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Gong E, Zawacki L, Remington A, Bierma M, Lachance K, Akaike T, Nghiem P. 247 Type of immunosuppression matters: Efficacy of immunotherapy in immunosuppressed Merkel cell carcinoma patients. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Akaike T, Doolittle-Amieva C, Lachance K, Fonseca A, Church C, Hall E, Nghiem P, Zaba L. 675 Utility of circulating tumor DNA testing in Merkel cell carcinoma patients. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Lachance K, Hippe D, Cahill K, Akaike T, Fonseca A, Nghiem P. 650 Improving surveillance for merkel cell carcinoma patients: A web-based tool to interpret sequential merkel cell polyomavirus antibody test results. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zawacki L, Lachance K, Akaike T, Nghiem P. 497 Efficacy of immunotherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma patients with chronic immunosuppression. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akaike T, Qazi J, Anderson A, Behnia FS, Shinohara MM, Akaike G, Hippe DS, Thomas H, Takagishi SR, Lachance K, Park SY, Tarabadkar ES, Iyer JG, Blom A, Parvathaneni U, Vesselle H, Nghiem P, Bhatia S. High somatostatin receptor expression and efficacy of somatostatin analogues in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:319-327. [PMID: 32320473 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive, high-grade, cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour (NET). Agents blocking programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 have efficacy in metastatic MCC (mMCC), but half of patients do not derive durable benefit. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) are commonly used to treat low- and moderate-grade NETs that express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). OBJECTIVES To assess SSTR expression and the efficacy of SSAs in mMCC, a high-grade NET. Methods In this retrospective study of 40 patients with mMCC, SSTR expression was assessed radiologically by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS; n = 39) and/or immunohistochemically when feasible (n = 9). Nineteen patients (18 had SRS uptake in MCC tumours) were treated with SSA. Disease control was defined as progression-free survival (PFS) of ≥ 120 days after initiation of SSA. RESULTS Thirty-three of 39 patients (85%) had some degree (low 52%, moderate 23%, high 10%) of SRS uptake. Of 19 patients treated with SSA, seven had a response-evaluable target lesion; three of these seven patients (43%) experienced disease control, with a median PFS of 237 days (range 152-358). Twelve of 19 patients did not have a response-evaluable lesion due to antecedent radiation; five of these 12 (42%) experienced disease control (median PFS of 429 days, range 143-1757). The degree of SSTR expression (determined by SRS and/or immunohistochemistry) did not correlate significantly with the efficacy endpoints. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to other high-grade NETs, mMCC tumours appear frequently to express SSTRs. SSAs can lead to clinically meaningful disease control with minimal side-effects. Targeting of SSTRs using SSA or other novel approaches should be explored further for mMCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akaike
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Qazi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Anderson
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F S Behnia
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M M Shinohara
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Akaike
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D S Hippe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Thomas
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S R Takagishi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Lachance
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Y Park
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E S Tarabadkar
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J G Iyer
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Blom
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - U Parvathaneni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Vesselle
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Nghiem
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Dóka É, Ida T, Dagnell M, Abiko Y, Luong NC, Balog N, Takata T, Espinosa B, Nishimura A, Cheng Q, Funato Y, Miki H, Fukuto JM, Prigge JR, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ, Kumagai Y, Akaike T, Nagy P. Control of protein function through oxidation and reduction of persulfidated states. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax8358. [PMID: 31911946 PMCID: PMC6938701 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible oxidation of Cys residues to sulfinic/sulfonic forms typically impairs protein function. We found that persulfidation (CysSSH) protects Cys from irreversible oxidative loss of function by the formation of CysSSO1-3H derivatives that can subsequently be reduced back to native thiols. Reductive reactivation of oxidized persulfides by the thioredoxin system was demonstrated in albumin, Prx2, and PTP1B. In cells, this mechanism protects and regulates key proteins of signaling pathways, including Prx2, PTEN, PTP1B, HSP90, and KEAP1. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we show that (i) CysSSH and CysSSO3H species are abundant in mouse liver and enzymatically regulated by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems and (ii) deletion of the thioredoxin-related protein TRP14 in mice altered CysSSH levels on a subset of proteins, predicting a role for TRP14 in persulfide signaling. Furthermore, selenium supplementation, polysulfide treatment, or knockdown of TRP14 mediated cellular responses to EGF, suggesting a role for TrxR1/TRP14-regulated oxidative persulfidation in growth factor responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- É. Dóka
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - M. Dagnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Abiko
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N. C. Luong
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue, Vietnam
| | - N. Balog
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - B. Espinosa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - Q. Cheng
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J. M. Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, Sonoma, CA 94928, USA
| | - J. R. Prigge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E. E. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E. S. J. Arnér
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T. Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - P. Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author.
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Lachance K, Akaike T, Cahill K, Zawacki L, Singh N, Doolittle-Amieva C, Park S, Morishima C, Hutchinson K, Cater J, Galloway D, Paulson K, Nghiem P. 590 Detecting Merkel cell carcinoma recurrence using a blood test: Outcomes from 774 patients. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Kaneko K, Miyamoto Y, Tsukuura R, Sasa K, Akaike T, Fujii S, Yoshimura K, Nagayama K, Hoshino M, Inoue S, Maki K, Baba K, Chikazu D, Kamijo R. 8-Nitro-cGMP is a promoter of osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Nitric Oxide 2017; 72:46-51. [PMID: 29183803 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells differentiated from monocyte-macrophage-lineage cells under stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes. Although it has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in this process, the mechanism by which these labile molecules promote osteoclast differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the formation and function of 8-nitro-cGMP, a downstream molecule of NO and ROS, in the process of osteoclast differentiation in vitro. 8-Nitro-cGMP was detected in mouse bone marrow macrophages and osteoclasts differentiated from macrophages in the presence of RANKL. Inhibition of NO synthase suppressed the formation of 8-nitro-cGMP as well as RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from macrophages. On the other hand, RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was promoted by addition of 8-nitro-cGMP to the cultures. In addition, 8-nitro-cGMP enhanced the mRNA expression of RANK, the receptor for RANKL. However, 8-bromo-cGMP, a membrane-permeable derivative of cGMP, did not have an effect on either RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation or expression of the RANK gene. These results suggest that 8-nitro-cGMP is a novel positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation, which might help to explain the roles of NO and ROS in osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Y Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan.
| | - R Tsukuura
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - K Sasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - T Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - S Fujii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - K Yoshimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - K Nagayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - S Inoue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - K Maki
- Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - K Baba
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - D Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - R Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Ohgawara H, Miyazaki J, Karibe S, Tashiro F, Akaike T, Hashimoto Y. Embedded-Culture of Pancreatic β-Cells Derived from Transgenic Mouse Insulinoma as a Potential Source for Xenotransplantation using a Diffusion Chamber. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:307-13. [PMID: 7640870 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedded-culture of pancreatic β-cells derived from a transgenic mouse insulinoma (MIN6 cells) was studied in vitro and in vivo. The MIN6 cells were enmeshed in an agarose-PVMA-collagen matrix for long-term maintenance. The cells formed islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) in the mixed matrix. When 10 mmol/L nicotinamide was added to these cultures the cells secreted insulin in response to various concentrations of glucose, whereas the untreated control cells were unresponsive. Both control and nicotinamide-treated MIN6 cells exhibited normal β-cell function for up to 35 days in the mixed matrix, and the cells were much better preserved with nicotinamide than without it. MIN6 cells were suspended in the mixed matrix with nicotinamide and transferred into diffusion chambers to create a bio-artificial endocrine pancreas (Bio-AEP). In streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats with implanted Bio-AEP but without any immunosuppressants, a return to normoglycaemia was observed for up to 12 wk or more after transplantation. Our results indicate that nicotinamide-treated MIN6 cells embedded in a mixed matrix should be useful for the study of xenotransplantation and the development of a bioartificial endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohgawara
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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10
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Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Isohama Y, Sawa T, Akaike T, Katsuki H. Nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase signaling mediates depolarization-induced protection of rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from MPP⁺ cytotoxicity. Neuroscience 2012; 231:206-15. [PMID: 23238575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal electrical activity has been known to affect the viability of neurons in the central nervous system. Here we show that long-lasting membrane depolarization induced by elevated extracellular K(+) recruits nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl cyclase/protein kinase G signaling pathway, induces 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP)-mediated protein S-guanylation, and confers dopaminergic neuroprotection. Treatment of primary mesencephalic cell cultures with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) for 72 h decreased the number of dopaminergic neurons, whereas the cell loss was markedly inhibited by elevated extracellular concentration of K(+) (+40 mM). The neuroprotective effect of elevated extracellular K(+) was significantly attenuated by tetrodotoxin (a Na(+) channel blocker), amlodipine (a voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel blocker), N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), and KT5823 or Rp-8-bromo-β-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS) (protein kinase G inhibitors). Elevated extracellular K(+) increased 8-nitro-cGMP production resulting in the induction of protein S-guanylation in cells in mesencephalic cultures including dopaminergic neurons. In addition, exogenous application of 8-nitro-cGMP protected dopaminergic neurons from MPP(+) cytotoxicity, which was prevented by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Zinc protoporphyrin IX also inhibited the neuroprotective effect of elevated extracellular K(+). On the other hand, KT5823 or Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS did not inhibit the induction of HO-1 protein expression by 8-nitro-cGMP, although these protein kinase G inhibitors abrogated the neuroprotective effect of 8-nitro-cGMP. These results suggest that protein S-guanylation (leading to HO-1 induction) as well as canonical protein kinase G signaling pathway plays an important role in NO-mediated, activity-dependent dopaminergic neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kurauchi
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The handling of hepatocytes, a major cell population in the liver, is an important technique in both liver tissue engineering and hepatology. However, these cells are so fragile that it has been impossible to harvest hepatocytes with high viability from tissue culture dishes after a period of culture in vitro. In this study, we employed an artificial substrate for transfection of multilayer hepatocytes and harvested these cells with high viability after transfection. Hepatocytes cultured on an amphiphilic artificial substrate form multilayer aggregates (spheroids) in the presence of growth factors during gene transfection with cation liposomes. Compared to cells cultured on a collagen-coated plate, these spheroids are easily harvested with high viability by pipetting in EDTA solution. In addition, these spheroids rapidly spread on collagen after transfer from the artificial substrate, demonstrating that hepatocytes in the center of the spheroids were viable. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased the transfection efficiency into hepatocytes while hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) alone did not increase the efficiency. However, HGF synergestically increased the effect of EGF on transfection. Interestingly, this transfection required the process of spheroid formation because the gene was not transfected once the spheroid formation completed or under conditions where hepatocytes did not form spheroids. This method using spheroidal hepatocytes for in vitro transfection is promising for the development of ex vivo gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226, Japan
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12
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Sakai S, Kim J, Hexig B, Okahata Y, Cho C, Akaike T. Adsorption behaviors of recombinant E-cadherin-IgG Fc fusion protein on polystyrene surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moon JS, Jeon HM, Meng W, Akaike T, Kang IK. Morphology and metabolism of hepatocytes microencapsulated with acrylic terpolymer-alginate using gelatin and poly(vinyl alcohol) as extracellular matrices. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 16:1245-59. [PMID: 16268251 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774269502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microcapsules with good mechanical stability were prepared using an appropriate mixture of alginate and acrylic terpolymer. It was found from the microscopic observation that the microcapsules had a porous structure with interconnected pores, with a size of 50-150 nm. The results of the permeability experiment of microcapsules using FITC-dextrans showed that the capsule had a molecular mass cut-off of 120 kDa. The hepatocytes encapsulated in both alginate and acrylic terpolymer with gelatin and PVA rapidly aggregated in the core. The aggregated cells showed high albumin synthesis and ammonia removal, suggesting good metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Moon
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, South Korea
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14
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Higuchi A, Uchiyama S, Demura M, Asakura T, Cho CS, Akaike T, Takarada H, Hara M. Enhanced CEA production associated with aspirin in a culture of CW-2 cells on some polymeric films. Cytotechnology 2011; 31:233-42. [PMID: 19003147 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008030730814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor (CW2) cells were cultivated in RPMI 1640 media containing 0-7.5 mM aspirin and 10% fetal bovine serum for the production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By adding aspirin to the media, the production of CEA per cell increased by up to one hundred fold compared to cultivation in normal media containing no aspirin, even though the total cell concentration decreased with the increase in aspirin in the media. The production of CEA was also investigated for CW2 cells cultured on silk fibroin, poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) and poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate)/poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer films prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett and casting methods. The highest production of CEA per cell was observed for the CW2 cells on poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) and its diblock copolymer films prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett method in the medium containing 5 mM aspirin after 168 hr of inoculation. This originates from the fact that the cell density on the films in the medium containing 5 mM aspirin was the lowest under these conditions. It is suggested that CW2 cells produce CEA more effectively when the cell growth is suppressed by addition of toxic chemicals such as aspirin or by culture on unfavorable films for cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higuchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Seikei University, Musashino, 180-8633, Japan
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15
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Jere D, Jiang HL, Arote R, Kim YK, Choi YJ, Cho MH, Akaike T, Cho CS. Degradable polyethylenimines as DNA and small interfering RNA carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:827-34. [PMID: 19558333 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903029183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a powerful approach in the treatment of a wide range of both inherited and acquired diseases. Nonviral delivery systems have been proposed as safer alternatives to viral vectors because they avoid the inherent immunogenicity and production problems that are seen when viral systems are used. Many cationic polymers, including high-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI) have been widely studied as gene-delivery carriers, both, in vitro and in vivo. However, interest has recently developed in degradable polymeric systems. The advantage of degradable polymer is its low in-vivo cytotoxicity, which is a result of its easy elimination from the cells and body. Degradable polymer also enhances transfection of DNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) for efficient gene expression or silencing, respectively. This review paper summarizes and discusses the recent advances with degradable PEIs, such as cross-linked and grafted PEIs for DNA and siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jere
- Seoul National University, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Kutsuzawa K, Tada S, Hossain S, Fukuda K, Maruyama K, Akiyama Y, Akaike T, Chowdhury EH. Disrupting actin filaments promotes efficient transfection of a leukemia cell line using cell adhesive protein-embedded carbonate apatite particles. Anal Biochem 2009; 388:164-6. [PMID: 19454213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells such as leukemia and lymphoma cells are obvious and attractive targets for gene therapy. Gene transfer and expression for cytokine and immunomodulatory molecules in various kinds of tumor cells have been shown to mediate tumor regression and antimetastatic effects. Moreover, genetically modified leukemia cells expressing costimulatory molecules or cytokines are likely to have significant therapeutic roles for patients with leukemia. One of the major hurdles to the successful implementation of these promising approaches is the lack of a suitable nanocarrier for transgene delivery and expression in a safe and effective manner. Recently, we reported on the development of a safe, efficient nanocarrier system of carbonate apatite that can assist both intracellular delivery and release of DNA, leading to very high level of transgene expression in cancer and primary cells. However, its efficiency in human lymphocytes is poor. We show here that nanocrystals of carbonate apatite, when electrostatically associated with fibronectin and/or E-cadherin-Fc, accelerated transgene delivery in a human T leukemia cell line (Jurkat). Moreover, transgene expression efficiency could be enhanced dramatically with the cell adhesive protein-embedded particles finally up to 150 times by selectively disrupting the actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kutsuzawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Kutsuzawa K, Maruyama K, Akiyama Y, Akaike T, Chowdhury EH. Protein kinase C activation enhances transfection efficacy of cell-adhesive protein-anchored carbonate apatite nanocrystals. Anal Biochem 2007; 371:116-7. [PMID: 17586455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kutsuzawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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18
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Cho C, Hoshiba T, Harada I, Akaike T. Regulation of hepatocyte behaviors by galactose-carrying polymers through receptor-mediated mechanism. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Kutsuzawa K, Akaike T, Chowdhury EH. The influence of the cell-adhesive proteins E-cadherin and fibronectin embedded in carbonate-apatite DNA carrier on transgene delivery and expression in a mouse embryonic stem cell line. Biomaterials 2007; 29:370-6. [PMID: 17949808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to be differentiated to a specific cell type through genetic manipulation and therefore, represent a new and versatile source of cell replacement in regenerative medicine. However, conventional ways of gene transfer to these progenitor cells, suffer from a number of disadvantages particularly involving safety and efficacy issues. We have recently reported on the development of a bio-functionalized DNA carrier of carbonate apatite by embedding fibronectin and E-cadherin chimera on the carrier, leading to its high-affinity interactions with embryonic stem cell surface and accelerated transgene delivery for subsequent expression. Here, we show the molecular basis of synthesizing highly functional composite particles utilizing DNA, cell-adhesive proteins and inorganic crystals, and finally establish a superior transfection system for a mouse stem cell line having potential applications in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kutsuzawa
- Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, E3-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Chitosan has been investigated as a non-viral vector because it has several advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity with high cationic potential. However, the low specificity and low transfection efficiency of chitosan need to be solved prior to clinical application. In this paper, we focused on the galactose or mannose ligand modification of chitosan for enhancement of cell specificity and transfection efficiency via receptor-mediated endocytosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kim
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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21
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Jiang HL, Kwon JT, Kim YK, Kim EM, Arote R, Jeong HJ, Nah JW, Choi YJ, Akaike T, Cho MH, Cho CS. Galactosylated chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier for hepatocyte targeting. Gene Ther 2007; 14:1389-98. [PMID: 17637795 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chitosans have been proposed as alternative, biocompatible cationic polymers for nonviral gene delivery. However, the low transfection efficiency and low specificity of chitosan need to be addressed before clinical application. We prepared galactosylated chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (GC-g-PEI) copolymer by an imine reaction between periodate-oxidized GC and low-molecular-weight PEI. The molecular weight and composition were characterized using gel permeation chromatography column with multi-angle laser scattering and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. The copolymer was complexed with plasmid DNA in various copolymer/DNA (N/P) charge ratios, and the complexes were characterized. GC-g-PEI showed good DNA-binding ability and superior protection of DNA from nuclease attack and had low cytotoxicity compared to PEI 25K. GC-g-PEI/DNA complexes showed higher transfection efficiency than PEI 25K in both HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Transfection efficiency into HepG2, which has asialoglycoprotein receptors, was higher than that into HeLa, which does not. GC-g-PEI/DNA complexes also transfected liver cells in vivo after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration more effectively than PEI 25K. These results suggest that GC-g-PEI can be used in gene therapy to improve transfection efficiency and hepatocyte specificity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Jiang
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Kutsuzawa K, Maruyama K, Akiyama Y, Akaike T, Chowdhury EH. Efficient transfection of mouse embryonic stem cells with cell-adhesive protein-embedded inorganic nanocarrier. Anal Biochem 2007; 372:122-4. [PMID: 17651680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kutsuzawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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23
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Zohra FT, Chowdhury EH, Tada S, Hoshiba T, Akaike T. Effective delivery with enhanced translational activity synergistically accelerates mRNA-based transfection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:373-8. [PMID: 17475211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
mRNA instead of DNA provides a new and attractive approach for gene therapy and genetic vaccination. Current technologies for mRNA delivery are based on cationic lipids with DOTAP being the most efficient one. We previously reported on the synthesis of an inorganic-organic hybrid carrier by embedding inorganic nano-particles of carbonate apatite onto liposomal carrier DOTAP and demonstrated its high transfection potency of luciferase mRNA both in mitotic and non-mitotic cells. Here we show that in addition to the carrier design for effective endocytosis and release of mRNA to the cytoplasm, enhancement of mRNA translation efficiency is a prerequisite for maximum protein expression. We used the modified cap analog (ARCA) during in vitro transcription of luciferase DNA for proper cap orientation and demonstrated that transfection with ARCA-mRNA resulted in higher protein expression than the mRNA with usual cap structure for both DOTAP and DOTAP-apatite complex. Secondly, exogenous poly(A) was co-delivered with mRNA by the DOTAP-apatite, resulting in very significant expression compared to mRNA delivery only. Finally, when combined both of the effects of smart carrier and the modifications at mRNA translational level, a notable enhancement (100 times) was achieved as compared to the existing DOTAP-based liposome technology. Our findings, therefore, unveiled a novel approach that an effective delivery system can be developed by the improvement of the gene expression level in combination with the enhancement of the carrier potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Zohra
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Chowdhury
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Chowdhury
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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26
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Kutsuzawa K, Chowdhury EH, Nagaoka M, Maruyama K, Akiyama Y, Akaike T. Surface functionalization of inorganic nano-crystals with fibronectin and E-cadherin chimera synergistically accelerates trans-gene delivery into embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:514-20. [PMID: 17027651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells holding great promises in regenerative medicine have the potential to be differentiated to a specific cell type through genetic manipulation. However, conventional ways of gene transfer to such progenitor cells suffer from a number of disadvantages particularly involving safety and efficacy issues. Here, we report on the development of a bio-functionalized inorganic nano-carrier of DNA by embedding fibronectin and E-cadherin chimera on the carrier, leading to its high affinity interactions with embryonic stem cell surface and accelerated trans-gene delivery for subsequent expression. While only apatite nano-particles were very inefficient in transfecting embryonic stem cells, fibronectin-anchored particles and to a more significant extent, fibronectin and E-cadherin-Fc-associated particles dramatically enhanced trans-gene delivery with a value notably higher than that of commercially available lipofection system. The involvement of both cell surface integrin and E-cadherin in mediating intracellular localization of the hybrid carrier was verified by blocking integrin binding site with excess free fibronectin and up-regulating both integrin and E-cadherin through PKC activation. Thus, the new establishment of a bio-functional hybrid gene-carrier would promote and facilitate development of stem cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kutsuzawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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27
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Torigoe H, Ferdous A, Watanabe H, Akaike T, Maruyama A. Poly(L-Lysine)-Graft-Dextran Copolymer Remarkably Promotes Pyrimidine-Motif Triplex Formation at Neutral Ph: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Chowdhury EH, Maruyama A, Kano A, Nagaoka M, Kotaka M, Hirose S, Kunou M, Akaike T. pH-sensing nano-crystals of carbonate apatite: effects on intracellular delivery and release of DNA for efficient expression into mammalian cells. Gene 2006; 376:87-94. [PMID: 16723196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two unique and fascinating properties of carbonate apatite which are well-known in hard tissue engineering, have been unveiled, for the first time, for the development of the simplest, but most efficient non-viral gene delivery device - ability of preventing the growth of crystals needed for high frequency DNA transfer across a plasma membrane and a fast dissolution rate for effective release of DNA during endosomal acidification, leading to a remarkably high transgene expression (5 to 100-fold) in mammalian cells compared to the widely used transfecting agents. Moreover, by modulating the crystal dissolution rate of carbonate apatite through incorporation of fluoride or strontium into it, transfection activity could be dramatically controlled, thus shedding light on a new barrier in the non-viral route, which was overlooked so far. Thus we have developed an innovative technology with significant insights, that would come as a promising tool for both basic research laboratories and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Chowdhury
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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29
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Cho CS, Seo SJ, Park IK, Kim SH, Kim TH, Hoshiba T, Harada I, Akaike T. Galactose-carrying polymers as extracellular matrices for liver tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006; 27:576-85. [PMID: 16084586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays important roles in tissue engineering because cellular growth and differentiation, in the two-dimensional cell culture as well as in the three-dimensional space of the developing organism, require ECM with which the cells can interact. Especially, the bioartificial liver-assist device or regeneration of the liver-tissue substitutes for liver tissue engineering requires a suitable ECM for hepatocyte culture because hepatocytes are anchorage-dependent cells and are highly sensitive to the ECM milieu for the maintenance of their viability and differentiated functions. Galactose-carrying synthetic ECMs derived from synthetic polymers and natural polymers bind hepatocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism, resulting in enhanced hepatocyte functions. Attachment and functions of hepatocytes were affected by physico-chemical properties including ECM geometry as well as the type, density and orientation of galactose. Also, cellular environment, medium composition and dynamic culture system influenced liver-specific functions of hepatocytes beside ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cho
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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30
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Zohra FT, Chowdhury EH, Nagaoka M, Akaike T. Drastic effect of nanoapatite particles on liposome-mediated mRNA delivery to mammalian cells. Anal Biochem 2005; 345:164-6. [PMID: 16125127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F T Zohra
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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31
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Chowdhury EH, Nagaoka M, Ogiwara K, Zohra FT, Kutsuzawa K, Tada S, Kitamura C, Akaike T. Integrin-Supported Fast Rate Intracellular Delivery of Plasmid DNA by Extracellular Matrix Protein Embedded Calcium Phosphate Complexes. Biochemistry 2005; 44:12273-8. [PMID: 16156640 DOI: 10.1021/bi050595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin, play vital roles in development and maintenance of hard tissue (bone or tooth) and are, consequently, thoroughly investigated for construction of biomimetic scaffolds in combination with calcium phosphate (CaP) material (the major component of hard tissue) for bone or dental tissue engineering. Realizing the natural affinity of ECM components toward inorganic constituents of hard tissue, we successfully constructed the nanohybrids of DNA/CaP particles with either collagen 1 or fibronectin, which finally possessed the capability of specific recognition of integrin receptor for being swiftly internalized across the plasma membrane, leading to remarkably high transgene expression in mammalian cells. This new approach with precise receptor-specific delivery as well as 10- to 50-fold enhanced efficiency level compared to the classical one, has immediate applications for basic research and large scale production of recombinant therapeutic proteins and looks promising for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Chowdhury
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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32
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Takei R, Suzuki D, Hoshiba T, Nagaoka M, Seo SJ, Cho CS, Akaike T. Role of E-cadherin Molecules in Spheroid Formation of Hepatocytes Adhered on Galactose-Carrying Polymer as an Artificial Asialoglycoprotein Model. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:1149-56. [PMID: 16158256 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-8652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of E-cadherin in the spheroid formation of hepatocytes adhered on the poly(N-p-vinylbenzyl-D-lactonamide) (PVLA) as a model ligand for asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-R) of hepatocytes was studied. Expression of E-cadherin was increased in round hepatocytes adhered on a high-coating density of PVLA (100 microg/ml), and also in flat ones adhered on a low-coating density of PVLA (1 microg/ml) in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Hepatocyte spheroids formed on the high-coating density of PVLA in the presence of EGF after 48 h were inhibited by an anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody (ECCD-1). From immunofluorescence and confocal laser microscopy, E-cadherin was localized in the intercellular boundaries and concentrated at the inside surface of aggregated cells. As a result, E-cadherin could play an important role in hepatocyte assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Takei
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226-8501, Yokohama, Japan
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33
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Takei R, Seo SJ, Cho CS, Okahata Y, Akaike T. Adsorption behaviors of poly(N-p-vinylbenzyl-4-o-β-d-galactopyranosyl-[1→4]-d-gluconamide) by quartz-crystal microbalance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 42:137-40. [PMID: 15833665 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption behaviors of amphiphilic poly(N-p-vinylbenzyl-4-o-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-[1-->4]-d-gluconamide) (PVLA) on the polystyrene (PS) surface was studied using 27 MHz quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The amount of adsorbed PVLA on PS surface was increased with an increase of PVLA concentration as a Langmuir-type in a monolayer. The saturated mass change (DeltaM(max)) and association constant (K(a)) of PVLA on PS surface were 498.6 ng/cm(2) and 1.93 x 10(7)M(-1), respectively. The adsorbed PVLA on PS surface was specifically recognized by Allo A lectin due to specific interaction between galactose moieties in the PVLA and Allo A. The hydrophobic interaction between hydrophobic main chain of PVLA and hydrophobic surface of PS was reduced in the presence of urea and the diameter of PVLA aqueous solution was decreased with an increase of urea concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Takei
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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34
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Chowdhury EH, Zohra FT, Tada S, Kitamura C, Akaike T. Fibronectin in collaboration with Mg2+ enhances transgene expression by calcium phosphate coprecipitates. Anal Biochem 2005; 335:162-4. [PMID: 15519583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E H Chowdhury
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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35
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Seo SJ, Kim SH, Sasagawa T, Choi YJ, Akaike T, Cho CS. Delivery of all trans-retinoic acid (RA) to hepatocyte cell line from RA/galactosyl α-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 58:681-7. [PMID: 15451545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Revised: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
All trans-retinoic acid (RA) plays a role in regulation of P450RAI gene expression. In this study, hepatocyte cell line (HepG2) was used to study an effect of RA released from RA/galactosyl alpha-cyclodextrin (GCD) inclusion complex on regulation of P450RAI gene expression. A delivery system composed of RA/GCD inclusion complex was applied because RA is poorly water soluble, and organic solvents used to dissolve it often interfere with cytotoxicity. Solubility of RA in water was increased by forming complex with GCD. Inclusion complex between GCD and RA was checked by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical shifts of the interior and exterior GCD protons in the presence of RA indicated that the RA was included within the GCD macrocycle cavity. The carbonyl band of RA and crystalline peak of RA in RA/GCD inclusion complex disappeared from FT-IR and XRD measurements, respectively, indication of inclusion complex between RA and GCD. From the observation of fluorescence micrograph of hepatocytes and flow cytometry measurement of HepG2, the internalization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-GCD by the hepatocyte occurred. Gene expression of P450RAI in HepG2 by delivery of RA from RA/GCD complex was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Seo
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes oxidative degradation of heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and free iron. Biliverdin is subsequently reduced to bilirubin by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. Increasing evidence has indicated the critical role of HO-1 in cytoprotection and more diverse biological functions. Induction of HO-1 by various chemical inducers that are primarily cell stress inducers or by HO-1 gene transfection confers a protective capacity to cultured cells as well as to cells in several in vivo animal models. In addition, HO-1-deficient mice exhibit a significant increase in susceptibility to tissue injury. The cytoprotective action of HO-1 seems to be mainly a function of the antiapoptotic effects of the enzyme. HO-1 is believed to exert this antiapoptotic action by multiple mechanisms: (a) decreased intracellular pro-oxidant levels, (b) increased bilirubin levels, and (c) elevated CO production. CO may produce an antiapoptotic effect by inhibiting both expression of p53 and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. HO-1 may also be a target in antitumor therapy because the growth of most tumors depends on HO-1. Our preliminary studies with an HO inhibitor showed a promising antitumor effect. This preliminary work warrants continued investigation for possible novel anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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37
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Park IK, Jiang HL, Yun CH, Choi YJ, Kim SJ, Akaike T, Kim SI, Cho CS. Release of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine from Chitosan Microspheres In vitro and In vivo. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Ueda M, Saito M, Ishihara T, Akaike T, Maruyama A. Triplex formation using ODN conjugates with polycation comb-type copolymer. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2003:209-10. [PMID: 12903342 DOI: 10.1093/nass/44.1.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycation comb-type copolymer that is composed of polylysine backbone and dextran side chains (PLL-g-Dex) has previously been shown to stabilize duplex and triplex DNAs quite effectively. In this study, we have conjugated PLL-g-Dex with oligonucleotides (ODN) aiming to increase the triplex stabilizing efficiency of the copolymer. Here we have demonstrated that the copolymer-TFO conjugates selectively stabilize triplex DNA. Also its potential to form triplex DNA was found to be greater than PLL-g-Dex/ODN mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ueda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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39
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Kim WJ, Ishihara T, Akaike T, Maruyama A. Acceleration of DNA strand exchange by polycation comb-type copolymer. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2003:289-90. [PMID: 12903382 DOI: 10.1093/nass/44.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The accelerating effect of cationic substances on DNA strand exchange reaction between 20 bp DNA duplex and its complementary single strand was studied. A comb-type polycationic copolymer which is composed of poly (L-lysine) backbone and dextran graft chain (PLL-g-Dex) and known to stabilize triplex DNA expedites the strand exchange reaction under physiological relevant conditions. Electrostatically small excess of the copolymer increased DNA strand exchange rate by 300-fold while large excess of spermine or cethyltrimethylammonium bromide, cationic detergent known to promote markedly hybridization of complementary DNA strands, showed slight effect. It should be noted that the copolymer promotes the strand exchange reaction while it stabilizes double stranded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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40
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Torigoe H, Akaike T, Maruyama A. Synergistic stabilization of triplex by combination of comb-type cationic copolymer and oligo-N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2003:195-6. [PMID: 12836331 DOI: 10.1093/nass/1.1.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe rapid formation of stable pyrimidine motif triplex at physiological pH. The triplex formation was achieved by the synergistic effect of poly(L-lysine)-graft-dextran (PLL-g-Dex) copolymer and N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate (PN) backbone modification of triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO). Either the PLL-g-Dex copolymer or the PN modification alone increased the binding constant by nearly two orders of magnitude for the triplex formation at neutral pH. The combination of both stabilizing factors that was the triplex formation with the PN TFO in the presence of the copolymer increased the binding constant by nearly four orders of magnitude. The kinetic study indicated that the copolymer increased the association rate constant, whereas the PN modification decreased the dissociation rate constant. No negative interference between these stabilizing effects was observed. The kinetically orchestrated effects in which the copolymer and the PN TFO contribute to distinct ingredients in triplex equilibrium achieved the rapid formation of the stable triplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torigoe
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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41
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Abstract
We have focused on proteineus ligand conjugate with oligonucleotides (ODNs) as a cell-specific delivery vector for peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). Asialofetuin (AF), a hepatocyte-specific proteineus ligand, was conjugated with ODNs that served as binding sites for PNAs. Succinimidyl-transe-4(N-maleimidylmethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) modified AF was coupled with 5'-thiolated oligodeoxynucleotide (HS-ODN). The resulting conjugate held PNAs with sequence-specific manner. The PNA/DNA conjugate complex has resistance against nucleases in serum. The efficient release of PNA from the complex was observed when the complex was made in contact with a target nucleotide. PNA uptake to hepatocytes was greatly enhanced when hepatocytes was incubated with PNA/conjugate complex. Free AF thoroughly inhibited PNA uptake with the conjugate, evidencing asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) mediated endocytosis to be a major-route for the cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Obara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Kim WJ, Ishihara T, Akaike T, Maruyama A. Polycation graft copolymers accelerating DNA strand exchange: involvement of ionic interaction. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2003:151-2. [PMID: 12836309 DOI: 10.1093/nass/1.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study (Chem. Eur. J., 7, 176 (2001)) we demonstrated that the comb-type polycationic copolymer (PLL-g-Dex) which is composed of poly (L-lysine) backbone and dextran graft chains expedited the DNA strand exchange reaction. In this study, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was employed to explore the copolymer-mediated DNA strand exchange with higher time-resolution. To initiate strand exchange reaction the duplex prepared from 3'-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)--and 5'-carboxytetramethylrhodamine(TAMRA)-labeled complementary DNAs was added to its non-labeled complementary single strand. DNA strand exchange was monitored by observing the recovery of the FITC quenching. More than 20,000 times increase in strand exchange rate at 37 degrees C by the copolymer was estimated. To investigate the accelerating mechanisms of the copolymer, the same reactions but at various ionic strenghts were studied. With increasing ionic strengths the strand exchange rate in the absence of the copolymer increased, suggesting that ionic repulsion among DNAs is unfavorable for the strand exchange to occur. Hence, alleviation of the electrostatic repulsion through interpolyelectrolyte complex formation is probably a role of the copolymer for accelerating the strand exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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43
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Uchida T, Serizawa T, Ise H, Akaike T, Akashi M. Graft copolymer having hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic branches. 33. Interaction of hepatocytes and polystyrene nanospheres having lactose-immobilized hydrophilic polymers on their surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2003; 2:1343-6. [PMID: 11777413 DOI: 10.1021/bm0100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Park IK, Kim TH, Kim SI, Park YH, Kim WJ, Akaike T, Cho CS. Visualization of transfection of hepatocytes by galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)/DNA complexes by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Pharm 2003; 257:103-10. [PMID: 12711166 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual-labeled galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (GCP)/DNA complexes were prepared and their hepatocyte-specific delivery and cellular distribution were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The complexes were transfected into hepatocyte through specific interaction of galactose moiety of the GCP and asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) of the hepatocytes. The GCP/DNA complexes taken up by the hepatocytes were rapidly released into the cytoplasm, but nuclear trafficking of the released complexes was slow and rate-limiting process. The more efficient transfection of the complex occurred in the human-derived HepG2 cells than in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, South Korea
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45
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Tanaka S, Akaike T, Fang J, Beppu T, Ogawa M, Tamura F, Miyamoto Y, Maeda H. Antiapoptotic effect of haem oxygenase-1 induced by nitric oxide in experimental solid tumour. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:902-9. [PMID: 12644828 PMCID: PMC2377071 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may provide an important protective effect for cells against oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the mechanism of cytoprotection of HO-1 in solid tumour with a focus on the antiapoptotic activity of HO-1. Treatment of rat hepatoma AH136B cells with the HO inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) or tin protoporphyrin IX resulted in extensive apoptotic changes of tumour cells both in vivo and in vitro. Caspase-3 activity of the ZnPP IX-treated hepatoma cells increased significantly. Moreover, ZnPP IX-induced apoptosis was completely inhibited by simultaneous incubation with a specific caspase-3 inhibitor and was partially abrogated by bilirubin, a reaction product of HO. In vivo ZnPP IX treatment did not affect nitric oxide (NO) production and tumour blood flow. Western blot analyses showed that HO-1 expression in AH136B cells was strongly upregulated by NO donors, for example, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine and propylamine NONOate in vitro; conversely, it was remarkably reduced in vivo by pharmacological blockade of NOS. We conclude that HO-1 may function in antiapoptotic defense of the tumour, and thus it may have important protective and beneficial effects for tumour cells against oxidative stress induced by NO, which is produced in excess during solid tumour growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - T Akaike
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - J Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - T Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - M Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - F Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Y Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - H Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. E-mail:
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Park IK, Ihm JE, Park YH, Choi YJ, Kim SI, Kim WJ, Akaike T, Cho CS. Galactosylated chitosan (GC)-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of GC-graft-PVP/DNA complex (1). J Control Release 2003; 86:349-59. [PMID: 12526830 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Galactosylated chitosan was conjugated with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a hydrophilic group. The complex formation of GC-graft-PVP (GCPVP)/DNA complexes was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The morphology of the complex observed by atomic force microscopy had a compact and spherical shape, around 40 nm particle sizes at a charge ratio of 3. The binding strength of GCPVP 10K/DNA complex measured by ethidium bromide binding assay was superior to that of the GCPVP 50K/DNA one, probably attributable to its higher flexibility due to the smaller size, whereas the DNase I protection of GCPVP 10K/DNA complex was inferior to that of the GCPVP 50K/DNA one. This indicated that effective complex formation required both higher binding strength and minimal molecular weight of polycation enough to induce the condensation of DNA. The DNA-binding property of GCPVP mainly depended on the molecular weight of chitosan and composition of PVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, South Korea
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47
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Kim JH, Kim SH, Kim HK, Akaike T, Kim SC. Adhesion and growth of endothelial cell on amphiphilic PU/PS IPN surface: effect of amphiphilic balance and immobilized collagen. J Biomed Mater Res 2002; 62:613-21. [PMID: 12221710 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since natural blood vessels are lined with an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer, it is proposed that synthetic biomaterial surfaces be covered or seeded with endothelial cells for ideal nonthrombogenicity under normal conditions. The effects of the surface energy of hydrophilic-hydrophobic IPN on EC adhesion and growth were investigated. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on polyurethane (PU)/polystyrene (PS) IPN prepared by changing only the amphiphilic balance and controlling the microphase separated surface structure. The collagens were immobilized on the IPN surfaces for enhanced adhesion of HUVECs, and the morphology of the collagens immobilized highly depended on the surface energy of the IPNs. The stranded rope structure of the collagen molecules in the solution state was maintained only on the surface of the IPN with intermediate hydrophilicity. The adhesion and the proliferation of ECs on the nontreated IPN surfaces increased by increasing the hydrophobicity of the IPNs, and they were optimized on the collagen-treated IPN surface having an intermediate hydrophilicity. Finally, platelet adhesion was significantly reduced on the EC-hybridized surface of the IPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Center for Advanced functional Polymers, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea
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48
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Ishizuka K, Kimura T, Yoshitake J, Akaike T, Shono M, Takamatsu J, Katsuragi S, Kitamura T, Miyakawa T. Possible assessment for antioxidant capacity in Alzheimer's disease by measuring lymphocyte heme oxygenase-1 expression with real-time RT-PCR. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 977:173-8. [PMID: 12480749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ishizuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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49
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Sahoo SK, Sawa T, Fang J, Tanaka S, Miyamoto Y, Akaike T, Maeda H. Pegylated zinc protoporphyrin: a water-soluble heme oxygenase inhibitor with tumor-targeting capacity. Bioconjug Chem 2002; 13:1031-8. [PMID: 12236785 DOI: 10.1021/bc020010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a key enzyme in heme metabolism; it oxidatively degrades heme to biliverdin, accompanied by formation of free iron and carbon monoxide. Biliverdin is subsequently reduced by cytosolic biliverdin reductase to form bilirubin, a potent antioxidant. We recently found that tumor cells utilize HO to protect themselves from oxidative stress by producing the antioxidant bilirubin. This result suggested an important potential therapeutic strategy: suppression of bilirubin production with the use of HO inhibitors; hence, cancer cells become vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by anticancer drugs or leukocytes of the host. This concept was validated by using the intraarterial administration of an HO inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin, in nonphysiological solution. In the present study, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) was conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with molecular weight of 5000, to make ZnPP, a water-soluble compound (PEG-ZnPP), and to improve its tumor-targeting efficiency. PEG was conjugated to ZnPP through newly introduced amino groups, where ethylenediamine residues were added at C6 and C7 of protoporphyrin. The divalent zinc cation was chelated into the protoporphyrin ring to obtain PEG-ZnPP. PEG-ZnPP did become highly water-soluble, and it formed multimolecular associations with molecules larger than 70 kDa in aqueous media. PEG-ZnPP inhibited splenic microsomal HO activity in vitro in a competitive manner in the presence of hemin, with an apparent inhibitory constant of 0.12 microM. Most important, PEG-ZnPP injected intravenously significantly suppressed intratumor HO activity in a murine solid tumor model, which suggests that tumor-targeted inhibition of HO is possible with the use of PEG-ZnPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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50
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Goto M, Makino Y, Kobayashi K, Cho CS, Akaike T. Hepatocyte attachment onto thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-p-vinylbenzyl-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-D-gluconamide). J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2002; 12:755-68. [PMID: 11587039 DOI: 10.1163/156856201750411648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Temperature sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAM) was incorporated into hepatocyte-recognizable poly[N-p-vinylbenzyl-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-D-gluconamide] (PVLA) for thermal modulating of hepatocyte attachment. The copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-p-vinylbenzyl-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-D-gluconamide) (abbreviated as [P(IPAAM-co-VLA)] (PIPAAM/PVLA = 9/1 in mol%) exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 34 degrees C and also showed very good hepatocytes-recognizablility through the specific interaction between asialoglycoprotein receptors on the cell surfaces and galactose moiety of the copolymer. The cells attached on this copolymer were easily detached by lowering the temperature below the LCST of the copolymer. Morphological damage of the detached cell was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goto
- BioQuest Research Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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