1
|
Lima JA, Sorroche BP, Tostes K, Dias TC, de Carvalho Rodrigues N, Tansini A, da Silva Oliveira RJ, Arantes LMRB. Repurposing discarded leukodepletion filters as a source of mononuclear cells for advanced in vitro research. J Immunol Methods 2024; 530:113694. [PMID: 38797273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In light of advancements in the field of immuno-oncology, the demand for obtaining mononuclear cells for in vitro assays has surged. However, obtaining these cells from healthy donors remains a challenging task due to difficulties in donor recruitment and the requirement for substantial blood volumes. Here, we present a protocol for isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from leukodepletion filters used in whole blood and erythrocytes by apheresis donations at the Hemonucleus of the Barretos Cancer Hospital, Brazil. The method involves rinsing the leukodepletion filters and subsequent centrifugation using a Ficoll-Paque concentration gradient. The isolated PBMCs were analyzed by flow cytometry, which allowed the identification of various subpopulations, including CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD45+CD4+), CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD45+CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD45+CD20+CD19+), non-classical monocytes (CD45+CD64+CD14-), classical monocytes (CD45+CD64+CD14+), and granulocytes (CD45+CD15+CD14-). In our comparative analysis of filters, we observed a higher yield of PBMCs from whole blood filters than those obtained from erythrocytes through apheresis. Additionally, fresh samples exhibited superior viability when compared to cryopreserved ones. Given this, leukodepletion filters provide a practical and cost-effective means to isolate large quantities of pure PBMCs, making it a feasible source for obtaining mononuclear cells for in vitro experiments. SUMMARY: Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the isolation of mononuclear cells from leukodepletion filters, which are routinely discarded at the Barretos Cancer Hospital's Hemonucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katiane Tostes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Tansini
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato José da Silva Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista Arantes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Vilela - 1301/1302, Doutor Paulo Prata, 14784400 Barretos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Ren H, Lu X, He D, Han Y, Wang H, Zeng C, Shi W. Inhibition of D4 Dopamine Receptors on Insulin Receptor Expression and Effect in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002448. [PMID: 27107134 PMCID: PMC4843542 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion transport in the renal proximal tubule (RPT), which is increased in essential hypertension, is regulated by numerous hormones and humoral factors, including insulin and dopamine. Activation of dopamine receptor inhibits sodium reabsorption, whereas activation of insulin receptor increases sodium reabsorption in RPTs, and hyperinsulinemic animals and patients have defective renal dopaminergic system. We presume that there is an inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin receptor expression and effect, and the regulation is lost in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS AND RESULTS Insulin receptor expression was determined by immunoblotting, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was detected in both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR RPT cells. Stimulation of D4 receptor with PD168077 decreased expression of insulin receptors, which was blocked in the presence of the calcium-channel blocker, nicardipine (10(-6) mol/L per 24 hours), in cell culture medium without calcium or in the presence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-ADB]; 10(-6) mol/L per 24 hours), indicating that extracellular calcium entry and calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum were involved in the signal pathway. Stimulation of the insulin receptor stimulated Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, whereas pretreatment with PD168077 for 24 hours decreased the inhibitory effects of insulin receptor on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in WKY cells. However, in SHR cells, inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin receptor expression and effect were lost. CONCLUSIONS Activation of D4 receptor inhibits insulin receptor expression in RPT cells from WKY rats. The aberrant inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin receptor expression and effect might be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Essential Hypertension
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Immunoblotting
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- RNA/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Insulin/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Duofen He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh R, De Aguiar RB, Naik S, Mani S, Ostadsharif K, Wencker D, Sotoudeh M, Malekzadeh R, Sherwin RS, Mani A. LRP6 enhances glucose metabolism by promoting TCF7L2-dependent insulin receptor expression and IGF receptor stabilization in humans. Cell Metab 2013; 17:197-209. [PMID: 23395167 PMCID: PMC3589523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variations in Wnt signaling genes have been associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes by mechanisms that are poorly understood. A rare nonconservative mutation in Wnt coreceptor LRP6 (LRP6(R611C)) has been shown to underlie autosomal dominant early onset coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. We examined the interplay between Wnt and insulin signaling pathways in skeletal muscle and skin fibroblasts of healthy nondiabetic LRP6(R611C) mutation carriers. LRP6 mutation carriers exhibited hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity compared to noncarrier relatives in response to oral glucose ingestion, which correlated with a significant decline in tissue expression of the insulin receptor and insulin signaling activity. Further investigations showed that the LRP6(R611C) mutation diminishes TCF7L2-dependent transcription of the IR while it increases the stability of IGFR and enhances mTORC1 activity. These findings identify the Wnt/LRP6/TCF7L2 axis as a regulator of glucose metabolism and a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajvir Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spriggs KA, Cobbold LC, Ridley SH, Coldwell M, Bottley A, Bushell M, Willis AE, Siddle K. The human insulin receptor mRNA contains a functional internal ribosome entry segment. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5881-93. [PMID: 19654240 PMCID: PMC2761284 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA translation is an important mechanism determining the level of expression of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Translation is most commonly initiated by cap-dependent scanning, but many eukaryotic mRNAs contain internal ribosome entry segments (IRESs), providing an alternative means of initiation capable of independent regulation. Here, we show by using dicistronic luciferase reporter vectors that the 5′-UTR of the mRNA encoding human insulin receptor (hIR) contains a functional IRES. RNAi-mediated knockdown showed that the protein PTB was required for maximum IRES activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that PTB1, PTB2 and nPTB, but not unr or PTB4, bound to hIR mRNA, and deletion mapping implicated a CCU motif 448 nt upstream of the initiator AUG in PTB binding. The IR-IRES was functional in a number of cell lines, and most active in cells of neuronal origin, as assessed by luciferase reporter assays. The IRES was more active in confluent than sub-confluent cells, but activity did not change during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. IRES activity was stimulated by insulin in sub-confluent cells. The IRES may function to maintain expression of IR protein in tissues such as the brain where mRNA translation by cap-dependent scanning is less effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Spriggs
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schäfers M, Cain D. Single-fiber recording: in vivo and in vitro preparations. METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2004; 99:155-66. [PMID: 15131336 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-770-x:155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on in vivo and in vitro recording setups of extracellular single-unit recordings of peripheral sensory nerve or dorsal root fibers in rodents. Extracellular single-unit recording methods have been used to obtain a wealth of data about the properties of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) structures. The rationale for studying the activity of single-unit primary afferent fibers is predicated on the significance of relatively fine variations of fiber responsiveness to mechanical, chemical, and/or thermal stimuli. It involves microdissection of nerve fiber bundles until the electrical activity of a single fiber is isolated. Electrophysiological changes in thresholds and discharge rates of peripheral nociceptors to polymodal stimuli can provide neurophysiological correlation to behavioral hyperalgesia and allodynia as well as to cellular differences observable with immunohistochemistry. This chapter gives an overview about the necessary general and special equipment, details about the different setups and tissue preparations. Additionally, the chapter informs about the procedure of recording from single units, data acquisition and analysis including unit isolation criteria and techniques for spike discrimination techniques and fiber classification. It describes criteria for the classification of nociceptors and identification of cutaneous afferent units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schäfers
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Van Keymeulen A, Dumont JE, Roger PP. TSH induces insulin receptors that mediate insulin costimulation of growth in normal human thyroid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 279:202-7. [PMID: 11112439 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mitogenic/goitrogenic effects of thyrotropin (TSH) on human thyrocytes in vitro and in vivo depend on permissive comitogenic effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are mimicked in vitro by the low-affinity binding of high supraphysiological concentrations of insulin to IGF-I receptors. Contrary to general assumption, we show here that very low concentrations of insulin, acting through insulin receptors but not IGF-I receptors, can also support the stimulation of DNA synthesis by TSH in primary cultures of normal human thyrocytes. Moreover, TSH through cAMP increases the content of insulin receptors demonstrated by Western blotting and the cells' responsiveness to low insulin concentrations. These observations provide the first in vitro evidence in normal human thyroid cells of a functional interaction between TSH and insulin acting through its own receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Van Keymeulen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHN), School of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Hunt KE, Martin GM, Oshima J. Structure and function of the human Werner syndrome gene promoter: evidence for transcriptional modulation. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:3480-5. [PMID: 9671808 PMCID: PMC147734 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.15.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive segmental progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in a novel member ( WRN ) of the RecQ family of helicases. Somatic WS cells are hypermutable and have elongated S phases, suggesting possible defects in DNA replication and/or repair. As an initial approach to the investigation of how this locus might be responsive to DNA damage, we determined the structure of the human WRN promoter. The WRN promoter region has two transcription initiation sites and exhibits several features characteristic of so-called constitutive promoters, including the absence of TATA and CAAT boxes. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that the upstream promoter was used 2-10-fold less frequently than the downstream promoter, the variation being a function of cell type. The activity of the WRN promoter was dramatically reduced in cells from WS patients. The reduction of activity was not seen in three other promoters tested, including one TATA-less promoter and one TATA-containing promoter. This is consistent with the presence of a positive regulatory mechanism of WRN expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Genetics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burikhanov R, Coulonval K, Pirson I, Lamy F, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Thyrotropin via cyclic AMP induces insulin receptor expression and insulin Co-stimulation of growth and amplifies insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways in dog thyroid epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:29400-6. [PMID: 8910605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.46.29400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the similarity of their receptors and signal transduction pathways, insulin is regarded as a regulator of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism, whereas insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) mainly act as mitogenic hormones. In the dog thyroid primary culture model, the triggering of DNA synthesis by thyrotropin (TSH) through cAMP, or by cAMP-independent factors including epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and phorbol esters, requires insulin or IGFs as comitogenic factors. In the present study, in TSH-treated cells, IGF-I receptors and insulin receptors were paradoxically equivalent in their capacity to elicit the comitogenic pathway, which, however, was mediated only by IGF-I receptors in dog thyroid cells stimulated by cAMP-independent mitogens. Moreover, prior cell exposure to TSH or forskolin increased their responsiveness to insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II, as seen on DNA synthesis and activation of a common insulin/IGF signaling pathway. To understand these observations, binding characteristics and expression of insulin and IGF-I receptors were examined. To analyze IGF-I receptor characteristics, the unexpected interference of a huge presence of IGF-binding proteins at the cell membrane was avoided using labeled Long R3 IGF-I instead of IGF-I. Strikingly, TSH, through cAMP, time-dependently induced insulin binding and insulin receptor mRNA and protein accumulation without any effect on IGF-I receptors. These findings constitute a first example of an induction of insulin receptor gene expression by a cAMP-mediated hormone. In dog thyroid cells, this allows low physiological insulin concentrations to act as a comitogenic factor and might explain in part the enhanced responsiveness to IGFs in response to TSH. This raises the possibility that TSH-insulin interactions may play a role in the regulation of thyroid growth and function in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Burikhanov
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|