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Kinoshita Y, Miyakawa T, Xu X, Tokunaga M. Long-distance polarizing microscope system combined with solenoid-type magnet for microscopy and simultaneous measurement of physical parameters. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:073702. [PMID: 35922319 DOI: 10.1063/5.0094747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a long-distance polarizing microscope system combined with a solenoid-type superconducting magnet. By inserting an infinity-corrected objective lens into the magnet, direct or polarizing microscope images are observed in magnetic fields of up to 12 T at various temperatures down to 2 K. Through magneto-optical measurements in the transmission geometry, the local magnetization process of a transparent magnet is evaluated in areas of 10 × 10 µm2. This system enables simultaneous measurements of other physical properties over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. The basic principle of the proposed long-distance microscopy can be applied to imaging experiments in various research fields, particularly biology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kinoshita
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Miyakawa
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - X Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - M Tokunaga
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Asada-Utsugi M, Uemura K, Kubota M, Noda Y, Tashiro Y, Uemura TM, Yamakado H, Urushitani M, Takahashi R, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Ageta-Ishihara N, Kobayashi K, Kinoshita M, Kinoshita A. Mice with cleavage-resistant N-cadherin exhibit synapse anomaly in the hippocampus and outperformance in spatial learning tasks. Mol Brain 2021; 14:23. [PMID: 33494786 PMCID: PMC7831172 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that stabilizes excitatory synapses, by connecting pre- and post-synaptic termini. Upon NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation by glutamate, membrane-proximal domains of N-cadherin are cleaved serially by a-disintegrin-and-metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and then presenilin 1(PS1, catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase complex). To assess the physiological significance of the initial N-cadherin cleavage, we engineer the mouse genome to create a knock-in allele with tandem missense mutations in the mouse N-cadherin/Cadherin-2 gene (Cdh2 R714G, I715D, or GD) that confers resistance on proteolysis by ADAM10 (GD mice). GD mice showed a better performance in the radial maze test, with significantly less revisiting errors after intervals of 30 and 300 s than WT, and a tendency for enhanced freezing in fear conditioning. Interestingly, GD mice reveal higher complexity in the tufts of thorny excrescence in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Fine morphometry with serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction reveals significantly higher synaptic density, significantly smaller PSD area, and normal dendritic spine volume in GD mice. This knock-in mouse has provided in vivo evidence that ADAM10-mediated cleavage is a critical step in N-cadherin shedding and degradation and involved in the structure and function of glutamatergic synapses, which affect the memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Asada-Utsugi
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-Cho Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192 Japan
| | - K. Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Kubota
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Noda
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Tashiro
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. M. Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-Cho Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192 Japan
| | - R. Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S. Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192 Japan
| | - T. Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192 Japan
| | - N. Ageta-Ishihara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - K. Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - M. Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - A. Kinoshita
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Miyakawa T, Onaya H, Hirabayashi K, Shirakawa H, Tomikawa M, Ozawa I, Hishinuma S, Ogata Y. Hepatocyte transporter expression in liver metastasis: not correlated with the signal intensity pattern on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance images. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ogon I, Takebayashi T, Miyakawa T, Iwase T, Tanimoto K, Terashima Y, Jimbo S, Kobayashi T, Tohse N, Yamashita T. Attenuation of pain behaviour by local administration of alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists to dorsal root ganglia in a rat radiculopathy model. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:790-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ogon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - T. Takebayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - T. Miyakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - T. Iwase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - K. Tanimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - Y. Terashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - S. Jimbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - N. Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - T. Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine; Japan
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Hagihara H, Horikawa T, Nakamura HK, Shoji H, Kamitani Y, Miyakawa T. [JSNP Excellent Presentation Award for CINP20 14]. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 35:49-50. [PMID: 26027068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Kawamoto S, Takasu M, Miyakawa T, Morikawa R, Oda T, Saito H, Futaki S, Nagao H, Shinoda W. Free Energy of Cell-Penetrating Peptide through Lipid Bilayer Membrane: Coarse-Grained Model Simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5297-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Kubonoya K, Furukawa S, Machida T, Miyakawa T, Hisamatsu M, Sekine K, Takemura H, Sato K. W280 A 30-YEAR CASE STUDY BASED ON 64,528 BREECH PRESENTATIONS; CHANGES IN DELIVERY MODE AND INFANT MORTALITY. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)62003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Iwase T, Takebayashi T, Tanimoto K, Terashima Y, Miyakawa T, Kobayashi T, Tohse N, Yamashita T. Sympathectomy attenuates excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and pain behaviour in a lumbar radiculopathy model. Bone Joint Res 2012; 1:198-204. [PMID: 23610691 PMCID: PMC3626214 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.19.2000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In order to elucidate the influence of sympathetic nerves on
lumbar radiculopathy, we investigated whether sympathectomy attenuated
pain behaviour and altered the electrical properties of the dorsal
root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of lumbar root constriction. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups.
In the root constriction group, the left L5 spinal nerve root was
ligated proximal to the DRG as a lumbar radiculopathy model. In
the root constriction + sympathectomy group, sympathectomy was performed
after the root constriction procedure. In the control group, no
procedures were performed. In order to evaluate the pain relief
effect of sympathectomy, behavioural analysis using mechanical and
thermal stimulation was performed. In order to evaluate the excitability
of the DRG neurons, we recorded action potentials of the isolated
single DRG neuron by the whole-cell patch-clamp method. Results In behavioural analysis, sympathectomy attenuated the mechanical
allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia caused by lumbar root constriction.
In electrophysiological analysis, single isolated DRG neurons with
root constriction exhibited lower threshold current, more depolarised
resting membrane potential, prolonged action potential duration,
and more depolarisation frequency. These hyperexcitable alterations
caused by root constriction were significantly attenuated in rats
treated with surgical sympathectomy. Conclusion The present results suggest that sympathectomy attenuates lumbar
radicular pain resulting from root constriction by altering the
electrical property of the DRG neuron itself. Thus, the sympathetic
nervous system was closely associated with lumbar radicular pain,
and suppressing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system may therefore
lead to pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iwase
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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Wess J, Duttaroy A, Zhang W, Gomeza J, Cui Y, Miyakawa T, Bymaster FP, Mckinzie L, Felder CC, Lamping KG, Faraci FM, Deng C, Yamada M. M 1 -M 5 Muscarinic Receptor Knockout Mice as Novel Tools to Study the Physiological Roles of the Muscarinic Cholinergic System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10606820308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Verma RL, Kondo Y, Oshima N, Matsui H, Kita K, Sahu LK, Kato S, Kajii Y, Takami A, Miyakawa T. Seasonal variations of the transport of black carbon and carbon monoxide from the Asian continent to the western Pacific in the boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Verma
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Oshima
- Meteorological Research Institute; Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Matsui
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Mito Japan
| | - L. K. Sahu
- Physical Research Laboratory; Ahmedabad India
| | - S. Kato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kajii
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Takami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - T. Miyakawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Horita S, Kataoka M, Kitamura N, Miyakawa T, Ohtsuka J, Nagata K, Shimizu S, Tanokura M. Structural basis of different substrate preferences of yeast old yellow enzymes. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311083954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sagata N, Iwaki A, Aramaki T, Takao K, Kura S, Tsuzuki T, Kawakami R, Ito I, Kitamura T, Sugiyama H, Miyakawa T, Fukumaki Y. Comprehensive behavioural study of GluR4 knockout mice: implication in cognitive function. Genes Brain Behav 2011; 9:899-909. [PMID: 20662939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fast excitatory transmission in the mammalian central nervous system is mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors. The tetrameric AMPA receptor complexes are composed of four subunits, GluR1-4. The GluR4 subunit is highly expressed in the cerebellum and the early postnatal hippocampus and is thought to be involved in synaptic plasticity and the development of functional neural circuitry through the recruitment of other AMPA receptor subunits. Previously, we reported an association of the human GluR4 gene (GRIA4) with schizophrenia. To examine the role of the GluR4 subunit in the higher brain function, we generated GluR4 knockout mice and conducted electrophysiological and behavioural analyses. The mutant mice showed normal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The GluR4 knockout mice showed mildly improved spatial working memory in the T-maze test. Although the retention of spatial reference memory was intact in the mutant mice, the acquisition of spatial reference memory was impaired in the Barnes circular maze test. The GluR4 knockout mice showed impaired prepulse inhibition. These results suggest the involvement of the GluR4 subunit in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sagata
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Genetic Information, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fujii H, Watanabe Y, Ueki A, Ohno A, Kato M, Kondo K, Takamura H, Takesue M, Nishimura H, Matsuda D, Miyakawa T. An increased dose of insulin detemir improves glycaemic control and reduces body weight of Japanese patients with diabetes. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64:1512-1519. [PMID: 20678116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir as a basal insulin switching from neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH) and insulin glargine in patients with diabetes on an intensive insulin therapy regimen. METHODS This 6-month multicentre, prospective, treat-to-target [glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) less than 6.5%] trial included 92 people with diabetes (61 type 1, 29 type 2 and two unknown diabetes types). Detemir was administered first with fixed dose and injection times and then adapted to optimal dose after 3 months. RESULTS Mean HbA(1c) (%) of all the subjects at months 4 to 6 of the study was improved compared with month 0 (7.34 ± 0.87, 7.28 ± 0.88, 7.25 ± 0.93 vs. 7.55 ± 1.18; p < 0.05 paired t-test). However, significant improvement was seen only among the patients who had previously used NPH as a basal insulin. Twice-daily injection of basal insulin increased among people in the type 1 previously injected insulin glargine. Total insulin dose increased in the type 1 glargine group. The mean body weight change in the highest quartile body mass index (BMI) group was from 70.7 to 69.3 kg over the 6 months. Quality of life (QoL) relating to the patients' glycaemic control tended to improve without a change in frequency of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that insulin detemir has a greater effect on glycaemic control in subjects with poor glycaemic control using NPH; can reduce or maintain body weight in obese patients; and obtains perceptive stability for patients with unstable glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fujii
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Ueki
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Ohno
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kato
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Takamura
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Takesue
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nishimura
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Matsuda
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Miyakawa
- Tama-center Mirai Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKato Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanKondo Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakamura Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanTakesue Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHaru Clinic, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, JapanHigashiYamato Hospital, Ochiai, Tama-city, Tokyo, Japan
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Fujita E, Dai H, Tanabe Y, Zhiling Y, Yamagata T, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M, Momoi MY, Momoi T. Autism spectrum disorder is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by mutations in the synaptic cell adhesion molecule, CADM1. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e47. [PMID: 21364653 PMCID: PMC3032316 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown molecular pathogenesis. A recent molecular focus has been the mutated neuroligin 3, neuroligin 3(R451C), in gain-of-function studies and for its role in induced impairment of synaptic function, but endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by mutated molecules also deserves investigation. We previously found two missense mutations, H246N and Y251S, in the gene-encoding synaptic cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) in ASD patients, including cleavage of the mutated CADM1 and its intracellular accumulation. In this study, we found that the mutated CADM1 showed slightly reduced homophilic interactions in vitro but that most of its interactions persist. The mutated CADM1 also showed morphological abnormalities, including shorter dendrites, and impaired synaptogenesis in neurons. Wild-type CADM1 was partly localized to the ER of C2C5 cells, whereas mutated CADM1 mainly accumulated in the ER despite different sensitivities toward 4-phenyl butyric acid with chemical chaperone activity and rapamycin with promotion activity for degradation of the aggregated protein. Modeling analysis suggested a direct relationship between the mutations and the conformation alteration. Both mutated CADM1 and neuroligin 3(R451C) induced upregulation of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), an ER stress marker, suggesting that in addition to the trafficking impairment, this CHOP upregulation may also be involved in ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fujita
- Division of Differentiation and Development, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Newton JR, Ellsworth C, Miyakawa T, Tonegawa S, Sur M. C-fos expression and accelerated visual cued fear conditioning in mice with visual input directed to the auditory thalamus. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.9.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Miyazaki Y, Kondo Y, Shiraiwa M, Takegawa N, Miyakawa T, Han S, Kita K, Hu M, Deng ZQ, Zhao Y, Sugimoto N, Blake DR, Weber RJ. Chemical characterization of water-soluble organic carbon aerosols at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta, China, in the summer of 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Takegawa N, Miyakawa T, Kuwata M, Kondo Y, Zhao Y, Han S, Kita K, Miyazaki Y, Deng Z, Xiao R, Hu M, van Pinxteren D, Herrmann H, Hofzumahaus A, Holland F, Wahner A, Blake DR, Sugimoto N, Zhu T. Variability of submicron aerosol observed at a rural site in Beijing in the summer of 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Miyakawa T. Alpha-CAMKII Deficiency Causes Immature Dentate Gyrus, a Novel Candidate Endophenotype of Psychiatric Disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the neural and genetic factors underlying psychiatric illness is hampered by current methods of clinical diagnosis. The identification and investigation of clinical endophenotypes may be one solution, but represents a considerable challenge in human subjects. Here I show that mice heterozygous for a null mutation of the alpha-isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II have profoundly dysregulated behaviours and impaired neuronal development in the dentate gyrus (DG). The behavioral abnormalities include a severe working memory deficit and an exaggerated infradian rhythm, which are similar to symptoms seen in schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus of these mutants revealed that the expression levels of more than 2000 genes were changed. Whereas BrdU incorporated cells in the mutant mouse DG was increased by more than 50 percent, the number of mature neuronsw as dramatically decreased. Morphological and physiological features of the DG neurons in the mutants were strikingly similar to those of immature DG neurons in normal rodents. Statistical clustering of human post-mortem brains using 10 genes derived from the mutant mice were used to classify individuals into two clusters, one of which contained 16 of 18 schizophrenic patients. Nearly half of the differentially-expressed probes in the schizophrenia-enriched cluster encoded genes that are involved in neurogenesis or in neuronal migration/maturation, including calbindin, a marker for mature DG neurons. Based on these results, we propose that an “immature DG” in adulthood might serve as a promising candidate endophenotype of schizophrenia and other human psychiatric disorders.
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Miyakawa T, Takegawa N, Kondo Y. Photochemical evolution of submicron aerosol chemical composition in the Tokyo megacity region in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kek KJ, Miyakawa T, Yoneyama S, Kudo N, Yamamoto K. Simulation of exercise-dependent difference in metabolism with a mathematical model for analyses of measurements using near-infrared spectroscopy. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:5101-4. [PMID: 17946676 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a useful technique for noninvasive measurement of muscle oxygenation. However, analyses of the dynamic changes in muscle metabolism based only on experimental observations of NIRS are difficult. Therefore, we constructed a mathematical model of muscle metabolism, comprising of the ATP synthesizing systems and O2 diffusion system, to identify the mechanisms responsible for those observations. A customized NIRS instrument was used to measure the changes in muscle oxygenation of the forearm flexor muscles during intermittent and continuous isometric flexion exercises when healthy male subjects participated in exercises tests. The exercise-dependent difference in changes could be distinguished and the simulated results agreed well with that measured experimentally. Although the contraction intensity for both exercises was identical, the magnitude of energy needed to perform the respective exercises was different. This difference was reflected by the changes in the ATP synthesizing systems, in which the energy needed during the latter-half of continuous exercise was mostly supplied by anaerobic system, whereas that during intermittent exercise was supplied by the aerobic and anaerobic systems that operated synergistically. From the results, we conclude that the model could be a useful tool for the elucidation of the relationship between experimental observations of NIRS and muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kek
- Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Miyakawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Kek K, Samizo M, Miyakawa T, Kudo N, Yamamoto K. Imaging of Regional Differences of Muscle Oxygenation during Exercise Using Spatially Resolved NIRS. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2005:2622-5. [PMID: 17282776 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1617007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of imaging systems using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has enabled noninvasive measurement of regional changes in muscle oxygenation. A spatially resolved NIRS (SR-NIRS) imaging instrument was utilized for real-time measurement of spatial-temporal changes in muscle oxygenation during exercises. Changes in muscle oxygenation and localized O<inf>2</inf>consumption in the quadriceps muscle were measured during sustained isometric knee extension without and with leg-press to the ground exercises. In the former exercise, the level of tissue oxygen saturation (TOS) of the rectus femoris (RF) muscle was found to be lower than that of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. The highest localized O<inf>2</inf>consumption rate, VO<inf>2</inf>, reflecting the localization in distribution of muscle metabolism, was detected in the RF muscle at the initial stage of exercise. As exercise progressed, VO<inf>2</inf>of the RF muscle decreased whereas that of the VL and VM muscles increased. In contrast, TOS decreased to about the same level for the VL, RF and VM muscles in the latter exercise. Also, VO<inf>2</inf>of all three muscles decreased as exercise progressed. Initial results demonstrated that the SR-NIRS instrument enables measurement of regional differences in muscle oxygenation in the quadriceps muscle during different exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kek
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Sapporo, 060-0814 Japan
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23
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Miyakawa T, Morinushi T, Yamasaki Y. Reproducibility of a method for analysis of morphological changes in perioral soft tissue in children using video cameras. J Oral Rehabil 2006; 33:202-8. [PMID: 16512886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the appropriate reference facial expression and to examine the reproducibility of our system using two commercially available video cameras in consideration of functional diagnosis of perioral muscles. The following items were investigated: 1) influence of forward and backward movements and the experiment sequence from measurement to analysis, 2) usefulness of head fixation by a restraining device during video recording for evaluation of morphological changes in facial expression, 3) conditions for establishment of reference points for determination of movements of perioral soft tissue, and 4) reproducibility of perioral soft tissue movements as assessed by changes in landmarks. The results of this study showed that accurate static and dynamic evaluation of perioral soft tissue is possible by using our method of video recording with the subject's head restrained and our method of analysis. The results also showed that centric occlusion of the most appropriate reference facial expression as for measurement of perioral soft tissue movements and that protrusion of the lips and lateral extension of the angel of the mouth are facial expressions with high degrees of reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Dental School, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
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Morino Y, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Miyazaki Y, Kita K, Komazaki Y, Fukuda M, Miyakawa T, Moteki N, Worsnop DR. Partitioning of HNO3and particulate nitrate over Tokyo: Effect of vertical mixing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Kondo Y, Komazaki Y, Miyazaki Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Kodama D, Deguchi S, Nogami M, Fukuda M, Miyakawa T, Morino Y, Koike M, Sakurai H, Ehara K. Temporal variations of elemental carbon in Tokyo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Takegawa N, Miyakawa T, Kondo Y, Jimenez JL, Zhang Q, Worsnop DR, Fukuda M. Seasonal and diurnal variations of submicron organic aerosol in Tokyo observed using the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Tsutsumi M, Miyakawa T, Ishikawa S, Matsumura T, Shiina T, Miyanaga N, Akaza H. Real-time tissue elasticity imaging (Elastography) for prostate cancer detection. Urology 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Yamashiro C, Miyakawa T, Furuya S, Kamiyama H, Izuta M, Kato Y. Chromosomal analysis of villous tissues obtained from spontaneous abortions after ART. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Miyakawa T, Matsushita S, Nishioka N, Higuchi S. CLINICAL CORRELATES OF THE ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME IN JAPANESE ALCOHOLICS. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00000374-200408002-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Wess J, Duttaroy A, Zhang W, Gomeza J, Cui Y, Miyakawa T, Bymaster FP, McKinzie L, Felder CC, Lamping KG, Faraci FM, Deng C, Yamada M. M1-M5 muscarinic receptor knockout mice as novel tools to study the physiological roles of the muscarinic cholinergic system. Recept Channels 2004; 9:279-90. [PMID: 12893539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) play critical roles in regulating the activity of many important functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, identification of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the individual mAChR subtypes (M(1)-M(5)) has proven a difficult task, primarily due to the lack of ligands endowed with a high degree of receptor subtype selectivity and the fact that most tissues and organs express multiple mAChRs. To circumvent these difficulties, we used gene targeting technology to generate mutant mouse lines containing inactivating mutations of the M(1)-M(5) mAChR genes. The different mAChR mutant mice and the corresponding wild-type control animals were subjected to a battery of physiological, pharmacological, behavioral, biochemical, and neurochemical tests. The M(1)-M(5) mAChR mutant mice were viable and reproduced normally. However, each mutant line displayed specific functional deficits, suggesting that each mAChR subtype mediates distinct physiological functions. These results should offer new perspectives for the rational development of novel muscarinic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wess
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Abstract
A patient had triple extramammary Paget's disease of both axillary and genital regions. Right inguinal lymphadenopathy was found 1 year after excision of all the skin lesions. Excisional biopsy of the lymph node demonstrated a mixture of Paget cells and atypical squamoid cells with horn pearls suggestive of keratinization. The squamoid cells were positive for cytokeratin 10, a marker of suprabasal epidermis, and also positive for laminin gamma2 which is often expressed in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The coexistence of these different cells within the same tumour island suggested that the squamoid cells derived from metaplasia of Paget cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyakawa
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba city 260-8670, Japan
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Yamada M, Wess J, Duttaroy A, Zhang W, Gomeza J, Cui Y, Miyakawa T, Bymaster FP, McKinzie L, Felder CC, Lamping KG, Faraci FM, Deng C. M 1 -M 5 Muscarinic Receptor Knockout Mice as Novel Tools to Study the Physiological Roles of the Muscarinic Cholinergic System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10606820308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Ishizuka K, Kimura T, Yoshitake J, Akaike T, Shono M, Takamatsu J, Katsuragi S, Kitamura T, Miyakawa T. Possible assessment for antioxidant capacity in Alzheimer's disease by measuring lymphocyte heme oxygenase-1 expression with real-time RT-PCR. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 977:173-8. [PMID: 12480749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ishizuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Miyakawa T, Yared E, Pak JH, Huang FL, Huang KP, Crawley JN. Neurogranin null mutant mice display performance deficits on spatial learning tasks with anxiety related components. Hippocampus 2002; 11:763-75. [PMID: 11811671 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurogranin/RC3 is a protein that binds calmodulin and serves as a substrate for protein kinase C. Neuronally distributed in the hippocampus and forebrain, neurogranin is highly expressed in dendritic spines of hippocampal pyramidal cells, implicating this protein in long-term potentiation and in learning and memory processes. Null mutation of the neurogranin gene Ng generated viable knockout mice for analysis of the behavioral phenotype resulting from the absence of neurogranin protein. Ng -/- mice were normal on measures of general health, neurological reflexes, sensory abilities, and motor functions, as compared to wild type littermate controls. On the Morris water task, Ng -/- mice failed to reach acquisition criterion on the hidden platform test and did not show selective search on the probe trial. In the Barnes circular maze, another test for spatial navigation learning, Ng -/- mice showed impairments on some components of transfer, but normal performance on time spent around the target hole. Abnormal and idiosyncratic behaviors were detected, that appeared to represent an anxiogenic phenotype in Ng -/- mice, as measured in the light<-->dark exploration test and the open field center time parameter. These findings of apparent deficits in spatial learning and anxiety-like tendencies in Ng -/- support a role for neurogranin in the hippocampally-mediated interaction between stress and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyakawa
- Section on Behavioral Neuropharmacology, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1375, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ariga
- Department of Human Gene Therapy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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Zeng H, Chattarji S, Barbarosie M, Rondi-Reig L, Philpot BD, Miyakawa T, Bear MF, Tonegawa S. Forebrain-specific calcineurin knockout selectively impairs bidirectional synaptic plasticity and working/episodic-like memory. Cell 2001; 107:617-29. [PMID: 11733061 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent protein phosphatase that has been implicated in various aspects of synaptic plasticity. By using conditional gene-targeting techniques, we created mice in which calcineurin activity is disrupted specifically in the adult forebrain. At hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, LTD was significantly diminished, and there was a significant shift in the LTD/LTP modification threshold in mutant mice. Strikingly, although performance was normal in hippocampus-dependent reference memory tasks, including contextual fear conditioning and the Morris water maze, the mutant mice were impaired in hippocampus-dependent working and episodic-like memory tasks, including the delayed matching-to-place task and the radial maze task. Our results define a critical role for calcineurin in bidirectional synaptic plasticity and suggest a novel mechanistic distinction between working/episodic-like memory and reference memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zeng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Center for Learning & Memory, Departments of Biology and Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Maeda K, Yoshimura K, Shibayama S, Habashita H, Tada H, Sagawa K, Miyakawa T, Aoki M, Fukushima D, Mitsuya H. Novel low molecular weight spirodiketopiperazine derivatives potently inhibit R5 HIV-1 infection through their antagonistic effects on CCR5. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:35194-200. [PMID: 11454872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105670200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel low molecular weight spirodiketopiperazine derivatives which potently inhibit R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection through their antagonistic effects on CCR5 were identified. One such compound E913 (M(r) 484) specifically blocked the binding of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) to CCR5 (IC(50) 0.002 microm) and MIP-1alpha-elicited cellular Ca(2+) mobilization (IC(50) approximately 0.02 microm). E913 potently inhibited the replication of laboratory and primary R5 HIV-1 strains as well as various multidrug-resistant monocyte/macrophage tropic (R5) HIV-1 at IC(50) values of 0.03 to 0.06 microm. E913 was inactive against T cell tropic (X4) HIV-1; however, when combined with a CXCR4 antagonist AMD-3100, E913 potently and synergistically inhibited the replication of dualtropic HIV-1 and a 50:50 mixture of R5 and X4 HIV-1. Antagonism in anti-HIV-1 activity was not seen when E913 was combined with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine or protease inhibitors. E913 proved to compete with the binding of antibodies to CCR5 which recognize the C-terminal half of the second extracellular loop (ECL2B) of CCR5. E913 and its analogs are acid-resistant and orally bioavailable in rodents. These data warrant that spirodiketopiperazine derivatives be further developed as potential therapeutics for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maeda
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Hosotani T, Koyama H, Uchino M, Miyakawa T, Tsuchiya E. PKC1, a protein kinase C homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, participates in microtubule function through the yeast EB1 homologue, BIM1. Genes Cells 2001; 6:775-88. [PMID: 11554924 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RSC is a chromatin-remodelling complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential for growth. Its catalytic subunit is encoded by the NPS1/STH1 gene. At the present time, little is known regarding the cellular function of RSC. RESULTS To identify genes with functions related to NPS1, we screened high-copy suppressor genes for the temperature- and thiabendazole (TBZ)-sensitive mutant allele of NPS1, nps1-105. Amongst the suppressors we cloned PKC1/STT1 and BIM1 that encoded a homologue of mammalian protein kinase C and a conserved microtubule binding protein homologous to human EB1, respectively. Both the temperature sensitive mutation of PKC1, stt1, and the bim1 null mutation caused synthetic growth defects with nps1-105. A genetic analysis of the functional relationships between these genes revealed that PKC1 suppressed the defect of nps1-105 through the BIM1 function but not by the activation of the MPK1/MAPK pathway. The stt1 mutation alone showed TBZ sensitivity and delayed the G2-phase progression at semi-permissive temperatures. Both of these stt1 phenotypes were suppressed by the over-expression of BIM1. In addition, stt1 as well as nps1-105, mis-segregated a mini-chromosome at frequencies higher than the wild-type at a permissive temperature. The mis-segregation was enhanced in the nps1-105 stt1 double mutant. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Pkc1p plays a role which is relevant to microtubule functions and that this role is mediated by a hitherto unknown PKC signalling pathway and by Bim1p
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hosotani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8527
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Miyoshi K, Miyakawa T, Mizuta K. Repression of rRNA synthesis due to a secretory defect requires the C-terminal silencing domain of Rap1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:3297-303. [PMID: 11504866 PMCID: PMC55856 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.16.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A secretory defect causes specific transcriptional repression of both ribosomal protein and ribosomal RNA genes, suggesting the coupling of plasma membrane and ribosome syntheses. We previously reported that the rap1-17 allele, which produced C-terminally truncated Rap1p, derepressed transcription of ribosomal protein genes when the secretory pathway was blocked. In this paper, we demonstrate that the rap1-17 mutation also leads to significant attenuation of transcriptional repression of rRNA genes due to a secretory defect. In contrast, the rap1-2 temperature-sensitive allele containing a unique missense mutation in the middle of the coding sequence has only a weak effect on repression. These results suggest that the C-terminal silencing domain of Rap1p is required for transcriptional repression of rDNA in response to a secretory defect. We also demonstrated that transcriptional regulation of ribosomal protein genes in response to nitrogen limitation was not affected by the rap1-17 allele, suggesting that the mechanism of nitrogen response is distinct from that of the secretory response.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Fungal Proteins/chemistry
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Nitrogen/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Fungal/analysis
- RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
- Shelterin Complex
- Telomere-Binding Proteins
- Temperature
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences and Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Amano K, Katsuragi S, Takamatsu J, Ogata A, Miyazaki C, Deshimaru M, Miyakawa T. Differences between the tolerance characteristics of two anticonvulsant benzodiazepines in the amygdaloid-kindled rat. Life Sci 2001; 69:1049-55. [PMID: 11508647 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of chronic treatment by dipotassium clorazepate and diazepam using amygdaloid-kindled rats were investigated. Dipotassium clorazepate (5 mg/kg) or diazepam (5 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered for 10 consecutive days. Tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of dipotassium clorazepate developed in seizure stage on day 6, after-discharge duration on day 7 and seizure latency on day 4. In contrast, tolerance to the effects of diazepam developed more rapidly in seizure stage on day 4, after-discharge duration on day 4 and seizure latency on day 3. Thus tolerance to the anticonvulsive effect of dipotassium clorazepate developed relatively slower than that to diazepam. All rats had stage 5 convulsions 24 hr after cessation of the administration of dipotassium clorazepate and diazepam. Concomitant determinations of plasma concentrations of the main metabolite of dipotassium clorazepate and diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, showed no statistical difference during treatment, suggesting that the developed tolerance was not metabolic but functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amano
- Department of Psychiatry, Kikuchi National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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Miyakawa T, Yamada M, Duttaroy A, Wess J. Hyperactivity and intact hippocampus-dependent learning in mice lacking the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. J Neurosci 2001; 21:5239-50. [PMID: 11438599 PMCID: PMC6762828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family are thought to play key roles in the regulation of a large number of important functions of the CNS. However, the precise roles of the individual muscarinic receptor subtypes in modulating these processes are not well understood at present, primarily because of the lack of ligands with sufficient receptor subtype selectivity. To investigate the behavioral significance of the M(1) muscarinic receptor (M(1)R), which is abundantly expressed in the forebrain, we subjected M(1) receptor-deficient mice (M(1)R(-/-) mice) to a battery of behavioral tests. M(1)R(-/-) mice showed no significant impairments in neurological reflexes, motor coordination, pain sensitivity, and prepulse inhibition. Strikingly, however, M(1)R(-/-) mice consistently exhibited a pronounced increase in locomotor activity in various tests, including open field, elevated plus maze, and light/dark transition tests. Moreover, M(1)R(-/-) mice showed reduced immobilization in the Porsolt forced swim test and reduced levels of freezing after inescapable footshocks, suggesting that M(1)R(-/-) mice are hyperactive under stressful conditions as well. An increased number of social contacts was observed in a social interaction test. Surprisingly, M(1)R(-/-) mice displayed no significant cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze and in contextual fear conditioning. M(1)R(-/-) mice showed slight performance deficits in auditory-cued fear conditioning and in an eight-arm radial maze, most likely because of the hyperactivity phenotype displayed by the M(1)R(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that M(1) muscarinic receptors play an important role in the regulation of locomotor activity but appear to be less critical for cognitive processes, as generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyakawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, USA
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Osaku M, Ueda M, Miyakawa T, Toyoda H, Uesato K, Yamada Y, Asanuma F, Ando N, Ozawa S, Kitagawa Y, Kitajima M. Correlation between EGF receptor expression and peplomycin cytotoxicity in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oncol Rep 2001; 8:855-60. [PMID: 11410798 DOI: 10.3892/or.8.4.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sensitivity to anti-cancer agents and EGF receptor expression on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells was investigated. The cytotoxicity of peplomycin (PEP) was correlated with the number of the EGF receptors expressed on the cancer cells, but no correlations were found between the cytotoxicity of adriamycin and cisplatin and EGF receptors. Addition of TNFalpha increased the number of EGF receptors in the SCC cell lines 1.5- to 2-fold. The cytotoxic effect of combined administration of PEP and TNFalpha was correlated with the number of EGF receptors, and produced a 2- to 5-fold increase in IC50 compared with administration of PEP alone. These observations suggest that EGF receptor expression is closely associated with the cytotoxic effect of PEP on SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osaku
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
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Abstract
Fyn tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in the limbic system and mice lacking Fyn tyrosine kinase showed increased fearfulness in a variety of tests for anxiety-related behaviors. To investigate the possible role of Fyn tyrosine kinase in aggression, we assessed the aggressive behaviors of the mice lacking the Fyn tyrosine kinase using the resident-intruder and restraint-induced target biting paradigms. The percentage of Fyn-deficient mice that attacked an inanimate target in a restraint tube was higher than that of the control mice. On the contrary, in the resident-intruder paradigm, the percentage of Fyn-deficient mice that attacked the intruder was lower and the Fyn-deficient mice showed a longer latency to attack an intruder. These results suggest a distinct role of Fyn tyrosine kinase in enhancing the offensive aggression and decreasing the defensive aggression. A possible influence of anxiety-phenotype of the Fyn-deficient mice on their abnormal aggressive behavior was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyakawa
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Emotion, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Saitama-ken, Japan
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Miyakawa T, Yamada S, Harada S, Ishimori T, Yamamoto H, Hosono R. Exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to extremely low frequency high magnetic fields induces stress responses. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 22:333-9. [PMID: 11424156 DOI: 10.1002/bem.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Responses of the small heat shock protein gene, hsp-16, were examined in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to electromagnetic fields. Expression of the hsp-16-lacZ gene was enhanced when transgenic animals were exposed to magnetic fields up to 0.5 T at 60 Hz. The hsp-16 promoter was more efficiently expressed at the embryonic than at the post-embryonic stage irrespective of exposure. Promoter activity was more sensitive to the stimulus in the intestine at the post-embryonic stage. Evidence is presented that the induction occurs at the transcriptional step of hsp-16.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Base Sequence
- Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics
- Caenorhabditis elegans/growth & development
- Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Helminth
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Helminth Proteins/genetics
- Lac Operon
- Magnetics/adverse effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Helminth/genetics
- RNA, Helminth/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/etiology
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyakawa
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fields Control and Applications, Faculty of Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Tanabe O, Hirata D, Usui H, Nishito Y, Miyakawa T, Igarashi K, Takeda M. Fission yeast homologues of the B' subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: multiple roles in mitotic cell division and functional interaction with calcineurin. Genes Cells 2001; 6:455-73. [PMID: 11380623 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase distributed in eukaryotes from yeast to human, and plays pivotal roles in diverse cellular functions such as metabolism, cell cycle progression, gene expression and development. PP2A holoenzyme is a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit C and a regulatory subunit A, or a heterotrimer of C, A and a variable regulatory subunit consisting of three families; B, B', and PR72. Specific functions for each variable subunit are not well understood. RESULTS Two fission yeast genes pbp1+ and pbp2+ homologous to the regulatory subunit B' were isolated. Physical in vivo interaction of the gene products with the catalytic subunit was demonstrated. A double disruption haploid mutant (Deltapbp1Deltapbp2) showed growth defect, cell shape and size abnormality, multiseptation and anucleated cell formation due to abnormality in septum positioning. These phenotypes were suppressed by human B' cDNA, indicating the striking conservation of the B' function from yeast to human. Over-expression of fission yeast B' led to growth defects, a loss of cell shape polarity, septal abnormality and anucleated cell formation. Deltapbp1Deltapbp2 and pbp1 null haploids were hypersensitive to calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and FK506, with which the mutants underwent arrest at post-anaphase and cell lysis. Double disruption of calcineurin and pbp1+, but not pbp2+, genes led to synthetic lethality. CONCLUSION The fission yeast B' subunit of PP2A plays critical roles in cell shape control and septum formation, and shares essential functions with calcineurin for viability, possibly through their roles in cytokinesis and cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Harada S, Yamada S, Kuramata O, Gunji Y, Kawasaki M, Miyakawa T, Yonekura H, Sakurai S, Bessho K, Hosono R, Yamamoto H. Effects of high ELF magnetic fields on enzyme-catalyzed DNA and RNA synthesis in vitro and on a cell-free DNA mismatch repair. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 22:260-6. [PMID: 11298387 DOI: 10.1002/bem.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental electromagnetic fields have been implicated in human cancers. We examined whether high extremely low frequency (ELF) AC magnetic fields could affect DNA synthesis, transcription or repair, using in vitro model systems with defined sequences. The rate and fidelity of DNA polymerase catalyzed DNA synthesis, as well as of RNA polymerase catalyzed RNA synthesis, were not statistically significantly affected by 60 Hz 0.25-0.5 Tesla magnetic fields. The efficiency of mutS dependent mismatch repair with human cell extracts was also not affected by the magnetic field exposure. The results suggest that the core processes related to the transmission of genetic information are stable under high ELF magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Abstract
Multiple or pleiotropic drug resistance often arises in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to genetic alterations of the functional state of the Cys(6)-Zn(II)(2) transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p. Single amino acid substitutions give rise to hyperactive forms of these regulatory proteins, which in turn cause overproduction of downstream target genes that directly mediate multidrug resistance. Previous work has identified a novel Cys(6)-Zn(II)(2) transcription factor designated Yrr1p as mutant forms of this protein confer high level resistance to the cell cycle inhibitor reveromycin A and DNA damaging agent 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. In the present study, we demonstrate that Yrr1p also mediates oligomycin resistance through activation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene YOR1. Additionally, insertion of triplicated copies of the hemagglutinin epitope in the C-terminal region of Yrr1p causes the protein to behave as a hyperactive regulator of transcription. We have found that YRR1 expression is both controlled in a Pdr1p/Pdr3p-dependent manner and autoregulated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments also show that Yrr1p associates with target promoters in vivo. Together these data argue that the signal generated by activation of Pdr1p and/or Pdr3p can be amplified through the action of these transcriptional regulatory proteins on downstream target genes, like YRR1, that also encode transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Molecular Biology Program and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 , USA
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Kawai H, Allende ML, Wada R, Kono M, Sango K, Deng C, Miyakawa T, Crawley JN, Werth N, Bierfreund U, Sandhoff K, Proia RL. Mice expressing only monosialoganglioside GM3 exhibit lethal audiogenic seizures. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:6885-8. [PMID: 11133999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c000847200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a family of glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid. Although they are abundant on neuronal cell membranes, their precise functions and importance in the central nervous system (CNS) remain largely undefined. We have disrupted the gene encoding GD3 synthase (GD3S), a sialyltransferase expressed in the CNS that is responsible for the synthesis of b-series gangliosides. GD3S-/- mice, even with an absence of b-series gangliosides, appear to undergo normal development and have a normal life span. To further restrict the expression of gangliosides, the GD3S mutant mice were crossbred with mice carrying a disrupted GalNAcT gene encoding beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. These double mutant mice expressed GM3 as their major ganglioside. In contrast to the single mutant mice, the double mutants displayed a sudden death phenotype and were extremely susceptible to induction of lethal seizures by sound stimulus. These results demonstrate unequivocally that gangliosides play an essential role in the proper functioning of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawai
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yamada M, Miyakawa T, Duttaroy A, Yamanaka A, Moriguchi T, Makita R, Ogawa M, Chou CJ, Xia B, Crawley JN, Felder CC, Deng CX, Wess J. Mice lacking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor are hypophagic and lean. Nature 2001; 410:207-12. [PMID: 11242080 DOI: 10.1038/35065604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Members of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family (M1-M5) have central roles in the regulation of many fundamental physiological functions. Identifying the specific receptor subtype(s) that mediate the diverse muscarinic actions of acetylcholine is of considerable therapeutic interest, but has proved difficult primarily because of a lack of subtype-selective ligands. Here we show that mice deficient in the M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R-/- mice) display a significant decrease in food intake, reduced body weight and peripheral fat deposits, and very low levels of serum leptin and insulin. Paradoxically, hypothalamic messenger RNA levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which are normally upregulated in fasted animals leading to an increase in food intake, are significantly reduced in M3R-/- mice. Intra-cerebroventricular injection studies show that an agouti-related peptide analogue lacked orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) activity in M3R-/- mice. However, M3R-/- mice remained responsive to the orexigenic effects of MCH. Our data indicate that there may be a cholinergic pathway that involves M3-receptor-mediated facilitation of food intake at a site downstream of the hypothalamic leptin/melanocortin system and upstream of the MCH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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50
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Tsuchiya E, Yukawa M, Miyakawa T, Kimura KI, Takahashi H. Borrelidin inhibits a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), Cdc28/Cln2, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2001; 54:84-90. [PMID: 11269718 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.54.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We identified borrrelidin, a member of macrolide antibiotic, as an inhibitor of a cyclin-dependent kinase of the budding yeast, Cdc28/Cln2. A 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of borrelidin for Cdc28/Cln2 was 24 microM. In addition, borrelidin arrests both haploid and diploid cells in G1 phase at the point indistinguishable from that of alpha-mating pheromone, at concentrations not affecting the gross protein synthesis. Although the inhibition of CDK activity may not be a solo cause of the G1 arrest, our results indicate that borrelidin is a potential lead compound for developing novel CDK inhibitors of higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Japan.
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