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Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073898. [PMID: 35409256 PMCID: PMC8999700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the life of aerobic organisms, the oxygen resulting from numerous reactions is converted into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many ROS are dangerous due to their high reactivity; they are strong oxidants, and react with various cell components, leading to their damage. To protect against ROS overproduction, enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems are evolved in aerobic cells. Several known non-enzymatic antioxidants have a relatively low specific antioxidant activity. Superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, and the peroxiredoxin families are the most important enzyme antioxidants. Artificial antibodies catalyzing redox reactions using different approaches have been created. During the past several decades, it has been shown that the blood and various biological fluids of humans and animals contain natural antibodies that catalyze different redox reactions, such as classical enzymes. This review, for the first time, summarizes data on existing non-enzymatic antioxidants, canonical enzymes, and artificial or natural antibodies (abzymes) with redox functions. Comparing abzymes with superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxide-dependent peroxidase, and H2O2-independent oxidoreductase activities with the same activities as classical enzymes was carried out. The features of abzymes with the redox activities are described, including their exceptional diversity in the optimal pH values, dependency and independence on various metal ions, and the reaction rate constants for healthy donors and patients with different autoimmune diseases. The entire body of evidence indicates that abzymes with redox antioxidant activities existing in the blood for a long time compared to enzymes are an essential part of the protection system of humans and animals from oxidative stress.
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Fiorino S, Zippi M, Gallo C, Sifo D, Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Rasciti E, Rasciti L, Giampieri E, Corazza I, Leandri P, de Biase D. The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:275-293. [PMID: 32703328 PMCID: PMC7431858 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern. Unfortunately, few studies about SARS-CoV-2 concerning its immunopathogenesis and treatment are available. On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. Therefore, we have analysed: (1) the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; (2) the clinical signs and symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms observed during the development of acute respiratory syndrome and the cytokine release syndrome; (3) the modification of the cell microRNome and of the immune response in patients with SARS infection; and (4) the possible role of some fat-soluble compounds (such as vitamins A, D and E) in modulating directly or indirectly the replication ability of SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit C, Maggiore Hospital Azienda USL, 40100 Bologna, Italy
- Corresponding author: Sirio Fiorino, fax + 39 51809034, email
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gallo
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Sifo
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Sabbatani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Infective Disease Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfredi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Infective Disease Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rasciti
- Unit of Radiodiagnostics, Ospedale degli Infermi, 48018 Faenza, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rasciti
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit C, Maggiore Hospital Azienda USL, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
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The association between vitamin deficiency and otolaryngologic diseases: A therapeutic target. Med Hypotheses 2020; 135:109448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cabezuelo MT, Zaragozá R, Barber T, Viña JR. Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation. Nutrients 2019; 12:E80. [PMID: 31892157 PMCID: PMC7019238 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), its active derivatives retinal and retinoic acid, and their synthetic analogues constitute the group of retinoids. It is obtained from diet either as preformed vitamin A or as carotenoids. Retinal plays a biological role in vision, but most of the effects of vitamin A are exerted by retinoic acid, which binds to nuclear receptors and regulates gene transcription. Vitamin A deficiency is an important nutritional problem, particularly in the developing world. Retinol and carotenoids from diet during pregnancy and lactation influence their concentration in breast milk, which is important in the long term, not only for the offspring, but also for maternal health. In this study, we review the role of vitamin A in mammary gland metabolism, where retinoid signaling is required not only for morphogenesis and development of the gland and for adequate milk production, but also during the weaning process, when epithelial cell death is coupled with tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Gaspar Aguilar, 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.B.); (J.R.V.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.B.); (J.R.V.)
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Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091132. [PMID: 30134568 PMCID: PMC6164133 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved.
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Abdel Ghany EAG, Alsharany W, Ali AA, Youness ER, Hussein JS. Anti-oxidant profiles and markers of oxidative stress in preterm neonates. Paediatr Int Child Health 2016; 36:134-40. [PMID: 25940692 DOI: 10.1179/2046905515y.0000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is associated with an increased oxidant burden which places these infants at a higher risk of injury. AIMS This prospective study aimed to assess levels of antioxidants and a marker of oxidative stress in preterm neonates. OBJECTIVES (i) To compare levels of anti-oxidants [vitamin A, vitamin E, catalase, total anti-oxidant status (TAS)] as well as malondialdehyde level (MDA) (a marker of lipid peroxidation) between preterm and full-term neonates; (ii) to determine changes in the values of measured vitamins at birth and at discharge among preterm neonates; and (iii) to compare levels of anti-oxidants with MDA levels in relation to complications of prematurity and outcome. METHODS The study was undertaken in 100 preterm neonates and 100 full-term neonates as a control group. MDA was estimated by a thiobarbituric acid-reactive technique; TAS was determined using a Randox assay kit; catalase activity was measured spectrophotometrically and vitamin A and E levels were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The plasma levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, TAS and catalase were significantly lower in the preterm than in the full-term group (P < 0.01), and the plasma level of MDA was significantly higher in preterm than full-term neonates (P < 0.01). Vitamin A and E levels in preterm neonates were significantly higher at discharge than at birth (P < 0.01). Vitamin A, vitamin E and catalase levels at birth were significantly lower in patients who developed necrotizing enterocolitis or bronchopulmonary dysplasia than in those who did not. CONCLUSION Preterm neonates are exposed to increased oxidant stress at birth and are susceptible to anti-oxidant deficiencies. A higher dose of enteral vitamin A supplementation in preterm neonates might reduce morbidity and improve outcome. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the appropriate dose of oral vitamin E supplementation for preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walaa Alsharany
- a Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University
| | - Aliaa Adel Ali
- a Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University
| | | | - Jihan Seid Hussein
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , National Research Center , Cairo , Egypt
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Wang B, Vongsvivut J, Adhikari B, Barrow CJ. Microencapsulation of tuna oil fortified with the multiple lipophilic ingredients vitamins A, D3, E, K2, curcumin and coenzyme Q10. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Wang YZ, Ren WH, Liao WQ, Zhang GY. Concentrations of antioxidant vitamins in maternal and cord serum and their effect on birth outcomes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:1-8. [PMID: 19352057 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy could impair fetal growth and that antioxidant vitamins (e.g. vitamins A, E and C) have a significant role in maintaining physiological processes of pregnancy and growth. AIMS To determine the concentrations of vitamins A, E, and C in pair-matched maternal and cord serum samples of neonate, and thus to investigate the relationship between maternal serum levels of these vitamins at delivery and birth outcomes. METHODS A total of 143 mother-neonate pairs were recruited into the cross-sectional descriptive study. Demographic information was investigated by questionnaire. After delivery, both cord and maternal blood were collected for quantification of serum levels of vitamins A, E and C by HPLC. RESULTS Maternal serum levels of vitamins A and E were significantly higher than those in cord serum. In contrast, vitamin C level in cord serum was significantly higher than that in maternal serum. Further, we found that maternal vitamin A status was significantly correlated to both birth weight (r=0.19, p=0.0419) and birth height (r=0.21, p=0.0311), and these were manifested by these findings: (i) per 250.2 g reduction in birth weight concomitant with 1 micromol/L increase in maternal serum vitamin A level (p<0.01; 95% CI: 56.9-451.5); and (ii) per 1% increase in the ratio of serum vitamin A level of neonate to mother concomitant with 0.8 cm increase in birth height (p=0.049; 95% CI: 0.004-1.639). CONCLUSION Maternal vitamin A, but not vitamins E and C, during pregnancy had a significant effect on birth outcomes. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of these antioxidant vitamins in fetal growth at various gestation stages.
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Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with antioxidant intake and the consumption of their dietary sources during pregnancy. Public Health Nutr 2008; 11:1379-88. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the associations of selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with the intake of antioxidant nutrients and consumption of their main dietary sources among pregnant women.DesignA population-based cohort study. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed by a self-administered FFQ one to three months after the delivery.SettingType 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Project.SubjectsSubjects comprised 3730 women (70·1 % of those invited) who entered the DIPP Nutrition Study after delivering a child at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes at the university hospitals in Oulu and Tampere, Finland, 1997–2002.ResultsAll sociodemographic and lifestyle factors studied showed significant associations with antioxidant intake in multiple regression models adjusting for all other factors. Older and more educated women tended to have higher intake of most antioxidants. Parity was positively associated with retinol intake and inversely with vitamin C intake. Smokers had lower intakes of most antioxidants. Only the partner’s education was positively associated with high intake of fruits, whereas own education was positively associated with berry consumption. Vegetable consumption was positively associated with partner’s education except for women with academic education, who tended to have high vegetable consumption irrespective of partner’s education.ConclusionsYoung women, smokers and those with a low education are at risk for low antioxidant intake and non-optimal food choices during pregnancy.
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Kamunde C, MacPhail R, Mahar D, Grimmelt B. Evaluation of antioxidant circulatory lipid-soluble vitamins and sodium as non-invasive indicators of chronic copper exposure and toxicity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 80:502-506. [PMID: 18498009 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of circulatory indicators of copper (Cu) exposure and toxicity in rainbow trout revealed elevated Cu concurrent with reduced sodium (Na) concentrations in plasma of Cu-exposed fish. Using a new normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed and validated for simultaneous extraction of lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins we found that, contrary to our original hypothesis, plasma antioxidant status was enhanced as evidenced by a linear increase in vitamin E concentration. This suggests that vitamin E was mobilized from other metabolic pools to enhance circulatory antioxidant status possibly for delivery to Cu-sensitive locales. On the other hand, plasma vitamin A was not affected by the Cu exposure although its level decreased with time concurrent with an increase in fish size suggesting increased demand for growth. Thus circulatory Cu, Na, and vitamin E, but not vitamin A, can be used as non-lethal biomarkers of chronic Cu exposure and toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3.
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Gatica LV, Vega VA, Zirulnik F, Oliveros LB, Gimenez MS. Alterations in the Lipid Metabolism of Rat Aorta: Effects of Vitamin A Deficiency. J Vasc Res 2006; 43:602-10. [PMID: 17047345 DOI: 10.1159/000096247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are known to reduce cardiovascular disease by reducing the concentration of free radicals in the vessel wall and by preventing the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins. The prooxidative effect of a vitamin-A-deficient diet on the aorta has previously been demonstrated by us. In this study, the lipid metabolism in the aorta of rats fed on a vitamin-A-deficient diet was evaluated. Vitamin A deficiency induced a hypolipidemic effect (lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels) and a decreased serum paraoxonase 1/arylesterase activity. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, free and esterified cholesterol, and phospholipids were increased in the aorta of vitamin-A-deficient rats. The phospholipid compositions showed an increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, a decrease in sphingomyelin, and no change in phosphatidylglycerol. In the aorta, the increase in triglycerides was associated with an increased fatty acid synthesis and mRNA expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. The increased PC content was attributed to an increased synthesis, as measured by [methyl-(14)C]choline incorporation into PC and high CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-alpha mRNA expression. The cholesterol synthesis, evaluated by [1-(14)C]acetate incorporated into cholesterol and mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, did not change. The lipoprotein lipase and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 mRNA expression levels increased in the aorta of vitamin-A-deficient animals. The incorporation of vitamin A into the diet of vitamin-A-deficient rats reverted all the changes observed. These results indicate that a vitamin-A-deficient diet,in addition to having a prooxidative effect, alters the aorta lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Gatica
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Kennedy AR, Zhou Z, Donahue JJ, Ware JH. Protection against adverse biological effects induced by space radiation by the Bowman-Birk inhibitor and antioxidants. Radiat Res 2006; 166:327-32. [PMID: 16881733 DOI: 10.1667/rr3599.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), BBI concentrate (BBIC) and/or antioxidants against the adverse biological effects induced by space radiation in cultured human epithelial cells. The effects of BBI, BBIC and a combination of ascorbic acid, co-enzyme Q10, L-selenomethionine (SeM) and vitamin E succinate on proton and HZE-particle [high-energy (high E) nuclei of heavier (high atomic number, Z) elements] radiation-induced cytotoxicity in MCF10 human breast epithelial cells and a phenotypic change associated with transformation in HTori-3 human thyroid epithelial cells were assessed with a clonogenic survival assay and a soft agar colony formation assay. The results demonstrate that BBIC and antioxidants are effective in protecting against space radiation-induced cytotoxicity in MCF10 cells and BBI, BBIC and antioxidants are effective in protecting against a space radiation-induced phenotypic change associated with transformation of HTori-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R Kennedy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Wan XS, Ware JH, Zhou Z, Donahue JJ, Guan J, Kennedy AR. Protection against radiation-induced oxidative stress in cultured human epithelial cells by treatment with antioxidant agents. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 64:1475-81. [PMID: 16472936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 11/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the protective effects of antioxidant agents against space radiation-induced oxidative stress in cultured human epithelial cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS The effects of selected concentrations of N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, co-enzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, l-selenomethionine, and vitamin E succinate on radiation-induced oxidative stress were evaluated in MCF10 human breast epithelial cells exposed to radiation with X-rays, gamma-rays, protons, or high mass, high atomic number, and high energy particles using a dichlorofluorescein assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated that these antioxidants are effective in protecting against radiation-induced oxidative stress and complete or nearly complete protection was achieved by treating the cells with a combination of these agents before and during the radiation exposure. CONCLUSION The combination of antioxidants evaluated in this study is likely be a promising countermeasure for protection against space radiation-induced adverse biologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Steven Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Baydas G, Karatas F, Gursu MF, Bozkurt HA, Ilhan N, Yasar A, Canatan H. Antioxidant vitamin levels in term and preterm infants and their relation to maternal vitamin status. Arch Med Res 2002; 33:276-80. [PMID: 12031634 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid peroxidation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many neonatal complications. Preterm babies are especially predisposed to lung diseases and retinopathy, probably due to a deficiency in their antioxidant systems. Vitamins E, A, and C are part of the natural antioxidant defense systems. We aimed to determine the levels of vitamins E, A, and C in maternal and cord blood plasma of term and preterm infants and to investigate the relationships between these levels. METHODS In the present study we determined vitamin E, A, and C levels in the umbilical cord blood of term (n = 30) and preterm (n = 22) infants and their mothers by HPLC. Blood samples were taken during delivery. RESULTS Levels of lipid soluble antioxidant vitamin E and A in cord blood were lower than maternal values (p <0.01, p <0.05, respectively). Conversely, the level of water-soluble vitamin C was higher in cord blood than in maternal level (p <0.05). Significantly higher levels of vitamins E, A, and C were found in term babies as compared with those born preterm (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a positive correlation between maternal and cord blood levels of vitamins E and A (r = 0.775, r = 0.725, respectively). In conclusion, preterm babies have fewer lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins in their serum compared to term infants. Therefore, it is possible to postulate that preterm infants are more susceptible to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyasettin Baydas
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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