1
|
Jahnke VE, Peterson JM, Van Der Meulen JH, Boehler J, Uaesoontrachoon K, Johnston HK, Defour A, Phadke A, Yu Q, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K. Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequences in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 33308300 PMCID: PMC7730798 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsense or loss-of-function mutations in the non-lysosomal cysteine protease calpain-3 result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). While calpain-3 is implicated in muscle cell differentiation, sarcomere formation, and muscle cytoskeletal remodeling, the physiological basis for LGMD2A has remained elusive. METHODS Cell growth, gene expression profiling, and mitochondrial content and function were analyzed using muscle and muscle cell cultures established from healthy and calpain-3-deficient mice. Calpain-3-deficient mice were also treated with PPAR-delta agonist (GW501516) to assess mitochondrial function and membrane repair. The unpaired t test was used to assess the significance of the differences observed between the two groups or treatments. ANOVAs were used to assess significance over time. RESULTS We find that calpain-3 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the muscles and myoblasts. Calpain-3-deficient myoblasts showed increased proliferation, and their gene expression profile showed aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis. Myotube gene expression analysis further revealed altered lipid metabolism in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Mitochondrial defects were validated in vitro and in vivo. We used GW501516 to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo in 7-month-old calpain-3-deficient mice. This treatment improved satellite cell activity as indicated by increased MyoD and Pax7 mRNA expression. It also decreased muscle fatigability and reduced serum creatine kinase levels. The decreased mitochondrial function also impaired sarcolemmal repair in the calpain-3-deficient skeletal muscle. Improving mitochondrial activity by acute pyruvate treatment improved sarcolemmal repair. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that calpain-3 deficiency in the skeletal muscle is associated with poor mitochondrial biogenesis and function resulting in poor sarcolemmal repair. Addressing this deficit by drugs that improve mitochondrial activity offers new therapeutic avenues for LGMD2A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Jahnke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jennifer M Peterson
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jack H Van Der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jessica Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Helen K Johnston
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aurelia Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jahnke VE, Van Der Meulen JH, Johnston HK, Ghimbovschi S, Partridge T, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. Metabolic remodeling agents show beneficial effects in the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model. Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:16. [PMID: 22908954 PMCID: PMC3482394 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease involving a severe muscle wasting that is characterized by cycles of muscle degeneration/regeneration and culminates in early death in affected boys. Mitochondria are presumed to be involved in the regulation of myoblast proliferation/differentiation; enhancing mitochondrial activity with exercise mimetics (AMPK and PPAR-delta agonists) increases muscle function and inhibits muscle wasting in healthy mice. We therefore asked whether metabolic remodeling agents that increase mitochondrial activity would improve muscle function in mdx mice. Methods Twelve-week-old mdx mice were treated with two different metabolic remodeling agents (GW501516 and AICAR), separately or in combination, for 4 weeks. Extensive systematic behavioral, functional, histological, biochemical, and molecular tests were conducted to assess the drug(s)' effects. Results We found a gain in body and muscle weight in all treated mice. Histologic examination showed a decrease in muscle inflammation and in the number of fibers with central nuclei and an increase in fibers with peripheral nuclei, with significantly fewer activated satellite cells and regenerating fibers. Together with an inhibition of FoXO1 signaling, these results indicated that the treatments reduced ongoing muscle damage. Conclusions The three treatments produced significant improvements in disease phenotype, including an increase in overall behavioral activity and significant gains in forelimb and hind limb strength. Our findings suggest that triggering mitochondrial activity with exercise mimetics improves muscle function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Jahnke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|