was closely correlated with mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and -γ, which also contribute to lipid homeostasis and to the reduction of TGF-β1 expression. These findings provide a novel link between RAS and lipid metabolism in controlling HSCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Oliveira da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Mateus Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechant
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kumiko Koibuchi Sakane
- Institute of Research and Development of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Silva BDOD, Lima KF, Gonçalves LR, Silveira MBD, Moraes KCM. Correction: MicroRNA Profiling of the Effect of the Heptapeptide Angiotensin-(1-7) in A549 Lung Tumor Cells Reveals a Role for miRNA149-3p in Cellular Migration Processes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190204. [PMID: 29261785 PMCID: PMC5736187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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de Oliveira da Silva B, Ramos LF, Moraes KCM. Molecular interplays in hepatic stellate cells: apoptosis, senescence, and phenotype reversion as cellular connections that modulate liver fibrosis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:946-959. [PMID: 28498509 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiological process correlated with intense repair and cicatrization mechanisms in injured liver, and over the past few years, the characterization of the fine-tuning of molecular interconnections that support the development of liver fibrosis has been investigated. In this cellular process, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) support the organ fibrogenesis. The HSCs are found in two distinct morpho-physiological states: quiescent and activated. In normal liver, most HSCs are found in quiescent state, presenting a considerable amount of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, while in injured liver, the activated phenotype of HSCs is a myofibroblast, that secrete extracellular matrix elements and contribute to the establishment of the fibrotic process. Studies on the molecular mechanisms by which HSCs try to restore their quiescent state have been performed; however, no effective treatment to reverse fibrosis has been so far prescribed. Therefore, the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, senescence, and the cell reversion phenotype process from activate to quiescent state will certainly contribute to the development of effective therapies to treat hepatic fibrosis. In this context, this review aimed to address central elements of apoptosis, senescence, and reversal of HSC phenotype in the control of hepatic fibrogenesis, as a guide to future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Oliveira da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferrreira Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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da Silva BDO, Lima KF, Gonçalves LR, da Silveira MB, Moraes KCM. MicroRNA Profiling of the Effect of the Heptapeptide Angiotensin-(1-7) in A549 Lung Tumor Cells Reveals a Role for miRNA149-3p in Cellular Migration Processes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162094. [PMID: 27598578 PMCID: PMC5012581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer in humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. The high mortality rates are correlated with late diagnosis, which leads to high rates of metastasis found in patients. Thus, despite all the improvement in therapeutic approaches, the development of new drugs that control cancer cell migration and metastasis are required. The heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] has demonstrated the ability to control the growth rates of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the elucidation of central elements that control the fine-tuning of cancer cells migration in the presence of the ang-(1-7), will support the development of new therapeutic approaches. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this study investigates the modulatory effect of the heptapeptide on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung tumor cells, to elucidate mechanistic concerns about the effect of the peptide in the control of tumor migratory processes. Our primary aim was to compare the miRNA profiling between treated and untreated-heptapeptide cells to characterize the relevant molecule that modulates cellular migration rates. The analyses selected twenty one miRNAs, which are differentially expressed between the groups; however, statistical analyses indicated miRNA-149-3p as a relevant molecule. Once functional analyses were performed, we demonstrated that miRNA-149-3p plays a role in the cellular migration processes. This information could be useful for future investigations on drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelvin Furtado Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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da Silva W, dos Santos RAS, Moraes KCM. Mir-351-5p contributes to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory environment in the H9c2 cell line by repressing PTEN expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:363-71. [PMID: 26541756 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system modulates several metabolic pathways that contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. In this metabolic system, angiotensin II modulates heart morphophysiological changes triggered by a series of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses; however, the fine tuning associated with the control of this biochemical pathway remains unknown. Here, we investigated elements involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the pro-inflammatory environment in the H9c2 cardiac cell line, focusing on miRNA elements that modulate PTEN expression. A cellular model of investigation was established and the miR-315-5p was identified as a novel element targeting PTEN in this cardiac cell line, thereby controlling the protein level. This interconnected pathway contributes to the control of the pro-inflammatory environment in Ang II-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walmir da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Ferreira AF, França FD, Rossoni JV, Viana PHL, Moraes KCM, Gomes DA, Costa DC, Tagliati CA, Chaves MM. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate protects renal cell lines against amphotericin B toxicity in a PKA-independent manner. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:28-34. [PMID: 25690107 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1012210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is the "gold standard" agent in the management of serious systemic fungal infections. However, this drug can cause nephrotoxicity, which contributes up to 25% of all acute kidney injuries in critically ill patients. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate can protect kidney cells from death due to injury or drug exposure in some cases. Hence, the objective of this work was to evaluate if cAMP could prevent cell death that occurs in renal cell lines subjected to AmB treatment and, if so, to assess the involvement of PKA in the transduction of this signal. Two different renal cell lines (LLC-PK1 and MDCK) were used in this study. MTT and flow cytometry assays showed increased cell survival when cells were exposed to cAMP in a PKA-independent manner, which was confirmed by western blot. This finding suggests that cAMP (db-cAMP) may prevent cell death caused by exposure to AmB. This is the first time this effect has been identified when renal cells are exposed to AmB's nephrotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Ferreira
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - F D França
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - J V Rossoni
- b Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Mouro Preto , MG , Brazil
| | - P H L Viana
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - K C M Moraes
- c Departamento de Biologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro , SP , Brazil , and
| | - D A Gomes
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - D C Costa
- b Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Mouro Preto , MG , Brazil
| | - C A Tagliati
- d Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicológicas , Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Bioquímica, Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - M M Chaves
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
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Pacheco-Soares C, Maftou-Costa M, DA Cunha Menezes Costa CG, DE Siqueira Silva AC, Moraes KCM. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy in adhesion protein expression. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:714-718. [PMID: 25013490 PMCID: PMC4081276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has clinical applications in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. PDT involves a light-sensitive compound (photosensitizer), light and molecular oxygen. This procedure may lead to several different cellular responses, including cell death. Alterations in the attachment of cancer cells to the substratum and to each other are important consequences of photodynamic treatment. PDT may lead to changes in the expression of cellular adhesion structure and cytoskeleton integrity, which are key factors in decreasing tumor metastatic potential. HEp-2 cells were photosensitized with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and zinc phthalocyanine, and the proteins β1-integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were assayed using fluorescence microscopy. The verification of expression changes in the genes for FAK and β1 integrin were performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results revealed that HEp-2 cells do not express β-integrin or FAK 12 h following PDT. It was concluded that the PDT reduces the adhesive ability of HEp-2 cells, inhibiting their metastatic potential. The present study aimed to analyze the changes in the expression and organization of cellular adhesion elements and the subsequent metastatic potential of HEp-2 cells following PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Maira Maftou-Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Carolina Genúncio DA Cunha Menezes Costa
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Andreza Cristina DE Siqueira Silva
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Rio Claro-SP 13506-900, Brazil
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Sakane KK, Monteiro CJ, Silva W, Silva AR, Santos PM, Lima KF, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular studies of the effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in the cardiac cell line H9c2 and their correlation with death mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 47:50-9. [PMID: 24519091 PMCID: PMC3932973 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and evidence
indicates a correlation between the inflammatory process and cardiac dysfunction.
Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme are not recommended for
long-term use because of potentially severe side effects to the heart. Considering
this and the frequent prescribing of commercial celecoxib, the present study analyzed
cellular and molecular effects of 1 and 10 µM celecoxib in a cell culture model.
After a 24-h incubation, celecoxib reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner
as also demonstrated in MTT assays. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction analysis showed that the drug modulated the expression level of genes
related to death pathways, and Western blot analyses demonstrated a modulatory effect
of the drug on COX-2 protein levels in cardiac cells. In addition, the results
demonstrated a downregulation of prostaglandin E2 production by the cardiac cells
incubated with celecoxib, in a dose-specific manner. These results are consistent
with the decrease in cell viability and the presence of necrotic processes shown by
Fourier transform infrared analysis, suggesting a direct correlation of prostanoids
in cellular homeostasis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sakane
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos CamposSP, Brasil, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - C J Monteiro
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - W Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - P M Santos
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos CamposSP, Brasil, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - K F Lima
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - K C M Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio ClaroSP, Brasil, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ''Júlio de Mesquita Filho'', Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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Moraes KCM, Monteiro CJ, Pacheco-Soares C. A novel function for CUGBP2 in controlling the pro-inflammatory stimulus in H9c2 cells: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:1129-38. [PMID: 23661609 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation plays an important role in heart hypertrophy and cardiac diseases. However, the fine-tuning of cellular and molecular mechanisms that connect inflammatory process and cardiac diseases is still under investigation. Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Increased level of prostaglandin E2 was also found in animal model of left ventricle of hypertrophy. Based on previous observations that demonstrated a regulatory loop between COX-2 and the RNA-binding protein CUGBP2, we studied cellular and molecular mechanisms of a pro-inflammatory stimulus in a cardiac cell to verify if the above two molecules could be correlated with the inflammatory process in the heart. A cellular model of investigation was established and H9c2 was used. We also demonstrated a regulatory connection between COX-2 and CUGBP2 in the cardiac cells. Based on a set of different assays including gene silencing and fluorescence microscopy, we describe a novel function for the RNA-binding protein CUGBP2 in controlling the pro-inflammatory stimulus: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules to specific cytoplasmic stress granules to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Lyon JP, Moraes KCM, Moreira LM, Aimbire F, de Resende MA. Candida albicans: genotyping methods and clade related phenotypic characteristics. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:841-9. [PMID: 24031564 PMCID: PMC3769759 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several molecular methods, such as Southern blotting hybridization, Multilocus Sequence Typing, and DNA microsatellite analysis, have been employed to genotype Candida albicans. The genotype analysis allows to group strains in clades, that is, a group composed of one ancestor and its descendants. These genotype studies demonstrate that clades distribution is influenced by geographic area as well as that antifungal resistance is associated with particular clades. These findings suggested that C. albicans reproduces mainly in a clonal manner, with certain degree of DNA microevolution. Additionally, virulence factors and site of isolation have also been associated with clade specificity. The present article is a brief review about the methods used for Candida genotyping and the correlated clade systems established. Special emphasis is given to Ca3 hybridization, MLST, and Microsatellites. The present work is also focused on the phenotypic and physiological traits associated with Candida clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Lyon
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei , São João Del-Rei, MG , Brasil ; Universidade do Vale do Paraíba , São José dos Campos, SP , Brasil
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Machado AHA, Moraes KCM, Soares CP, Junior MB, da Silva NS. Cellular Changes After Photodynamic Therapy on HEp-2 Cells Using the New ZnPcBr8 Phthalocyanine. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S143-9. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), NUPEB, DECBI, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Moraes KCM. RNA surveillance: molecular approaches in transcript quality control and their implications in clinical diseases. Mol Med 2010; 16:53-68. [PMID: 19829759 PMCID: PMC2761007 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of mature mRNAs that encode functional proteins involves highly complex pathways of synthesis, processing and surveillance. At numerous steps during the maturation process, the mRNA transcript undergoes scrutiny by cellular quality control machinery. This extensive RNA surveillance ensures that only correctly processed mature mRNAs are translated and precludes production of aberrant transcripts that could encode mutant or possibly deleterious proteins. Recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of mRNA processing have demonstrated the existence of an integrated network of events, and have revealed that a variety of human diseases are caused by disturbances in the well-coordinated molecular equilibrium of these events. From a medical perspective, both loss and gain of function are relevant, and a considerable number of different diseases exemplify the importance of the mechanistic function of RNA surveillance in a cell. Here, mechanistic hallmarks of mRNA processing steps are reviewed, highlighting the medical relevance of their deregulation and how the understanding of such mechanisms can contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP-12244-000, Brazil.
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Moraes KCM, Galioti JB. A doença falciforme: um estudo genético-populacional a partir de doadores de sangue em São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-84842010005000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bergman N, Moraes KCM, Anderson JR, Zaric B, Kambach C, Schneider RJ, Wilusz CJ, Wilusz J. Lsm proteins bind and stabilize RNAs containing 5' poly(A) tracts. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14:824-31. [PMID: 17694069 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many orthopoxvirus messenger RNAs have an unusual nontemplated poly(A) tract of 5 to 40 residues at the 5' end. The precise function of this feature is unknown. Here we show that 5' poly(A) tracts are able to repress RNA decay by inhibiting 3'-to-5' exonucleases as well as decapping of RNA substrates. UV cross-linking analysis demonstrated that the Lsm complex associates with the 5' poly(A) tract. Furthermore, recombinant Lsm1-7 complex specifically binds 5' poly(A) tracts 10 to 21 nucleotides in length, consistent with the length of 5' poly(A) required for stabilization. Knockdown of Lsm1 abrogates RNA stabilization by the 5' poly(A) tract. We propose that the Lsm complex simultaneously binds the 3' and 5' ends of these unusual messenger RNAs and thereby prevents 3'-to-5' decay. The implications of this phenomenon for cellular mRNA decay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Bergman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA
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25
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Anderson JR, Mukherjee D, Muthukumaraswamy K, Moraes KCM, Wilusz CJ, Wilusz J. Sequence-specific RNA binding mediated by the RNase PH domain of components of the exosome. RNA 2006; 12:1810-6. [PMID: 16912217 PMCID: PMC1581985 DOI: 10.1261/rna.144606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that PM-Scl-75, a component of the human exosome complex involved in RNA maturation and mRNA decay, can specifically interact with RNAs containing an AU-rich instability element. Through the analysis of a series of deletion mutants, we have now shown that a 266 amino acid fragment representing the RNase PH domain is responsible for the sequence-specific binding to AU-rich elements. Furthermore, we found that the RNase PH domains from two other exosomal components, OIP2 and RRP41, as well as from Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase, are all capable of specifically interacting with RNAs containing an AU-rich element with similar affinities. Finally, we demonstrate that the interaction of the RNase PH domain of PM-Scl-75 is readily competed by poly(U), but only inefficiently using other homopolymeric RNAs. These data demonstrate that RNase PH domains in general have an affinity for U- and AU-rich sequences, and broaden the potential role in RNA biology of proteins containing these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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26
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Abstract
CUG-BP is the human homolog of the Xenopus EDEN-BP, which was shown previously to bind to mRNAs, such as c-mos, that exhibit rapid deadenylation following fertilization of the oocyte. While several studies have focused on roles of CUG-BP as a splicing or translation regulator in mammalian cells, its role in mRNA decay has not been examined in detail. Here, we have used an in vitro deadenylation assay to dissect the function of CUG-BP in the decay of two ARE-containing mRNAs: c-fos and TNFalpha. CUG-BP binds specifically to both of these RNAs and stimulates poly(A) shortening by PARN. Moreover, CUG-BP interacts with PARN in extracts by coimmunoprecipitation, and this interaction can be recapitulated using recombinant proteins. CUG-BP, therefore, is the first RNA-binding protein shown to directly recruit a deadenylase to an RNA substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA
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Palaniswamy V, Moraes KCM, Wilusz CJ, Wilusz J. Nucleophosmin is selectively deposited on mRNA during polyadenylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2006; 13:429-35. [PMID: 16604083 PMCID: PMC2811576 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM), an abundant, predominantly nucleolar protein that influences numerous cellular processes, was shown to specifically associate with the bodies of messenger RNAs as a result of the process of 3'-end formation. NPM deposition requires polyadenylation but not the 3' cleavage event to occur on the transcript. Furthermore, the protein does not associate with RNAs bearing a preformed poly(A) tail or with mRNAs that have undergone cleavage but not polyadenylation. A region within 10 bases upstream of the AAUAAA element is required for NPM association, but deposition of the protein seems to be sequence independent. NPM association with poly(A)(+) mRNAs was also demonstrated in vivo. NPM, therefore, represents a mark left on transcripts as a result of 3'-end processing and may have a role in one or more of a variety of post-transcriptional processes influenced by the polyadenylation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Palaniswamy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Moraes KCM, Quaresma AJC, Maehnss K, Kobarg J. Identification and characterization of proteins that selectively interact with isoforms of the mRNA binding protein AUF1 (hnRNP D). Biol Chem 2003; 384:25-37. [PMID: 12674497 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNAs that encode certain cytokines and proto-oncogenes frequently contain a typical AU-rich motif that is located in their 3'-untranslated region. The protein AUF1 is the first factor identified that binds to AU-rich regions and mediates the fast degradation of the target mRNAs. AUF1 exists as four different isoforms (p37, p40, p42 and p45) that are generated by alternative splicing. The fact that AUF1 does not degrade mRNA itself had led to the suggestion that other AUF1 interacting proteins might be involved in the process of selective mRNA degradation. Here we used the yeast two-hybrid system in order to identify proteins that bind to AUF1. We detected AUF1 itself, as well as the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I and three RNA binding proteins: NSEP-1, NSAP-1 and IMP-2, as AUF1 interacting proteins. We confirmed all interactions in vitro and mapped the protein domains that are involved in the interaction with AUF1. Gel-shift assays with the recombinant purified proteins suggest that the interacting proteins and AUF1 can bind simultaneously to an AU-rich RNA oligonucleotide. Most interestingly, the AUF1 interacting protein NSEP-1 showed an endoribonuclease activity in vitro. These data suggest the possibility that the identified AUF1 interacting proteins might be involved in the regulation of mRNA stability mediated by AUF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10.000, CP 6192, Campinas, SP, CEP 13084-971, Brazil
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Abstract
The protein AUF1/hnRNP D was one of the first factors identified that binds to the AU-rich region of certain mRNAs and mediates their fast degradation. Here we describe experiments to address the structural determinants for the binding of AUF1 to the RNA by combining comparative molecular modeling with gel shift assays. From our model of the RNA binding region of AUF1 we predicted that it interacts with RNA predominantly through stacking interactions that do not provide base-specific recognition. Only two RNA positions bound by AUF1 show base preferences: one for pyrimidine bases and the second for a conserved adenine residue. Gel shift assays with a panel of RNA oligonucleotides largely confirmed these model-based binding determinants. An alignment with proteins of the hnRNP family demonstrated that the amino acids involved in the stacking interactions are conserved whereas those that confer a base-specific recognition in AUF1 are variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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