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Sanchez-Burgos L, Gómez-López G, Al-Shahrour F, Fernandez-Capetillo O. An in silico analysis identifies drugs potentially modulating the cytokine storm triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1626. [PMID: 35102208 PMCID: PMC8803893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest health challenges of recent decades. Among the causes of mortality triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the development of an inflammatory "cytokine storm" (CS) plays a determinant role. Here, we used transcriptomic data from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients undergoing a CS to obtain gene-signatures associated to this pathology. Using these signatures, we interrogated the Connectivity Map (CMap) dataset that contains the effects of over 5000 small molecules on the transcriptome of human cell lines, and looked for molecules which effects on transcription mimic or oppose those of the CS. As expected, molecules that potentiate immune responses such as PKC activators are predicted to worsen the CS. In addition, we identified the negative regulation of female hormones among pathways potentially aggravating the CS, which helps to understand the gender-related differences in COVID-19 mortality. Regarding drugs potentially counteracting the CS, we identified glucocorticoids as a top hit, which validates our approach as this is the primary treatment for this pathology. Interestingly, our analysis also reveals a potential effect of MEK inhibitors in reverting the COVID-19 CS, which is supported by in vitro data that confirms the anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez-Burgos
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wang JH, Tseng CL, Lin FL, Chen J, Hsieh EH, Lama S, Chuang YF, Kumar S, Zhu L, McGuinness MB, Hernandez J, Tu L, Wang PY, Liu GS. Topical application of TAK1 inhibitor encapsulated by gelatin particle alleviates corneal neovascularization. Theranostics 2022; 12:657-674. [PMID: 34976206 PMCID: PMC8692906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a severe complication of various types of corneal diseases, that leads to permanent visual impairment. Current treatments for CoNV, such as steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, are argued over their therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CoNV. Methods: Angiogenic activities were assessed in ex vivo and in vitro models subjected to TAK1 inhibition by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, a selective inhibitor of TAK1. RNA-Seq was used to examine pathways that could be potentially affected by TAK1 inhibition. A gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was developed as the eyedrop to treat CoNV in a rodent model. Results: We showed that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol reduced angiogenic processes through impeding cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis suggested 5Z-7-oxozeaenol principally suppresses cell cycle and DNA replication, thereby restraining cell proliferation. In addition, inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked TNFα-mediated NFκB signalling, and its downstream genes related to angiogenesis and inflammation. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol also ameliorated pro-angiogenic activity, including endothelial migration and tube formation. Furthermore, topical administration of the gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol led to significantly greater suppression of CoNV in a mouse model compared to the free form of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, likely due to extended retention of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in the cornea. Conclusion: Our study shows the potential of TAK1 as a therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis, and the gelatin nanoparticle coupled with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol as a promising new eyedrop administration model in treatment of CoNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erh-Hsuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suraj Lama
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Myra B. McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessika Hernandez
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Fanini F, Bandini E, Plousiou M, Carloni S, Wise P, Neviani P, Murtadha M, Foca F, Fabbri F, Vannini I, Fabbri M. MicroRNA-16 Restores Sensitivity to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Outperforms MEK Inhibitors in KRAS-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13357. [PMID: 34948154 PMCID: PMC8705178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy, the treatment of choice in non-operable cases, achieves a dismal success rate, raising the need for new therapeutic options. In about 25% of NSCLC, the activating mutations of the KRAS oncogene define a subclass that cannot benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The tumor suppressor miR-16 is downregulated in many human cancers, including NSCLC. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate miR-16 treatment to restore the TKI sensitivity and compare its efficacy to MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. METHODS We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate whether miR-16 could be exploited to overcome TKI resistance in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. We had three goals: first, to identify the KRAS downstream effectors targeted by mir-16, second, to study the effects of miR-16 restoration on TKI resistance in KRAS-mutated NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo, and finally, to compare miR-16 and the MEK inhibitor selumetinib in reducing KRAS-mutated NSCLC growth in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-16 directly targets the three KRAS downstream effectors MAPK3, MAP2K1, and CRAF in NSCLC, restoring the sensitivity to erlotinib in KRAS-mutated NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. We also provided evidence that the miR-16-erlotinib regimen is more effective than the selumetinib-erlotinib combination in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the biological preclinical rationale for using miR-16 in combination with erlotinib in the treatment of NSCLC with KRAS-activating mutations.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanini
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (F.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Erika Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Meropi Plousiou
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (F.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Petra Wise
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Paolo Neviani
- Extracellular Vesicle Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Mariam Murtadha
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Flavia Foca
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.B.); (M.P.); (F.F.); (I.V.)
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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4
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Ge QY, Chen J, Li GX, Tan XL, Song J, Ning D, Mo J, Du PC, Liu QM, Liang HF, Ding ZY, Zhang XW, Zhang BX. GRAMD4 inhibits tumour metastasis by recruiting the E3 ligase ITCH to target TAK1 for degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e635. [PMID: 34841685 PMCID: PMC8597946 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant TAK1 (transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1) activity is known to be involved in a variety of malignancies, but the regulatory mechanisms of TAK1 remain poorly understood. GRAMD4 (glucosyltransferase Rab-like GTPase activator and myotubularin domain containing 4) is a newly discovered p53-independent proapoptotic protein with an unclear role in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). RESULTS In this research, we found that GRAMD4 expression was lower in HCC samples, and its downregulation predicted worse prognosis for patients after surgical resection. Functionally, GRAMD4 inhibited HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, GRAMD4 interacted with TAK1 to promote its protein degradation, thus, resulting in the inactivation of MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, GRAMD4 was proved to recruit ITCH (itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) to promote the ubiquitination of TAK1. Moreover, high expression of TAK1 was correlated with low expression of GRAMD4 in HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS GRAMD4 inhibits the migration and metastasis of HCC, mainly by recruiting ITCH to promote the degradation of TAK1, which leads to the inactivation of MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian yun Ge
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Gan xun Li
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Xiao long Tan
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Deng Ning
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Jie Mo
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Peng cheng Du
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Qiu meng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Hui fang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Ze yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Xue wu Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
| | - Bi xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic SurgeryWuhanP. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary DiseasesWuhanP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationWuhanP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationNational Health CommissionWuhanP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhanP. R. China
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5
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Calamaras TD, Pande S, Baumgartner RA, Kim SK, McCarthy JC, Martin GL, Tam K, McLaughlin AL, Wang GR, Aronovitz MJ, Lin W, Aguirre JI, Baca P, Liu P, Richards DA, Davis RJ, Karas RH, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. MLK3 mediates impact of PKG1α on cardiac function and controls blood pressure through separate mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149075. [PMID: 34324442 PMCID: PMC8492323 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1α (PKG1α) promotes left ventricle (LV) compensation after pressure overload. PKG1-activating drugs improve heart failure (HF) outcomes but are limited by vasodilation-induced hypotension. Signaling molecules that mediate PKG1α cardiac therapeutic effects but do not promote PKG1α-induced hypotension could therefore represent improved therapeutic targets. We investigated roles of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) in mediating PKG1α effects on LV function after pressure overload and in regulating BP. In a transaortic constriction HF model, PKG activation with sildenafil preserved LV function in MLK3+/+ but not MLK3-/- littermates. MLK3 coimmunoprecipitated with PKG1α. MLK3-PKG1α cointeraction decreased in failing LVs. PKG1α phosphorylated MLK3 on Thr277/Ser281 sites required for kinase activation. MLK3-/- mice displayed hypertension and increased arterial stiffness, though PKG stimulation with sildenafil or the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY41-2272 still reduced BP in MLK3-/- mice. MLK3 kinase inhibition with URMC-099 did not affect BP but induced LV dysfunction in mice. These data reveal MLK3 as a PKG1α substrate mediating PKG1α preservation of LV function but not acute PKG1α BP effects. Mechanistically, MLK3 kinase-dependent effects preserved LV function, whereas MLK3 kinase-independent signaling regulated BP. These findings suggest augmenting MLK3 kinase activity could preserve LV function in HF but avoid hypotension from PKG1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
| | | | | | | | - Weiyu Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Paulina Baca
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Roger J. Davis
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worchester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Jung T, Haist M, Kuske M, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Used for Melanoma Therapy-Paradoxical ERK Activation and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189890. [PMID: 34576054 PMCID: PMC8469254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors that directly inhibit tumor growth and of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that boost effector T cell responses have strongly improved the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In about half of all melanoma patients, tumor growth is driven by gain-of-function mutations of BRAF (v-rat fibrosarcoma (Raf) murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B), which results in constitutive ERK activation. Patients with a BRAF mutation are regularly treated with a combination of BRAF and MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) inhibitors. Next to the antiproliferative effects of BRAF/MEKi, accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that BRAF/MEKi exert immunomodulatory functions such as paradoxical ERK activation as well as additional effects in non-tumor cells. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory functions of BRAF/MEKi as well as the non-intended effects of ICI and discuss the potential synergistic effects of ICI and MAPK inhibitors in melanoma treatment.
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7
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Gonzalez-Del Pino GL, Li K, Park E, Schmoker AM, Ha BH, Eck MJ. Allosteric MEK inhibitors act on BRAF/MEK complexes to block MEK activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107207118. [PMID: 34470822 PMCID: PMC8433572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107207118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is central to the control of cell physiology, and its dysregulation is associated with many cancers. Accordingly, the proteins constituting this pathway, including MEK1/2 (MEK), have been subject to intense drug discovery and development efforts. Allosteric MEK inhibitors (MEKi) exert complex effects on RAF/MEK/ERK pathway signaling and are employed clinically in combination with BRAF inhibitors in malignant melanoma. Although mechanisms and structures of MEKi bound to MEK have been described for many of these compounds, recent studies suggest that RAF/MEK complexes, rather than free MEK, should be evaluated as the target of MEKi. Here, we describe structural and biochemical studies of eight structurally diverse, clinical-stage MEKi to better understand their mechanism of action on BRAF/MEK complexes. We find that all of these agents bind in the MEK allosteric site in BRAF/MEK complexes, in which they stabilize the MEK activation loop in a conformation that is resistant to BRAF-mediated dual phosphorylation required for full activation of MEK. We also show that allosteric MEK inhibitors act most potently on BRAF/MEK complexes rather than on free active MEK, further supporting the notion that a BRAF/MEK complex is the physiologically relevant pharmacologic target for this class of compounds. Our findings provide a conceptual and structural framework for rational development of RAF-selective MEK inhibitors as an avenue to more effective and better-tolerated agents targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo L Gonzalez-Del Pino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kunhua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anna M Schmoker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215;
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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8
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Zheng Z, Deng W, Bai Y, Miao R, Mei S, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Wang Y, Min R, Deng F, Wu Z, Li W, Chen P, Ma T, Lou X, Lieberman J, Liu X. The Lysosomal Rag-Ragulator Complex Licenses RIPK1 and Caspase-8-mediated Pyroptosis by Yersinia. Science 2021; 372:eabg0269. [PMID: 35058659 PMCID: PMC8769499 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Host cells initiate cell death programs to limit pathogen infection. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) by pathogenic Yersinia in macrophages triggers receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent caspase-8 cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). A genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screen to uncover mediators of caspase-8-dependent pyroptosis identified an unexpected role of the lysosomal FLCN-FNIP2-Rag-Ragulator supercomplex, which regulates metabolic signalling and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In response to Yersinia infection, FADD, RIPK1 and caspase-8 were recruited to Rag-Ragulator, causing RIPK1 phosphorylation and caspase-8 activation. Pyroptosis activation depended on Rag GTPase activity and lysosomal tethering of Rag-Ragulator, but not mTORC1. Thus, the lysosomal metabolic regulator Rag-Ragulator instructs the inflammatory response to Yersinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzhang Zheng
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity between Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (Guangzhou, 510623, China) and Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanyan Deng
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity between Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (Guangzhou, 510623, China) and Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Bai
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youdong Pan
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Min
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fan Deng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wu Li
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity between Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (Guangzhou, 510623, China) and Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tianchi Ma
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiwen Lou
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity between Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (Guangzhou, 510623, China) and Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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9
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Wang L, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhu W, Tan N. Design, synthesis, docking, molecular dynamics and bioevaluation studies on novel N-methylpicolinamide and thienopyrimidine derivatives with inhibiting NF-κB and TAK1 activities: Cheminformatics tools RDKit applied in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113576. [PMID: 34153577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Using cheminformatics tools RDKit and literature investigation, four series of 24 thienopyrimidine/N-methylpicolinamide derivatives substituted with pyrimidine were designed, synthesized and evaluated for activities against three cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and A549), TAK1 kinase and NF-κB signaling pathway. Almost all compounds showed selectivity toward the A549 cell lines and the most promising compound 38 could inhibit TAK1 kinase and NF-κB signaling pathway with the IC50 values of 0.58 and 0.84 μM. Moreover, 38 can induce cell cycle arrest of A549 cells at the G2/M checkpoint with 30.57% and induce apoptosis (34.94%) in a concentration-dependent manner. And western blot showed that compound 38 could inhibit TNF-α-induced IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 phosphorylation and TAK1 phosphorylation, and reduce the expression of p65. What's more, the studies of docking, molecular dynamics, MM/PBSA and frequency analysis theoretically supported the conclusions of the bioevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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10
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Dimitriou F, Urner-Bloch U, Eggenschwiler C, Mitsakakis N, Mangana J, Dummer R, Urner M. The association between immune checkpoint or BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy and uveitis in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2021; 144:215-223. [PMID: 33373866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with immune checkpoint and BRAF/MEK inhibitors has significantly improved the survival of patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma and other metastatic malignancies. Therapy-related uveitis is a rare ocular adverse event, which may potentially lead to legal blindness. The epidemiology of treatment-related uveitis is currently insufficiently known. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cohort study, we asked whether exposure to either immune checkpoint or BRAF/MEK inhibitors was associated with a higher risk of developing uveitis compared with the general population. Based on a Bayesian framework, we estimated the probability of developing uveitis with a right-censored, exponential survival model using data from the Zurich Melanoma Registry. The registry included all adult patients treated for advanced cutaneous melanoma between January 2008 and December 2018 at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. RESULTS In total, 304 patients (64%) were treated with immune checkpoint and 186 patients (38%) with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Median follow-up time was 74 days (interquartile range: 57-233 days). Eleven patients developed uveitis and 30 patients died. We estimated the probability of developing uveitis per year in the general population as 0.05% (95% credibility interval [CrI]: 0.02%-0.1%). Corresponding posterior probabilities of treatment-related uveitis were 3.48% (95% CrI: 0.93%-7.49%) and 5.04% (95% CrI: 2.07%-9.19%) for immune checkpoint or BRAF/MEK inhibitors (posterior probability for difference: 76%). CONCLUSIONS Immune checkpoint and particularly BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapies are associated with an increase in the risk of developing uveitis. Treatment-related uveitis is not associated with systemic adverse events of immune checkpoint or BRAF/MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentia Dimitriou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Urner-Bloch
- Private Ophthalmic Practice in Cooperation with the Skin Cancer Unit, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas Mitsakakis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanna Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Urner
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Sheu WHH, Lin KH, Wang JS, Lai DW, Lee WJ, Lin FY, Chen PH, Chen CH, Yeh HY, Wu SM, Shen CC, Lee MR, Liu SH, Sheu ML. Therapeutic Potential of Tpl2 (Tumor Progression Locus 2) Inhibition on Diabetic Vasculopathy Through the Blockage of the Inflammasome Complex. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e46-e62. [PMID: 33176446 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy, one of retinal vasculopathy, is characterized by retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, blood-retinal barrier breakdown, and neovascularization. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to diabetic retinopathy progression remain unclear. Approach and Results: Tpl2 (tumor progression locus 2) is a protein kinase implicated in inflammation and pathological vascular angiogenesis. Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and inflammatory cytokines levels in human sera and in several diabetic murine models were detected by ELISA, whereas liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used for whole eye tissues. The CML and p-Tpl2 expressions on the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were determined by immunofluorescence. Intravitreal injection of pharmacological inhibitor or NA (neutralizing antibody) was used in a diabetic rat model. Retinal leukostasis, optical coherence tomography, and H&E staining were used to observe pathological features. Sera of diabetic retinopathy patients had significantly increased CML levels that positively correlated with diabetic retinopathy severity and foveal thickness. CML and p-Tpl2 expressions also significantly increased in the RPE of both T1DM and T2DM diabetes animal models. Mechanistic studies on RPE revealed that CML-induced Tpl2 activation and NADPH oxidase, and inflammasome complex activation were all effectively attenuated by Tpl2 inhibition. Tpl2 inhibition by NA also effectively reduced inflammatory/angiogenic factors, retinal leukostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and RPE secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The attenuated release of angiogenic factors led to inhibited vascular abnormalities in the diabetic animal model. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of Tpl2 can block the inflammasome signaling pathway in RPE and has potential clinical and therapeutic implications in diabetes-associated retinal microvascular dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Databases, Factual
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/enzymology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Prospective Studies
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/enzymology
- Retinal Neovascularization/etiology
- Retinal Neovascularization/pathology
- Retinal Neovascularization/prevention & control
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/drug effects
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/enzymology
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology (K.-H.L.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research (W.-J.L., M.-L.S.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Branch Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (F.-Y.L.)
| | | | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.C.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Yeh
- Department of Nutrition and Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan (H.-Y.Y.)
| | - Sheng-Mao Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C.-C.S.)
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry (M.-R.L.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (S.-H.L.)
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Department of Medical Research (W.-J.L., M.-L.S.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine (M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Singh AK, Haque M, O'Sullivan K, Chourasia M, Ouseph MM, Ahmed S. Suppression of monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation by inhibiting TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent signaling: role of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:162-170. [PMID: 31511642 PMCID: PMC7853128 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals activate inflammatory pathways that overlap with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling. However, the post-translational mechanisms involved and the role of signaling proteins in this activation are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in MSU-induced activation of THP-1 macrophages and human nondiseased synovial fibroblasts (NLSFs) and the in vivo efficacy of an inhibitor of tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, in MSU-induced paw inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. THP-1 macrophage activation with MSU crystals (25-200 µg/ml) resulted in the rapid and sustained phosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-activated kinase 1 (IRAK1 Thr209) and TAK1 (Thr184/187) and their association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. At the cellular level, MSU inhibited the deubiquitinases A20 and UCHL2 and increased 20s proteasomal activity, leading to a global decrease in K63-linked ubiquitination and increase in K48-linked ubiquitination in THP-1 macrophages. While MSU did not stimulate cytokine production in NLSFs, it significantly amplified IL-1β-induced IL-6, IL-8, and ENA-78/CXCL5 production. Docking studies and MD simulations followed by TAK1 in vitro kinase assays revealed that uric acid molecules are capable of arresting TAK1 in an active-state conformation, resulting in sustained TAK1 kinase activation. Importantly, MSU-induced proinflammatory cytokine production was completely inhibited by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol but not IRAK1/4 or TRAF6 inhibitors. Administration of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5 or 15 mg/kg; orally) significantly inhibited MSU-induced paw inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Our study identifies a novel post-translational mechanism of TAK1 activation by MSU and suggests the therapeutic potential of TAK1 in regulating MSU-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kayla O'Sullivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Mukesh Chourasia
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Wang J, Deng B, Liu Q, Huang Y, Chen W, Li J, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Liang B, He J, Chen Z, Yan C, Yang Z, Xian S, Wang L. Pyroptosis and ferroptosis induced by mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32710001 PMCID: PMC7382480 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the final outcome of many cardiovascular diseases, and is a severe health issue faced by the elderly population. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), a member of MAP3K family, is associated with aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related diseases, such as CHF. MLK3 has also been reported to play an important role in protecting against cardiomyocyte injury; however, its function in myocardial fibrosis is unknown. To investigate the role of MLK3 in myocardial fibrosis, we inhibited the expression of MLK3, and examined cardiac function and remodeling in TAC mice. In addition, we assessed the expression of MLK3 protein in ventricular cells and its downstream associated protein. We found that MLK3 mainly regulates NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway-mediated inflammation and that pyroptosis causes myocardial fibrosis in the early stages of CHF. Similarly, MLK3 mainly regulates the JNK/p53 signaling pathway-mediated oxidative stress and that ferroptosis causes myocardial fibrosis in the advanced stages of CHF. We also found that promoting the expression of miR-351 can inhibit the expression of MLK3, and significantly improve cardiac function in mice subjected to TAC. These results suggest the pyroptosis and ferroptosis induced by MLK3 signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for adverse myocardial fibrosis, in response to pressure overload. Furthermore, miR-351, which has a protective effect on ventricular remodeling in heart failure caused by pressure overload, may be a key target for the regulation of MLK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Bo Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yusheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Birong Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Cui Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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14
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Friese N, Gierschner MB, Schadzek P, Roger Y, Hoffmann A. Regeneration of Damaged Tendon-Bone Junctions (Entheses)-TAK1 as a Potential Node Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5177. [PMID: 32707785 PMCID: PMC7432881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal dysfunctions are highly prevalent due to increasing life expectancy. Consequently, novel solutions to optimize treatment of patients are required. The current major research focus is to develop innovative concepts for single tissues. However, interest is also emerging to generate applications for tissue transitions where highly divergent properties need to work together, as in bone-cartilage or bone-tendon transitions. Finding medical solutions for dysfunctions of such tissue transitions presents an added challenge, both in research and in clinics. This review aims to provide an overview of the anatomical structure of healthy adult entheses and their development during embryogenesis. Subsequently, important scientific progress in restoration of damaged entheses is presented. With respect to enthesis dysfunction, the review further focuses on inflammation. Although molecular, cellular and tissue mechanisms during inflammation are well understood, tissue regeneration in context of inflammation still presents an unmet clinical need and goes along with unresolved biological questions. Furthermore, this review gives particular attention to the potential role of a signaling mediator protein, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), which is at the node of regenerative and inflammatory signaling and is one example for a less regarded aspect and potential important link between tissue regeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Friese
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mattis Benno Gierschner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrik Schadzek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Roger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Zeng J, Jin Q, Ruan Y, Sun C, Xu G, Chu M, Ji K, Wu L, Li L. Inhibition of TGFβ-activated protein kinase 1 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6846-6859. [PMID: 32378287 PMCID: PMC7299680 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1) involves in various biological responses and is a key regulator of cell death. However, the role of TAK1 on acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is unknown. We observed that TAK1 activation increased significantly after MI/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and we hypothesized that TAK1 has an important role in MI/R injury. Mice (TAK1 inhibiting by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol or silencing by AAV9 vector) were exposed to MI/R injury. Primary cardiomyocytes (TAK1 silencing by siRNA; and overexpressing TAK1 by adenovirus vector) were used to induce H/R injury model in vitro. Inhibition of TAK1 significantly decreased MI/R-induced myocardial infarction area, reduced cell death and improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, TAK1 silencing suppressed MI/R-induced myocardial oxidative stress and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the inhibition of ROS by NAC partially reversed the damage of TAK1 in vitro. Our study presents the first direct evidence that inhibition of TAK1 mitigated MI/R injury, and TAK1 mediated ROS/ER stress/apoptosis signal pathway is important for the pathogenesis of MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qike Jin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yongxue Ruan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Changzheng Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Maoping Chu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Kangting Ji
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lianpin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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16
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Nair RS, Sethupathi P, Sinha SC, Emmadi R, Hoskins K, Danciu O, Thatcher GRJ, Rana B, Rana A. Mixed lineage kinase 3 inhibition induces T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7961-7970. [PMID: 32209667 PMCID: PMC7149389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921325117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), also known as MAP3K11, was initially identified in a megakaryocytic cell line and is an emerging therapeutic target in cancer, yet its role in immune cells is not known. Here, we report that loss or pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 promotes activation and cytotoxicity of T cells. MLK3 is abundantly expressed in T cells, and its loss alters serum chemokines, cytokines, and CD28 protein expression on T cells and its subsets. MLK3 loss or pharmacological inhibition induces activation of T cells in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions, irrespective of T cell activating agents. Conversely, overexpression of MLK3 decreases T cell activation. Mechanistically, loss or inhibition of MLK3 down-regulates expression of a prolyl-isomerase, Ppia, which is directly phosphorylated by MLK3 to increase its isomerase activity. Moreover, MLK3 also phosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and regulates its nuclear translocation via interaction with Ppia, and this regulates T cell effector function. In an immune-competent mouse model of breast cancer, MLK3 inhibitor increases Granzyme B-positive CD8+ T cells and decreases MLK3 and Ppia gene expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Likewise, the MLK3 inhibitor in pan T cells, isolated from breast cancer patients, also increases cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results collectively demonstrate that MLK3 plays an important role in T cell biology, and targeting MLK3 could serve as a potential therapeutic intervention via increasing T cell cytotoxicity in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cyclophilin A/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Periannan Sethupathi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Rajyasree Emmadi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Kent Hoskins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Oana Danciu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- Research Unit, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612;
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- Research Unit, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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17
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Weilandt J, Diehl K, Schaarschmidt ML, Kieker F, Sasama B, Pronk M, Ohletz J, Könnecke A, Müller V, Utikal J, Hillen U, Harth W, Peitsch WK. Patient Preferences in Adjuvant and Palliative Treatment of Advanced Melanoma: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00083. [PMID: 32057087 PMCID: PMC9128976 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment paradigms for advanced melanoma have changed fundamentally over recent years. A discrete choice experiment was performed to explore patient preferences regarding outcome (overall response rate, 2-year survival rate, progression-free survival, time to response, type of adverse events, probability of adverse event-related treatment discontinuation) and process attributes (frequency and route of administration, frequency of consultations) of modern treatments for melanoma. Mean preferences of 150 patients with melanoma stage IIC-IV were highest for overall response rate (relative importance score (RIS) 26.8) and 2-year survival (RIS 21.6), followed by type of adverse events (RIS 11.7) and probability of adverse event-related treatment discontinuation (RIS 9.2). Interest in overall response rate and 2-year survival declined with increasing age, whereas process attributes gained importance. Participants who had experienced treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors valued overall response rate more highly and worried less about the type of adverse events. In conclusion, patients with advanced melanoma consider efficacy of treatment options most important, followed by safety, but preferences vary with individual and disease-related characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Weilandt
- Department of Dermatology and Phlebology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Yang J, Shibu MA, Kong L, Luo J, BadrealamKhan F, Huang Y, Tu ZC, Yun CH, Huang CY, Ding K, Lu X. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships of 1,2,3-Triazole Benzenesulfonamides as New Selective Leucine-Zipper and Sterile-α Motif Kinase (ZAK) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2114-2130. [PMID: 31244114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ZAK is a new promising target for discovery of drugs with activity against antihypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A series of 1,2,3-triazole benzenesulfonamides were designed and synthesized as selective ZAK inhibitors. One of these compounds, 6p binds tightly to ZAK protein (Kd = 8.0 nM) and potently suppresses the kinase function of ZAK with single-digit nM (IC50 = 4.0 nM) and exhibits excellent selectivity in a KINOMEscan screening platform against a panel of 403 wild-type kinases. This compound dose dependently blocks p38/GATA-4 and JNK/c-Jun signaling and demonstrates promising in vivo anti-HCM efficacy upon oral administration in a spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model. Compound 6p may serve as a lead compound for new anti-HCM drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Yang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Lulu Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Systems Biomedicine and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Farheen BadrealamKhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yanhui Huang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Tu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cai-Hong Yun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Systems Biomedicine and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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19
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Monti M, Consoli F, Vescovi R, Bugatti M, Vermi W. Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E417. [PMID: 32054102 PMCID: PMC7072514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients has remained poor for a long time. However, the recent introduction of effective target therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAFV600-mutated MM) and immunotherapies (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) has significantly improved the survival of MM patients. Notably, all these responses are highly dependent on the fitness of the host immune system, including the innate compartment. Among immune cells involved in cancer immunity, properly activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exert an important role, bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses and directly eliminating cancer cells. A distinctive feature of pDCs is the production of high amount of type I Interferon (I-IFN), through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 signaling pathway activation. However, published data indicate that melanoma-associated escape mechanisms are in place to hijack pDC functions. We have recently reported that pDC recruitment is recurrent in the early phases of melanoma, but the entire pDC compartment collapses over melanoma progression. Here, we summarize recent advances on pDC biology and function within the context of melanoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Scarneo SA, Hughes PF, Yang KW, Carlson DA, Gurbani D, Westover KD, Haystead TAJ. A highly selective inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1/4 (IRAK-1/4) delineates the distinct signaling roles of IRAK-1/4 and the TAK1 kinase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1565-1574. [PMID: 31914413 PMCID: PMC7008364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) and IRAK-4, as well as transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), are protein kinases essential for transducing inflammatory signals from interleukin receptors. IRAK family proteins and TAK1 have high sequence identity within the ATP-binding pocket, limiting the development of highly selective IRAK-1/4 or TAK1 inhibitors. Beyond kinase activity, IRAKs and TAK1 act as molecular scaffolds along with other signaling proteins, complicating the interpretation of experiments involving knockin or knockout approaches. In contrast, pharmacological manipulation offers the promise of targeting catalysis-mediated signaling without grossly disrupting the cellular architecture. Recently, we reported the discovery of takinib, a potent and highly selective TAK1 inhibitor that has only marginal activity against IRAK-4. On the basis of the TAK1-takinib complex structure and the structure of IRAK-1/4, here we defined critical contact sites of the takinib scaffold within the nucleotide-binding sites of each respective kinase. Kinase activity testing of takinib analogs against IRAK-4 identified a highly potent IRAK-4 inhibitor (HS-243). In a kinome-wide screen of 468 protein kinases, HS-243 had exquisite selectivity toward both IRAK-1 (IC50 = 24 nm) and IRAK-4 (IC50 = 20 nm), with only minimal TAK1-inhibiting activity (IC50 = 0.5 μm). Using HS-243 and takinib, we evaluated the consequences of cytokine/chemokine responses after selective inhibition of IRAK-1/4 or TAK1 in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Our results indicate that HS-243 specifically inhibits intracellular IRAKs without TAK1 inhibition and that these kinases have distinct, nonredundant signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Scarneo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kelly W Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David A Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Deepak Gurbani
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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21
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Newey A, Griffiths B, Michaux J, Pak HS, Stevenson BJ, Woolston A, Semiannikova M, Spain G, Barber LJ, Matthews N, Rao S, Watkins D, Chau I, Coukos G, Racle J, Gfeller D, Starling N, Cunningham D, Bassani-Sternberg M, Gerlinger M. Immunopeptidomics of colorectal cancer organoids reveals a sparse HLA class I neoantigen landscape and no increase in neoantigens with interferon or MEK-inhibitor treatment. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:309. [PMID: 31735170 PMCID: PMC6859637 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient derived organoids (PDOs) can be established from colorectal cancers (CRCs) as in vitro models to interrogate cancer biology and its clinical relevance. We applied mass spectrometry (MS) immunopeptidomics to investigate neoantigen presentation and whether this can be augmented through interferon gamma (IFNγ) or MEK-inhibitor treatment. METHODS Four microsatellite stable PDOs from chemotherapy refractory and one from a treatment naïve CRC were expanded to replicates with 100 million cells each, and HLA class I and class II peptide ligands were analyzed by MS. RESULTS We identified an average of 9936 unique peptides per PDO which compares favorably against published immunopeptidomics studies, suggesting high sensitivity. Loss of heterozygosity of the HLA locus was associated with low peptide diversity in one PDO. Peptides from genes without detectable expression by RNA-sequencing were rarely identified by MS. Only 3 out of 612 non-silent mutations encoded for neoantigens that were detected by MS. In contrast, computational HLA binding prediction estimated that 304 mutations could generate neoantigens. One hundred ninety-six of these were located in expressed genes, still exceeding the number of MS-detected neoantigens 65-fold. Treatment of four PDOs with IFNγ upregulated HLA class I expression and qualitatively changed the immunopeptidome, with increased presentation of IFNγ-inducible genes. HLA class II presented peptides increased dramatically with IFNγ treatment. MEK-inhibitor treatment showed no consistent effect on HLA class I or II expression or the peptidome. Importantly, no additional HLA class I or II presented neoantigens became detectable with any treatment. CONCLUSIONS Only 3 out of 612 non-silent mutations encoded for neoantigens that were detectable by MS. Although MS has sensitivity limits and biases, and likely underestimated the true neoantigen burden, this established a lower bound of the percentage of non-silent mutations that encode for presented neoantigens, which may be as low as 0.5%. This could be a reason for the poor responses of non-hypermutated CRCs to immune checkpoint inhibitors. MEK-inhibitors recently failed to improve checkpoint-inhibitor efficacy in CRC and the observed lack of HLA upregulation or improved peptide presentation may explain this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Newey
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Beatrice Griffiths
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Justine Michaux
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hui Song Pak
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew Woolston
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Maria Semiannikova
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Georgia Spain
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Louise J. Barber
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Nik Matthews
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Sheela Rao
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - David Watkins
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Ian Chau
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Racle
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Naureen Starling
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - David Cunningham
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Translational Oncogenomics Lab, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB UK
- GI Cancer Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ UK
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22
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Scaranti M, Nava Rodrigues D, Banerji U. Deep and sustained radiological response after MEK-RAF inhibition in HRAS mutant apocrine carcinoma of the scalp. Eur J Cancer 2019; 122:9-11. [PMID: 31600639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Scaranti
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Udai Banerji
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom.
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23
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Miller-Rhodes P, Kong C, Baht GS, Saminathan P, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Gelbard HA, Terrando N. The broad spectrum mixed-lineage kinase 3 inhibitor URMC-099 prevents acute microgliosis and cognitive decline in a mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:193. [PMID: 31660984 PMCID: PMC6816182 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pre-existing neurodegenerative disease commonly experience fractures that require orthopedic surgery. Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, are serious complications that can result in increased 1-year mortality when superimposed on dementia. Importantly, there are no disease-modifying therapeutic options for PND. Our lab developed the "broad spectrum" mixed-lineage kinase 3 inhibitor URMC-099 to inhibit pathological innate immune responses that underlie neuroinflammation-associated cognitive dysfunction. Here, we test the hypothesis that URMC-099 can prevent surgery-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. METHODS Orthopedic surgery was performed by fracturing the tibia of the left hindlimb with intramedullary fixation under general anesthesia and analgesia. In a pilot experiment, 9-month-old mice were treated five times with URMC-099 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), spaced 12 h apart, with three doses prior to surgery and two doses following surgery. In this experiment, microgliosis was evaluated using unbiased stereology and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was assessed using immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunostaining. In follow-up experiments, 3-month-old mice were treated only three times with URMC-099 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), spaced 12 h apart, prior to orthopedic surgery. Two-photon scanning laser microscopy and CLARITY with light-sheet microscopy were used to define surgery-induced changes in microglial dynamics and morphology, respectively. Surgery-induced memory impairment was assessed using the "What-Where-When" and Memory Load Object Discrimination tasks. The acute peripheral immune response to surgery was assessed by cytokine/chemokine profiling and flow cytometry. Finally, long-term fracture healing was assessed in fracture callouses using micro-computerized tomography (microCT) and histomorphometry analyses. RESULTS Orthopedic surgery induced BBB disruption and microglial activation, but had no effect on microglial process motility. Surgically treated mice exhibited impaired object place and identity discrimination in the "What-Where-When" and Memory Load Object Discrimination tasks. Both URMC-099 dosing paradigms prevented the neuroinflammatory sequelae that accompanied orthopedic surgery. URMC-099 prophylaxis had no effect on the mobilization of the peripheral innate immune response and fracture healing. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that prophylactic URMC-099 treatment is sufficient to prevent surgery-induced microgliosis and cognitive impairment without affecting fracture healing. Together, these findings provide compelling evidence for the advancement of URMC-099 as a therapeutic option for PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Miller-Rhodes
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Cuicui Kong
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Gurpreet S. Baht
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Priyanka Saminathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Harris A. Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Lin VTG, Nabell LM, Spencer SA, Carroll WR, Harada S, Yang ES. First-Line Treatment of Widely Metastatic BRAF-Mutated Salivary Duct Carcinoma With Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019; 16:1166-1170. [PMID: 30323086 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy for which limited data exist to guide treatment decisions. With the advent of advanced molecular testing and tumor genomic profiling, clinicians now have the ability to identify potential therapeutic targets in difficult-to-treat cancers such as SDC. This report presents a male patient with widely metastatic SDC found on targeted next-generation sequencing to have a BRAF p.V600E mutation. He experienced a prolonged and robust response to first-line systemic chemotherapy with dabrafenib and trametinib. During his response interval, new data emerged to justify subsequent treatment with both an immune checkpoint inhibitor and androgen blockade after his disease progressed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of frontline BRAF-directed therapy eliciting a response in metastatic SDC.
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Chelakkot VS, Som J, Yoshioka E, Rice CP, Rutihinda SG, Hirasawa K. Systemic MEK inhibition enhances the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:758-767. [PMID: 31551581 PMCID: PMC6889170 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) gets accumulated preferentially in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-treated cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilises the accumulated PpIX to trigger cell death by light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously demonstrated that oncogenic Ras/MEK decreases PpIX accumulation in cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether combined therapy with a MEK inhibitor would improve 5-ALA-PDT efficacy. METHODS Cancer cells and mice models of cancer were treated with 5-ALA-PDT, MEK inhibitor or both MEK inhibitor and 5-ALA-PDT, and treatment efficacies were evaluated. RESULTS Ras/MEK negatively regulates the cellular sensitivity to 5-ALA-PDT as cancer cells pre-treated with a MEK inhibitor were killed more efficiently by 5-ALA-PDT. MEK inhibition promoted 5-ALA-PDT-induced ROS generation and programmed cell death. Furthermore, the combination of 5-ALA-PDT and a systemic MEK inhibitor significantly suppressed tumour growth compared with either monotherapy in mouse models of cancer. Remarkably, 44% of mice bearing human colon tumours showed a complete response with the combined treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a novel strategy to promote 5-ALA-PDT efficacy by targeting a cell signalling pathway regulating its sensitivity. This preclinical study provides a strong basis for utilising MEK inhibitors, which are approved for treating cancers, to enhance 5-ALA-PDT efficacy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Jayoti Som
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ema Yoshioka
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Chantel P Rice
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Suzette G Rutihinda
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kensuke Hirasawa
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Xi D, Niu Y, Li H, Noha SM, Temml V, Schuster D, Wang C, Xu F, Xu P. Discovery of carbazole derivatives as novel allosteric MEK inhibitors by pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:802-817. [PMID: 31252285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report in this work the discovery of novel allosteric MEK inhibitors by pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening. Two out of 13 virtual hit compounds were identified as MEK kinase inhibitors using a MEK1 binding assay. Structural derivations on the hit compound M100 (IC50 = 27.2 ± 4.5 μM in RAF-MEK cascading assay) by substituent transformation and bioisosterism replacement have led to the synthesis of a small library of carbazoles. The enzymatic studies revealed the preliminary structure-activity relationships and the derivative 22k (IC50 = 12.8 ± 0.5 μM) showed the most potent inhibitory effect against Raf-MEK cascading. Compound 7 was discovered as toxic as M100 to tumor cells whereas safer to HEK293 cells (IC50 > 100 μM) than M100 (IC50 = 8.9 ± 2.0 μM). It suggests that carbazole is a good scaffold for the design of novel MEK inhibitors for therapeutic uses. More importantly, the developed pharmacophore model can serve as a reliable criterion in novel MEK inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongyue Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Stefan M Noha
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengrong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Robert C, Grob JJ, Stroyakovskiy D, Karaszewska B, Hauschild A, Levchenko E, Chiarion Sileni V, Schachter J, Garbe C, Bondarenko I, Gogas H, Mandalá M, Haanen JBAG, Lebbé C, Mackiewicz A, Rutkowski P, Nathan PD, Ribas A, Davies MA, Flaherty KT, Burgess P, Tan M, Gasal E, Voi M, Schadendorf D, Long GV. Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:626-636. [PMID: 31166680 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1904059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 760] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who have unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation have prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival when receiving treatment with BRAF inhibitors plus MEK inhibitors. However, long-term clinical outcomes in these patients remain undefined. To determine 5-year survival rates and clinical characteristics of the patients with durable benefit, we sought to review long-term data from randomized trials of combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. METHODS We analyzed pooled extended-survival data from two trials involving previously untreated patients who had received BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (at a dose of 150 mg twice daily) plus MEK inhibitor trametinib (2 mg once daily) in the COMBI-d and COMBI-v trials. The median duration of follow-up was 22 months (range, 0 to 76). The primary end points in the COMBI-d and COMBI-v trials were progression-free survival and overall survival, respectively. RESULTS A total of 563 patients were randomly assigned to receive dabrafenib plus trametinib (211 in the COMBI-d trial and 352 in the COMBI-v trial). The progression-free survival rates were 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17 to 24) at 4 years and 19% (95% CI, 15 to 22) at 5 years. The overall survival rates were 37% (95% CI, 33 to 42) at 4 years and 34% (95% CI, 30 to 38) at 5 years. In multivariate analysis, several baseline factors (e.g., performance status, age, sex, number of organ sites with metastasis, and lactate dehydrogenase level) were significantly associated with both progression-free survival and overall survival. A complete response occurred in 109 patients (19%) and was associated with an improved long-term outcome, with an overall survival rate of 71% (95% CI, 62 to 79) at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS First-line treatment with dabrafenib plus trametinib led to long-term benefit in approximately one third of the patients who had unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis; COMBI-d ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01584648; COMBI-v ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01597908.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robert
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Jean J Grob
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Daniil Stroyakovskiy
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Boguslawa Karaszewska
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Axel Hauschild
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Evgeny Levchenko
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Vanna Chiarion Sileni
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Jacob Schachter
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Claus Garbe
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Igor Bondarenko
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Helen Gogas
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Mario Mandalá
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - John B A G Haanen
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Paul D Nathan
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Antoni Ribas
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Michael A Davies
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Paul Burgess
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Monique Tan
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Eduard Gasal
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Maurizio Voi
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
| | - Georgina V Long
- From Institut Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud-Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif (C.R.), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J.J.G.), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Dermatology and Clinical Investigation Center, Unité 976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (C.L.) - all in France; Moscow City Oncology Hospital, Moscow (D. Stroyakovskiy), and the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg (E.L.) - both in Russia; Przychodnia Lekarska Komed, Konin (B.K.), the University of Medical Sciences, Poznań (A.M.), and the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw (P.R.) - all in Poland; the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel (A.H.), the Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (C.G.), University Hospital Essen, Essen (D. Schadendorf), and the German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg (D. Schadendorf) - all in Germany; the Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua (V.C.S.), and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.M.) - both in Italy; the Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (J.S.), and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (J.S.) - both in Israel; Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (I.B.); Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (H.G.); the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam (J.B.A.G.H.); Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom (P.D.N.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (A.R.); the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.A.D.); Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.T.F.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (P.B.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.T., E.G., M.V.); and the Melanoma Institute Australia, the University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney (G.V.L.)
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Kline EM, Butkovich LM, Bradner JM, Chang J, Gelbard H, Goodfellow V, Caudle WM, Tansey MG. The second generation mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) inhibitor CLFB-1134 protects against neurotoxin-induced nigral dopaminergic neuron loss. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:157-164. [PMID: 31077715 PMCID: PMC6592621 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons express mixed lineage kinases which regulate the expression of cell death genes. In Parkinson's disease, cell death via apoptosis is prevalent, and previous work testing mixed lineage kinase inhibitors in animal models suggested the inhibitors had some neuroprotective potential. CLFB-1134 is a new, brain-penetrant inhibitor specific for MLK3, tested here in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of dopaminergic depletion and nigral neuron death in mice. After ensuring that treatment with CLFB-1134 did not alter conversion of MPTP to MPP+, we demonstrated CLFB-1134's inhibition of MLK3 and neuroprotective efficacy. Specifically we evaluated the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system following MPTP by assessing protein expression, high performance liquid chromatography, and immunohistology with stereology. We found that CLFB-1134 achieves protection of striatal dopaminergic terminals and nigral cell bodies when dosed simultaneously or following MPTP treatment. By preventing phosphorylation of JNK and other downstream targets of MLK3, CLFB-1134 protects against the neurotoxin MPTP. Inhibition of MLK3 may be a valid target for future work investigating treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kline
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Laura M Butkovich
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Harris Gelbard
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
| | - Val Goodfellow
- Califia Bio Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
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Lai-Kwon J, Khoo C, Lo S, Milne D, Mohamed M, Raleigh J, Smith K, Lisy K, Sandhu S, Jefford M. The survivorship experience for patients with metastatic melanoma on immune checkpoint and BRAF-MEK inhibitors. J Cancer Surviv 2019; 13:503-511. [PMID: 31165342 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BMi) have improved survival in metastatic melanoma (MM). However, the experience of long-term responders remains undescribed. This study characterised survivorship issues faced by long-term responders to ICI or BMi. METHODS Patients with MM, aged ≥ 18 years old, ≥ 6 months post-ICI or BMi initiation with an objective response or stable disease. A 72-question survey assessed physical and psychological effects, impact on lifestyle, access to information, satisfaction with care, and availability of supports. RESULTS One hundred and five of 120 (88%) patients completed the survey (ICI 69/BMI 36). For the ICI cohort, 39 (57%) were receiving ongoing treatment, 17 ceased due to toxicity and 13 due to a sustained response. For the BMi cohort, 31 (85%) were receiving ongoing treatment, 4 ceased due to toxicity and 1 due to a sustained complete response. At data cut-off on 18 December 2018, median PFS (range) was 2.5 years (1.3-8.5) for ICI and 3.1 years (0.6-7.3) for BMi. Long-term toxicities included dry/itchy skin (ICI 51, 74%/ BMi 25, 69%), arthralgias (ICI 30, 58%/ BMi 23, 64%) and fatigue (ICI 62, 90%/ BMi 33, 92%). Psychological morbidity was common, including anxiety awaiting results (ICI 50, 72%/ BMi 29, 81%), fear of melanoma recurring or progressing (ICI 56, 81%/ BMi 31, 86%) or death (ICI 44, 64%/ BMi 26, 72%). CONCLUSION MM survivors experience chronic treatment toxicities and frequently report psychological concerns. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Survivors may benefit from discussions regarding long-term toxicities and tailored psychological supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lai-Kwon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chloe Khoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Donna Milne
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mustafa Mohamed
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanette Raleigh
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kortnye Smith
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karolina Lisy
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Jefford
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Kanemaru Y, Natsumeda M, Okada M, Saito R, Kobayashi D, Eda T, Watanabe J, Saito S, Tsukamoto Y, Oishi M, Saito H, Nagahashi M, Sasaki T, Hashizume R, Aoyama H, Wakai T, Kakita A, Fujii Y. Dramatic response of BRAF V600E-mutant epithelioid glioblastoma to combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor: establishment and xenograft of a cell line to predict clinical efficacy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:119. [PMID: 31345255 PMCID: PMC6659204 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid glioblastoma is a rare aggressive variant of glioblastoma (GBM) characterized by a dismal prognosis of about 6 months and frequent leptomeningeal dissemination. A recent study has revealed that 50% of epithelioid GBMs harbor three genetic alterations - BRAF V600E mutation, TERT promoter mutations, and homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/2B. Emerging evidence support the effectiveness of targeted therapies for brain tumors with BRAF V600E mutation. Here we describe a dramatic radiographical response to combined therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in a patient with epithelioid GBM harboring BRAF V600E mutation, characterized by thick spinal dissemination. From relapsed tumor procured at autopsy, we established a cell line retaining the BRAF V600E mutation, TERT promoter mutation and CDKN2A/2B loss. Intracranial implantation of these cells into mice resulted in tumors closely resembling the original, characterized by epithelioid tumor cells and dissemination, and invasion into the perivascular spaces. We then confirmed the efficacy of treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. Epithelioid GBM with BRAF V600E mutation can be considered a good treatment indication for precision medicine, and this patient-derived cell line should be useful for prediction of the tumor response and clarification of its biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kanemaru
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masayasu Okada
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Saito
- Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Eda
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukamoto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Oishi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotake Saito
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hidefumi Aoyama
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Meyer LK, Delgado-Martin C, Maude SL, Shannon KM, Teachey DT, Hermiston ML. CRLF2 rearrangement in Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts relative glucocorticoid resistance that is overcome with MEK or Akt inhibition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220026. [PMID: 31318944 PMCID: PMC6638974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a genetically heterogeneous subtype of B-cell ALL characterized by chromosomal rearrangements and mutations that result in aberrant cytokine receptor and kinase signaling. In particular, chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) occur in 50% of Ph-like ALL cases. CRLF2 overexpression is associated with particularly poor clinical outcomes, though the molecular basis for this is currently unknown. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are integral to the treatment of ALL and GC resistance at diagnosis is an important negative prognostic factor. Given the importance of GCs in ALL therapy and the poor outcomes for patients with CRLF2 overexpression, we hypothesized that the aberrant signal transduction associated with CRLF2 overexpression might mediate intrinsic GC insensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Ph-like ALL cells from patient-derived xenografts to GCs and found that CRLF2 rearranged (CRLF2R) leukemias uniformly demonstrated reduced GC sensitivity in vitro. Furthermore, targeted inhibition of signal transduction with the MEK inhibitor trametinib and the Akt inhibitor MK2206, but not the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, was sufficient to augment GC sensitivity. These data suggest that suboptimal GC responses may in part underlie the poor clinical outcomes for patients with CRLF2 overexpression and provide rationale for combination therapy involving GCs and signal transduction inhibitors as a means of enhancing GC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Cristina Delgado-Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Shannon L. Maude
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - David T. Teachey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma has dramatically improved in recent years with the introduction of two new therapeutic strategies. BRAF and MEK inhibitors are small molecules that are able to block the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is constitutively activated by recurrent BRAF V600 mutations in 45% of melanoma patients. These agents were shown to provide a rapid and strong response but are often limited by a high rate of secondary resistance. Monoclonal antibodies against the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) can restore an efficient and durable anti-tumor immunity, even following treatment discontinuation. Anti-PD-1 antibodies were shown to prolong survival of metastatic melanoma patients and a real cure seems to be obtainable in some patients. Many more therapies are currently under investigation, given that 50% of patients still do not have long-term benefits from approved treatments. The main goal is to avoid or circumvent primary or secondary immune resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy not only by targeting other players in the tumor microenvironment but also by optimizing treatment sequencing and combining anti-PD-1 with other treatments, especially with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. The unexpected major successes of immunotherapies in melanoma have opened the way for the development of these treatments in other cancers. In this review, we describe the different available treatments, their toxicities, and the key components of our decisional algorithms, and give an overview of what we expect to be the near future of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Malissen
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Department, Aix-Marseille University, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Department, Aix-Marseille University, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Belli V, Matrone N, Napolitano S, Migliardi G, Cottino F, Bertotti A, Trusolino L, Martinelli E, Morgillo F, Ciardiello D, De Falco V, Giunta EF, Bracale U, Ciardiello F, Troiani T. Combined blockade of MEK and PI3KCA as an effective antitumor strategy in HER2 gene amplified human colorectal cancer models. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:236. [PMID: 31164152 PMCID: PMC6549349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) either alone or in combination with chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small percentage of mCRC patients receive clinical benefits from anti-EGFR therapies, due to the development of resistance mechanisms. In this regard, HER2 has emerged as an actionable target in the treatment of mCRC patients with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. METHODS We have used SW48 and LIM1215 human colon cancer cell lines, quadruple wild-type for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PI3KCA genes, and their HER2-amplified (LIM1215-HER2 and SW48-HER2) derived cells to perform in vitro and in vivo studies in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies in HER2 gene amplified human colorectal cancer. RESULTS LIM1215-HER2 and SW48-HER2 cells showed over-expression and activation of the HER family receptors and concomitant intracellular downstream signaling including the pro-survival PI3KCA/AKT and the mitogenic RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathways. HER2-amplified cells were treated with several agents including anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab, SYM004 and MM151); anti-HER2 (trastuzumab, pertuzumab and lapatinib) inhibitors; anti-HER3 (duligotuzumab) inhibitors; and MEK and PI3KCA inhibitors, such as refametinib and pictilisib, as single agents and in combination. Subsequently, different in vivo experiments have been performed. MEK plus PI3KCA inhibitors treatment determined the best antitumor activity. These results were validated in vivo in HER2-amplified patient derived tumor xenografts from three metastatic colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that combined therapy with MEK and PI3KCA inhibitors could represent a novel and effective treatment option for HER2-amplified colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Belli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Matrone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Giorgia Migliardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Cottino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Bracale
- Department of Endocrinology, Gastroenterology and Endoscopic Surgery, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Allen A, Qin ACR, Raj N, Wang J, Uddin S, Yao Z, Tang L, Meyers PA, Taylor BS, Berger MF, Yaeger R, Reidy-Lagunes D, Pratilas CA. Rare BRAF mutations in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may predict response to RAF and MEK inhibition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217399. [PMID: 31158244 PMCID: PMC6546234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of BRAF alterations in well-differentiated (WD) metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (panNET) is unknown, but BRAF-mutated panNET could represent a subset characterized by an identifiable and clinically actionable driver. Following the identification of two patients with WD metastatic panNET whose tumors harbored BRAF mutations, we queried the MSK-IMPACT series of 80 patients with WD metastatic panNET for additional mutations in BRAF, and in other genes involved in RAS/ RTK/ PI3K signaling pathways. BRAF mutations were identified in six samples (7.5%): two tumors harbored V600E mutations, one tumor each expressed K601E, T599K, and T310I mutations, and one tumor expressed both G596D and E451K BRAF. Few additional actionable driver alterations were identified. To determine the ERK activating capability of four BRAF mutations not previously characterized, mutant constructs were tested in model systems. Biochemical characterization of BRAF mutations revealed both high and low activity mutants. Engineered cells expressing BRAF K601E and V600E were used for in vitro drug testing of RAF and MEK inhibitors currently in clinical use. BRAF K601E demonstrated reduced sensitivity to dabrafenib compared to BRAF V600E, but the combination of RAF plus MEK inhibition was effective in cells expressing this mutation. Herein, we describe the clinical course of a patient with BRAF K601E and a patient with BRAF V600E WD metastatic panNET, and the identification of four mutations in BRAF not previously characterized. The combined clinical and biochemical data support a potential role for RAF and MEK inhibitors, or a combination of these, in a selected panNET population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Allen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alice Can Ran Qin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nitya Raj
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jiawan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharmeen Uddin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhan Yao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry S. Taylor
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Diane Reidy-Lagunes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine A. Pratilas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Treatment of advanced melanoma has undergone a paradigm shift over the last 10-15 years. The frustrating results of studies on medical treatment ten years ago have been replaced by studies constantly improving survival in patients with advanced melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors belong to one group of treatments and targeted therapy to another. Fifty percent of melanomas are BRAF mutation positive. Normally, the mitogen activated protein kinase or MAP kinase (Ras-BRAF-MEK-Erk chain) pathways translate external signals to intracellular growth and proliferation. In BRAF mutated melanoma cells, the mutated BRAF kinase is excessively active leading to autonomous proliferation and cancerous growth. This kinase can be blocked by BRAF-inhibitors. If given to BRAF negative melanoma patients, it may lead to disease progression because Ras is not inhibited in these cells. Development of Squamous cell carcinomas as a serious adverse event to BRAF inhibition may be caused by similar mechanisms in non BRAF mutated keratinocytes. A spontaneous and paradoxical loss of effect is seen with BRAF inhibitors due to various ways melanoma cells bypass BRAF. This is somewhat counteracted by the addition of a MEK1/2 inhibitor. Overall progression-free survival has increased from a median of two months for chemotherapy, via 7-8 months for BRAF inhibitor to 10-14 months for newer BRAF and MEK inhibitor combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik F Lorentzen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 67, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Richmond CS, Vallatharasu Y, Deviley JA, Vos CR, Parsons BM, Kenny PA. Sequential treatment failures in response to BRAF/MEK and immune checkpoint inhibitors mediated by MAP2K2 and B2M mutations in melanoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 110:104260. [PMID: 31082388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the treatment of metastatic melanoma has been significantly improved by both anti-BRAF/MEK and checkpoint immunotherapies, resistance to these treatment modalities remains a substantial clinical problem. Multiple clinical studies are addressing the optimal sequencing of these agents in larger patient cohorts, but successful long-term individualized treatment will likely require the elucidation of resistance mechanisms from post-progression samples. Here, we describe a patient with BRAF-V600E-positive metastatic melanoma who was sequentially treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib/trametinib) and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (nivolumab, followed by pembrolizumab). After the emergence of resistance, whole exome sequencing was performed, implicating MAP2K2 and B2M mutations in loss of response to anti-BRAF/MEK and anti-PD1 therapies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Richmond
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Yazhini Vallatharasu
- Department of Medical Education, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Jake A Deviley
- Department of Oncology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Cullen R Vos
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Benjamin M Parsons
- Department of Oncology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Paraic A Kenny
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Goto H, Shimauchi T, Fukuchi K, Yokota N, Koizumi S, Aoshima M, Endo Y, Masuda Y, Miyazawa H, Kasuya A, Nakamura K, Ito T, Tokura Y. Therapeutic Effectiveness of Immunoradiotherapy on Brain-metastatic BRAF/MEK Inhibitor-resistant Melanoma with Balloon Cell Change. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:612-613. [PMID: 30673109 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Goto
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Dudnik E, Bar J, Peled N, Bshara E, Kuznetsov T, Cohen AY, Shochat T, Nechushtan H, Onn A, Agbarya A, Moskovitz M, Keren S, Popovits-Hadar N, Urban D, Mishaeli M, Rabinovich NM, Brenner R, Zer A, Rotem O, Roisman LC, Wollner M. Efficacy and Safety of BRAF Inhibitors With or Without MEK Inhibitors in BRAF-Mutant Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Findings From a Real-Life Cohort. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:278-286.e1. [PMID: 31060855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-life comparative data on BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and BRAFi + MEK inhibitors (MEKi) combination in BRAF-mutant (BRAFm) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive BRAFm advanced NSCLC patients (n = 58) treated in 9 Israeli centers in 2009-2018 were identified. These were divided according to mutation subtype and treatment into groups A1 (V600E, BRAFi; n = 5), A2 (V600E, BRAFi + MEKi; n = 15), A3 (V600E, no BRAFi; n = 7), B1 (non-V600E, BRAFi ± MEKi; n = 7), and B2 (non-V600E, no BRAFi; n = 23); one patient received both BRAFi and BRAFi + MEKi. Safety, objective response rate, progression-free survival with BRAFi ± MEKi, and overall survival were assessed. RESULTS Objective response rate was 40%, 67%, and 33% in groups A1, A2, and B1, respectively (P = .5 for comparison between groups A1 and A2). In group B1, G469A and L597R mutations were associated with response to BRAFi + MEKi. Median progression-free survival was 1.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-5.3), 5.5 months (95% CI, 0.7-9.3), and 3.6 months (95% CI, 1.5-6.7) for groups A1, A2, and B1, respectively (log-rank for comparison between groups A1 and A2, P = .04). Median overall survival with BRAFi ± MEKi was 1.7 months (95% CI, 0.5-NR), 9.5 months (95% CI, 0.2-14.9), and 7.1 months (95% CI, 1.8-NR) in groups A1, A2, and B1, respectively (log-rank for comparison between groups A1 and A2, P = .6). Safety profiles differed slightly, and similar treatment discontinuation rates were observed with BRAFi and BRAFi + MEKi. CONCLUSION In the real-life setting, activity and safety of BRAFi + MEKi in V600E BRAFm NSCLC are comparable to those observed in prospective clinical trials; the combination of BRAFi + MEKi is superior to monotherapy with a BRAFi. Further research should be done to explore the impact of BRAFi + MEKi treatment on the natural history of BRAFm NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dudnik
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Jair Bar
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Peled
- Soroka University Medical Center, The Cancer Institute, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elias Bshara
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Teodor Kuznetsov
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Tzippy Shochat
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Oncology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Onn
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abed Agbarya
- Oncology Department, Bney Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mor Moskovitz
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shoshana Keren
- Oncology Department, Lin Medical Center (associated with Carmel Hospital), Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Popovits-Hadar
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Oncology Department, Lin Medical Center (associated with Carmel Hospital), Haifa, Israel
| | - Damien Urban
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moshe Mishaeli
- Oncology Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Sava, Israel
| | | | - Ronen Brenner
- Oncology Department, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Alona Zer
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ofer Rotem
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Laila C Roisman
- Soroka University Medical Center, The Cancer Institute, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mira Wollner
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Technion, Israeli Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
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Saminathan P, Kevadiya BD, Marker DF, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Gelbard HA. Broad Spectrum Mixed Lineage Kinase Type 3 Inhibition and HIV-1 Persistence in Macrophages. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:44-51. [PMID: 30617749 PMCID: PMC6391203 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-09829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) are a group of serine-threonine kinases that evolved in part to respond to endogenous and exogenous insults that result in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) thrives in these conditions and is associated with the development of associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). As part of a drug discovery program to identify new therapeutic strategies for HAND, we created a library of broad spectrum MLK inhibitors with drug-like properties. Serendipitously, the lead compound, URMC-099 has proved useful not only in reversing damage to synaptic architecture in models of HAND, but also serves to restore autophagy as a protective response when given in concert with nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) in persistently infected macrophages. These findings are reviewed in the context of MLK3 biology and cellular signaling pathways relevant to new HIV-1 therapies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saminathan
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel F Marker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neuroscience and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Lee JW, Zhang Y, Eoh KJ, Sharma R, Sanmamed MF, Wu J, Choi J, Park HS, Iwasaki A, Kaftan E, Chen L, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Herbst RS, Koo JS. The Combination of MEK Inhibitor With Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting Programmed Death 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Results in Prolonged Survival in Kras/p53-Driven Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1046-1060. [PMID: 30771521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune cells population in Kras/tumor protein 53 (Trp53)-driven lung tumors and to evaluate the combinatorial antitumor effect with MEK inhibitor (MEKi), trametinib, and immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting either programmed death -1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in vivo. METHODS Trp53FloxFlox;KrasG12D/+;Rosa26LSL-Luciferase/LSL-Luciferase (PKL) genetically engineered mice were used to develop autochthonous lung tumors with intratracheal delivery of adenoviral Cre recombinase. Using these tumor-bearing lungs, tumor-infiltrating immune cells were characterized by both mass cytometry and flow cytometry. PKL-mediated immunocompetent syngeneic and transgenic lung cancer mouse models were treated with MEKi alone as well as in combination with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs. Tumor growth and survival outcome were assessed. Finally, immune cell populations within spleens and tumors were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were significantly augmented in PKL-driven lung tumors compared to normal lungs of tumor-free mice. PD-L1 expression appeared to be highly positive in both lung tumor cells and, particularly MDSCs. The combinatory administration of MEKi with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs synergistically increased antitumor response and survival outcome compared with single-agent therapy in both the PKL-mediated syngeneic and transgenic lung cancer models. Theses combinational treatments resulted in significant increases of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, whereas attenuation of CD11b+/Gr-1high MDSCs, in particular, Ly6Ghigh polymorphonuclear-MDSCs in the syngeneic model. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for untargetable Kras/p53-driven lung cancers with synergy between targeted therapy using MEKi and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Lee
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyung Jin Eoh
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jenny Wu
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Justin Choi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward Kaftan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vali Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ja Seok Koo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Developmental Therapeutics Translational Research Program, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.
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de Weger VA, de Jonge M, Langenberg MHG, Schellens JHM, Lolkema M, Varga A, Demers B, Thomas K, Hsu K, Tuffal G, Goodstal S, Macé S, Deutsch E. A phase I study of the HDM2 antagonist SAR405838 combined with the MEK inhibitor pimasertib in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:286-293. [PMID: 30585255 PMCID: PMC6354023 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of combination therapy with the HDM2 inhibitor SAR405838 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor pimasertib administered orally once daily (QD) or twice daily (BID) in locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours (NCT01985191). METHODS Patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours with documented wild-type TP53 and RAS or RAF mutations were enroled. A 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was employed. The primary objective was to assess maximum tolerated dose (MTD). RESULTS Twenty-six patients were treated with SAR405838 200 or 300 mg QD plus pimasertib 60 mg QD or 45 mg BID. The MTD was SAR405838 200 mg QD plus pimasertib 45 mg BID. The most common dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. The most frequently occurring treatment-related adverse events were diarrhoea (81%), increased blood creatine phosphokinase (77%), nausea (62%) and vomiting (62%). No significant drug-drug interactions were observed. The biomarkers MIC-1 and pERK were, respectively, upregulated and downregulated in response to study treatment. In 24 efficacy-evaluable patients, one patient (4%) had a partial response and 63% had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS The safety profile of SAR405838 and pimasertib combined was consistent with the safety profiles of both drugs. Preliminary antitumour activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A de Weger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maja de Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC/Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC/Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Varga
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM 1030, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Deutsch
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM 1030, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, F-94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Liu Z, Zhang W, Phillips JB, Arora R, McClellan S, Li J, Kim JH, Sobol RW, Tan M. Immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 regulates cancer stem cell enrichment and drug resistance through MVP-mediated MEK activation. Oncogene 2019; 38:88-102. [PMID: 30082909 PMCID: PMC6318029 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 is a tumor-promoting glycoprotein that is expressed at low levels in most normal tissues, but is overexpressed in various human cancers which is associated with disease progression and poor patient outcome. Although numerous publications have reported the correlation between B7-H3 and cancer progression in many types of cancers, mechanistic studies on how B7-H3 regulates cancer malignancy are rare, and the mechanisms underlying the role of B7-H3 in drug resistance are almost unknown. Here we report a novel finding that upregulation of B7-H3 increases the breast cancer stem cell population and promotes cancer development. Depletion of B7-H3 in breast cancer significantly inhibits the cancer stem cells. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we found that B7-H3 is associated with the major vault protein (MVP) and activates MEK through MVP-enhancing B-RAF and MEK interaction. B7-H3 expression increases stem cell population by binding to MVP which regulates the activation of the MAPK kinase pathway. Depletion of MVP blocks the activation of MEK induced by B7-H3 and dramatically inhibits B7-H3 induced stem cells. This study reports novel functions of B7-H3 in regulating breast cancer stem cell enrichment. The novel mechanism for B7-H3-induced stem cell propagation by regulating MVP/MEK signaling axis independent of the classic Ras pathway may have important implications in the development of strategies for overcoming cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Liu
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joshua B Phillips
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ritu Arora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, 307N. University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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Calamaras TD, Baumgartner RA, Aronovitz MJ, McLaughlin AL, Tam K, Richards DA, Cooper CW, Li N, Baur WE, Qiao X, Wang GR, Davis RJ, Kapur NK, Karas RH, Blanton RM. Mixed lineage kinase-3 prevents cardiac dysfunction and structural remodeling with pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H145-H159. [PMID: 30362822 PMCID: PMC6383356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure (HF), yet the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiomyocyte growth are incompletely understood. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade modulates cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, but the upstream factors regulating myocardial JNK activity remain unclear. In this study, we sought to identify JNK-activating molecules as novel regulators of cardiac remodeling in HF. We investigated mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3), a master regulator of upstream JNK-activating kinases, whose role in the remodeling process had not previously been studied. We observed increased MLK3 protein expression in myocardium from patients with nonischemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in hearts of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Mice with genetic deletion of MLK3 (MLK3-/-) exhibited baseline cardiac hypertrophy with preserved cardiac function. MLK3-/- mice subjected to chronic left ventricular (LV) pressure overload (TAC, 4 wk) developed worsened cardiac dysfunction and increased LV chamber size compared with MLK3+/+ littermates ( n = 8). LV mass, pathological markers of hypertrophy ( Nppa, Nppb), and cardiomyocyte size were elevated in MLK3-/- TAC hearts. Phosphorylation of JNK, but not other MAPK pathways, was selectively impaired in MLK3-/- TAC hearts. In adult rat cardiomyocytes, pharmacological MLK3 kinase inhibition using URMC-099 blocked JNK phosphorylation induced by neurohormonal agents and oxidants. Sustained URMC-099 exposure induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These data demonstrate that MLK3 prevents adverse cardiac remodeling in the setting of pressure overload. Mechanistically, MLK3 activates JNK, which in turn opposes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results support modulation of MLK3 as a potential therapeutic approach in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we identified a role for mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) as a novel antihypertrophic and antiremodeling molecule in response to cardiac pressure overload. MLK3 regulates phosphorylation of the stress-responsive JNK kinase in response to pressure overload and in cultured cardiomyocytes stimulated with hypertrophic agonists and oxidants. This study reveals MLK3-JNK signaling as a novel cardioprotective signaling axis in the setting of pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Calamaras
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Baumgartner
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela L McLaughlin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig W Cooper
- Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Li
- Tufts Animal Histology Core, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy E Baur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Qiao
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guang-Rong Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger J Davis
- University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Li H, Luo XB, Xu Y, Hou XY. A Brief Ischemic Postconditioning Protects Against Amyloid-β Peptide Neurotoxicity by Downregulating MLK3-MKK3/6-P38MAPK Signal in Rat Hippocampus. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:671-684. [PMID: 31424393 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is associated with dysfunctional neuronal networks and neuronal loss in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ischemic postconditioning protects against post-ischemic excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process that have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Evaluating the roles of ischemic postconditioning in oligomeric Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and underlying signal events may provide potential strategy for medical therapy in AD. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to explore whether and how a brief ischemic postconditioning protects against Aβ neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. METHODS Oligomeric Aβ25-35 (20 nmol/rat) or Aβ1-42 (5 nmol/rat) was infused by intracerebroventricular injection in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Ischemic postconditioning, a brief episode of global brain ischemia (3 min), was conducted at 1, 3, or 7 days after Aβ treatment, respectively. RESULTS A brief ischemic postconditioning reduced neuronal loss and inhibited the activation of MLK3, MKK3/6, and P38MAPKs in rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields after Aβ oligomer infusion. An N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist amantadine, but not non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX, reversed the MLK3-MKK3/6-P38MAPK signal events and beneficial effect of ischemic postconditioning on neuronal survival. Such reversion was also realized by NVP-AAM077, a GluN2A-subunit-selective NMDA receptor antagonist. Moreover, posttreatment with low doses of NMDA (5 nmol-40 nmol/rat) suppressed the Aβ-induced P38MAPK signaling and imitated the neuroprotection of ischemic postconditioning against Aβ neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic postconditioning provides neuroprotection against Aβ neurotoxicity by moderate upregulation of NMDA receptor signaling, especially GluN2A-containing NMDA receptor pathway, and thereafter downregulation of MLK3-MKK3/6-P38MAPK signal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Pisanu ME, Maugeri-Saccà M, Fattore L, Bruschini S, De Vitis C, Tabbì E, Bellei B, Migliano E, Kovacs D, Camera E, Picardo M, Jakopin Z, Cippitelli C, Bartolazzi A, Raffa S, Torrisi MR, Fulciniti F, Ascierto PA, Ciliberto G, Mancini R. Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 reverts BRAF and MEK inhibition-induced selection of cancer stem cells in BRAF-mutated melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:318. [PMID: 30558661 PMCID: PMC6298024 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors significantly improves survival in BRAF mutated melanoma patients but is unable to prevent disease recurrence due to the emergence of drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been involved in these long-term treatment failures. We previously reported in lung cancer that CSCs maintenance is due to altered lipid metabolism and dependent upon Stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD1)-mediated upregulation of YAP and TAZ. On this ground, we investigated the role of SCD1 in melanoma CSCs. METHODS SCD1 gene expression data of melanoma patients were downloaded from TCGA and correlated with disease progression by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed on patient's tissues by qRT-PCR and IHC analyses. The effects of combination of BRAF/MEKi and the SCD1 inhibitor MF-438 were monitored by spheroid-forming and proliferation assays on a panel of BRAF-mutated melanoma cell lines grown in 3D and 2D conditions, respectively. SCD1, YAP/TAZ and stemness markers were evaluated in melanoma cells and tissues by qRT-PCR, WB and Immunofluorescence. RESULTS We first observed that SCD1 expression increases during melanoma progression. BRAF-mutated melanoma 3D cultures enriched for CSCs overexpressed SCD1 and were more resistant than 2D differentiated cultures to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. We next showed that exposure of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells to MAPK pathway inhibitors enhanced stemness features by upregulating the expression of YAP/TAZ and downstream genes but surprisingly not SCD1. However, SCD1 pharmacological inhibition was able to downregulate YAP/TAZ and to revert at the same time CSC enrichment and resistance to MAPK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscore the role of SCD1 as prognostic marker in melanoma and promote the use of SCD1 inhibitors in combination with MAPK inhibitors for the control of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Pisanu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Present Address: High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Fattore
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutics Agents Unit, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bruschini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Tabbì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCSS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Ziga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claudia Cippitelli
- Pathology Research laboratory, Sapienza University, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research laboratory, Sapienza University, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sapienza University, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sapienza University, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Fulciniti
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Servizio di Citologia Clinica, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Paolo A. Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCSS Regina Elena, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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de Leeuw R, McNair C, Schiewer MJ, Neupane NP, Brand LJ, Augello MA, Li Z, Cheng LC, Yoshida A, Courtney SM, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Hussain MH, Diehl JA, Drake JM, Kelly WK, Knudsen KE. MAPK Reliance via Acquired CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4201-4214. [PMID: 29739788 PMCID: PMC6125187 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Loss of cell-cycle control is a hallmark of cancer, which can be targeted with agents, including cyclin-dependent kinase-4/6 (CDK4/6) kinase inhibitors that impinge upon the G1-S cell-cycle checkpoint via maintaining activity of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB). This class of drugs is under clinical investigation for various solid tumor types and has recently been FDA-approved for treatment of breast cancer. However, development of therapeutic resistance is not uncommon.Experimental Design: In this study, palbociclib (a CDK4/6 inhibitor) resistance was established in models of early stage, RB-positive cancer.Results: This study demonstrates that acquired palbociclib resistance renders cancer cells broadly resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Acquired resistance was associated with aggressive in vitro and in vivo phenotypes, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. Integration of RNA sequencing analysis and phosphoproteomics profiling revealed rewiring of the kinome, with a strong enrichment for enhanced MAPK signaling across all resistance models, which resulted in aggressive in vitro and in vivo phenotypes and prometastatic signaling. However, CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant models were sensitized to MEK inhibitors, revealing reliance on active MAPK signaling to promote tumor cell growth and invasion.Conclusions: In sum, these studies identify MAPK reliance in acquired CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance that promotes aggressive disease, while nominating MEK inhibition as putative novel therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4201-14. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée de Leeuw
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lucas J Brand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhen Li
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Larry C Cheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Graduate Program in Quantitative Biomedicine, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sean M Courtney
- Center for Genomic Medicine Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Library Science and Informatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Maha H Hussain
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Justin M Drake
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Graduate Program in Quantitative Biomedicine, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Wm Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferon University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Rueda-Rueda T, Sánchez-Vicente JL, Moruno-Rodríguez A, Molina-Socola FE, Martínez-Borrego AC, López-Herrero F. Uveitis and serous retinal detachment secondary to systemic dabrafenib and trametinib. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2018; 93:458-462. [PMID: 29580759 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CASE REPORT The case is presented of a 39-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma treated with dabrafenib and trametinib. She presented with a severe acute panuveitis with granulomatous anterior uveitis, vitritis, and multiple serous retinal detachments. Dabrafenib and trametinib were suspended, and treatment with a systemic and topical corticosteroid was started. A good response was obtained, with a recovery of visual acuity of 1.0 in both eyes within two weeks. DISCUSSION Dabrafenib and trametinib can lead to severe uveitis. Treatment with corticosteroids and discontinuation of therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib led to an anatomical and functional improvement, and resolved the episode rapidly. Ophthalmologists must be aware of this toxicity, given the increasing use of those drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rueda-Rueda
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - J L Sánchez-Vicente
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - A Moruno-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España.
| | - F E Molina-Socola
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - A C Martínez-Borrego
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - F López-Herrero
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Peh J, Boudreau MW, Smith HM, Hergenrother PJ. Overcoming Resistance to Targeted Anticancer Therapies through Small-Molecule-Mediated MEK Degradation. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:996-1005.e4. [PMID: 29909991 PMCID: PMC6097934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of mutant or fusion kinases that drive oncogenesis, and the subsequent approval of specific inhibitors for these enzymes, has been instrumental in the management of some cancers. However, acquired resistance remains a significant problem in the clinic, limiting the long-term effectiveness of most of these drugs. Here we demonstrate a general strategy to overcome this resistance through drug-induced MEK cleavage (via direct procaspase-3 activation) combined with targeted kinase inhibition. This combination effect is shown to be general across diverse tumor histologies (melanoma, lung cancer, and leukemia) and driver mutations (mutant BRAF or EGFR, fusion kinases EML4-ALK and BCR-ABL). Caspase-3-mediated degradation of MEK kinases results in sustained pathway inhibition and substantially delayed or eliminated resistance in cancer cells in a manner far superior to combinations with MEK inhibitors. These data suggest the generality of drug-mediated MEK kinase cleavage as a therapeutic strategy to prevent resistance to targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew W Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Kim HG, Kim MY, Cho JY. Alisma canaliculatum ethanol extract suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages, HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis, and DSS-triggered colitis by targeting Src/Syk and TAK1 activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 219:202-212. [PMID: 29574093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché, distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan, is a traditional medicine. In particular, the stem and root of Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché are prescribed to relieve various inflammatory symptoms resulting from nephritis, cystitis, urethritis, and dropsy. AIM OF STUDY However, the curative mechanism of Alisma canaliculatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché with respect to inflammatory symptoms is poorly understood. In this study, the curative roles of this plant in various inflammatory conditions as well as its inhibitory mechanism were aimed to examine using an ethanol extract (Ac-EE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory effects of Ac-EE were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages in vitro and HCl/EtOH-stimulated mouse model of gastritis and DSS-treated mouse model of colitis. To determine the potentially active anti-inflammatory components in this extracts, we employed HPLC. We also used kinase assays, reporter gene assay, immunoprecipitation analysis and target enzyme overexpressing cell analysis to analyze the molecular mechanisms and the target molecules. RESULTS This extract dose-dependently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, Ac-EE ameliorated inflammatory symptoms resulting from gastritis and colitis. Ac-EE down-regulated the mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Ac-EE also blocked the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)- 1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. By analyzing the target signaling molecules activating these transcription factors, we found that Src and Syk, as well as molecular association between TAK1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/7 (MKK4/7), were targeted by Ac-EE. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the Ac-EE NF-κB/AP-1-targeted anti-inflammatory potential is mediated by suppression of Src and Syk as well as the complex formation between TAK1 and its substrate proteins MKK4/7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongs il University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Schroyer AL, Stimes NW, Abi Saab WF, Chadee DN. MLK3 phosphorylation by ERK1/2 is required for oxidative stress-induced invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:1031-1040. [PMID: 29084209 PMCID: PMC5823719 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) functions in migration and/or invasion of several human cancers; however, the role of MLK3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion is unknown. MLK3 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAP3K) which activates MAPK pathways through either kinase-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Human colorectal tumors display increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress. ROS, such as H2O2, are important for carcinogenesis and activate MAPK signaling pathways. In human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells treated with H2O2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were activated and MLK3 exhibited reduced electrophoretic mobility (shift) in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which was eliminated by phosphatase treatment. Pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the ERK1/2 inhibitor UO126, or ERK1/2 siRNA knockdown blocked the H2O2-induced shift of MLK3, while MLK3 inhibition with Cep1347 did not. In co-immunoprecipitation experiments performed on H2O2-treated HCT116 cells, endogenous MLK3 associated with endogenous ERK1/2 and B-Raf. Active ERK1 phosphorylated kinase dead FLAG-MLK3 in vitro, whereas ERK1 phosphorylation of kinase dead FLAG-MLK3-S705A-S758A was reduced. Both MLK3 siRNA knockdown and FLAG-MLK3-S705A-S758A expression decreased ERK1/2 activation in H2O2-treated cells. Prolonged H2O2 treatment activated ERK1/2 and promoted invasion of colon cancer cells, which was attenuated by MLK3 siRNA knockdown. Furthermore, S705A-S758A-FLAG-MLK3 demonstrated decreased oxidative-stress induced colon cancer cell invasion, but increased interaction with GST-B-Raf as compared with wild-type-FLAG-MLK3 in H2O2-treated cells. These results suggest oxidative stress stimulates an ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of MLK3 on Ser705 and Ser758, which promotes MLK3-dependent B-Raf and ERK1/2 activation; this positive feedback loop enhances the invasion of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Schroyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Stimes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Widian F. Abi Saab
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Deborah N. Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
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