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Yang SH, Xiao FR, Lai DM, Wei CK, Tsuang FY. A Dynamic Interbody Cage Improves Bone Formation in Anterior Cervical Surgery: A Porcine Biomechanical Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:2547-2558. [PMID: 34343157 PMCID: PMC8509952 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with a rigid interbody spacer is commonly used in the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease. Although ACDF relieves clinical symptoms, it is associated with several complications such as pseudoarthrosis and adjacent segment degeneration. The concept of dynamic fusion has been proposed to enhance fusion and reduce implant subsidence rate and post-fusion stiffness; this pilot preclinical animal study was conducted to begin to compare rigid and dynamic fusion in ACDF. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Using a pig model, we asked, is there (1) decreased subsidence, (2) reduced axial stiffness in compression, and (3) improved likelihood of bone growth with a dynamic interbody cage compared with a rigid interbody cage in ACDF? METHODS ACDF was performed at two levels, C3/4 and C5/6, in 10 pigs weighing 48 to 55 kg at the age of 14 to 18 months (the pigs were skeletally mature). One level was implanted with a conventional rigid interbody cage, and the other level was implanted with a dynamic interbody cage. The conventional rigid interbody cage was implanted in the upper level in the first five pigs and in the lower level in the next five pigs. Both types of interbody cages were implanted with artificial hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate bone grafts. To assess subsidence, we took radiographs at 0, 7, and 14 weeks postoperatively. Subsidence less than 10% of the disc height was considered as no radiologic abnormality. The animals were euthanized at 14 weeks, and each operated-on motion segment was harvested. Five specimens from each group were biomechanically tested under axial compression loading to determine stiffness. The other five specimens from each group were used for microCT evaluation of bone ingrowth and ongrowth and histologic investigation of bone formation. Sample size was determined based on 80% power and an α of 0.05 to detect a between-group difference of successful bone formation of 15%. RESULTS With the numbers available, there was no difference in subsidence between the two groups. Seven of 10 operated-on levels with rigid cages had subsidence on a follow-up radiograph at 14 weeks, and subsidence occurred in two of 10 operated-on levels with dynamic cages (Fisher exact test; p = 0.07). The stiffness of the unimplanted rigid interbody cages was higher than the unimplanted dynamic interbody cages. After harvesting, the median (range) stiffness of the motion segments fused with dynamic interbody cages (531 N/mm [372 to 802]) was less than that of motion segments fused with rigid interbody cages (1042 N/mm [905 to 1249]; p = 0.002). Via microCT, we observed bone trabecular formation in both groups. The median (range) proportions of specimens showing bone ongrowth (88% [85% to 92%]) and bone volume fraction (87% [72% to 100%]) were higher in the dynamic interbody cage group than bone ongrowth (79% [71% to 81%]; p < 0.001) and bone volume fraction (66% [51% to 78%]; p < 0.001) in the rigid interbody cage group. The percentage of the cage with bone ingrowth was higher in the dynamic interbody cage group (74% [64% to 90%]) than in the rigid interbody cage group (56% [32% to 63%]; p < 0.001), and the residual bone graft percentage was lower (6% [5% to 8%] versus 13% [10% to 20%]; p < 0.001). In the dynamic interbody cage group, more bone formation was qualitatively observed inside the cages than in the rigid interbody cage group, with a smaller area of fibrotic tissue under histologic investigation. CONCLUSION The dynamic interbody cage provided satisfactory stabilization and percentage of bone ongrowth in this in vivo model of ACDF in pigs, with lower stiffness after bone ongrowth and no difference in subsidence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The dynamic interbody cage appears to be worthy of further investigation. An animal study with larger numbers, with longer observation time, with multilevel surgery, and perhaps in the lumbar spine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ren Xiao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ming Lai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kai Wei
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fon-Yih Tsuang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Munt DJ, Qi Y, Dash AK. Comparative evaluation of the Munt-Dash air-interface diffusion chamber and Franz chamber for the in vitro examination of topical spray formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121127. [PMID: 34560210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro diffusion testing of topical formulations has long been examined using Franz diffusion chambers, however, Franz chambers are typically used with relatively large volumes, lack the air/membrane interface present in vivo, and do not account for changes in formula characteristics as solvent evaporates. Here we present our patented Munt-Dash diffusion chamber designed for direct spray application onto a model membrane. Diffusion characteristics from topical spray formulations utilizing both the Munt-Dash chamber and Franz diffusion chambers were evaluated and compared. Using diclofenac sodium and lidocaine hydrochloride as model drugs and shed snakeskin as a model for stratum corneum, test solutions were applied to Franz diffusion chambers using a pipette and to the Munt-Dash chamber using a high-speed syringe pump and sprayer. Both chambers presented permeability data consistent with previously reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Significant differences were observed in permeability by formulation and temperature. This suggests that although Franz chambers produce relevant data, the failure to account for small volumes and drying during application may produce misleading results. The Munt-Dash chamber may improve in vitro testing by providing these factors. This data suggests the Munt-Dash chamber is a suitable alternative to the Franz chamber for topical spray formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yongyue Qi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alekha K Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Herrera M, Molina P, Souza-Smith FM. Ethanol-induced lymphatic endothelial cell permeability via MAP-kinase regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C104-C116. [PMID: 33909502 PMCID: PMC8321794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00039.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol alters the immune system enhancing the susceptibility to inflammation, bacterial, and viral infections in alcohol users. We have shown that alcohol causes increased permeability of mesenteric lymphatic vessels in alcohol-fed rats. The mechanisms of alcohol-induced lymphatic leakage are unknown. Endothelial cell monolayer permeability is controlled by junctional proteins complexes called tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ), and each can be regulated by MAPK activation. We hypothesize that ethanol induces lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) permeability via disruption of LEC TJ through MAPK activation. An in vitro model of rat LECs was used. Ethanol-supplemented medium was added at concentrations of 0, 25, and 50 mM to confluent cells. Resistance-based barrier function, transwell permeability, cell viability, TJ, AJ, and MAPK protein activity, TJ and AJ gene expressions, and the role of p38 MAPK in barrier function regulation were measured. Ethanol increased the permeability of LECs compared to controls that was not associated with decreased cell viability. LECs treated with 50 mM ethanol showed an increase in phosphorylated levels of p38. No significant changes in TJ and AJ gene or protein expressions were observed after ethanol treatment. p38 inhibition prevented ethanol-induced increases in permeability. These findings suggest that p38 may play a role in the regulation of ethanol-induced LEC permeability, but altered permeability may not be associated with decreased TJ or AJ protein expression. Further investigation into junctional protein localization is needed to better understand the effects of ethanol on lymphatic endothelial cell-to-cell contacts and hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Herrera
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia Molina
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Canseco JA, Karamian BA, DiMaria SL, Patel PD, Divi SN, Chang M, Timmons T, Grewal L, Hallman H, Lee JK, Kaye ID, Woods BI, Kurd MF, Anderson DG, Rihn JA, Hilibrand AS, Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD. Static Versus Expandable Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Interbody Cages: A Comparison of One-Year Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes for One-Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion. World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e492-e501. [PMID: 34098137 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of static versus expandable polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cages on both clinical and radiographic outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent one-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with either a static or expandable PEEK cage. Patient outcomes were obtained from chart review and radiographic outcomes were measured using standing, lateral radiographs. Recovery ratios and the proportion of patients achieving the minimally clinically important difference were calculated for Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Physical Component Score-12, Mental Component Score-12, visual analogue scale for back, and visual analogue scale for leg at 1 year and compared between groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of cage type on the change in patient-reported outcome measures, controlling for demographic factors. RESULTS A total of 240 patients (137 static, 103 expandable) were included in the final analysis. ΔPhysical Component Score-12 scores at 3 months were significantly greater for the static group (16.0 vs. 10.0, P = 0.043) compared with the expandable group. Multivariate regression demonstrated that use of an expandable cage was associated with greater improvements in ΔODI (β: -7.82, P = 0.048) at 1 year. No differences were found in the perioperative change in sagittal spinal alignment within or between groups at 1 year. Subsidence rates failed to show any statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with an expandable PEEK cage is an independent predictor of improved ODI scores at 1 year. Our study showed no significant differences in subsidence rates or changes in sagittal spinal alignment between static and expandable PEEK cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Canseco
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian A Karamian
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Stephen L DiMaria
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parthik D Patel
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Srikanth N Divi
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tyler Timmons
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lovy Grewal
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haydn Hallman
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph K Lee
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - I David Kaye
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barrett I Woods
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark F Kurd
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Greg Anderson
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rihn
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory D Schroeder
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Luo L, Liu S, Zhang D, Wei F, Gu N, Zeng Y, Chen X, Xu S, Liu S, Xiang T. Chromogranin A (CGA)-derived polypeptide (CGA 47-66) inhibits TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial hyper-permeability through SOC-related Ca 2+ signaling. Peptides 2020; 131:170297. [PMID: 32380199 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CGA1-78 (Vasostatin-1, VS-1) a N-terminal Chromogranin A (CGA)-derived peptide, has been shown to have a protective effect against TNF-α-induced impairment of endothelial cell integrity. However, the mechanisms of this effect have not yet been clarified. CGA47-66 (Chromofungin, CHR) is an important bioactive fragment of CGA1-78. The present study aims to explore the protective effects of CHR on the vascular endothelial cell barrier response to TNF-α and its related Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. EA.hy926 cells were used as a vascular endothelial culture model. The synthetic peptides CHR and CGA4-16 were assessed for their ability to suppress TNF-α-induced EA.hy926 cells hyper-permeability through Transwell® and TEER assays. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured through confocal laser scanning microscopy. SOC channel currents (Isoc) were measured via patch-clamp analysis. RT-PCR and western blot were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression of the transient receptor potential channels TRPC1 and TRPC4, respectively. FITC and rhodamine-phalloidin fluorescence were used to assess cell morphology and the distribution of MyPT-1 and F-actin. Compared to untreated cells, TNF-α increased the permeability of EA.hy926 cells that was inhibited by pre-treatment with CHR (10-1000 nM) in concentration-dependent manner, and the effect was most obvious at 100 nM, but CGA4-16 (100 nM) had no effect. TNF-α treatment increased the phosphorylation of MyPT-1 and stress fiber formation. CHR (10-1000 nM) pretreatment inhibited the cytoskeletal rearrangements and increased [Ca2+]i in response to TNF-α treatment. CHR also reduced TRPC1 expression following TNF-α induction. Similar to SOC inhibitor 2-APB, CHR suppressed IP3 mediated SOC activation. These findings suggest that CHR inhibits TNF-α-induced Ca2+ influx and protects the barrier function of vascular endothelial cells, and that these effects are related to the inhibition of SOC and Ca2+ signaling by CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Emergency, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
| | - SiYi Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - NiNa Gu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - XiaoYing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - ShuKe Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Department of Emergency, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
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Abstract
Agar have long been used as a growth media for plants. Here, we made agar media with embedded fluidic channels to study the effect of exposure to nutrient solution on root growth and pull-out force. Black Eye bean (Vigna Unguiculata) and Mung bean (Vigna Radiata) were used in this study due to their rapid root development. Agar media were fabricated using casting process with removable cores to form channels which were subsequently filled with nutrient solution. Upon germination, beans were transplanted onto the agar media and allowed to grow. Pull-out force was determined at 96, 120 and 144 h after germination by applying a force on the hypocotyl above the gel surface. The effect of nutrients was investigated by comparing corresponding data obtained from control plants which have not been exposed to nutrient solution. Pull-out force of Black Eye bean plantlets grown in agar with nutrient solution in channels was greater than those grown in gel without nutrients and was 110% greater after 144 h of germination. Pull-out force of Mung bean plantlets grown in agar with and without nutrient solution was similar. Tap root lengths of Black Eye bean and Mung Bean plantlets grown in agar with nutrient solution are shorter than those grown without nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlan Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei
| | - Kai Boon Lim
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei
| | | | | | - Abu Samah Zuruzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Jeong JH, Ryu JH. Broussoflavonol B from Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Exerts Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity through Downregulating FoxM1. Molecules 2020; 25:E2328. [PMID: 32429421 PMCID: PMC7287790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to poor rates of early diagnosis. One tumor suppressor gene in particular, p53, is frequently mutated in pancreatic cancer, and mutations in p53 can inactivate normal wild type p53 activity and increase expression of transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). Overexpression of FoxM1 accelerates cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Therefore, inhibition of FoxM1 represents a therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer. Broussoflavonol B (BF-B), isolated from the stem bark of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate whether BF-B exhibits anti-pancreatic cancer activity and if so, identify the underlying mechanism. BF-B reduced cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells (p53 mutated). Interestingly, BF-B down-regulated FoxM1 expression at both the mRNA and protein level. It also suppressed the expression of FoxM1 downstream target genes, such as cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and survivin. Cell cycle analysis showed that BF-B induced the arrest of G0/G1 phase. BF-B reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK½) and expression of ERK½ downstream effector c-Myc, which regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore, BF-B inhibited cell migration and invasion, which are downstream functional properties of FoxM1. These results suggested that BF-B could repress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by inactivation of the ERK/c-Myc/FoxM1 signaling pathway. Broussoflavonol B from Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold may represent a novel chemo-therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
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Fezza M, Moussa M, Aoun R, Haber R, Hilal G. DKK1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma inflammation, migration and invasion: Implication of TGF-β1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223252. [PMID: 31568519 PMCID: PMC6768474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), an inhibitor of the most frequently impaired signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, seems to fulfill contradictory functions in the process of tumorigenesis, acting either as an oncogenic promoter of metastasis or as a tumor suppressor. Elevated serum levels of DKK1 have been reported in HCC; however, little is known about its functional significance. In the current study, we treated HepG2/C3A and PLC/PRF/5 with the recombinant protein DKK1. Cytotoxicity was first determined by the WST-8 assay. AFP expression was measured at both the mRNA and protein levels. Expression of the oncogenes MYC, CCND1, hTERT, and MDM2 and the tumor suppressor genes TP53, P21 and RB was assessed. Western blot analysis of non-phosphorylated ẞ-catenin and Sanger sequencing were performed to explain the functional differences between the two cell lines. Subsequently, inflammation, migration and invasion were evaluated by qPCR, ELISA, the Boyden chamber assay, zymography, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 western blot analysis. Knockdown of DKK1 and TGF-β1 were also performed. Our results suggest that DKK1 exerts an oncogenic effect on HepG2/C3A cell line by upregulating the expression of oncogenes and downregulating that of tumor suppressor genes, whereas the opposite effect was demonstrated in PLC/PRF/5 cells. This differential impact of DKK1 can be explained by the mutations that affect the canonical Wnt pathway that were detected in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene in the HepG2 cell line. We further confirmed that DKK1 promotes inflammation, tumor invasion and migration in both cell types. The canonical pathway was not responsible for the DKK1 proinvasive effect, as indicated by the active ẞ-catenin levels in the two cell lines upon DKK1 treatment. Interestingly, knockdown of TGF-β1 negatively affected the DKK1 proinvasive effect. Taken together, DKK1 appears to facilitate tumor invasion and migration through TGF- β1 by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and inducing inflammation. This finding endorses the relevance of TGF-β1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Fezza
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayssam Moussa
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Aoun
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Haber
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Bolla PK, Meraz CA, Rodriguez VA, Deaguero I, Singh M, Yellepeddi VK, Renukuntla J. Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173139. [PMID: 31470517 PMCID: PMC6749186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulations of clotrimazole are intended to treat infections by effective penetration of drugs into the stratum corneum. However, drawbacks such as poor dermal bioavailability, poor penetration, and variable drug levels limit the efficiency. The present study aims to load clotrimazole into ufosomes and evaluate its topical bioavailability. Clotrimazole loaded ufosomes were prepared using cholesterol and sodium oleate by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency to obtain optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Skin diffusion studies and tape-stripping were performed using human skin to determine the amount of clotrimazole accumulated in different layers of the skin. Results showed that the optimized formulation had vesicle size <250 nm with ~84% entrapment efficiency. XRD and DSC confirmed the entrapment of clotrimazole into ufosomes. No permeation was observed through the skin up to 24 h following the permeation studies. Tape-stripping revealed that ufosomes led to accumulation of more clotrimazole in the skin compared to marketed formulation (Perrigo). Overall, results revealed the capability of ufosomes in improving the skin bioavailability of clotrimazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Carlos A Meraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Victor A Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Isaac Deaguero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mahima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jwala Renukuntla
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27240, USA.
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Ezure T, Sugahara M, Amano S. Senescent dermal fibroblasts negatively influence fibroblast extracellular matrix-related gene expression partly via secretion of complement factor D. Biofactors 2019; 45:556-562. [PMID: 31026383 PMCID: PMC6850482 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decrease of extracellular matrix and an increase of senescent cells in the dermal layer. Here, to examine whether and how senescent cells are involved in aging-related deterioration of the dermal layer, we cocultured dermal young fibroblasts (low-passage number) with senescent cells (high-passage number) in Transwells, in which the two cell types are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Young fibroblasts in coculture showed decreased collagen type I alpha 1 chain and elastin gene expression, and increased matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) gene expression. To identify causative factors, we compared gene expression of young and senescent cells and selected candidate secretory factors whose expression was increased by ≥2.5 in senescent fibroblasts. Then, we used siRNAs to knock down each of the 11 candidate genes in senescent fibroblasts in the coculture system. Knockdown of complement factor D (CFD) in senescent fibroblasts significantly reduced the increase of MMP1 in the cocultured young fibroblasts. In monocultures, treatment of young fibroblasts with CFD resulted in increased MMP1 gene expression, while knockdown of CFD in senescent fibroblasts decreased MMP1 gene expression. In addition, production of CFD was increased in culture medium of untreated senescent fibroblasts. Furthermore, CFD gene and protein expression were increased in the dermal layer of skin specimens from aged subjects (>70 years old), compared to young subjects (<20 years old). Overall, these results suggest that senescent cells negatively influence matrix production and promote degradation of nearby fibroblasts in the dermal layer, in part through secretion of CFD.
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11
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Wilson L, Iqbal KM, Simmons-Ehrhardt T, Bertino MF, Shah MR, Yadavalli VK, Ehrhardt CJ. Customizable 3D printed diffusion chambers for studies of bacterial pathogen phenotypes in complex environments. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 162:8-15. [PMID: 31085208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gaps in our understanding of the natural ecology and survival mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in complex microenvironments such as soil typically occur due to the difficulty in characterizing biochemical profiles and morphological characteristics as they exist in environmental samples. Conversely, accurate simulation of the abiotic and biotic chemistries of soil habitats within the laboratory is often a significant challenge. Herein, we present the fabrication of customizable and precisely engineered 3D printed diffusion chambers that can be used to incubate bacterial cultures directly in soil matrices within a controlled laboratory experiment, and study the dynamics between bacterial cells and soil components. As part of the design process, different types of 3D printing materials were evaluated for ease of sterilization, structural integrity throughout the experiment, as well as cost/ease of production. To demonstrate potential applications for environmental studies, the diffusion chamber was used to incubate cultures of Bacillus cereus T-strain and Escherichia coli strain O157 directly in soil matrices. We show that the chamber facilitates diffusion of abiotic/biotic components of the soil with target cells without contamination from in situ microbial communities, while allowing for single cell and ensemble level phenotypic analyses of bacteria cultured with and without soil matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyddia Wilson
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | | | - Terrie Simmons-Ehrhardt
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - Massimo F Bertino
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | | | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Ehrhardt
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States of America.
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12
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Macarie RD, Vadana M, Ciortan L, Tucureanu MM, Ciobanu A, Vinereanu D, Manduteanu I, Simionescu M, Butoi E. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 is up-regulated by smooth muscle cells after their cross-talk with macrophages in high glucose conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4366-4376. [PMID: 29992758 PMCID: PMC6111860 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease-related death, exhibiting highly vulnerable plaques. Many studies have highlighted the major role of macrophages (MAC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) and the essential part of metalloproteases (MMPs) in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. We hypothesize that in diabetes, the interplay between MAC and SMC in high glucose conditions may modify the expression of MMPs involved in plaque vulnerability. The SMC-MAC cross-talk was achieved using trans-well chambers, where human SMC were grown at the bottom and human MAC in the upper chamber in normal (NG) or high (HG) glucose concentration. After cross-talk, the conditioned media and cells were isolated and investigated for the expression of MMPs, MCP-1 and signalling molecules. We found that upon cross-talk with MAC in HG, SMC exhibit: (i) augmented expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9; (ii) significant increase in the enzymatic activity of MMP-9; (iii) higher levels of soluble MCP-1 chemokine which is functionally active and involved in MMPs up-regulation; (iv) activated PKCα signalling pathway which, together with NF-kB are responsible for MMP-1 and MMP-9 up-regulation, and (v) impaired function of collagen assembly. Taken together, our data indicate that MCP-1 released by cell cross-talk in diabetic conditions binds to CCR2 and triggers MMP-1 and MMP-9 over-expression and activity, features that could explain the high vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque found at diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Daniel Macarie
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Mihaela Vadana
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Letitia Ciortan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Monica M. Tucureanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Andrea Ciobanu
- Cardiology DepartmentCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University and Emergency Hospital BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- Cardiology DepartmentCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University and Emergency Hospital BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
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Chen CY, Melo E, Jakob P, Friedlein A, Elsässer B, Goettig P, Kueppers V, Delobel F, Stucki C, Dunkley T, Fauser S, Schilling O, Iacone R. N-Terminomics identifies HtrA1 cleavage of thrombospondin-1 with generation of a proangiogenic fragment in the polarized retinal pigment epithelial cell model of age-related macular degeneration. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:84-101. [PMID: 29572155 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population. Variants in the HTRA1-ARMS2 locus have been linked to increased AMD risk. In the present study we investigated the impact of elevated HtrA1 levels on the retina pigment epithelial (RPE) secretome using a polarized culture system. Upregulation of HtrA1 alters the abundance of key proteins involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Thrombospondin-1, an angiogenesis modulator, was identified as a substrate for HtrA1 using terminal amine isotope labeling of substrates in conjunction with HtrA1 specificity profiling. HtrA1 cleavage of thrombospondin-1 was further corroborated by in vitro cleavage assays and targeted proteomics together with small molecule inhibition of HtrA1. While thrombospondin-1 is anti-angiogenic, the proteolytically released N-terminal fragment promotes the formation of tube-like structure by endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a mechanism by which increased levels of HtrA1 may contribute to AMD pathogenesis. The proteomic data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier. For quantitative secretome analysis, project accession: PXD007691, username: reviewer45093@ebi.ac.uk, password: 1FUpS6Yq. For TAILS analysis, project accession: PXD007139, username: reviewer76731@ebi.ac.uk, password: sNbMp7xK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Melo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jakob
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Friedlein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Elsässer
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Goettig
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Kueppers
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Delobel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Stucki
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Dunkley
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Lu X, Gao J, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Cai H, Zhang T. CTEN induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in non small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198823. [PMID: 29985912 PMCID: PMC6037349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects and mechanism of CTEN (COOH-terminus tensin-like molecule) on EMT, cell migration and invasion of Human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The pCMV-vector, pCMV-CTEN, Control-shRNA, and CTEN-shRNA were transfected into A549 and NCI-H1299 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related biomarkers were detected by eliseand western blot. The migration and invasion ability of A549 cells and NCI-H1299 were examined by scratch-wound assay and transwell assay respectively. We found compare with control group, the expression of TGF-β and mesenchymal markers in CTEN overexpression group were increased, and the epithelial marker was decreased, which induced the EMT process. Meanwhile, scratch-woundassay showed that the migration efficiency of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells in CTEN overexpression group were higher than that in control group.Transwell assay demonstrated that the number of cells that migrated and invaded through the membrane were obviously more than those in control group.Furthermore, Knockdown of CTEN partially reversed transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced changes in EMT markers. In conclusion, CTEN activated the expression of TGF-β1, thereby prompting EMT in lung adenocareinma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | | | - Tingrong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kipiani E. CHARACTERISTICS OF GAMMA OSCILLATIONS INDUCED BY KAINATE PRESSURE EJECTION ON CA1 HIPPOCAMPUS OF MICE BRAIN SLICES IN SUBMERGED CHAMBERS. Georgian Med News 2018:158-162. [PMID: 29905563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim - mostly, gamma oscillations are studied in interface-type chambers. The purpose of the presented investigation is to describe the characteristics of gamma oscillations induced in submerged chambers by kainite pressure ejection. Horizontal combined entorhynal-hippocampal slices 300-350 µm were prepared from young mice (P18-28). Gamma oscillations were induced by 1 mM kainite pressure ejection at the boundary of stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of area CA1. Field potential recordings were registered from the vicinity of kainite application. Induced CA1 local field potential (LFP) oscillations were brief (7.55±3.77 sec.) and had heterogeneous nature; they could be divided into three epochs: well developed initial part of oscillation, middle part with reduced gamma power and last part of the rhythm with sporadic immergence of sparse (3 to 5) gamma cycles. Generally, initial parts of oscillations had higher amplitude and frequency than the middle part of it. Induction of consecutive gamma oscillations did not depend on the duration of the time intervals between oscillations. Their amplitude was affected by the order of induction but not by time intervals between oscillations. Neither the frequency was affected by the order of induced activities in the same slice. However, comparatively lower frequency oscillations were recorded after long time intervals between gamma activities. Induction of CA1 gamma oscillations in submerged conditions will offer significant experimental advantage, like using patch-clamp techniques to study the mechanism of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kipiani
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Charite, Berlin, Germany; Department of Informatics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, St. Andrew the First, Tbilisi, Georgia
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16
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Rajapakse D, Peterson K, Mishra S, Wistow G. Serum starvation of ARPE-19 changes the cellular distribution of cholesterol and Fibulin3 in patterns reminiscent of age-related macular degeneration. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:333-341. [PMID: 29097185 PMCID: PMC5701823 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated as key source of cholesterol-rich deposits at Bruch's membrane (BrM) and in drusen in aging human eye. We have shown that serum-deprivation of confluent RPE cells is associated with upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC). Here we investigate the cellular processes involved in this response. We compared the distribution and localization of UC and esterified cholesterol (EC); the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated EFEMP1/Fibulin3 (Fib3); and levels of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT) ACAT1, ACAT2 and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in ARPE-19 cells cultured in serum-supplemented and serum-free media. The results were compared with distributions of these lipids and proteins in human donor eyes with AMD. Serum deprivation of ARPE-19 was associated with increased formation of FM dye-positive membrane vesicles, many of which co-labeled for UC. Additionally, UC colocalized with Fib3 in distinct granules. By day 5, serum-deprived cells grown on transwells secreted Fib3 basally into the matrix. While mRNA and protein levels of ACTA1 were constant over several days of serum-deprivation, ACAT2 levels increased significantly after serum-deprivation, suggesting increased formation of EC. The lower levels of intracellular EC observed under serum-deprivation were associated with increased formation and secretion of ApoB. The responses to serum-deprivation in RPE-derived cells: accumulation and secretion of lipids, lipoproteins, and Fib3 are very similar to patterns seen in human donor eyes with AMD and suggest that this model mimics processes relevant to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha Rajapakse
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Katherine Peterson
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sanghamitra Mishra
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Graeme Wistow
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Russu IZ, Rodionova NK, Bilko DI, Bilko NM. Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells of rats' bone marrow under chronic action of ionizing radiation. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2017; 22:224-230. [PMID: 29286509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Under the influence of ionizing radiation on hematopoietic system, the level of its injury is determined not only by the radiosensitivity of hematopoietic stem cells, but also by radiation induced changes in microenvironment func tioning, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells as its components. OBJECTIVE to define functioning characteristics of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells of rats' bone marrow under prolonged action of ionizing radiation as a result of 90Sr incorporation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied the model of Wistar rats' internal irradiation with 90Sr radionuclide and per formed the in vitro cultivation of their bone marrow mesenchymal cells. Colony forming efficiency in the in vitro cell culture was determined, as well as the possibility of these cells to form feeder layers and to support rat bone mar row hematopoietic cells in the culture of diffusion chambers in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We established that chronic action of incorporated 90Sr radionuclide induced considerable decrease in proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells comparing to control, as well as the inhibition of the capability to prolonged support of hematopoietic processes in vitro by their feeder layers.Thus, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their closest progeny - progenitor cells were characterized by rather high radiosensitivity under the influence of ionizing radiation, which was revealed in considerable decline of their functional activity in cell culture in vitro comparing to control indices as a result of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Z Russu
- National University «Kyiv Mohyla Academy», Skovorody Str., 2, Kyiv, 04655 Ukraine
| | - N K Rodionova
- Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str., 45, Kyiv, 03022 Ukraine
| | - D I Bilko
- National University «Kyiv Mohyla Academy», Skovorody Str., 2, Kyiv, 04655 Ukraine
| | - N M Bilko
- National University «Kyiv Mohyla Academy», Skovorody Str., 2, Kyiv, 04655 Ukraine
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18
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Monfoulet LE, Mercier S, Bayle D, Tamaian R, Barber-Chamoux N, Morand C, Milenkovic D. Curcumin modulates endothelial permeability and monocyte transendothelial migration by affecting endothelial cell dynamics. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:109-120. [PMID: 28739530 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a phenolic compound that exhibits beneficial properties for cardiometabolic health. We previously showed that curcumin reduced the infiltration of immune cells into the vascular wall and prevented atherosclerosis development in mice. This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration (TEM) and to decipher the underlying mechanisms of these actions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to curcumin (0.5-1μM) for 3h prior to their activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). Endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration assays were conducted under static condition and shear stress that mimics blood flow. We further investigated the impact of curcumin on signaling pathways and on the expression of genes using macroarrays. Pre-exposure of endothelial cells to curcumin reduced monocyte adhesion and their transendothelial migration in both static and shear stress conditions. Curcumin also prevented changes in both endothelial permeability and the area of HUVECs when induced by TNF-α. We showed that curcumin modulated the expression of 15 genes involved in the control of cytoskeleton and endothelial junction dynamic. Finally, we showed that curcumin inhibited NF-κB signaling likely through an antagonist interplay with several kinases as suggested by molecular docking analysis. Our findings demonstrate the ability of curcumin to reduce monocyte TEM through a multimodal regulation of the endothelial cell dynamics with a potential benefit on the vascular endothelial function barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Mercier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bayle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Radu Tamaian
- Research and Development Department, National Institute for Research and Development for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, RO-240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania; SC Biotech Corp SRL, RO-240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Nicolas Barber-Chamoux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Cardiologie, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Pan J, Li K, Huang W, Zhang X. MiR-137 inhibited cell proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via targeting IGFBP-5 and modulating the mTOR/STAT3 signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186245. [PMID: 29016699 PMCID: PMC5634643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown the great impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the cell proliferation of VSMCs. This study examined the effects of miR-137 on the cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs and also explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot assays, respectively. The CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were performed to measure cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs. The miR-137-targeted 3’untranslated region of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb) treatment enhanced cell proliferation and suppressed the expression of miR-137 in VSMCs. The gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays showed that overexpression of miR-137 suppressed the cell proliferation and migration, and also inhibited the expression of matrix genes of VSMCs; down-regulation of miR-137 had the opposite effects on VSMCs. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase report assay results showed that IGFBP-5 was a direct target of miR-137, and miR-137 overexpression suppressed the IGFBP-5 expression and down-regulation of miR-137 increased the IGFBP-5 expression in VSMCs. PDGF-bb treatment also increased the IGFBP-5 mRNA expression. In addition, enforced expression of IGFBP-5 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-137 on cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs. More importantly, overexpression of miR-137 also suppressed the activity of mTOR/STAT3 signaling in VSMCs. Taken together, the results suggest that miR-137 may suppress cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs via targeting IGFBP-5 and modulating mTOR/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Pan
- Clinical Medical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
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Ohgawara H, Miyazaki J, Karibe S, Tashiro F, Akaike T, Hashimoto Y. Embedded-Culture of Pancreatic β-Cells Derived from Transgenic Mouse Insulinoma as a Potential Source for Xenotransplantation using a Diffusion Chamber. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:307-13. [PMID: 7640870 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedded-culture of pancreatic β-cells derived from a transgenic mouse insulinoma (MIN6 cells) was studied in vitro and in vivo. The MIN6 cells were enmeshed in an agarose-PVMA-collagen matrix for long-term maintenance. The cells formed islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) in the mixed matrix. When 10 mmol/L nicotinamide was added to these cultures the cells secreted insulin in response to various concentrations of glucose, whereas the untreated control cells were unresponsive. Both control and nicotinamide-treated MIN6 cells exhibited normal β-cell function for up to 35 days in the mixed matrix, and the cells were much better preserved with nicotinamide than without it. MIN6 cells were suspended in the mixed matrix with nicotinamide and transferred into diffusion chambers to create a bio-artificial endocrine pancreas (Bio-AEP). In streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats with implanted Bio-AEP but without any immunosuppressants, a return to normoglycaemia was observed for up to 12 wk or more after transplantation. Our results indicate that nicotinamide-treated MIN6 cells embedded in a mixed matrix should be useful for the study of xenotransplantation and the development of a bioartificial endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohgawara
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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Emerich DF, Bruhn S, Chu Y, Kordower JH. Cellular Delivery of Cntf but not Nt-4/5 Prevents Degeneration of Striatal Neurons in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017; 7:213-25. [PMID: 9588602 DOI: 10.1177/096368979800700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of neurotrophic factors to the central nervous system (CNS) has gained considerable attention as a potential treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease (HD). In the present study, we directly compared the ability of two neurotrophic factors, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), to prevent the degeneration of striatal neurons following intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid (QA). Expression vectors containing either the human CNTF or NT-4/5 gene were transfected into a baby hamster kidney fibroblast cell line (BHK). Using a polymeric device, encapsulated BHK-control cells and those secreting either CNTF (BHK-CNTF) or NT-4/5 (BHK-NT-4/5) were transplanted unilaterally into the rat lateral ventricle. Seven days later, the same animals received unilateral injections of QA (225 nmol) into the ipsilateral striatum. Nissl-stained sections demonstrated that the BHK-CNTF cells significantly reduced the volume of striatal damage produced by QA. Quantitative analysis of striatal neurons further demonstrated that both choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)- and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive neurons were protected by CNTF implants. In contrast, the volume of striatal damage and loss of striatal ChAT and GAD-positive neurons in animals receiving BHK-NT-4/5 implants did not differ from control-implanted animals. These results help better define the scope of neuronal protection that can be afforded following cellular delivery of various neurotrophic factors. Moreover, these data further support the concept that implants of polymer-encapsulated CNTF-releasing cells can be used to protect striatal neurons from excitotoxic damage, and that this strategy may ultimately prove relevant for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Emerich
- CytoTherapeutics, Inc., Providence, RI 02906, USA
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Abstract
Immunobarrier devices may prevent immune destruction of transplanted islets, but there are concerns about survival within such devices. Islets were transplanted in diffusion chambers that employed two laminated polytetrafluoroethylene membranes held together with titanium rings. Five hundred syngeneic mouse islets placed in devices were transplanted into the epididymal fat pads of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice (B6AF1). After 2 wk the devices were removed. Sections were made parallel to the membrane surface. Eight to 13 systematically selected sections of each device were analyzed by planimetry to determine the area of the device space and of the islets within that space. From these data we estimated total volume of the device, volume of islets, and number of islets in a device. The data were segregated into two groups: group I (blood glucose less than 100 mg/dL 2 wk after implantation), and group II (over 150 mg/dL). The volume (mean + SE) of devices implanted for 2 wk was 2.1 + 0.4 μL in group I and 2.2 + 0.2 μL in group II. The islet volume and number within devices were 0.30 + 0.06 and 0.17 + 0.01 μL, or 340 + 50 and 230 + 20 islets in group I and group II, respectively. The volume of fibrous tissue in devices was about 0.50 μL. About 10% of the islet tissue had central necrosis. The beta cell volume in a membrane device needed for cure is comparable to that required with islets under the kidney capsule (0.25-0.80 μL). The mass of islets contained within membrane devices needed to cure diabetes is equivalent to that of a graft in an optimal transplant site such as under the kidney capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
Immunobarrier devices may prevent the immune destruction of pancreatic islets transplanted into diabetic recipients, but there are concerns about the survival of islets within such devices. In this manuscript we described a method for estimating islet mass and number within a membrane device. Five hundred syngeneic mouse islets were placed in a membrane device, which was then transplanted into the epididymal space of streptozotocin diabetic mouse. After 14 days the device was removed from the recipient, fixed, and embedded in paraffin. Sections were made and then stained with hematoxylin. From a total of 58 sections, 12 sample sections were selected for analysis by computerized planimetry to determine area of the device chamber and the islet area for each of these sections. By making certain assumptions, it was possible to estimate the total volume of the device chamber, the number of islets contained within the chamber, and the mass of islet tissue. Two weeks after implantation of the chamber, into which approximately 500 microencapsulated islets were loaded, the blood glucose level of the recipient fell to 73 mg/dL. The volume of the device chamber, the total volume of islets in the device, and the total islet number within the device were 1.78 μL, 0.57 μL, and 277 islets, respectively. The detailed methodology, assumptions, and calculations for this approach are described in this manuscript. This new method makes it possible to determine islet mass within a membrane device by analyzing a relatively small number of selected sections. This approach should make it possible to carry out comprehensive studies on the fate of transplanted islets contained in such immunobarrier membrane devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Huang Y, Liu Z, Cao BB, Qiu YH, Peng YP. Treg Cells Protect Dopaminergic Neurons against MPP+ Neurotoxicity via CD47-SIRPA Interaction. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:1240-1254. [PMID: 28268219 DOI: 10.1159/000464388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been associated with neuroprotection by inhibiting microglial activation in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system. Herein, we show that Treg cells directly protect dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity via an interaction between the two transmembrane proteins CD47 and signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA). METHODS Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cells or VM neurons were pretreated with Treg cells before MPP+ treatment. Transwell co-culture of Treg cells and VM neurons was used to assess the effects of the Treg cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 on dopaminergic neurons. Live cell imaging system detected a dynamic contact of Treg cells with VM neurons that were stained with CD47 and SIRPA, respectively. Dopaminergic neuronal loss, which was assessed by the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive cells, was examined after silencing CD47 in Treg cells or silencing SIRPA in VM neurons. RESULTS Treg cells prevented MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss and glial inflammatory responses. TGF-β1 and IL-10 secreted from Treg cells did not significantly prevent MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in transwell co-culture of Treg cells and VM neurons. CD47 and SIRPA were expressed by Treg cells and VM neurons, respectively. CD47-labeled Treg cells dynamically contacted with SIRPA-labeled VM neurons. Silencing CD47 gene in Treg cells impaired the ability of Treg cells to protect dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ toxicity. Similarly, SIRPA knockdown in VM neurons reduced the ability of Treg cell neuroprotection. Rac1/Akt signaling pathway in VM neurons was activated by CD47-SIRPA interaction between Treg cells and the neurons. Inhibiting Rac1/Akt signaling in VM neurons compromised Treg cell neuroprotection. CONCLUSION Treg cells protect dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ neurotoxicity by a cell-to-cell contact mechanism underlying CD47-SIRPA interaction and Rac1/Akt activation.
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Hao R, Wei Y, Li C, Chen F, Chen D, Zhao X, Luan S, Fan B, Guo W, Wang J, Chen J. A Microfabricated 96-Well 3D Assay Enabling High-Throughput Quantification of Cellular Invasion Capabilities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43390. [PMID: 28240272 PMCID: PMC5327465 DOI: 10.1038/srep43390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a 96-well microfabricated assay to study three-dimensional (3D) invasion of tumor cells. A 3D cluster of tumor cells was first generated within each well by seeding cells onto a micro-patterned surface consisting of a central fibronectin-coated area that promotes cellular attachment, surrounded by a poly ethylene glycol (PEG) coated area that is resistant to cellular attachment. Following the formation of the 3D cell clusters, a 3D collagen extracellular matrix was formed in each well by thermal-triggered gelation. Invasion of the tumor cells into the extracellular matrix was subsequently initiated and monitored. Two modes of cellular infiltration were observed: A549 cells invaded into the extracellular matrix following the surfaces previously coated with PEG molecules in a pseudo-2D manner, while H1299 cells invaded into the extracellular matrix in a truly 3D manner including multiple directions. Based on the processing of 2D microscopic images, a key parameter, namely, equivalent invasion distance (the area of invaded cells divided by the circumference of the initial cell cluster) was obtained to quantify migration capabilities of these two cell types. These results validate the feasibility of the proposed platform, which may function as a high-throughput 3D cellular invasion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Chaobo Li
- Microelectronics Equipment Research and Development Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Shaoliang Luan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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Li J, Chen L, Xiong Y, Zheng X, Xie Q, Zhou Q, Shi L, Wu C, Jiang J, Wang H. Knockdown of PD-L1 in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Inhibits Tumor Progression and Improves the Cytotoxic Sensitivity to CIK Therapy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:907-920. [PMID: 28222426 DOI: 10.1159/000460504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Abstract: PD-L1 has been an important target of cancer immunotherapy. We have showed that in human gastric cancer tissues, over-expression of PD-L1 was significantly associated with cancer progression and patients' postoperative prognoses. However, as of now, how PD-L1 regulates the biological function of gastric cancer cells still remains elusive. METHODS We constructed the stable PD-L1 knockdown expression gastric cancer cell lines by using RNAi method, and further investigated the changes of biological functions including cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenicity in vivo, and the cytotoxic sensitivity to CIK therapy, in contrast to the control cells. RESULTS In the current study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of PD-L1 expression in human gastric cancer cells could significantly suppress the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, tumorigenicity in vivo and the cytotoxic sensitivity to CIK therapy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PD-L1 contributes towards transformation and progression of human gastric cancer cells, and its intervention could prove to be an important therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
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Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of 90% of human cancer deaths. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood and/or lymphatic vessels are cells shed from primary tumors and considered to be precursors of metastasis. Study of CTCs allows the serial monitoring of tumor progression and may provide predictive and prognostic biomarkers in clinic. Current CTC isolation and detection technologies encounter several challenges, including: heterogeneity of CTCs, low cell viability and/or high rate of contamination post-isolation, and the inability to distinguish viable/invasive from nonviable/nonfunctional CTCs, all of which can limit in vitro and in vivo characterization of CTCs. Here, we describe a new method to detect and enumerate of CTCs based on their invasive property.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cell Survival
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient/methods
- Collagen/chemistry
- Diffusion Chambers, Culture
- Drug Combinations
- Ficoll/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/immunology
- Keratins/metabolism
- Laminin/chemistry
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Proteoglycans/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtong Liu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit No. 1013, Room S7.8336A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit No. 1013, Room S7.8336A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Chersoni S, Suppa P, Grandini S, Goracci C, Monticelli F, Yiu C, Huang C, Prati C, Breschi L, Ferrari M, Pashley DH, Tay FR. In vivo and in vitro Permeability of One-step Self-etch Adhesives. J Dent Res 2016; 83:459-64. [PMID: 15153452 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive dentistry should effectively restore the peripheral seal of dentin after enamel removal. We hypothesize that non-rinsing, simplified, one-step self-etch adhesives are effective for minimizing dentin permeability after tooth preparation procedures. Crown preparations in vital human teeth were sealed with Adper Prompt, Xeno III, iBond, or One-Up Bond F. Epoxy resin replicas were produced from polyvinyl siloxane impressions for SEM examination. Dentin surfaces from extracted human teeth were bonded with these adhesives and connected to a fluid-transport model for permeability measurements and TEM examination. Dentinal fluid droplets were observed from adhesive surfaces in resin replicas of in vivo specimens. In vitro fluid conductance of dentin bonded with one-step self-etch adhesives was either similar to or greater than that of smear-layer-covered dentin. TEM revealed water trees within the adhesives that facilitate water movement across the polymerized, highly permeable adhesives. Both in vitro and in vivo results did not support the proposed hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chersoni
- Department of Dental Science, University of Bologna, Italy
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Kwon RJ, Han ME, Kim JY, Liu L, Kim YH, Jung JS, Oh SO. ZHX1 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165516. [PMID: 27835650 PMCID: PMC5105949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) is a transcription repressor that has been associated with the progressions of hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. However, the functional roles of ZHX1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not been determined. We investigated the expression and roles of ZHX1 during the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CCA cells. In silico analysis and immunohistochemical studies showed amplification and overexpression of ZHX1 in CCA tissues. Furthermore, ZHX1 knockdown using specific siRNAs decreased CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas ZHX1 overexpression promoted all three characteristics. In addition, results suggested EGR1 might partially mediate the effect of ZHX1 on the proliferation of CCA cells. Taken together, these results show ZHX1 promotes CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and present ZHX1 as a potential target for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuk-Jun Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Liangwen Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sup Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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da Silva BDO, Lima KF, Gonçalves LR, da Silveira MB, Moraes KCM. MicroRNA Profiling of the Effect of the Heptapeptide Angiotensin-(1-7) in A549 Lung Tumor Cells Reveals a Role for miRNA149-3p in Cellular Migration Processes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162094. [PMID: 27598578 PMCID: PMC5012581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer in humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. The high mortality rates are correlated with late diagnosis, which leads to high rates of metastasis found in patients. Thus, despite all the improvement in therapeutic approaches, the development of new drugs that control cancer cell migration and metastasis are required. The heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] has demonstrated the ability to control the growth rates of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the elucidation of central elements that control the fine-tuning of cancer cells migration in the presence of the ang-(1-7), will support the development of new therapeutic approaches. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this study investigates the modulatory effect of the heptapeptide on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung tumor cells, to elucidate mechanistic concerns about the effect of the peptide in the control of tumor migratory processes. Our primary aim was to compare the miRNA profiling between treated and untreated-heptapeptide cells to characterize the relevant molecule that modulates cellular migration rates. The analyses selected twenty one miRNAs, which are differentially expressed between the groups; however, statistical analyses indicated miRNA-149-3p as a relevant molecule. Once functional analyses were performed, we demonstrated that miRNA-149-3p plays a role in the cellular migration processes. This information could be useful for future investigations on drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelvin Furtado Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departament of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Adigun CG, Vlahovic TC, McClellan MB, Thakker KD, Klein RR, Elstrom TA, Ward DB. Efinaconazole 10% and Tavaborole 5% Penetrate Across Poly-ureaurethane 16%: Results of In Vitro Release Testing and Clinical Implications of Onychodystrophy in Onychomycosis. J Drugs Dermatol 2016; 15:1116-1120. [PMID: 27602975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-ureaurethane has been previously described for the management of dry, brittle, and in general, dystrophic nails. The polymer yields a waterproof, breathable barrier to protect the nail plate and prevent further damage to the nail, while regulating transonychial water loss (TOWL). Because nail dystrophy and dessication are contributing factors to onychomycosis, a barrier that protects the nail but also allows a topical antifungal to permeate its shield is potentially an advantageous combination. Oral antifungals such as terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole, as well as the newer topical antifungals efinaconazole and tavaborole (although formulated to penetrate the nail unit and work with the porosity and inherent electrical charge of the nail plate), do not take into account nail damage that has been created from years of harboring a dermatophyte infection. Up to 50% of cases presumed to be onychomycosis are in fact onychodystrophy without fungal infection, and laboratory testing for fungus should be obtained prior to initiating antifungal treatment. Whether a nail has onychomycosis, or onychodystrophy due to other causes, barrier function and structural integrity are compromised in diseased nails, and should be addressed. A poly-ureaurethane barrier that protects against wetting/drying, fungal reservoirs, and microtrauma, followed by the addition of oral or topical antifungals after laboratory fungal confirmation may optimize outcomes in the treatment of onychomycosis.<br/> OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to determine through in vitro release testing (IVRT) whether poly-ureaurethane 16% allows for penetration of efinaconazole 10% or tavaborole 5%. Results could spur subsequent clinical studies which would have implications for the addition of an antifungal based on fungal confirmation, after addresssing the underlying nail dystrophy primarily.<br/> METHODS A vertical diffusion cell system was used to evaluate the ability of efinaconazole 10% and tavaborole 5% to penetrate across poly-ureaurethane 16%. The diffusion cells had a 1.0 cm2 surface area and approximately 8 mL receptor volume. Poly-ureaurethane 16% was applied to a 0.45 μm nylon membrane and allowed to dry before use. Efinaconazole 10% or tavaborole 5% was then applied to the poly-ureaurethane 16% coated membrane, and samples were pulled from the receptor chamber at various times. Reverse phase chromatography was then used to assess the penetration of each active ingredient across the membrane.<br/> RESULTS The flux and permeability of efinaconazole or tavaborole across poly-ureaurethane 16% were determined from efinaconazole 10% or tavaborole 5%, respectively. The flux and permeability of efinaconazole were determined to be 503.9 +/- 31.9 μg/cm2/hr and 14.0 +/- 0.9 nm/sec. The flux and permeability of tavaborole were determined to be 755.5 +/- 290.4 μg/cm2/hr and 42.0 +/- 16.1 nm/sec.<br/> CONCLUSION In addition to the treatment of onychoschizia, onychorrhexis, and other signs of severe dessication of the nail plate, a barrier that regulates TOWL should be considered in the management onychomycosis to address barrier dysfunction and to promote stabilization of the damaged nail. Previously published flux values across the nail are reported to be 1.4 μg/cm2/day for efinaconazole and 204 μg/cm2/day for tavaborole. These values are substantially lower than the herein determined flux for both molecules across poly-ureaurethane 16%. A comparison of the data suggests that poly-ureaurethane 16%, if used prior to efinaconazole or tavaborole, would not limit the ability of either active ingredient to access the nail, and therefore, would be unlikely to reduce their antifungal effect. Onychodystrophy is inherent in, and often precedes onychomycosis, and consideration should be given for initiation of treatment in the same sequence: stabilizing and protecting the nail plate barrier primarily, and subsequently adding oral or topical antifungals after laboratory confirmation. Future clinical studies will be needed to determine combination efficacy for in vivo use. <br /><br /> <em>J Drugs Dermatol.</em> 2016;15(9):1116-1120.
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Mohammed Y, Teixidó M, Namjoshi S, Giralt E, Benson H. Cyclic Dipeptide Shuttles as a Novel Skin Penetration Enhancement Approach: Preliminary Evaluation with Diclofenac. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160973. [PMID: 27548780 PMCID: PMC4993479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a peptide shuttle in delivering diclofenac into and through human epidermis. Diclofenac was conjugated to a novel phenylalanyl-N-methyl-naphthalenylalanine-derived diketopiperazine (DKP) shuttle and to TAT (a classical cell penetrating peptide), and topically applied to human epidermis in vitro. DKP and TAT effectively permeated into and through human epidermis. When conjugated to diclofenac, both DKP and TAT enhanced delivery into and through human epidermis, though DKP was significantly more effective. Penetration of diclofenac through human epidermis (to receptor) was increased by conjugation to the peptide shuttle and cell penetrating peptide with enhancement of 6x by DKP-diclofenac and 3x by TAT-diclofenac. In addition, the amount of diclofenac retained within the epidermis was significantly increased by peptide conjugation. COX-2 inhibition activity of diclofenac was retained when conjugated to DKP. Our study suggests that the peptide shuttle approach may offer a new strategy for targeted delivery of small therapeutic and diagnostic molecules to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Mohammed
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science and Technology Institute (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarika Namjoshi
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Science and Technology Institute (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (HB); (EG)
| | - Heather Benson
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (HB); (EG)
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Xu EG, Ho PWL, Tse Z, Ho SL, Leung KMY. Revealing ecological risks of priority endocrine disrupting chemicals in four marine protected areas in Hong Kong through an integrative approach. Environ Pollut 2016; 215:103-112. [PMID: 27179329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Hong Kong are situated in close proximity to urbanized areas, and inevitably influenced by wastewater discharges and antifouling biocides leached from vessels. Hence, marine organisms inhabiting these MPAs are probably at risk. Here an integrative approach was employed to comprehensively assess ecological risks of eight priority endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in four MPAs of Hong Kong. We quantified their concentrations in environmental and biota samples collected in different seasons during 2013-2014, while mussels (Septifer virgatus) and semi-permeable membrane devices were deployed to determine the extent of accumulation of the EDCs. Extracts from the environmental samples were subjected to the yeast estrogen screen and a novel human cell-based catechol-O-methyltransferase ELISA to evaluate their estrogenic activities. The results indicated ecological risks of EDCs in the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve. This integrated approach can effectively evaluate ecological risks of EDCs through linking their concentrations to biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zero Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Sjögren E, Eriksson J, Vedin C, Breitholtz K, Hilgendorf C. Excised segments of rat small intestine in Ussing chamber studies: A comparison of native and stripped tissue viability and permeability to drugs. Int J Pharm 2016; 505:361-8. [PMID: 27073083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Excised rat intestinal tissue mounted in an Ussing chamber can be used for intestinal permeability assessments in drug development. The outer layer of the intestine, the serosa and part of the muscle layer, is traditionally removed since it is considered a barrier to the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen as well as to that of pharmaceutical substances. However, the procedure for removing the serosal-muscle layer, i.e. stripping, is a technically challenging process in the pre-experimental preparation of the tissue which may result in tissue damage and reduced viability of the segment. In this study, the viability of stripped and native (non-stripped) rat small intestine tissue segments mounted in Ussing chambers was monitored and the apparent permeability of the tissue to a set of test compounds across both tissue preparations was determined. Electrical measurements, in particular the potential difference (PD) across the intestinal membrane, were used to evaluate the viability. In this study, there were no differences in initial PD (health status of the tissue) or PD over time (viability throughout the experiment) between native and stripped rat jejunum segments. Overall, there were also no significant differences in permeability between stripped and native rat intestinal tissue for the compounds in this study. Based on these results, we propose that stripping can be excluded from the preparation procedures for rat jejunal tissue for permeability studies when using the Ussing chamber technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75233, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75233, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Vedin
- DSM, Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
| | - Katarina Breitholtz
- DSM, Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
| | - Constanze Hilgendorf
- DSM, Safety and ADME Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
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Khouri RK, Walocko FM. Tissue Engineering Chambers: Potential Clinical Uses and Limitations. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:22-23. [PMID: 27211541 PMCID: PMC4856780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger K Khouri
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abstract
The skin is a strong and flexible organ with barrier properties essential for maintaining homeostasis and thereby human life. Characterizing this barrier is the ability to prevent some chemicals from crossing the barrier while allowing others, including medicinal products, to pass at varying rates. During recent decades, the latter has received increased attention as a route for intentionally delivering drugs to patients. This has stimulated research in methods for sampling, measuring and predicting percutaneous penetration. Previous chapters have described how different endogenous, genetic and exogenous factors may affect barrier characteristics. The present chapter introduces the theory for barrier penetration (Fick's law), and describes and discusses different methods for measuring the kinetics of percutaneous penetration of chemicals, including in vitro methods (static and flow-through diffusion cells) as well as in vivo methods (microdialysis and microperfusion). Then follows a discussion with examples of how different characteristics of the skin (age, site and integrity) and of the penetrants (size, solubility, ionization, logPow and vehicles) affect the kinetics of percutaneous penetration. Finally, a short discussion of the advantages and challenges of each method is provided, which will hopefully allow the reader to improve decision making and treatment planning, as well as the evaluation of experimental studies of percutaneous penetration of chemicals.
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Zundler S, Caioni M, Müller M, Strauch U, Kunst C, Woelfel G. K+ Channel Inhibition Differentially Regulates Migration of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Inflamed vs. Non-Inflamed Conditions in a PI3K/Akt-Mediated Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147736. [PMID: 26824610 PMCID: PMC4732808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium channels have been shown to determine wound healing in different tissues, but their role in intestinal epithelial restitution--the rapid closure of superficial wounds by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC)--remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the regulation of IEC migration by potassium channel modulation was explored with and without additional epidermal growth factor (EGF) under baseline and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-pretreated conditions in scratch assays and Boyden chamber assays using the intestinal epithelial cell lines IEC-18 and HT-29. To identify possibly involved subcellular pathways, Western Blot (WB)-analysis of ERK and Akt phosphorylation was conducted and PI3K and ERK inhibitors were used in scratch assays. Furthermore, mRNA-levels of the potassium channel KCNN4 were determined in IEC from patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). RESULTS Inhibition of Ca(2+)-dependent potassium channels significantly increased intestinal epithelial restitution, which could not be further promoted by additional EGF. In contrast, inhibition of KCNN4 after pretreatment with IFN-γ led to decreased or unaffected migration. This effect was abolished by EGF. Changes in Akt, but not in ERK phosphorylation strongly correlated with these findings and PI3K but not ERK inhibition abrogated the effect of KCNN4 inhibition. Levels of KCNN4 mRNA were higher in samples from IBD patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of KCNN4 differentially regulates IEC migration in IFN-γ-pretreated vs. non pretreated conditions. Moreover, our data propose that the PI3K signaling cascade is responsible for this differential regulation. Therefore, we present a cellular model that contributes new aspects to epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic intestinal inflammation, resulting in propagation of inflammation and symptoms like ulcers or diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Caioni
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Strauch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kunst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Woelfel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abd E, Namjoshi S, Mohammed YH, Roberts MS, Grice JE. Synergistic Skin Penetration Enhancer and Nanoemulsion Formulations Promote the Human Epidermal Permeation of Caffeine and Naproxen. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:212-20. [PMID: 26554868 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined the extent of skin permeation enhancement of the hydrophilic drug caffeine and lipophilic drug naproxen applied in nanoemulsions incorporating skin penetration enhancers. Infinite doses of fully characterized oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing the skin penetration enhancers oleic acid or eucalyptol as oil phases and caffeine (3%) or naproxen (2%) were applied to human epidermal membranes in Franz diffusion cells, along with aqueous control solutions. Caffeine and naproxen fluxes were determined over 8 h. Solute solubility in the formulations and in the stratum corneum (SC), as well as the uptake of product components into the SC were measured. The nanoemulsions significantly enhanced the skin penetration of caffeine and naproxen, compared to aqueous control solutions. Caffeine maximum flux enhancement was associated with a synergistic increase in both caffeine SC solubility and skin diffusivity, whereas a formulation-increased solubility in the SC was the dominant determinant for increased naproxen fluxes. Enhancements in SC solubility were related to the uptake of the formulation excipients containing the active compounds into the SC. Enhanced skin penetration in these systems is largely driven by uptake of formulation excipients containing the active compounds into the SC with impacts on SC solubility and diffusivity.
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Grottke A, Ewald F, Lange T, Nörz D, Herzberger C, Bach J, Grabinski N, Gräser L, Höppner F, Nashan B, Schumacher U, Jücker M. Downregulation of AKT3 Increases Migration and Metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Upregulating S100A4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146370. [PMID: 26741489 PMCID: PMC4704820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of breast cancer patients with distant metastases represents one of the biggest challenges in today's gynecological oncology. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms promoting the development of metastases is of paramount importance. The serine/threonine kinase AKT was shown to drive cancer progression and metastasis. However, there is emerging data that single AKT isoforms (i.e. AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) have different or even opposing functions in the regulation of cancer cell migration in vitro, giving rise to the hypothesis that inhibition of distinct AKT isoforms might have undesirable effects on cancer dissemination in vivo. METHODS The triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was used to investigate the functional roles of AKT in migration and metastasis. AKT single and double knockdown cells were generated using isoform specific shRNAs. Migration was analyzed using live cell imaging, chemotaxis and transwell assays. The metastatic potential of AKT isoform knockdown cells was evaluated in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model in vivo. RESULTS Depletion of AKT3, but not AKT1 or AKT2, resulted in increased migration in vitro. This effect was even more prominent in AKT2,3 double knockdown cells. Furthermore, combined downregulation of AKT2 and AKT3, as well as AKT1 and AKT3 significantly increased metastasis formation in vivo. Screening for promigratory proteins revealed that downregulation of AKT3 increases the expression of S100A4 protein. In accordance, depletion of S100A4 by siRNA approach reverses the increased migration induced by knockdown of AKT3. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that knockdown of AKT3 can increase the metastatic potential of triple negative breast cancer cells. Therefore, our results provide a rationale for the development of AKT isoform specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Grottke
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Ewald
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Nörz
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Herzberger
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Bach
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Grabinski
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lareen Gräser
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Höppner
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Nashan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sui Y, Wu F, Lv J, Li H, Li X, Du Z, Sun M, Zheng Y, Yang L, Zhong L, Zhang X, Zhang G. Identification of the Novel TMEM16A Inhibitor Dehydroandrographolide and Its Anticancer Activity on SW620 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144715. [PMID: 26657333 PMCID: PMC4686118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), is highly amplified and expressed in human cancers and is involved in the growth and metastasis of some malignancies. Inhibition of TMEM16A represents a novel pharmaceutical approach for the treatment of cancers and metastases. The purpose of this study is to identify a new TMEM16A inhibitor, investigate the effects of this inhibitor on the proliferation and metastasis of TMEM16A-amplified SW620 cells, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in vitro. We identified a novel small-molecule TMEM16A inhibitor dehydroandrographolide (DP). By using patch clamp electrophysiology, we showed that DP inhibited TMEM16A chloride currents in Fisher rat thyroid (FRT) cells that were transfected stably with human TMEM16A and in TMEM16A-overexpressed SW620 cells but did not alter cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride currents. Further functional studies showed that DP suppressed the proliferation of SW620 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assays. Moreover, DP significantly inhibited migration and invasion of SW620 cells as detected by wound-healing and transwell assays. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that knockdown of human TMEM16A decreased the inhibitory effect of DP on the proliferation of SW620 cells and that TMEM16A-dependent cells (SW620 and HCT116) were more sensitive to DP than TMEM16A-independent cells (SW480 and HCT8). In addition, we found that treatment of SW620 cells with DP led to a decrease in TMEM16A protein levels but had no effect on TMEM16A mRNA levels. The current work reveals that DP, a novel TMEM16A inhibitor, exerts its anticancer activity on SW620 cells partly through a TMEM16A-dependent mechanism, which may introduce a new targeting approach for an antitumour therapy in TMEM16A-amplified cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sui
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Lv
- Department of Radiology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Jilin University Bethune First Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwu Du
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XYZ), (GZZ)
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XYZ), (GZZ)
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Petrovic I, Milivojevic M, Popovic J, Schwirtlich M, Rankovic B, Stevanovic M. SOX18 Is a Novel Target Gene of Hedgehog Signaling in Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143591. [PMID: 26588701 PMCID: PMC4654472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is much evidence showing functional relationship between Hedgehog pathway, in particular Sonic hedgehog, and SOX transcription factors during embryonic development, scarce data are available regarding their crosstalk in cancer cells. SOX18 protein plays an important role in promoting tumor angiogenesis and therefore emerged as a promising potential target in antiangiogenic tumor therapy. Recently it became evident that expression of SOX18 gene in tumors is not restricted to endothelium of accompanying blood and lymphatic vessels, but in tumor cells as well.In this paper we have identified human SOX18 gene as a novel target gene of Hedgehog signaling in cervical carcinoma cell lines. We have presented data showing that expression of SOX18 gene is regulated by GLI1 and GLI2 transcription factors, final effectors of Hedgehog signaling, and that modulation of Hedgehog signaling activity in considerably influence SOX18 expression. We consider important that Hedgehog pathway inhibitors reduced SOX18 expression, thus showing, for the first time, possibility for manipulationwith SOX18 gene expression. In addition, we analyzed the role of SOX18 in malignant potential of cervical carcinoma cell line, and showed that its overexpression has no influence on cells proliferation and viability, but substantially promotes migration and invasion of cells in vitro. Pro-migratory effect of SOX18 suggests its role in promoting malignant spreading, possibly in response to Hedgehog activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Petrovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O.BOX 23, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Milena Milivojevic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O.BOX 23, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O.BOX 23, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O.BOX 23, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Rankovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O.BOX 23, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O.BOX 23, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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NIE GUOHUI, DUAN HONGFANG, LI XIAOQING, YU ZHENDONG, LUO LIANG, LU RUIJING, JI ZILIANG, ZHANG WEI. MicroRNA‑205 promotes the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through targeting tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5715-22. [PMID: 26252115 PMCID: PMC4581759 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer in southern China, miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the tumorigenesis of multiple cancer types. The present study aimed to explore the potential role of miR‑205 in NPC. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of miR‑205 in 20 fresh NPC specimens and 20 normal nasopharyngeal tissues. The function of miR‑205 in the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of NPC‑derived cells was detected by MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry. Furthermore, a target gene of miR‑205 was identified using the luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miR‑205 was increased in NPC tissues compared with that in normal tissues. Overexpression of miR‑205 was found to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC‑derived cells, while apoptosis was suppressed. Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1 was identified as a target gene of miR‑205. Overall, the present study demonstrated that miR‑205 may function as an oncogene in NPC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUOHUI NIE
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Guohui Nie, Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - HONGFANG DUAN
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - XIAOQING LI
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - ZHENDONG YU
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - LIANG LUO
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - RUIJING LU
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - ZILIANG JI
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - WEI ZHANG
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
- Dr Wei Zhang, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China, E-mail:
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KANEMITSU M, FUETA Y, ISHIDAO T, AOU S, HORI H. Development of a direct exposure system for studying the mechanisms of central neurotoxicity caused by volatile organic compounds. Ind Health 2015; 54:42-49. [PMID: 26320726 PMCID: PMC4791292 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in work places are neurotoxic. However, it has been difficult to study the cellular mechanisms induced by a direct exposure to neurons because of their high volatility. The objective of this study was to establish a stable system for exposing brain slices to VOCs. With a conventional recording system for brain slices, it is not possible to keep a constant bath concentration of relatively highly volatile solvents, e.g. 1-bromopropane (1-BP). Here we report a new exposure system for VOCs that we developed in which a high concentration of oxygen is dissolved to a perfused medium applying a gas-liquid equilibrium, and in which the tubing is made of Teflon, non adsorptive material. Using our system, the bath concentration of the perfused 1-BP remained stable for at least 2 h in the slice chamber. Both 6.4 and 2.2 mM of 1-BP did not change the paired-pulse response, but fully suppressed long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampal slices obtained from rats, suggesting that 1-BP decreases synaptic plasticity in the DG at the concentrations tested. Our new system can be applicable for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of VOCs at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari KANEMITSU
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
- Department of Brain Science and Engineering, Graduate School
of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Yukiko FUETA
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Toru ISHIDAO
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Shuji AOU
- Department of Brain Science and Engineering, Graduate School
of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Hajime HORI
- Department of Environmental Management and Control, School of
Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Liu J, Bi X, Chen T, Zhang Q, Wang SX, Chiu JJ, Liu GS, Zhang Y, Bu P, Jiang F. Shear stress regulates endothelial cell autophagy via redox regulation and Sirt1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1827. [PMID: 26181207 PMCID: PMC4650738 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed cell autophagy is found in various cardiovascular disease conditions. Biomechanical stimuli induced by laminar blood flow have important protective actions against the development of various vascular diseases. However, the impacts and underlying mechanisms of shear stress on the autophagic process in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are not entirely understood. Here we investigated the impacts of shear stress on autophagy in human vascular ECs. We found that shear stress induced by laminar flow, but not that by oscillatory or low-magnitude flow, promoted autophagy. Time-course analysis and flow cessation experiments confirmed that this effect was not a transient adaptive stress response but appeared to be a sustained physiological action. Flow had no effect on the mammalian target of rapamycin-ULK pathway, whereas it significantly upregulated Sirt1 expression. Inhibition of Sirt1 blunted shear stress-induced autophagy. Overexpression of wild-type Sirt1, but not the deacetylase-dead mutant, was sufficient to induce autophagy in ECs. Using both of gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we showed that Sirt1-dependent activation of FoxO1 was critical in mediating shear stress-induced autophagy. Shear stress also induced deacetylation of Atg5 and Atg7. Moreover, shear stress-induced Sirt1 expression and autophagy were redox dependent, whereas Sirt1 might act as a redox-sensitive transducer mediating reactive oxygen species-elicited autophagy. Functionally, we demonstrated that flow-conditioned cells are more resistant to oxidant-induced cell injury, and this cytoprotective effect was abolished after inhibition of autophagy. In summary, these results suggest that Sirt1-mediated autophagy in ECs may be a novel mechanism by which laminar flow produces its vascular-protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - T Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - S-X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J-J Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - G-S Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - P Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - F Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yu ZW, Liang Y, Liang WQ. Low-frequency sonophoresis enhances rivastigmine permeation in vitro and in vivo. Pharmazie 2015; 70:379-380. [PMID: 26189298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the enhancement effect of low-frequency sonophoresis on transdermal permeation of rivastigmine in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro permeation study showed that sonophoresis increased steady-state transdermal flux 0.31 ± 0.03 μg x cm(-2) x h(-1) and the extent of rivastigmine permeation 6.00 ± 0.56 μg x cm(-2) though excised skin (both P < 0.01). In the in vivo experiment, the C(max) 0.83 ± 0.16 μg x mL(-1) and AUC(0 --> 24 h) 12.35 ± 1.99 μg x h x mL(-1) of the sonophoresis group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (both P < 0.01). These data suggest that low-frequency sonophoresis could be an effective method to enhance rivastigmine permeation.
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Zhang Z, Ma J, Luan G, Kang L, Su Y, He Y, Luan F. MiR-506 suppresses tumor proliferation and invasion by targeting FOXQ1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122851. [PMID: 25856555 PMCID: PMC4391879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes including tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the expression and function of miR-506 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we showed that miR-506 was downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-506 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Moreover, we identified the Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) gene as a novel direct target of miR-506. MiR-506 exerts its tumor suppressor function through inhibition of the FOXQ1, which was involved in tumor metastasis and proliferation in various cancers. Furthermore, the expression of FOXQ1 is up-regulated in NPC cell lines and tissues. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-506 functions as a tumor suppressor miRNA in NPC and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing FOXQ1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchi Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guang Luan
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Feng Luan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Low YSJ, Chong HP, Zin MT, Lee CY, Li B, Leolukman M, Kang L. Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Copper Peptide Through Skin. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2678-89. [PMID: 25690343 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper peptide (GHK-Cu) plays an important role in skin regeneration and wound healing. However, its skin absorption remains challenging due to its hydrophilicity. Here we use polymeric microneedle array to pre-treat skin to enhance GHK-Cu skin penetration. METHODS Two in vitro skin models were used to assess the capability of microneedles in facilitating skin delivery of GHK-Cu. Histological assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed to characterize and quantify the microconduits created by the microneedles inside skin. Cellular and porcine models were used to evaluate the safety of microneedle-assisted copper peptide delivery. RESULTS The depth and percentage of microneedle penetration were correlated with application forces, which in turn influenced the extent of enhancement in the skin permeability of GHK-Cu. In 9 h, 134 ± 12 nanomoles of peptide and 705 ± 84 nanomoles of copper permeated though the microneedle treated human skin, while almost no peptide or copper permeated through intact human skin. No obvious signs of skin irritation were observed with the use of GHK-Cu after microneedle pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS It is effective and safe to enhance the skin permeation of GHK-Cu by using microneedles. This approach may be useful to deliver similar peptides or minerals through skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore, 117543
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48
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Lindström NO, Lawrence ML, Burn SF, Johansson JA, Bakker ERM, Ridgway RA, Chang CH, Karolak MJ, Oxburgh L, Headon DJ, Sansom OJ, Smits R, Davies JA, Hohenstein P. Integrated β-catenin, BMP, PTEN, and Notch signalling patterns the nephron. eLife 2015; 3:e04000. [PMID: 25647637 PMCID: PMC4337611 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The different segments of the nephron and glomerulus in the kidney balance the processes of water homeostasis, solute recovery, blood filtration, and metabolite excretion. When segment function is disrupted, a range of pathological features are presented. Little is known about nephron patterning during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that the early nephron is patterned by a gradient in β-catenin activity along the axis of the nephron tubule. By modifying β-catenin activity, we force cells within nephrons to differentiate according to the imposed β-catenin activity level, thereby causing spatial shifts in nephron segments. The β-catenin signalling gradient interacts with the BMP pathway which, through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling, antagonises β-catenin activity and promotes segment identities associated with low β-catenin activity. β-catenin activity and PI3K signalling also integrate with Notch signalling to control segmentation: modulating β-catenin activity or PI3K rescues segment identities normally lost by inhibition of Notch. Our data therefore identifies a molecular network for nephron patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils O Lindström
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie L Lawrence
- Centre for Integrated Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sally F Burn
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Jeanette A Johansson
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira RM Bakker
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- Department of Invasion and Metastasis, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C-Hong Chang
- Centre for Integrated Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michele J Karolak
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Denis J Headon
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Beatston Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ron Smits
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrated Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Steinert G, Whitfield S, Taylor MW, Thoms C, Schupp PJ. Application of diffusion growth chambers for the cultivation of marine sponge-associated bacteria. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014; 16:594-603. [PMID: 24838766 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges contain dense and diverse microbial communities, which are renowned as a source of bioactive metabolites. The biological activities of sponge-microbe natural products span a broad spectrum, from antibacterial and antifungal to antitumor and antiviral applications. However, the potential of sponge-derived compounds has not been fully realized, due largely to the acknowledged "supply issue." Most bacteria from environmental samples have resisted cultivation on artificial growth media, and cultivation of sponge-associated bacteria has been a major focus in the search for novel marine natural products. One approach to isolate so-called "uncultivable" microorganisms from different environments is the diffusion growth chamber method. Here, we describe the first application of diffusion growth chambers for the isolation of cultivable and previously uncultivated bacteria from sponges. The study was conducted by implanting diffusion growth chambers in the tissue of Rhabdastrella globostellata reef sponges. In total, 255 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, with phylogenetic analyses revealing their affiliations with the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Fifteen sequences represented previously uncultivated bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Alpha and Gamma classes). Our results indicate that the diffusion growth chamber approach can be successfully applied in a natural, living marine environment such as sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinert
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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50
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Song FN, Duan M, Liu LZ, Wang ZC, Shi JY, Yang LX, Zhou J, Fan J, Gao Q, Wang XY. RANKL promotes migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via NF-κB-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108507. [PMID: 25268581 PMCID: PMC4182493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis accounts for the most deaths in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is associated with cancer metastasis, while its role in HCC remains largely unknown. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of RANK in HCC tissue (n = 398). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to examine the expression of RANK, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, Slug, Twist and MMPs in HCC cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion ability. Results We found that expression of RANK, the receptor of RANKL, was significantly higher in HCC tumor tissues than in peritumor liver tissues (p<0.001). Constitutive expression of RANK was detected in HCC cell lines, which can be up-regulated when HCC cells were stimulated with RANKL. Notably, in vitro experiments showed that activation of RANKL-RANK axis significantly promoted migration and invasion ability of HCC cells. In addition, RANKL stimulation increased the expression levels of N-cadherin, Snail, and Twist, while decreased the expression of E-cadherin, with concomitant activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, administration of the NF-κB inhibitor attenuated RANKL-induced migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCC cells. Conclusions RANKL could potentiate migration and invasion ability of RANK-positive HCC cells through NF-κB pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which means that RANKL-RANK axis could be a potential target for HCC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cadherins/agonists
- Cadherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Collagenases/genetics
- Collagenases/metabolism
- Diffusion Chambers, Culture
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- NF-kappa B/agonists
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nuclear Proteins/agonists
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/pharmacology
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
- Signal Transduction
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors/agonists
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Twist-Related Protein 1/agonists
- Twist-Related Protein 1/genetics
- Twist-Related Protein 1/metabolism
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Nan Song
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Meng Duan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zi Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yi Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Xiao Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QG); (XYW)
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QG); (XYW)
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