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Fukuda J, Kosuge S, Satoh Y, Sekiya S, Yamamura R, Ooshio T, Hirata T, Sato R, Hatanaka KC, Mitsuhashi T, Nakamura T, Matsuno Y, Hatanaka Y, Hirano S, Sonoshita M. Concurrent targeting of GSK3 and MEK as a therapeutic strategy to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1333-1345. [PMID: 38320747 PMCID: PMC11007052 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, drug discovery for PDAC treatment has proven complicated, leading to stagnant therapeutic outcomes. Here, we identify Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as a therapeutic target through a whole-body genetic screening utilizing a '4-hit' Drosophila model mimicking the PDAC genotype. Reducing the gene dosage of GSK3 in a whole-body manner or knocking down GSK3 specifically in transformed cells suppressed 4-hit fly lethality, similar to Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), the therapeutic target in PDAC we have recently reported. Consistently, a combination of the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 and the MEK inhibitor trametinib suppressed the phosphorylation of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as well as the growth of orthotopic human PDAC xenografts in mice. Additionally, reducing PLK1 genetically in 4-hit flies rescued their lethality. Our results reveal a therapeutic vulnerability in PDAC that offers a treatment opportunity for patients by inhibiting multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Fukuda
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Shinya Kosuge
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sho Sekiya
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Ryodai Yamamura
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takako Ooshio
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Taiga Hirata
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Reo Sato
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kanako C. Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced DiagnosticsHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical PathologyHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical PathologyHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced DiagnosticsHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
- Research Division of Genome Companion DiagnosticsHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masahiro Sonoshita
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Dinter L, Karitzky PC, Schulz A, Wurm AA, Mehnert MC, Sergon M, Tunger A, Lesche M, Wehner R, Müller A, Käubler T, Niessner H, Dahl A, Beissert S, Schmitz M, Meier F, Seliger B, Westphal D. BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations induce potent molecular and immunological effects in NRAS-mutant melanoma cells: Insights into mode of action and resistance mechanisms. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1057-1072. [PMID: 38078628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
About 25% of melanoma harbor activating NRAS mutations, which are associated with aggressive disease therefore requiring a rapid antitumor intervention. However, no efficient targeted therapy options are currently available for patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma. MEK inhibitors (MEKi) appear to display a moderate antitumor activity and also immunological effects in NRAS-mutant melanoma, providing an ideal backbone for combination treatments. In our study, the MEKi binimetinib, cobimetinib and trametinib combined with the BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) encorafenib, vemurafenib and dabrafenib were investigated for their ability to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and alter the expression of immune modulatory molecules in sensitive NRAS-mutant melanoma cells using two- and three-dimensional cell culture models as well as RNA sequencing analyses. Furthermore, NRAS-mutant melanoma cells resistant to the three BRAFi/MEKi combinations were established to characterize the mechanisms contributing to their resistance. All BRAFi induced a stress response in the sensitive NRAS-mutant melanoma cells thereby significantly enhancing the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of the MEKi analyzed. Furthermore, BRAFi/MEKi combinations upregulated immune relevant molecules, such as ICOS-L, components of antigen-presenting machinery and the "don't eat me signal" molecule CD47 in the melanoma cells. The BRAFi/MEKi-resistant, NRAS-mutant melanoma cells counteracted the molecular and immunological effects of BRAFi/MEKi by upregulating downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway molecules, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting immune escape mechanisms. Together, our study reveals potent molecular and immunological effects of BRAFi/MEKi in sensitive NRAS-mutant melanoma cells that may be exploited in new combinational treatment strategies for patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dinter
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula C Karitzky
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander A Wurm
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, NCT Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Mehnert
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mildred Sergon
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Müller
- Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Theresa Käubler
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, Oncology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Center Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Medical School "Theodor Fontane", Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dana Westphal
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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Kim DY, Swetter SM, Huhmann L, Dizon MP, Ferguson JM, Osborne TF, Spence AC, Ziad A, Fillmore N, Hartman RI. Real-world effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/ MEK inhibitors among veteran patients with cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:620-623. [PMID: 37924953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California; Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Linden Huhmann
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew P Dizon
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California
| | - Jacqueline M Ferguson
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California
| | - Thomas F Osborne
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Allyson C Spence
- Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Amina Ziad
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael Fillmore
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca I Hartman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Dermatology Section, VA Integrated Service Network 1 (VISN-1), Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
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Pan Y, Liu J, Wang D, Zhou P, Chen T, Tang Y, Ji C. DADS Inhibits the Proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 Cells by Inducing Autophagy via the MEK/ERK Signalling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:271-278. [PMID: 38214811 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is effective at suppressing tumour cell growth and proliferation. This study verified the morphology and growth activity of MDCC-MSB-1 cells by using an MTT assay to detect the effect of DADS on the proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells and a CCK8 assay to detect the effect of DADS on the viability and proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells. We found that the viability and proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells decreased with increasing DADS concentrations. MDC staining and Western blotting were used to analyse autophagy, the associated protein LC3 and the MEK/ERK pathway proteins MEK and ERK and to investigate changes in cellular autophagy based on cell morphology and molecular biology. With increasing concentrations of DADS, MDCC-MSB-1 cell autophagy increased in a gradient manner. Additionally, the conversion of the autophagy marker protein LC3-I increased with increasing drug concentrations, and the relative expression of LC3-II steadily increased, as did the expression of key protein components of the MEK/ERK signalling pathway, including P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2. These results suggest that DADS induces autophagy through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chunxiao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Rustgi N, Maria A, Toumbacaris N, Zhao H, Kargus K, Bryant M, Waksmundzki A, Aricescu I, Lefkowitz RA, Li BT, Chou J, Capanu M, de Stanchina E, Misale S, Shia J, Yaeger R. Combined RAF and MEK Inhibition to Treat Activated Non-V600 BRAF-Altered Advanced Cancers. Oncologist 2024; 29:15-24. [PMID: 37616543 PMCID: PMC10769795 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers with non-V600 BRAF-activating alterations have no matched therapy. Preclinical data suggest that these tumors depend on ERK signaling; however, clinical response to MEK/ERK inhibitors has overall been low. We hypothesized that a narrow therapeutic index, driven by ERK inhibition in healthy (wild-type) tissues, limits the efficacy of these inhibitors. As these mutants signal as activated dimers, we further hypothesized that RAF inhibitors given concurrently would improve the therapeutic index by opposing ERK inhibition in normal tissues and not activate ERK in the already activated tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, we evaluated the effect of RAF inhibition, alone and in combination with MEK/ERK inhibitors. We then undertook a phase I/II clinical trial of a higher dose of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib combined with the RAF inhibitor encorafenib in patients with advanced cancer with activating non-V600 BRAF alterations. RESULTS RAF inhibition led to modest inhibition of signaling and growth in activated non-V600 BRAF preclinical models and allowed higher dose of MEK/ERK inhibitors in vivo for more profound tumor regression. Fifteen patients received binimetinib 60 mg twice daily plus encorafenib 450 mg daily (6 gastrointestinal primaries, 6 genitourinary primaries, 3 melanoma, and 2 lung cancer; 7 BRAF mutations and 8 BRAF fusions). Treatment was well tolerated without dose-limiting toxicities. One patient had a confirmed partial response, 8 had stable disease, and 6 had radiographic or clinical progression as best response. On-treatment biopsies revealed incomplete ERK pathway inhibition. CONCLUSION Combined RAF and MEK inhibition does not sufficiently inhibit activated non-V600 BRAF-mutant tumors in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naryan Rustgi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Maria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Toumbacaris
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - HuiYong Zhao
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Kargus
- Department of Nursing, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilinca Aricescu
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Lefkowitz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bob T Li
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne Chou
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Misale
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Shan KS, Rehman TU, Ivanov S, Domingo G, Raez LE. Molecular Targeting of the BRAF Proto-Oncogene/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway across Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:624. [PMID: 38203795 PMCID: PMC10779188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for cellular proliferation, growth, and survival. Constitutive activation of this pathway by BRAF mutations can cause downstream activation of kinases, leading to uncontrolled cellular growth and carcinogenesis. Therefore, inhibition of BRAF and the downstream substrate MEK has been shown to be effective in controlling tumor growth and proliferation. Over the last decade, several BRAF and MEK inhibitors have been investigated, ranging from primarily melanoma to various cancer types with BRAF alterations. This subsequently led to several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for BRAF/MEK inhibitors for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, histiocytosis neoplasms, and finally, tumor-agnostic indications. Here, this comprehensive review will cover the developments of BRAF and MEK inhibitors from melanomas to tumor-agnostic indications, novel drugs, challenges, future directions, and the importance of those drugs in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine S. Shan
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Tauseef U. Rehman
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Stan Ivanov
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Gelenis Domingo
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Luis E. Raez
- Memorial Health Care, Thoracic Oncology Program, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA;
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Eroglu Z, Chen YA, Smalley I, Li J, Markowitz JK, Brohl AS, Tetteh L, Taylor H, Sondak VK, Khushalani NI, Smalley KSM. Combined BRAF, MEK, and heat-shock protein 90 inhibition in advanced BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. Cancer 2024; 130:232-243. [PMID: 37776537 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600-mutant melanoma is common. Multiple resistance mechanisms involve heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) clients, and a phase 1 study of vemurafenib with the HSP90 inhibitor XL888 in patients with advanced melanoma showed activity equivalent to that of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. METHODS Vemurafenib (960 mg orally twice daily) and cobimetinib (60 mg orally once daily for 21 of 28 days) with escalating dose cohorts of XL888 (30, 45, 60, or 90 mg orally twice weekly) was investigated in a phase 1 trial of advanced melanoma, with a modified Ji dose-escalation design. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled. After two dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) (rash and acute kidney injury) in the first cohort, lower doses of vemurafenib (720 mg) and cobimetinib (40 mg) were investigated with the same XL888 doses. Three DLTs (rash) were observed in 12 patients in the XL888 60-mg cohort, and this was determined as the maximum tolerated dose. Objective responses were observed in 19 patients (76%), and the median progression-free survival was 7.6 months, with a 5-year progression-free survival rate of 20%. The median overall survival was 41.7 months, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 37%. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on baseline and on-treatment biopsies; treatment was associated with increased immune cell influx (CD4-positive and CD8-positive T cells) and decreased melanoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib plus XL888 had significant toxicity, requiring frequent dose reductions, which may have contributed to the relatively low progression-free survival despite a high tumor response rate. Given overlapping toxicities, caution must be used when combining HSP90 inhibitors with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Eroglu
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Inna Smalley
- Department of Cancer Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph K Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew S Brohl
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Leticia Tetteh
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hayley Taylor
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nikhil I Khushalani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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8
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Strobel TD, Weber M, Heber N, Holzer A, Hoppe-Seyler K, Hoppe-Seyler F. Revisiting the role of endogenous STAT3 in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29230. [PMID: 38009614 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel treatment options for human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers are urgently required. The oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is considered to be constitutively active in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells and essential for their proliferation. Moreover, STAT3 was reported to undergo mutually stimulatory interactions with the HPV E6/E7 oncogenes. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 in HPV-positive cancer cells is under discussion to provide a powerful novel therapeutic strategy. We here show that the antifungal drug ciclopirox destabilizes the STAT3 protein by acting as an iron chelator. However, by exploring the functional consequences of STAT3 inhibition in HPV-positive cancer cells, we obtained several unexpected results. Chemical STAT3 inhibitors heterogeneously affect cervical cancer cell proliferation and those which act antiproliferative also block the growth of STAT3 knockout cells, indicating induction of off-target effects. In contrast to several chemical inhibitors, genetic inhibition of STAT3 expression by either RNA interference or the CRISPR/Cas9 method does not appreciably affect cervical cancer cell proliferation. Transcriptome analyses indicate that blocking STAT3 expression in HPV-positive cancer cells has very limited effects on putative STAT3 target genes. Although the targeted inhibition of specific growth-promoting signaling pathways leads to a feedback activation of STAT3 in cervical cancer cells via Janus kinase 1/2, this does not lead to treatment resistance. Moreover, we did not obtain experimental evidence for a STAT3-linked activation of HPV E6/E7 oncogene expression or, vice versa, an E6/E7-dependent activation of STAT3, at endogenous conditions in cervical cancer cells. Collectively, these findings question the essential role of STAT3 in cervical cancer cell proliferation and the strategy to inhibit STAT3 in these cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D Strobel
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Weber
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Heber
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Holzer
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Reissig TM, Ladigan‐Badura S, Steinberg A, Maghnouj A, Li T, Verdoodt B, Liffers ST, Pohl M, Wolters H, Teschendorf C, Viebahn R, Admard J, Casadei N, Tannapfel A, Schmiegel W, Hahn SA, Vangala DB. Lasting response by vertical inhibition with cetuximab and trametinib in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2396-2414. [PMID: 37604687 PMCID: PMC10620118 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although approximately half of all metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) harbour mutations in KRAS or NRAS, hardly any progress has been made regarding targeted treatment for this group over the last few years. Here, we investigated the efficacy of vertical inhibition of the RAS-pathway by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumours with primary KRAS mutation. In total, 19 different PDX models comprising 127 tumours were tested. Responses were evaluated according to baseline tumour volume changes and graded as partial response (PR; ≤ - 30%), stable disease (SD; between -30% and +20%) or progressive disease (PD; ≥ + 20%). Vertical inhibition with trametinib and cetuximab induced SD or PR in 74% of analysed models, compared to 24% by monotherapy with trametinib. In cases of PR by vertical inhibition (47%), responses were lasting (as long as day 137), with a low incidence of secondary resistance (SR). Molecular analyses revealed that primary and SR was driven by transcriptional reprogramming activating the RAS pathway in a substantial fraction of tumours. Together, these preclinical data strongly support the translation of this combination therapy into clinical trials for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm M. Reissig
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital EssenGermany
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen, University Duisburg‐EssenGermany
| | - Swetlana Ladigan‐Badura
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
- Center for Hemato‐Oncological DiseasesUniversity Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Anja Steinberg
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
| | | | - Sven T. Liffers
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital Essen, University Duisburg‐EssenGermany
- Institute of PathologyRuhr University BochumGermany
| | - Michael Pohl
- Center for Hemato‐Oncological DiseasesUniversity Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Heiner Wolters
- Department of Visceral and General SurgerySt. Josef HospitalDortmundGermany
| | | | - Richard Viebahn
- Department of Visceral and General SurgeryUniversity Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenGermany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenGermany
| | | | - Wolff Schmiegel
- Center for Hemato‐Oncological DiseasesUniversity Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Stephan A. Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
| | - Deepak B. Vangala
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Faculty of MedicineRuhr‐University BochumGermany
- Center for Hemato‐Oncological DiseasesUniversity Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr‐University BochumGermany
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10
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Ram T, Singh AK, Pathak P, Kumar A, Singh H, Grishina M, Novak J, Kumar P. Design, one-pot synthesis, computational and biological evaluation of diaryl benzimidazole derivatives as MEK inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37807916 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2265486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
MEK mutations are more common in various human malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer (70-90%), mock melanoma (50%), liver cancer (20-40%), colorectal cancer (25-35%), melanoma (15-20%), non-small cell lung cancer (10-20%) and basal breast cancer (1-5%). Considering the significance of MEK mutations in diverse cancer types, the rational design of the proposed compounds relies on the structural resemblance to FDA-approved MEK inhibitors like selumetinib and binimetinib. The compound under design features distinct substitutions at the benzimidazole moiety, specifically at positions 2 and 3, akin to the FDA-approved drugs, albeit differing in positions 5 and 6. Subsequent structural refinement was guided by key elements including the DFG motif, hydrophobic pocket and catalytic loop of the MEK protein. A set of 15 diverse diaryl benzimidazole derivatives (S1-S15) were synthesized via a one-pot approach and characterized through spectroscopic techniques, including MASS, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In vitro anticancer activities of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated against four cancer cell lines, A375, HT -29, A431 and HFF, along with the standard drug trametinib. Molecular docking was performed for all synthesized compounds (S1-15), followed by 950 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies for the promising compounds S1, S5 and S15. The stability of these complexes was assessed by calculating the root-mean-square deviation, solvent accessible surface area and gyration radius relative to their parent structures. Additionally, free energy of binding calculations were performed. Based on the biological and computational results, S15 was the most potent compound and S1 and S5 are comparable to the standard drug trametinib.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Ram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM School of Pharmacy at "Hyderabad Campus," GITAM (Deemed to be University), India
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM School of Pharmacy at "Hyderabad Campus," GITAM (Deemed to be University), India
| | - Jurica Novak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, India
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11
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Chen W, Park JI. Tumor Cell Resistance to the Inhibition of BRAF and MEK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14837. [PMID: 37834284 PMCID: PMC10573597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, with an overall frequency of about 50%. Targeting BRAF and its effector mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) is now a key therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant tumors, and therapies based on dual BRAF/MEK inhibition showed significant efficacy in a broad spectrum of BRAF tumors. Nonetheless, BRAF/MEK inhibition therapy is not always effective for BRAF tumor suppression, and significant challenges remain to improve its clinical outcomes. First, certain BRAF tumors have an intrinsic ability to rapidly adapt to the presence of BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors by bypassing drug effects via rewired signaling, metabolic, and regulatory networks. Second, almost all tumors initially responsive to BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors eventually acquire therapy resistance via an additional genetic or epigenetic alteration(s). Overcoming these challenges requires identifying the molecular mechanism underlying tumor cell resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors and analyzing their specificity in different BRAF tumors. This review aims to update this information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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12
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Philip AM, Anesi SD, Foster CS, Chang P. Ocular Inflammatory Complications of Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1669-1673. [PMID: 35914291 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2098147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize various ocular inflammatory complications arising from metastatic cutaneous melanoma therapies and their management. METHODS Retrospective case series of patients who were referred to a tertiary uveitis practice for ophthalmic exam All patients received targeted metastatic cutaneous melanoma treatment, including BRAF/MEK inhibitors and various immunotherapies. RESULTS 109 patients were identified, with 43 (39.4%) having 65 definitive instances of OIAE. Sixteen different OIAE were identified. Ipilimumab monotherapy and ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy were most commonly associated. Anterior uveitis was the most common OIAE (18/65, 27.7%). Thirty patients (69.8%) were managed with observation or topical steroid therapy. Only 4 patients required further therapies for OIAE, with one patient not attaining resolution. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE While a broad range of OIAE was identified, most were not vision-threatening and did not require discontinuation of the associated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Philip
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen D Anesi
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Stephen Foster
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Chang
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Afifi MM, Crncec A, Cornwell JA, Cataisson C, Paul D, Ghorab LM, Hernandez MO, Wong M, Kedei N, Cappell SD. Irreversible cell cycle exit associated with senescence is mediated by constitutive MYC degradation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113079. [PMID: 37656618 PMCID: PMC10591853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells can irreversibly exit the cell cycle and become senescent to safeguard against uncontrolled proliferation. While the p53-p21 and p16-Rb pathways are thought to mediate senescence, they also mediate reversible cell cycle arrest (quiescence), raising the question of whether senescence is actually reversible or whether alternative mechanisms underly the irreversibility associated with senescence. Here, we show that senescence is irreversible and that commitment to and maintenance of senescence are mediated by irreversible MYC degradation. Senescent cells start dividing when a non-degradable MYC mutant is expressed, and quiescent cells convert to senescence when MYC is knocked down. In early oral carcinogenesis, epithelial cells exhibit MYC loss and become senescent as a safeguard against malignant transformation. Later stages of oral premalignant lesions exhibit elevated MYC levels and cellular dysplasia. Thus, irreversible cell cycle exit associated with senescence is mediated by constitutive MYC degradation, but bypassing this degradation may allow tumor cells to escape during cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Afifi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrijana Crncec
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James A Cornwell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laila M Ghorab
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria O Hernandez
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madeline Wong
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Voigt E, Quelle DE. FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6: New Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13596. [PMID: 37686402 PMCID: PMC10487994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are deadly sarcomas, which desperately need effective therapies. Half of all MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a common inherited disease. NF1 patients can develop benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), often in adolescence, and over time, some PNFs, but not all, will transform into MPNSTs. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations driving PNF-MPNST transformation will guide development of more targeted and effective treatments for these patients. This review focuses on an oncogenic transcription factor, FOXM1, which is a powerful oncogene in other cancers but little studied in MPNSTs. Elevated expression of FOXM1 was seen in patient MPNSTs and correlated with poor survival, but otherwise, its role in the disease is unknown. We discuss what is known about FOXM1 in MPNSTs relative to other cancers and how FOXM1 may be regulated by and/or regulate the most commonly altered players in MPNSTs, particularly in the MEK and CDK4/6 kinase pathways. We conclude by considering FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6 as new, clinically relevant targets for MPNST therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Voigt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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15
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Grisham RN, Manning-Geist BL, Chui MH. The highs and lows of serous ovarian cancer. Cancer 2023; 129:2613-2620. [PMID: 37366225 PMCID: PMC10572736 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer was initially described as a distinct type of rare epithelial ovarian cancer 20 years ago; however, only recently have physicians begun to leverage the understanding of the clinical behavior and molecular profile of this disease for treatment. The use of routine next-generation sequencing has allowed a deeper understanding of the molecular drivers of this disease and shown how molecular alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes such as KRAS and BRAF can affect overall prognosis and disease behavior. The use of targeted therapies, including MEK inhibitors, BRAF kinase inhibitors, and other investigational targeted therapies are changing the way this disease is viewed and treated. In addition, endocrine therapy can provide prolonged disease stability with generally mild toxicity, as well as promising response rates in recent studies examining combination therapy with CDK 4/6 inhibitors in the upfront and recurrent setting. Once seen merely as a chemo-resistant form of ovarian cancer, recent studies have worked to harness the unique features of low-grade serous ovarian cancer to provide individualized treatment options for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Grisham
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beryl L Manning-Geist
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Herman Chui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Halloush S, Alkhatib NS, Almutairi AR, Calamia M, Halawah H, Obeng-Kusi M, Hoyle M, Rashdan O, Koeller J, Abraham I. Economic Evaluation of Three BRAF + MEK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Advanced Unresectable Melanoma With BRAF Mutation From a US Payer Perspective. Ann Pharmacother 2023; 57:1016-1024. [PMID: 36639851 DOI: 10.1177/10600280221146878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combinations of BRAF + MEK inhibitors-encorafenib (ENC) + binimetinib (BIN), cobimetinib (COB) + vemurafenib (VEM), and dabrafenib (DAB) + trametinib (TRA)-are recommended for the treatment of BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of ENC + BIN versus COB + VEM versus DAB + TRA from a US payer perspective. METHODS A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort over a time horizon of 10 years. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) curves were independently digitized from a randomized controlled trial for ENC + BIN and fitted using R software. Published and indirectly estimated hazard ratios were used to fit OS and PFS curves for COB + VEM and DAB + TRA. Costs, life-year gains, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with the 3 treatment combinations were estimated. A base case analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted to estimate the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR). A discount rate of 3.5% was applied on cost and outcomes. RESULTS The ENC + BIN versus COB + VEM comparison was associated with an ICUR of $656 233 per QALY gained. The ENC + BIN versus DAB + TRA comparison was associated with an ICUR of $3 135 269 per QALY gained. The DAB + TRA combination dominated COB + VEM. The base case analysis estimates were confirmed by the PSA estimates. ENC + BIN was the most cost-effective combination at a high willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $573 000 per QALY and $1.5 million/QALY when compared to COB + VEM and DAB + TRA, respectively. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Given current prices and acceptable WTP thresholds, our study suggests that DAB + TRA is the optimum treatment. In this study, ENC + BIN was cost-effective only at a very high WTP per QALY threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Halloush
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nimer S Alkhatib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Pi Pharma Intelligence, Amman, Jordan
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Mathias Calamia
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hala Halawah
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mavis Obeng-Kusi
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Martin Hoyle
- Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Omar Rashdan
- College of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jim Koeller
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Pharmacotherapy Education & Research Center, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ivo Abraham
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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17
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Soós AÁ, Kelemen A, Orosz A, Szvicsek Z, Tölgyes T, Dede K, Bursics A, Wiener Z. High CD142 Level Marks Tumor-Promoting Fibroblasts with Targeting Potential in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11585. [PMID: 37511344 PMCID: PMC10381019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The accumulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) induces an aggressive, stem-like phenotype in tumor cells, and it indicates a poor prognosis. However, cellular heterogeneity among CAFs and the targeting of both stromal and CRC cells are not yet well resolved. Here, we identified CD142high fibroblasts with a higher stimulating effect on CRC cell proliferation via secreting more hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) compared to CD142low CAFs. We also found that combinations of inhibitors that had either a promising effect in other cancer types or are more active in CRC compared to normal colonic epithelium acted synergistically in CRC cells. Importantly, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor selected against CD142high fibroblasts, and both CRC cells and CAFs were sensitive to a BCL-xL inhibitor. However, targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) was ineffective in fibroblasts, and an epigenetic inhibitor selected for a tumor cell population with markers of aggressive behavior. Thus, we suggest BCL-xL and HSP90 inhibitors to eliminate cancer cells and decrease the tumor-promoting CD142high CAF population. This may be the basis of a strategy to target both CRC cells and stromal fibroblasts, resulting in the inhibition of tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Áron Soós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Andrea Kelemen
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Adrián Orosz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Szvicsek
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamás Tölgyes
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Attila Bursics
- Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary; (T.T.); (K.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (A.Á.S.); (A.K.); (A.O.); (Z.S.)
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Mahato R, Kumar V, Sethi B, Staller D. Gemcitabine elaidate and ONC201 combination therapy inhibits pancreatic cancer in a KRAS mutated syngeneic mouse model. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3108907. [PMID: 37503215 PMCID: PMC10371096 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108907/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of pancreatic cancer (PC) contain KRAS mutations. Mutated KRAS activates the downstream oncogenic PI3K/AKT and MEK signaling pathways and induces drug resistance. However, targeting both pathways with different drugs can also lead to access of toxicity. ONC201 targets DR5 to induce apoptosis in several types of cancers and has an excellent safety profile. ONC201 is also a dual PI3K/AKT and MEK pathways inhibitor. Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line chemotherapy in PC, but it is metabolically unstable, which can be stabilized by prodrug approach. Here, we used lipid-gemcitabine (L_GEM) conjugate, which is more stable and enters the cells by passive diffusion. We evaluated the efficacy of L_GEM and ONC201 in PanCan cells, and "KrasLSL-G12D; p53LoxP; Pdx1-CreER (KPC) triple mutant xenograft tumor-bearing mice. ONC201, in combination with L_GEM, showed a superior inhibitory effect on the growth of MIA PaCa-2 cells. ONC201 and L_GEM combination prevented neoplastic proliferation via AKT/ERK blockade, to overcome chemoresistance, and increased T-cell tumor surveillance. Simultaneous inhibition of the PI3K/AKT and MEK pathways with ONC201 is an attractive approach to potentiate GEM. Our findings provide insight into rational-directed precision chemo and immunotherapy therapy in PDAC.
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Yue W, Deng X, Wang Z, Jiang M, Hu R, Duan Y, Wang Q, Cui J, Fang Y. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway suppresses immune overactivation and mitigates TDP-43 toxicity in a Drosophila model of ALS. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37340309 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 is an important DNA/RNA-binding protein that is associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, its pathomechanism is not fully understood. In a transgenic RNAi screen using Drosophila as a model, we uncovered that knockdown (KD) of Dsor1 (the Drosophila MAPK kinase dMEK) suppressed TDP-43 toxicity without altering TDP-43 phosphorylation or protein levels. Further investigation revealed that the Dsor1 downstream gene rl (dERK) was abnormally upregulated in TDP-43 flies, and neuronal overexpression of dERK induced profound upregulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We also detected a robust immune overactivation in TDP-43 flies, which could be suppressed by downregulation of the MEK/ERK pathway in TDP-43 fly neurons. Furthermore, neuronal KD of abnormally increased AMPs improved the motor function of TDP-43 flies. On the other hand, neuronal KD of Dnr1, a negative regulator of the Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, activated the innate immunity and boosted AMP expression independent of the regulation by the MEK/ERK pathway, which diminished the mitigating effect of RNAi-dMEK on TDP-43 toxicity. Finally, we showed that an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor trametinib markedly suppressed immune overactivation, alleviated motor deficits and prolonged the lifespan of TDP-43 flies, but did not exhibit a lifespan-extending effect in Alzheimer disease (AD) or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) fly models. Together, our findings suggest an important role of abnormal elevation of the MEK/ERK signaling and innate immunity in TDP-43 pathogenesis and propose trametinib as a potential therapeutic agent for ALS and other TDP-43-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yue
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Mingsheng Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rirong Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjia Duan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jihong Cui
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanshan Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Bauer S, Larkin J, Hodi FS, Stephen F, Kapiteijn EHW, Schwartz GK, Calvo E, Yerramilli-Rao P, Piperno-Neumann S, Carvajal RD. A phase Ib trial of combined PKC and MEK inhibition with sotrastaurin and binimetinib in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:975642. [PMID: 37359242 PMCID: PMC10288853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma is a disease characterized by constitutive activation of the G alpha pathway and downstream signaling of protein kinase C (PKC) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. While limited clinical activity has been observed in patients with metastatic disease with inhibition of PKC or MEK alone, preclinical data has demonstrated synergistic antitumor effects with concurrent inhibition of PKC and MEK. Method We conducted a phase Ib study of the PKC inhibitor sotrastaurin in combination with the MEK inhibitor binimetinib in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma using a Bayesian logistic regression model guided by the escalation with overdose control principle (NCT01801358). Serial blood samples and paired tumor samples were collected for pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic analysis. Results Thirty-eight patients were treated across six dose levels. Eleven patients experienced DLTs across the five highest dose levels tested, most commonly including vomiting (n=3), diarrhea (n=3), nausea (n=2), fatigue (n=2) and rash (n=2). Common treatment related adverse events included diarrhea (94.7%), nausea (78.9%), vomiting (71.1%), fatigue (52.6%), rash (39.5%), and elevated blood creating phosphokinase (36.8%). Two dose combinations satisfying criteria for the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) were identified: (1) sotrastaurin 300 mg and binimetinib 30 mg; and, (2) sotrastaurin 200 mg and binimetinib 45 mg. Exposure to both drugs in combination was consistent with single-agent data for either drug, indicating no PK interaction between sotrastaurin and binimetinib. Stable disease was observed in 60.5% of patients treated. No patient achieved a radiographic response per RECIST v1.1. Conclusions Concurrent administration of sotrastaurin and binimetinib is feasible but associated with substantial gastrointestinal toxicity. Given the limited clinical activity achieved with this regimen, accrual to the phase II portion of the trial was not initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Melanoma Center and Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MD, United States
| | - Frank Stephen
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, The Sharett Institute of Oncology, Jerusalem, Israel
- Jacob Schachter, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University Medical School, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ellen H. W. Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Schwartz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emilano Calvo
- Early Phase Clinical Drug Development in Oncology, START Madrid-CIOCC, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Padmaja Yerramilli-Rao
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Richard D. Carvajal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Ohmoto M, Takemoto M, Daikoku T. Butein inhibits corticosterone-induced apoptosis of Neuro2A cells by maintaining MEK-ERK signaling. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:447-452. [PMID: 37252631 PMCID: PMC10212788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced overactivation of glucocorticoid signaling may contribute to mental illness by inducing neuronal death and dysfunction. We previously reported that pretreatment with the plant flavonoid butein inhibits corticosterone (CORT)-induced apoptosis of Neuro2A (N2A) cells. In the current study, we examined whether MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways are involved in neuroprotection by butein. N2A cells were pre-incubated with serum-free DMEM containing 0.5 μM butein for 30 min, and then incubated with serum-free DMEM containing 0.5 µM butein, 50 µM CORT, 50 µM LY294002, or 50 µM PD98059 as indicated for 24 h. We subsequently performed the MTT assay and the western blot analysis. As expected, CORT considerably reduced N2A cell viability and increased relative expression of the apoptosis effector cleaved caspase-3, whereas pretreatment with butein blocked these cytotoxic effects. Treatment with CORT alone also decreased both AKT and ERK protein phosphorylation. Butein pretreatment had no effect on AKT phosphorylation, and only partially reversed the reduction in phosphorylated ERK. However, cotreatment with butein and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 during CORT exposure enhanced ERK phosphorylation, whereas cotreatment with butein and the ERK phosphorylation/activation inhibitor PD98059 enhanced AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that MEK-ERK negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, the protective efficacy of butein was blocked by PD98059 cotreatment but not LY294002 cotreatment. These findings suggest that butein protects neurons against glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis by sustaining ERK phosphorylation and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ohmoto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Japan
| | - Masaya Takemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Japan
| | - Tohru Daikoku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Japan
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22
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Liu R, Jiang C, Zhao Z, Lv Y, Wang G. Rosavin exerts an antitumor role and inactivates the MAPK/ERK pathway in small-cell lung carcinoma in vitro. Acta Pharm 2023; 73:269-280. [PMID: 37307376 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to explore the function and mechanism of action of rosavin in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in vitro. The viability and clone formation of SCLC cells were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis, respectively. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the migration and invasion of SCLC cells. Besides, protein levels of p-ERK, ERK, p-MEK and MEK were determined using Western blot analysis. Rosavin repressed the viability and clone formation of SCLC cells, and promoted apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest of SCLC cells. At the same time, rosavin suppressed migration and invasion of SCLC cells. Moreover, protein levels of p-ERK/ERK and p-MEK/MEK were decreased after rosavin addition in SCLC cells. Rosavin impaired malignant behaviors of SCLC cells, which may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- 1Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (South Campus) Beijing 102618, China
| | - Cuihong Jiang
- 1Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (South Campus) Beijing 102618, China
| | - Zhizheng Zhao
- 1Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (South Campus) Beijing 102618, China
| | - Yutong Lv
- 1Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (South Campus) Beijing 102618, China
| | - Gaoxing Wang
- 1Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (South Campus) Beijing 102618, China
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23
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Li M, Lin C, Cai Z. Downregulation of the long noncoding RNA DSCR9 (Down syndrome critical region 9) delays breast cancer progression by modulating microRNA-504-5p-dependent G protein-coupled receptor 65. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00916-4. [PMID: 37248366 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Possible roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer stem cells (CSCs) have often been reported. Here, we focused on the regulatory function of the lncRNA Down syndrome critical region 9 (DSCR9) in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Through bioinformatics analysis, DSCR9, microRNA-504-5p (miR-504-5p), and G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) were identified as targets implicated in breast cancer development. Then, clinical tissue samples, breast cancer cells, and isolated BCSCs were used to determine the expression of DSCR9, miR-504-5p, and GPR65. The results confirmed the overexpression of DSCR9 and GPR65 but low expression of miR-504-5p in breast cancer tissues and cells as well as in BCSCs. Following mechanistic investigation, it was found that DSCR9 targeted miR-504-5p, and that silencing DSCR9 inhibited the proliferation of BCSCs by elevating the expression of miR-504-5p. Additionally, miR-504-5p targeted GPR65 and inhibited its expression. Moreover, GPR65 activated the MEK/ERK signaling pathway to regulate BCSC proliferation. Finally, animal study verified that depletion of DSCR9 inhibited the proliferation of BCSCs in vivo and that BCSC proliferation was restored by overexpression of GPR65. Altogether, our findings revealed that DSCR9 elevated GPR65 expression by targeting miR-504-5p to exacerbate breast cancer, highlighting a new treatment modality for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Conglin Lin
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhibing Cai
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
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24
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Datta I, Vassel T, Linkous B, Odum T, Drew C, Taylor A, Bangi E. A targeted genetic modifier screen in Drosophila uncovers vulnerabilities in a genetically complex model of colon cancer. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad053. [PMID: 36880303 PMCID: PMC10151408 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Received on 16 January 2023; accepted on 21 February 2023Kinases are key regulators of cellular signal transduction pathways. Many diseases, including cancer, are associated with global alterations in protein phosphorylation networks. As a result, kinases are frequent targets of drug discovery efforts. However, target identification and assessment, a critical step in targeted drug discovery that involves identifying essential genetic mediators of disease phenotypes, can be challenging in complex, heterogeneous diseases like cancer, where multiple concurrent genomic alterations are common. Drosophila is a particularly useful genetic model system to identify novel regulators of biological processes through unbiased genetic screens. Here, we report 2 classic genetic modifier screens focusing on the Drosophila kinome to identify kinase regulators in 2 different backgrounds: KRAS TP53 PTEN APC, a multigenic cancer model that targets 4 genes recurrently mutated in human colon tumors and KRAS alone, a simpler model that targets one of the most frequently altered pathways in cancer. These screens identified hits unique to each model and one shared by both, emphasizing the importance of capturing the genetic complexity of human tumor genome landscapes in experimental models. Our follow-up analysis of 2 hits from the KRAS-only screen suggests that classical genetic modifier screens in heterozygous mutant backgrounds that result in a modest, nonlethal reduction in candidate gene activity in the context of a whole animal-a key goal of systemic drug treatment-may be a particularly useful approach to identify the most rate-limiting genetic vulnerabilities in disease models as ideal candidate drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwaree Datta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Tajah Vassel
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Benjamin Linkous
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Tyler Odum
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Christian Drew
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Erdem Bangi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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25
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Rutkowski P, Rogala P. What impact will BRAF/ MEK-inhibitors have on the melanoma treatment armamentarium and are there challenges ahead? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1101-1103. [PMID: 37144819 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2211765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rogala
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Jiang C, McKay RM, Lee S, Romo C, Blakeley J, Haniffa M, Serra E, Steensma M, Largaespada D, Le LQ. Cutaneous Neurofibroma Heterogeneity: Factors that Influence Tumor Burden in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)01956-5. [PMID: 37318402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is one of the most common genetic disorders of the nervous system and predisposes patients to develop benign and malignant tumors. Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are NF1-associated benign tumors that affect nearly 100% of patients with NF1. cNFs dramatically reduce patients' QOL owing to their unaesthetic appearance, physical discomfort, and corresponding psychological burden. There is currently no effective drug therapy option, and treatment is restricted to surgical removal. One of the greatest hurdles for cNF management is the variability of clinical expressivity in NF1, resulting in intrapatient and interpatient cNF tumor burden heterogeneity, that is, the variability in the presentation and evolution of these tumors. There is growing evidence that a wide array of factors are involved in the regulation of cNF heterogeneity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity of cNF at the molecular, cellular, and environmental levels can facilitate the development of innovative and personalized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Renée M McKay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos Romo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaishri Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Center Dermatology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew Steensma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - David Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Clinic, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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27
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Wang C, Liu L, Cheng Y, Shi H. Combined GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors modulate the stemness and radiotherapy sensitivity of cervical cancer stem cells through the Wnt signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110515. [PMID: 37116855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the basis of cancer and lead to the recurrence and metastasis of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antineoplastic agents on the stemness and radiotherapy sensitivity of cervical CSCs. Side population (SP) and non-side population (NSP) cells from the SiHa cervical cancer cell line were separated using flow cytometry. The cell spheroidization, proliferation, and subcutaneous tumor formation abilities of SP cells were stronger than those of NSP cells, and cervical CSC marker expressions increased in SP cells. The proliferation, anti-apoptosis and migration of SP cells under ionizing radiation were higher than those of SiHa cells. GSK-3β and/or MEK inhibitors can increase the proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis of SP cells, and CSC marker expressions. The Wnt pathway inhibitor decreased CSC stemness maintenance by combination of GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors. Injection of GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors under ionizing radiation promoted tumor growth and activated downstream factor expressions in the Wnt signaling pathway in vivo. This study demonstrated that combining GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors can activate Wnt signaling pathway in cervical CSCs, thereby affecting their stemness maintenance and radiotherapy sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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28
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Manzari Tavakoli G, Mirzapour MH, Razi S, Rezaei N. Targeting ferroptosis as a cell death pathway in Melanoma: From molecular mechanisms to skin cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110215. [PMID: 37094541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of human skin cancer, has been under investigation to reach the most efficient treatment. Surgical resection for early-diagnosed primary melanoma, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced/metastatic melanoma is the best clinical approach. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent cell death pathway, which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis and necrosis, has been reported to be involved in several cancers. Ferroptosis inducers could provide therapeutic options in case of resistance to conventional therapies for advanced/metastatic melanoma. Recently developed ferroptosis inducers, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, miRNAs such as miR-137 and miR-9, and novel strategies for targeting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in melanoma can provide new opportunities for melanoma treatment. Combining ferroptosis inducers with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors increases patient response rates. Here we review the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its environmental triggers. We also discuss the pathogenesis and current treatments of melanoma. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and melanoma and ferroptosis implications to develop new therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sun K, Jin L, Karolová J, Vorwerk J, Hailfinger S, Opalka B, Zapukhlyak M, Lenz G, Khandanpour C. Combination Treatment Targeting mTOR and MAPK Pathways Has Synergistic Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082373. [PMID: 37190302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable, malignant B cell disorder characterized by frequent relapses and a poor prognosis. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are warranted. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a key role in many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and survival. Activated PI3K/AKT (protein kinases B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling has been identified in MM primary patient samples and cell lines. In this study, the efficacy of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors in various MM cell lines representing three different prognostic subtypes was tested. Whereas MM cell lines were rather resistant to PI3K inhibition, treatment with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus decreases the phosphorylation of key molecules in the PI3K pathway in MM cell lines, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and thus reduced proliferation. Strikingly, the efficacy of temsirolimus was amplified by combining the treatment with the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib. Our findings provide a scientific rationale for the simultaneous inhibition of mTOR and MEK as a novel strategy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Sun
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Karolová
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vorwerk
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Myroslav Zapukhlyak
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Balmanno K, Kidger AM, Byrne DP, Sale MJ, Nassman N, Eyers PA, Cook SJ. ERK1/2 inhibitors act as monovalent degraders inducing ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2, but not ERK1. Biochem J 2023; 480:587-605. [PMID: 37018014 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). Here we show that eight different ERKi (both catERKi or dmERKi) drive the turnover of ERK2, the most abundant ERK isoform, with little or no effect on ERK1. Thermal stability assays show that ERKi do not destabilise ERK2 (or ERK1) in vitro, suggesting that ERK2 turnover is a cellular consequence of ERKi binding. ERK2 turnover is not observed upon treatment with MEKi alone, suggesting it is ERKi binding to ERK2 that drives ERK2 turnover. However, MEKi pre-treatment, which blocks ERK2 pT-E-pY phosphorylation and dissociation from MEK1/2, prevents ERK2 turnover. ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. Our results suggest that ERKi, including current clinical candidates, act as 'kinase degraders', driving the proteasome-dependent turnover of their major target, ERK2. This may be relevant to the suggestion of kinase-independent effects of ERK1/2 and the therapeutic use of ERKi.
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31
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Peng L, Li Y, Yao S, Gaedcke J, Baart VM, Sier CFM, Neesse A, Ellenrieder V, Bohnenberger H, Fuchs F, Kitz J, Ströbel P, Küffer S. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) Cooperates with Mutated KRAS in Regulating Cellular Plasticity and Gemcitabine Response in Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36900379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers. Given the currently limited therapeutic options, the definition of molecular subgroups with the development of tailored therapies remains the most promising strategy. Patients with high-level gene amplification of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR/PLAUR) have an inferior prognosis. We analyzed the uPAR function in PDAC to understand this understudied PDAC subgroup's biology better. METHODS A total of 67 PDAC samples with clinical follow-up and TCGA gene expression data from 316 patients were used for prognostic correlations. Gene silencing by CRISPR/Cas9, as well as transfection of uPAR and mutated KRAS, were used in PDAC cell lines (AsPC-1, PANC-1, BxPC3) treated with gemcitabine to study the impact of these two molecules on cellular function and chemoresponse. HNF1A and KRT81 were surrogate markers for the exocrine-like and quasi-mesenchymal subgroup of PDAC, respectively. RESULTS High levels of uPAR were correlated with significantly shorter survival in PDAC, especially in the subgroup of HNF1A-positive exocrine-like tumors. uPAR knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in activation of FAK, CDC42, and p38, upregulation of epithelial makers, decreased cell growth and motility, and resistance against gemcitabine that could be reversed by re-expression of uPAR. Silencing of KRAS in AsPC1 using siRNAs reduced uPAR levels significantly, and transfection of mutated KRAS in BxPC-3 cells rendered the cell more mesenchymal and increased sensitivity towards gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Activation of uPAR is a potent negative prognostic factor in PDAC. uPAR and KRAS cooperate in switching the tumor from a dormant epithelial to an active mesenchymal state, which likely explains the poor prognosis of PDAC with high uPAR. At the same time, the active mesenchymal state is more vulnerable to gemcitabine. Strategies targeting either KRAS or uPAR should consider this potential tumor-escape mechanism.
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32
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Alva E, Rubens J, Chi S, Rosenberg T, Reddy A, Raabe EH, Margol A. Recent progress and novel approaches to treating atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Neoplasia 2023; 37:100880. [PMID: 36773516 PMCID: PMC9929860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors that occur mostly in young children and have historically carried a very poor prognosis. While recent clinical trial results show that this tumor is curable, outcomes are still poor compared to other central nervous system embryonal tumors. We here review prior AT/RT clinical trials and highlight promising pre-clinical results that may inform novel clinical approaches to this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Alva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rubens
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan Chi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom Rosenberg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Reddy
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ashley Margol
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Liu X, Hu Y, Xue Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu G, Wen M, Chen A, Huang B, Li X, Yang N, Wang J. Valtrate, an iridoid compound in Valeriana, elicits anti-glioblastoma activity through inhibition of the PDGFRA/ MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 36829235 PMCID: PMC9960449 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valtrate, a natural compound isolated from the root of Valeriana, exhibits antitumor activity in many cancers through different mechanisms. However, its efficacy for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), a tumor type with a poor prognosis, has not yet been rigorously investigated. METHODS GBM cell lines were treated with valtrate and CCK-8, colony formation and EdU assays, flow cytometry, and transwell, 3D tumor spheroid invasion and GBM-brain organoid co-culture invasion assays were performed to assess properties of proliferation, viability, apoptosis and invasion/migration. RNA sequencing analysis on valtrate-treated cells was performed to identify putative target genes underlying the antitumor activity of the drug in GBM cells. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate protein levels in valtrate-treated cell lines and in samples obtained from orthotopic xenografts. A specific activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was used to identify the pathways mediating the effect. RESULTS Valtrate significantly inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in vitro by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressed invasion and migration of GBM cells by inhibiting levels of proteins associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA sequencing analysis of valtrate-treated GBM cells revealed platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) as a potential target downregulated by the drug. Analysis of PDGFRA protein and downstream mediators demonstrated that valtrate inhibited PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling. Finally, treatment of tumor-bearing nude mice with valtrate led to decreased tumor volume (fivefold difference at day 28) and enhanced survival (day 27 vs day 36, control vs valtrate-treated) relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrated that the natural product valtrate elicits antitumor activity in GBM cells through targeting PDGFRA and thus provides a candidate therapeutic compound for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Yaotian Hu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Guowei Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Muzi Wen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Foushan, 528000 China
| | - Anjing Chen
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Bin Huang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xingang Li
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
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Gouda M, Subbiah V. Precision oncology for BRAF-mutant cancers with BRAF and MEK inhibitors: from melanoma to tissue-agnostic therapy. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100788. [PMID: 36842301 PMCID: PMC9984800 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF activation occurs as part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cellular signaling pathway which leads to increased cellular proliferation and survival. Mutations in BRAF can result in unbridled activation of downstream kinases with subsequent uncontrolled cellular growth that formulate the basis for oncogenesis in multiple tumor types. Targeting BRAF by selective inhibitors has been one of the early successes in precision oncology. Agents have been explored either as monotherapy or in combination with MEK inhibition in BRAF V600-mutant pan-cancers and with EGFR inhibition in colorectal cancer. Spectrum of BRAF inhibition has evolved from being melanoma-specific to being a pan-cancer target. In this article, we review BRAF and MEK inhibitor drug development journey from tissue-specific melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and anaplastic thyroid cancer to tissue-agnostic approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Gouda
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA,Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Al-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - V. Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA,Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,MD Anderson Cancer Network, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA,Correspondence to: Prof. Vivek Subbiah, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Unit 455, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel: +1-713-563-1930 @VivekSubbiah
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Moriizumi H, Kubota Y, Tsuchiya T, Naka R, Takekawa M. Caspase 3-specific cleavage of MEK1 suppresses ERK signaling and sensitizes cells to stress-induced apoptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:684-700. [PMID: 36776127 PMCID: PMC10068311 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of apoptotic cell death is crucial for normal development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms and is achieved by the balance between pro-apoptotic processes, such as caspase activation, and pro-survival signaling, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. However, the functional interplay between these opposing signaling pathways remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) 1, a central component of the ERK pathway, as a specific substrate for the executioner caspase-3. During apoptosis, MEK1 is cleaved at an evolutionarily conserved Asp282 residue in the kinase domain, thereby losing its catalytic activity. Gene knockout experiments showed that MEK1 cleavage was mediated by caspase-3, but not by the other executioner caspases, caspase-6 or -7. Following exposure of cells to osmotic stress, elevated ERK activity gradually decreased, and this was accompanied by increased cleavage of MEK1. In contrast, the expression of a caspase-uncleavable MEK1(D282N) mutant in cells maintained stress-induced ERK activity and thereby attenuated apoptotic cell death. Thus, caspase-3-mediated, proteolytic inhibition of MEK1 sensitizes cells to apoptosis by suppressing pro-survival ERK signaling. Furthermore, we found that a RASopathy-associated MEK1(Y130C) mutation prevented this caspase-3-mediated proteolytic inactivation of MEK1 and efficiently protected cells from stress-induced apoptosis. Our data reveal the functional crosstalk between ERK-mediated cell survival and caspase-mediated cell death pathways and suggest that its dysregulation by a disease-associated MEK1 mutation is at least partly involved in the pathophysiology of congenital RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Moriizumi
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubota
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Naka
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Takekawa
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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Gurbi B, Brauswetter D, Pénzes K, Varga A, Krenács T, Dános K, Birtalan E, Tamás L, Csala M. MEK Is a Potential Indirect Target in Subtypes of Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032782. [PMID: 36769112 PMCID: PMC9917750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is partly due to the lack of reliable prognostic and predictive markers. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is often activated by overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and stimulates the progression of HNSCCs. Our research was performed on three human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC-cell lines: Detroit 562, FaDu and SCC25. Changes in cell viability upon EGFR and/or MEK inhibitors were measured by the MTT method. The protein-expression and phosphorylation profiles of the EGFR-initiated signaling pathways were assessed using Western-blot analysis. The EGFR expression and pY1068-EGFR levels were also studied in the patient-derived HNSCC samples. We found significant differences between the sensitivity of the tumor-cell lines used. The SCC25 line was found to be the most sensitive to the MEK inhibitors, possibly due to the lack of feedback Akt activation through EGFR. By contrast, this feedback activation had an important role in the FaDu cells. The observed insensitivity of the Detroit 562 cells to the MEK inhibitors might have been caused by their PIK3CA mutation. Among HNSCC cell lines, EGFR-initiated signaling pathways are particularly versatile. An ERK/EGFR feedback loop can lead to Akt-pathway activation upon MEK inhibition, and it is related not only to increased amounts of EGFR but also to the elevation of pY1068-EGFR levels. The presence of this mechanism may justify the combined application of EGFR and MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Gurbi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Brauswetter
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Varga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Dános
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ede Birtalan
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tamás
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Voice, Speech and Swallowing Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.C.)
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Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is the second most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma and accounts for 2% of cancer-related deaths. BTCs are classified according to their anatomical origin into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar, or distal cholangiocarcinoma, as well as gall bladder carcinoma. While the mutational profiles in these anatomical BTC subtypes overlap to a large extent, iCCA is notable for the high frequency of IDH1/2 mutations (10-22%) and the nearly exclusive occurrence of FGFR2 fusions in 10-15% of patients. In recent years, FGFR2 fusions have become one of the most promising targets for precision oncology targeting BTC, with FGFR inhibitors already approved in Europe and the United States for patients with advanced, pretreated iCCA. While the therapeutic potential of nonfusion alterations is still under debate, it is expected that the field of FGFR2-directed therapies will be subject to rapid further evolution and optimization. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of oncogenic FGFR signaling in iCCA cells and highlight the pathophysiology, diagnostic testing strategies, and therapeutic promises and challenges associated with FGFR2-altered iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; .,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; .,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Naik RR, Shakya AK. Exploring the chemotherapeutic potential of currently used kinase inhibitors: An update. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1064472. [PMID: 36699049 PMCID: PMC9868582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate to protein, resulting in the modification of the protein. The human genome encodes approximately 538 kinases. Kinases play a role in maintaining a number of cellular processes, including control of the cell cycle, metabolism, survival, and differentiation. Protein kinase dysregulation causes several diseases, and it has been shown that numerous kinases are deregulated in cancer. The oncogenic potential of these kinases is increased by a number of processes, including overexpression, relocation, fusion point mutations, and the disruption of upstream signaling. Understanding of the mechanism or role played by kinases has led to the development of a large number of kinase inhibitors with promising clinical benefits. In this review, we discuss FDA-approved kinase inhibitors and their mechanism, clinical benefits, and side effects, as well as the challenges of overcoming some of their side effects and future prospects for new kinase inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri R. Naik
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ashok K. Shakya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan,*Correspondence: Ashok K. Shakya,
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Yamaguchi T, Watanabe T, Iwaisako Y, Fujimuro M. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF21 Enhances the Phosphorylation of MEK and the Infectivity of Progeny Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus-8, is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. Although the functions of the viral thymidine kinases (vTK) of herpes simplex virus-1/2 are well understood, that of KSHV ORF21 (an ortholog of vTK) is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of ORF21 in lytic replication and infection by generating two ORF21-mutated KSHV BAC clones: ORF21-kinase activity deficient KSHV (21KD) and stop codon-induced ORF21-deleted KSHV (21del). The results showed that both ORF21 mutations did not affect viral genome replication, lytic gene transcription, or the production of viral genome-encapsidated particles. The ORF21 molecule-dependent function, other than the kinase function of ORF21, was involved in the infectivity of the progeny virus. ORF21 was expressed 36 h after the induction of lytic replication, and endogenously expressed ORF21 was localized in the whole cytoplasm. Moreover, ORF21 upregulated the MEK phosphorylation and anchorage-independent cell growth. The inhibition of MEK signaling by U0126 in recipient target cells suppressed the number of progeny virus-infected cells. These suggest that ORF21 transmitted as a tegument protein in the progeny virus enhances the new infection through MEK up-regulation in the recipient cell. Our findings indicate that ORF21 plays key roles in the infection of KSHV through the manipulation of the cellular function.
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Tsamis I, Gomatou G, Chachali SP, Trontzas IP, Patriarcheas V, Panagiotou E, Kotteas E. BRAF/ MEK inhibition in NSCLC: mechanisms of resistance and how to overcome it. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:10-20. [PMID: 35729451 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy for oncogenic genetic alterations has changed the treatment paradigm of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mutations in the BRAF gene are detected in approximately 4% of patients and result in hyper-activation of the MAPK pathway, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Inhibition of BRAF and its downstream effector MEK constitutes a therapeutic strategy for a subset of patients with NSCLC and is associated with clinical benefit. Unfortunately, the majority of patients will develop disease progression within 1 year. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that resistance mechanisms involve the restoration of MAPK signaling which becomes inhibition-independent due to upstream or downstream alterations, and the activation of bypass pathways, such as the PI3/AKT/mTOR pathway. Future research should be directed to deciphering the mechanisms of cancer cells' oncogenic dependence, understanding the tissue-specific mechanisms of BRAF-mutant tumors, and optimizing treatment strategies after progression on BRAF and MEK inhibition.
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Lee J, Ahmed T, Maurichi A, Di Guardo L, Stagno AM, Warburton L, Taylor AM, Livingstone E, Rehman S, Khattak A, Kahler KC, Vanella V, Atkinson V, Millward M, Schadendorf D, Johnson DB, Ascierto PA, Hauschild A, Lo SN, Long GV, Menzies AM, Carlino MS. BRAF inhibitor cessation prior to disease progression in metastatic melanoma: Long-term outcomes. Eur J Cancer 2023; 179:87-97. [PMID: 36509002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF mutant melanoma treated with BRAF ± MEK inhibitor (targeted therapy) has a high response rate; however, most patients progress (PD). Some patients have durable response, but it is unknown whether treatment can be discontinued in these patients. We describe the recurrence risk, progression patterns, response to subsequent treatment, and survival of patients with advanced melanoma who ceased targeted therapy prior to PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-four patients who ceased targeted therapy without progression were identified retrospectively from 11 centres: 45 were male; 81 V600E; 88 stage IV. Fifty-nine were treated with BRAF + MEK inhibitor, and 35 were treated with BRAF inhibitor alone. Median treatment duration was 29.6 months (range 0.36-77.9). At cessation, 67 were in complete response, 21 in partial response, and 2 stable disease. RESULTS After median follow-up from cessation of 42.9 months (range 0.0-88.7), 36 (38%) progressed; median time to progression was 4.7 months (range 0.7-56.9); 30 (83%) were asymptomatic and 7 (19%) had new brain metastases. Progression rates did not differ by best response: 34% for complete response and 43% for partial response (P = 0.65). Treatment duration was strongly associated with risk of progression: Median treatment duration was 18.3 (range 0.85-65.7) months for those who progressed and 34.6 (range 0.36-77.9) months for those who did not (P = 0.0004). Twenty-two received further targeted therapy with 15 (68%) responses. CONCLUSION Risk of progression after cessation of targeted therapy is strongly associated with treatment duration. Response to retreatment with targeted therapy is high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasnia Ahmed
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Guardo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Stagno
- SC Medical Oncology/ASST-Monza San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Amelia M Taylor
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Saba Rehman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Adnan Khattak
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia; Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Vito Vanella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine/University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- University Hospital Essen & German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Germany
| | | | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Axel Hauschild
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health/The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore & Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre/The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health/The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore & Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health/The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
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Eleveld TF, Vernooij L, Schild L, Koopmans B, Alles LK, Ebus ME, Dandis R, van Tinteren H, Caron HN, Koster J, van Noesel MM, Tytgat GAM, Eising S, Versteeg R, Dolman MEM, Molenaar JJ. MEK inhibition causes BIM stabilization and increased sensitivity to BCL-2 family member inhibitors in RAS-MAPK-mutated neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130034. [PMID: 36895472 PMCID: PMC9990464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mutations affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway occur frequently in relapsed neuroblastoma tumors and are associated with response to MEK inhibition in vitro. However, these inhibitors alone do not lead to tumor regression in vivo, indicating the need for combination therapy. Methods and results Via high-throughput combination screening, we identified that the MEK inhibitor trametinib can be combined with BCL-2 family member inhibitors, to efficiently inhibit growth of neuroblastoma cell lines with RAS-MAPK mutations. Suppressing the RAS-MAPK pathway with trametinib led to an increase in pro-apoptotic BIM, resulting in more BIM binding to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. By favoring the formation of these complexes, trametinib treatment enhances sensitivity to compounds targeting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. In vitro validation studies confirmed that this sensitizing effect is dependent on an active RAS-MAPK pathway. In vivo combination of trametinib with BCL-2 inhibitors led to tumor inhibition in NRAS-mutant and NF1-deleted xenografts. Conclusion Together, these results show that combining MEK inhibition with BCL-2 family member inhibition could potentially improve therapeutic outcomes for RAS-MAPK-mutated neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Eleveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lindy Vernooij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda Schild
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Koopmans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lindy K Alles
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marli E Ebus
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rana Dandis
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max M van Noesel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Selma Eising
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Emmy M Dolman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Schneeweis C, Diersch S, Hassan Z, Krauß L, Schneider C, Lucarelli D, Falcomatà C, Steiger K, Öllinger R, Krämer OH, Arlt A, Grade M, Schmidt-Supprian M, Hessmann E, Wirth M, Rad R, Reichert M, Saur D, Schneider G. AP1/Fra1 confers resistance to MAPK cascade inhibition in pancreatic cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:12. [PMID: 36534167 PMCID: PMC9763154 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting KRAS downstream signaling remains an important therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer. We used primary pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and mouse models allowing the conditional expression of oncogenic KrasG12D, to investigate KRAS signaling integrators. We observed that the AP1 family member FRA1 is tightly linked to the KRAS signal and expressed in pre-malignant lesions and the basal-like subtype of pancreatic cancer. However, genetic-loss-of-function experiments revealed that FRA1 is dispensable for KrasG12D-induced pancreatic cancer development in mice. Using FRA1 gain- and loss-of-function models in an unbiased drug screen, we observed that FRA1 is a modulator of the responsiveness of pancreatic cancer to inhibitors of the RAF-MEK-ERK cascade. Mechanistically, context-dependent FRA1-associated adaptive rewiring of oncogenic ERK signaling was observed and correlated with sensitivity to inhibitors of canonical KRAS signaling. Furthermore, pharmacological-induced degradation of FRA1 synergizes with MEK inhibitors. Our studies establish FRA1 as a part of the molecular machinery controlling sensitivity to MAPK cascade inhibition allowing the development of mechanism-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schneeweis
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany ,Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Diersch
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Krauß
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniele Lucarelli
- Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Falcomatà
- Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany ,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, TU München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department for Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,CCC-N (Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- CCC-N (Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony), Göttingen, Germany ,University Medical Center Göttingen Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, TU München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany ,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,Translational Pancreatic Research Cancer Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany ,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany ,Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ,CCC-N (Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony), Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang H, Li C, Liao S, Tu Y, Sun S, Yao F, Li Z, Wang Z. PSMD12 promotes the activation of the MEK-ERK pathway by upregulating KIF15 to promote the malignant progression of liver cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-11. [PMID: 36137220 PMCID: PMC9519003 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor recurrence and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) threatened patients a lot. The mechanism should be further explored. The information of expression status and survival were available in public databases. The Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining displayed the level of related proteins. CCK-8, colony-formation assays, transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed to illustrate the ability of tumor growth, invasion and migration. In vivo model was established to verify our cell experiments. In our study, we revealed that proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 12 (PSMD12) was high expressed in HCC tissues and positive related to the survival. In vitro experiments suggested that PSMD12 knockdown attenuated tumor cell growth, invasion and migration. Moreover, PSMD12 interference blocked the activation of MEK-ERK pathway. The ERK inhibitor could alleviate the tumor-promoting effect in PSMD12-overexpression cells. In addition, kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) was also observed to be highly expressed in HCC and be harmful to the survival. The public database, the images of immunohistochemistry and the western blot illustrated that PSMD12 and KIF15 was positive correlated. KIF15 knockdown impaired tumor progression and tumor-promoting effect of PSMD12. The xenograft models supported the results of cell experiments. In conclusion, PSMD12 could activated MEK-ERK pathway via KIF15 upregulation, thereby promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpu Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shichong Liao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Garutti M, Bergnach M, Polesel J, Palmero L, Pizzichetta MA, Puglisi F. BRAF and MEK Inhibitors and Their Toxicities: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010141. [PMID: 36612138 PMCID: PMC9818023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis summarizes the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AE) of BRAFi and MEKi. METHODS A systematic search of Medline/PubMed was conducted to identify suitable articles published in English up to 31 December 2021. The primary outcomes were profiles for all-grade and grade 3 or higher treatment-related AEs, and the analysis of single side effects belonging to both categories. RESULTS The overall incidence of treatment-related all-grade Aes was 99% for Encorafenib (95% CI: 0.97-1.00) and 97% for Trametinib (95% CI: 0.92-0.99; I2 = 66%) and Binimetinib (95% CI: 0.94-0.99; I2 = 0%). In combined therapies, the rate was 98% for both Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (95% CI: 0.96-0.99; I2 = 77%) and Encorafenib + Binimetinib (95% CI: 0.96-1.00). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported in 69% of cases for Binimetinib (95% CI: 0.50-0.84; I2 = 71%), 68% for Encorafenib (95% CI: 0.61-0.74), and 72% for Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (95% CI: 0.65-0.79; I2 = 84%). The most common grade 1-2 AEs were pyrexia (43%) and fatigue (28%) for Dabrafenib + Trametinib and diarrhea for both Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (52%) and Encorafenib + Binimetinib (34%). The most common AEs of grade 3 or higher were pyrexia, rash, and hypertension for Dabrafenib + Trametinib (6%), rash and hypertension for Encorafenib + Binimetinib (6%), and increased AST and ALT for Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (10%). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides comprehensive data on treatment-related adverse events of BRAFi and MEKi combination therapies, showing related toxicity profiles to offer a helpful tool for clinicians in the choice of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-3465-9092
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Palmero
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, 34123 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Zhou Y, Wang S, Wu W, Ling J, Li H, Jia Q, Zheng J, Zheng X, Yu R, Wu Q, Shi Y, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, Yuan S, Bernards R, Jin H, Qin W. Sustained activation of EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling limits the response to tigecycline-induced mitochondrial respiratory deficiency in liver cancer. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104397. [PMID: 36502574 PMCID: PMC9763382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of tumor dependencies is important for developing therapeutic strategies for liver cancer. METHODS A genome-wide CRISPR screen was performed for finding critical vulnerabilities in liver cancer cells. Compounds screen, RNA sequencing, and human phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase arrays were applied to explore mechanisms and search for synergistic drugs. FINDINGS We identified mitochondrial translation-related genes associated with proliferation for liver cancer cells. Tigecycline induced deficiency of respiratory chain by disturbing mitochondrial translation process and showed therapeutic potential in liver cancer. For liver cancer cells extremely insensitive to tigecycline, a compounds screen was applied to identify MEK inhibitors as synergistic drugs to tigecycline-insensitive liver cancer cells. Mechanistically, sustained activation of EGFR-ERK1/2-MYC cascade conferred the insensitivity to tigecycline, which was mediated by enhanced secretion of EREG and AREG. Moreover, glycolytic enzymes, such as HK2 and PKM2 were upregulated to stimulate glycolysisin a MYC-dependent manner. Tigecycline induced respiratory chain deficiency in combination with cutting off EGFR-ERK1/2-MYC cascade by MEK inhibitors or EGFR inhibitors, resulting in decrease of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in liver cancer cells. INTERPRETATION Our study proved that blocking EGFR-ERK1/2-MYC cascade combined with tigecycline could be a potential therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. FUNDING This work was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073039,82222047, 81920108025), Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (22XD1423100), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Project (20JC1411100), 111 Project (B21024), Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZDCX20212700, SHSMU-ZDCX20210802) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (YG2019GD01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoping Shi
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick L. Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author.
| | - René Bernards
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author. Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Haojie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25, Lane 2200 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25, Lane 2200 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Samimi H, Tavakoli R, Fallah P, Naderi Sohi A, Amini Shirkouhi M, Naderi M, Haghpanah V. BI-847325, a selective dual MEK and Aurora kinases inhibitor, reduces aggressive behavior of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma on an in vitro three-dimensional culture. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:388. [PMID: 36482411 PMCID: PMC9730667 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer. In this study, we used a three-dimensional in vitro system to evaluate the effect of a dual MEK/Aurora kinase inhibitor, BI-847325 anticancer drug, on several cellular and molecular processes involved in cancer progression. METHODS Human ATC cell lines, C643 and SW1736, were grown in alginate hydrogel and treated with IC50 values of BI-847325. The effect of BI-847325 on inhibition of kinases function of MEK1/2 and Aurora kinase B (AURKB) was evaluated via Western blot analysis of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Histone H3 levels. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroglobulin (Tg), as two thyroid-specific differentiation markers, were measured by qRT-PCR as well as flow cytometry and immunoradiometric assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and BIM, NFκB1, and NFκB2 expressions. Cell cycle distribution and proliferation were determined via P16, AURKA, and AURKB expressions as well as PI and CFSE flow cytometry assays. Multidrug resistance was evaluated by examining the expression of MDR1 and MRP1. Angiogenesis and invasion were investigated by VEGF expression and F-actin labeling with Alexa Fluor 549 Phalloidin. RESULTS Western blot results showed that BI-847325 inhibits MEK1/2 and AURKB functions by decreasing phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Histone H3 levels. BI-847325 induced thyroid differentiation markers and apoptosis in ATC cell lines. Inversely, BI-847325 intervention decreased multidrug resistance, cell cycle progression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion at the molecular and/or cellular levels. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that BI-857,325 might be an effective multi-targeted anticancer drug for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Samimi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Hepatitis and HIV Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Fallah
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Naderi Sohi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amini Shirkouhi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Datta J, Dai X, Bianchi A, De Castro Silva I, Mehra S, Garrido VT, Lamichhane P, Singh SP, Zhou Z, Dosch AR, Messaggio F, Ban Y, Umland O, Hosein PJ, Nagathihalli NS, Merchant NB. Combined MEK and STAT3 Inhibition Uncovers Stromal Plasticity by Enriching for Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts With Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Features to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1593-1612. [PMID: 35948109 PMCID: PMC10257389 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We have shown that reciprocally activated rat sarcoma (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways mediate therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), while combined MEK and STAT3 inhibition (MEKi+STAT3i) overcomes such resistance and alters stromal architecture. We now determine whether MEKi+STAT3i reprograms the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) and immune microenvironment to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in PDAC. METHODS CAF and immune cell transcriptomes in MEKi (trametinib)+STAT3i (ruxolitinib)-treated vs vehicle-treated Ptf1aCre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox (PKT) tumors were examined via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 silencing of CAF-restricted Map2k1/Mek1 or Stat3, or both, enabled interrogation of CAF-dependent effects on immunologic remodeling in orthotopic models. Tumor growth, survival, and immune profiling via mass cytometry by time-of-flight were examined in PKT mice treated with vehicle, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy, and MEKi+STAT3i combined with anti-PD1. RESULTS MEKi+STAT3i attenuates Il6/Cxcl1-expressing proinflammatory and Lrrc15-expressing myofibroblastic CAF phenotypes while enriching for Ly6a/Cd34-expressing CAFs exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell-like features via scRNAseq in PKT mice. This CAF plasticity is associated with M2-to-M1 reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages, and enhanced trafficking of cluster of differentiation 8+ T cells, which exhibit distinct effector transcriptional programs. These MEKi+STAT3i-induced effects appear CAF-dependent, because CAF-restricted Mek1/Stat3 silencing mitigates inflammatory-CAF polarization and myeloid infiltration in vivo. Addition of MEKi+STAT3i to PD-1 blockade not only dramatically improves antitumor responses and survival in PKT mice but also augments recruitment of activated/memory T cells while improving their degranulating and cytotoxic capacity compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Importantly, treatment of a patient who has chemotherapy-refractory metastatic PDAC with MEKi (trametinib), STAT3i (ruxolitinib), and PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) yielded clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS Combined MEKi+STAT3i mitigates stromal inflammation and enriches for CAF phenotypes with mesenchymal stem cell-like properties to overcome immunotherapy resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashodeep Datta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xizi Dai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anna Bianchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Iago De Castro Silva
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Siddharth Mehra
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vanessa T Garrido
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Purushottam Lamichhane
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Clovis Oncology, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Samara P Singh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Austin R Dosch
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Fanuel Messaggio
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Peter J Hosein
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nagaraj S Nagathihalli
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Nipun B Merchant
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang B. PCDH7 knockdown potentiates colon cancer cells to chemotherapy via inducing ferroptosis and changes in autophagy through restraining MEK1/2/ERK/c-Fos axis. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:445-457. [PMID: 35926236 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a commonly utilized treatment strategy for colon cancer, a prevalent malignancy. The study intends to probe the function and mechanism of protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) in colon cancer. Gain or loss of functional assays of PCDH7 was performed. MTT and colony formation assay monitored cell proliferation. Transwell measured migration and invasion. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot verified the profiles of PCDH7 and the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. Western blot was implemented to confirm the profiles of PP1α, MLC2, and p-MLC2 for evaluating the impact of PCDH7 on homotypic cells in cell (hocic) structures. Further, an in-vivo nude mouse model was engineered to figure out the function and mechanism of PCDH7 in tumor cell growth. As indicated by the data, PCDH7 knockdown boosted the cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. PCDH7 overexpression facilitated their proliferation and invasion, altered autophagy, induced ferroptosis and hocic, and initiated the profile of the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. MEK1/2/ERK inhibition impaired the inhibitory impact of PCDH7 on colon cancer cells' chemotherapy sensitivity and dampened its pro-cancer function in the cells. In-vivo experiments displayed that PCDH7 overexpression stepped up tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in colon cancer cells. All in all, the research has discovered that PCDH7 knockdown affects autophagy and induces ferroptosis, hence strengthening colon cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy by repressing the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
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Leclair NK, Lambert W, Roche K, Gillan E, Gell JJ, Lau CC, Wrubel G, Knopf J, Amin S, Anderson M, Martin JE, Bookland MJ, Hersh DS. Early experience with targeted therapy as a first-line adjuvant treatment for pediatric low-grade glioma. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E15. [PMID: 36455272 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.focus22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) frequently exhibit dysregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Targeted therapies, including mutant BRAF inhibitors (dabrafenib) and MEK inhibitors (trametinib), have shown promise in patients in whom conventional chemotherapy has failed. However, few studies have investigated the use of targeted therapy as a first-line treatment for pLGG. Here, the authors reviewed their institutional experience with using a personalized medicine approach to patients with newly diagnosed pLGGs. METHODS All pediatric patients at the authors' institution who had been treated with dabrafenib or trametinib for pLGG without first receiving conventional chemotherapy or radiation were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were collected. RESULTS Eight patients underwent targeted therapy as a first-line treatment for pLGG. Five patients had a BRAF alteration (1 with a BRAFV600E mutation, 4 with a KIAA1549:BRAF fusion), and 3 patients had an NF1 mutation. One of the 8 patients was initially treated with dabrafenib, and trametinib was added later. Seven patients were initially treated with trametinib; of these, 2 later transitioned to dual therapy, whereas 5 continued with trametinib monotherapy. Six patients (75%) demonstrated a partial response to therapy during their treatment course, whereas stable disease was identified in the remaining 2 patients (25%). One patient experienced mild disease progression after completing a course of trametinib monotherapy, but ultimately stabilized after a period of close observation. Another patient experienced tumor progression while on dabrafenib, but subsequently responded to dual therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib. The most common adverse reactions to targeted therapy were cutaneous toxicity (100%) and diarrhea (50%). CONCLUSIONS Targeted therapies have the potential to become a standard treatment option for pLGG due to their favorable toxicity profile and oral route of administration. This case series provides preliminary evidence that targeted therapies can induce an early disease response as a first-line adjuvant treatment; however, large-scale studies are required to assess long-term durability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimberley Roche
- 2Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford
| | - Eileen Gillan
- 2Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford
| | - Joanna J Gell
- 2Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford.,3The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington.,4Department of Pediatrics, UConn School of Medicine; Farmington
| | - Ching C Lau
- 2Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford.,3The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington.,4Department of Pediatrics, UConn School of Medicine; Farmington
| | | | - Joshua Knopf
- 1School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Shirali Amin
- 2Division of Hematology and Oncology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford
| | - Megan Anderson
- 6Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children's, Hartford; and
| | - Jonathan E Martin
- 6Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children's, Hartford; and.,7Department of Surgery, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Markus J Bookland
- 6Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children's, Hartford; and.,7Department of Surgery, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - David S Hersh
- 6Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children's, Hartford; and.,7Department of Surgery, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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