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Shiraishi JI, Shimakura N, Kimura K, Egusa AS, Ohta Y. Embryonic Cadaverine Signaling: Implications for Plasma Free Amino Acid and Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Newly Hatched Chicks. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024017. [PMID: 38846485 PMCID: PMC11150007 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadaverine is a bioactive substance derived from lysine degradation by lysine decarboxylase and has gained attention for its physiological effects. Studies in rodents have revealed its role as a cell growth regulator, particularly intestinal bacterial-produced cadaverine. However, the nutritional and physiological roles of cadaverine during the embryonic period remain unclear, especially considering the immature state of the gut microbiota and digestive functions during this stage. This study explored the potential functions of cadaverine as a nutritional and metabolic signal during chicken embryonic development. Experiments were conducted using an in ovo administration method to evaluate the effects of nutritional bioactive substances on developing chicken embryos. Although there were no observable changes in body or organ weights of newly hatched chicks following in ovo cadaverine administration to day 18 chick embryos, plasma tryptophan, Nτ-methylhistidine, and Nπ-methylhistidine concentrations decreased and the gene expression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in skeletal muscle was upregulated. These findings imply that cadaverine influences tryptophan metabolism and skeletal muscle catabolism during the embryonic period, suggesting its role as a bioactive factor contributing to energy metabolism signaling in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Shiraishi
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Shimakura
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kimura
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ai-Saiga Egusa
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohta
- Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
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2
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Gondret F, Le Floc'h N, Batonon-Alavo DI, Perruchot MH, Mercier Y, Lebret B. Flash dietary methionine supply over growth requirements in pigs: Multi-facetted effects on skeletal muscle metabolism. Animal 2021; 15:100268. [PMID: 34087692 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine affects protein metabolism, lean gain and growth performance and acts in the control of oxidative stress. When supplied in large excess relative to growth requirements in diets for pigs, positive effects on pork quality traits have been recently reported. This study aimed to decipher the molecular and biochemical mechanisms affected by a dietary methionine supply above growth requirements in the loin muscle of finishing pigs. During the last 14 days before slaughter, crossbred female pigs (n = 15 pigs/diet) were fed a diet supplemented with hydroxy-methionine (Met5; 1.1% of methionine) or not (CONT, 0.22% of methionine). Blood was sampled at slaughter to assess key metabolites. At the same time, free amino acid concentrations and expression or activity levels of genes involved in protein or energy metabolism were measured in the longissimus lumborum muscle (LM). The Met5 pigs exhibited a greater activity of creatine kinase in plasma when compared with CONT pigs. The concentrations of free methionine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, anserine, 3-methyl-histidine, lysine, and proline were greater in the LM of Met5 pigs than in CONT pigs. Expression levels of genes involved in protein synthesis, protein breakdown or autophagy were only scarcely affected by the diet. Among ubiquitin ligases, MURF1, a gene known to target creatine kinase and muscle contractile proteins, and OTUD1 coding for a deubiquitinase protease, were up-regulated in the LM of Met5 pigs. A lower activity of citrate synthase, a reduced expression level of ME1 acting in lipogenesis but a higher expression of PPARD regulating energy metabolism, were also observed in the LM of Met5 pigs compared with CONT pigs. Principal component analysis revealed that expression levels of many studied genes involved in protein and energy metabolism were correlated with meat quality traits across dietary treatments, suggesting that subtle modifications in expression of those genes had cumulative effects on the regulation of processes leading to the muscle transformation into meat. In conclusion, dietary methionine supplementation beyond nutritional requirements in pigs during the last days before slaughter modified the free amino acid profile in muscle and its redox capacities, and slightly affected molecular pathways related to protein breakdown and energy metabolism. These modifications were associated with benefits on pork quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gondret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
| | - N Le Floc'h
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | | | - M-H Perruchot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Y Mercier
- ADISSEO France SAS, 03600 Commentry, France
| | - B Lebret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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Bergen WG. Amino Acids in Beef Cattle Nutrition and Production. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:29-42. [PMID: 33770401 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have been recognized for a long time as an important dietary nutritional component for all animals. Most amino acids were isolated and characterized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Initially dietary proteins were ranked high to low quality by growth and N balance studies. By the 1950s interest had shifted to studying the roles of individual amino acids in amino acid requirements by feeding studies with non-ruminants as rodents, poultry and pigs. The direct protein feeding approaches followed by measurements of nutritional outcomes were not possible however in ruminants (cattle and sheep). The development of measuring free amino acids by ion exchange chromatography enabled plasma amino acid analysis. It was thought that plasma amino acid profiles were useful in nutritional studies on proteins and amino acids. With non-ruminants, nutritional interpretations of plasma amino acid studies were possible. Unfortunately with beef cattle, protein/amino acid nutritional adequacy or requirements could not be routinely determined with plasma amino acid studies. In dairy cows, however, much valuable understanding was gained from amino acid studies. Concurrently, others studied amino acid transport in ruminant small intestines, the role of peptides in ruminant N metabolism, amino acid catabolism (in the animal) with emphasis on branched-chain amino acid catabolism. In addition, workable methodologies for studying protein turnover in ruminants were developed. By the 1990s, nutritionists could still not determine amino acid requirements with empirical experimental studies in beef cattle. Instead, computer software (expert systems) based on the accumulated knowledge in animal and ruminal amino acids, energy metabolism and protein production were realized and revised frequently. With these tools, the amino acid requirements, daily energy needs, ruminal and total gastrointestinal tract digestion and performance of growing beef cattle could be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner G Bergen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Deutz NEP, Thaden JJ, Ten Have GAM, Walker DK, Engelen MPKJ. Metabolic phenotyping using kinetic measurements in young and older healthy adults. Metabolism 2018; 78:167-178. [PMID: 28986165 PMCID: PMC5732887 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging process is often associated with the presence of sarcopenia. Although changes in the plasma concentration of several amino acids have been observed in older adults, it remains unclear whether these changes are related to disturbances in whole body production and/or interconversions. METHODS We studied 10 healthy young (~22.7y) and 17 older adults (~64.8y) by administering a mixture of stable amino acid tracers in a pulse and in a primed constant infusion. We calculated whole body production (WBP) and metabolite to metabolite interconversions. In addition, we measured body composition, muscle function, and provided questionnaires to assess daily dietary intake, physical activity, mood (anxiety, depression) and markers of cognitive function. Plasma enrichments and metabolite concentrations were measured by GC- and LC-MS/MS and statistics were performed by student t-test. RESULTS Older adults had a 11% higher body mass index (p=0.04) and 27% reduced peak leg extension force (p=0.02) than the younger group, but comparable values for muscle mass, mood and cognitive function. Although small differences in several plasma amino acid concentrations were observed, we found older adults had about 40% higher values of WBP for glutamine (221±27 vs. 305±21μmol/kgffm/h, p=0.03) and tau-methylhistidine (0.15±0.01 vs. 0.21±0.02μmol/kgffm/h, p=0.04), 26% lower WBP value for arginine (59±4 vs. 44±4μmol/kgffm/h, p=0.02) and a reduction in WBP (50%; 1.23±0.15 vs. 0.69±0.06μmol/kgffm/h, p=0.001) and concentration (25%; 3.5±0.3μmol/l vs. 2.6±0.2μmol/l, p=0.01) for β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate. No differences were observed in protein catabolism. Clearance of arginine was decreased (27%, p=0.03) and clearance of glutamine (58%, p=0.01), leucine (67%, p=0.001) and KIC (76%, p=0.004) were increased in older adults. CONCLUSIONS Specific differences exist between young and older adults in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - John J Thaden
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dillon K Walker
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Ten Have GAM, Engelen MPKJ, Wolfe RR, Deutz NEP. Phenylalanine isotope pulse method to measure effect of sepsis on protein breakdown and membrane transport in the pig. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E519-E529. [PMID: 28292760 PMCID: PMC5494580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00351.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The primed-continuous (PC) phenylalanine (Phe) stable isotope infusion methodology is often used as a proxy for measuring whole body protein breakdown (WbPB) in sepsis. It is unclear if WbPB data obtained by an easy-to-use single IV Phe isotope pulse administration (PULSE) are comparable to those by PC. Compartmental modeling with PULSE could provide us more insight in WbPB in sepsis. Therefore, in the present study, we compared PULSE with PC as proxy for WbPB in an instrumented pig model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced severe sepsis (Healthy: n = 9; Sepsis: n = 13). Seventeen hours after sepsis induction, we compared the Wb rate of appearance (WbRa) of Phe obtained by PC (L-[ring-13C6]Phe) and PULSE (L-[15N]Phe) in arterial plasma using LC-MS/MS and (non)compartmental modeling. PULSE-WbRa was highly correlated with PC-WbRa (r = 0.732, P < 0.0001) and WbPB (r = 0.897, P < 0.0001) independent of the septic state. PULSE-WbRa was 1.6 times higher than PC-WbRa (P < 0.001). Compartmental and noncompartmental PULSE modeling provide comparable WbRa values, although compartmental modeling was more sensitive. WbPB was elevated in sepsis (Healthy: 3,378 ± 103; Sepsis: 4,333 ± 160 nmol·kg BW-1·min-1, P = 0.0002). With PULSE, sepsis was characterized by an increase of the metabolic shunting (Healthy: 3,021 ± 347; Sepsis: 4,233 ± 344 nmol·kg BW-1·min-1, P = 0.026). Membrane transport capacity was the same. Both PC and PULSE methods are able to assess changes in WbRa of plasma Phe reflecting WbPB changes with high sensitivity, independent of the (patho)physiological state. The easy-to-use (non)compartmental PULSE reflects better the real WbPB than PC. With PULSE compartmental analysis, we conclude that the membrane transport capacity for amino acids is not compromised in severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Coss-Bu JA, Hamilton-Reeves J, Patel JJ, Morris CR, Hurt RT. Protein Requirements of the Critically Ill Pediatric Patient. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 32:128S-141S. [PMID: 28388381 DOI: 10.1177/0884533617693592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article includes a review of protein needs in children during health and illness, as well as a detailed discussion of protein metabolism, including nitrogen balance during critical illness, and assessment and prescription/delivery of protein to critically ill children. The determination of protein requirements in children has been difficult and challenging. The protein needs in healthy children should be based on the amount needed to ensure adequate growth during infancy and childhood. Compared with adults, children require a continuous supply of nutrients to maintain growth. The protein requirement is expressed in average requirements and dietary reference intake, which represents values that cover the needs of 97.5% of the population. Critically ill children have an increased protein turnover due to an increase in whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown with protein degradation leading to loss of lean body mass (LBM) and development of growth failure, malnutrition, and worse clinical outcomes. The results of protein balance studies in critically ill children indicate higher protein needs, with infants and younger children requiring higher intakes per body weight compared with older children. Monitoring the side effects of increased protein intake should be performed. Recent studies found a survival benefit in critically ill children who received a higher percentage of prescribed energy and protein goal by the enteral route. Future randomized studies should evaluate the effect of protein dosing in different age groups on patient outcomes, including LBM, muscle structure and function, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Coss-Bu
- 1 Section of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,2 Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- 3 Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jayshil J Patel
- 4 Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claudia R Morris
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Emory-Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- 6 Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Insulin modulates energy and substrate sensing and protein catabolism induced by chronic peritonitis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:744-752. [PMID: 27508897 PMCID: PMC5746053 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute infection promotes skeletal muscle wasting and insulin resistance, but the effect of insulin on energy and substrate sensing in skeletal muscle of chronically infected neonates has not been studied. METHODS Eighteen 2-d-old pigs underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery (CON) to induce a chronic infection for 5 d. On d 5, pancreatic-substrate clamps were performed to attain fasting or fed insulin levels but to maintain glucose and amino acids in the fasting range. Total fractional protein synthesis rates (Ks), translational control mechanisms, and energy sensing and degradation signal activation were measured in longissimus dorsi muscle. RESULTS In fasting conditions, CLP reduced Ks and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and increased AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) activation and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1). Insulin treatment increased Ks and mitochondrial protein synthesis, enhanced translation activation, and reduced SIRT1 in CON. In contrast, in CLP, insulin treatment increased Ks, protein kinase B (PKB) and Forkhead box O1 phosphorylation, antagonized AMPK activation, and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), MuRF1, and SIRT1. CONCLUSION Energy and substrate sensing in skeletal muscle by the PKB-AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis is impacted by chronic infection in neonatal pigs and can be modulated by insulin.
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Hernandez-García A, Manjarín R, Suryawan A, Nguyen HV, Davis TA, Orellana RA. Amino acids, independent of insulin, attenuate skeletal muscle autophagy in neonatal pigs during endotoxemia. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:448-51. [PMID: 27064245 PMCID: PMC4996682 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis induces loss of skeletal muscle mass by activating the ubiquitin proteasome (UPS) and autophagy systems. Although muscle protein synthesis in healthy neonatal piglets is responsive to amino acids (AA) stimulation, it is not known if AA can prevent the activation of muscle protein degradation induced by sepsis. We hypothesize that AA attenuate the sepsis-induced activation of UPS and autophagy in neonates. METHODS Newborn pigs were infused for 8 h with liposaccharide (LPS) (0 and 10 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1)), while circulating glucose and insulin were maintained at fasting levels; circulating AA were clamped at fasting or fed levels. Markers of protein degradation and AA transporters in longissimus dorsi (LD) were examined. RESULTS Fasting AA increased muscle microtubule-associated protein light 1 chain 3 II (LC3-II) abundance in LPS compared to control, while fed AA levels decreased LC3-II abundance in both LPS and controls. There was no effect of AA supplementation on activated protein kinase (AMP), forkhead box O1 and O4 phosphorylation, nor on sodium-coupled neutral AA transporter 2 and light chain AA transporter 1, muscle RING-finger protein-1 and muscle Atrophy F-Box/Atrogin-1 abundance. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that supplementation of AA antagonize autophagy signal activation in skeletal muscle of neonates during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Hernandez-García
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children´s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030,Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rodrigo Manjarín
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children´s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Agus Suryawan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children´s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hanh V. Nguyen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children´s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Teresa A. Davis
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children´s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Renán A. Orellana
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children´s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030,Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,Corresponding Author: Renán A. Orellana, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Street, Suite 9070, Houston, Texas, USA 77030, Tel: (832) 826-6230 Fax: (832) 825-6229,
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Elliott P, Posma JM, Chan Q, Garcia-Perez I, Wijeyesekera A, Bictash M, Ebbels TMD, Ueshima H, Zhao L, van Horn L, Daviglus M, Stamler J, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Urinary metabolic signatures of human adiposity. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:285ra62. [PMID: 25925681 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. We used 24-hour urinary metabolic profiling by proton ((1)H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and ion exchange chromatography to characterize the metabolic signatures of adiposity in the U.S. (n = 1880) and UK (n = 444) cohorts of the INTERMAP (International Study of Macro- and Micronutrients and Blood Pressure) epidemiologic study. Metabolic profiling of urine samples collected over two 24-hour time periods 3 weeks apart showed reproducible patterns of metabolite excretion associated with adiposity. Exploratory analysis of the urinary metabolome using (1)H NMR spectroscopy of the U.S. samples identified 29 molecular species, clustered in interconnecting metabolic pathways, that were significantly associated (P = 1.5 × 10(-5) to 2.0 × 10(-36)) with body mass index (BMI); 25 of these species were also found in the UK validation cohort. We found multiple associations between urinary metabolites and BMI including urinary glycoproteins and N-acetyl neuraminate (related to renal function), trimethylamine, dimethylamine, 4-cresyl sulfate, phenylacetylglutamine and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (gut microbial co-metabolites), succinate and citrate (tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates), ketoleucine and the ketoleucine/leucine ratio (linked to skeletal muscle mitochondria and branched-chain amino acid metabolism), ethanolamine (skeletal muscle turnover), and 3-methylhistidine (skeletal muscle turnover and meat intake). We mapped the multiple BMI-metabolite relationships as part of an integrated systems network that describes the connectivities between the complex pathway and compartmental signatures of human adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Joram M Posma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Magda Bictash
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Timothy M D Ebbels
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC-National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Orellana RA, Suryawan A, Wilson FA, Gazzaneo MC, Fiorotto ML, Nguyen HV, Davis TA. Development aggravates the severity of skeletal muscle catabolism induced by endotoxemia in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R682-90. [PMID: 22277935 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accretion rates of muscle protein are elevated in normal neonates, but this anabolic drive decreases with maturation. As this change occurs, it is not known whether development also influences muscle protein catabolism induced by sepsis. We hypothesize that protein degradation in skeletal muscle induced by endotoxemia becomes more severe as the neonate develops. Fasted 7- and 26-day-old pigs were infused for 8 h with LPS (0 and 10 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1)), while plasma amino acids (AA), 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), and α-actin concentrations and muscle protein degradation signal activation were determined (n = 5-7/group/age). Plasma full-length α-actin was greater in 7- than 26-day-old pigs, suggesting a higher baseline protein turnover in neonatal pigs. LPS increased plasma total AA, 3-MH, and full-length and cleaved α-actin in 26- than in 7-day-old pigs. In muscle of both age groups, LPS increased AMPK and NF-κB phosphorylation, the abundances of activated caspase 3 and E-3 ligases MuRF1 and atrogin1, as well as the abundance of cleaved α-actin, suggesting activation of muscle proteolysis by endotoxin in muscle. LPS decreased Forkhead box 01 (Fox01) and Fox04 phosphorylation and increased procaspase 3 abundance in muscle of 26-day-old pigs despite the lack of effect of LPS on PKB phosphorylation. The results suggest that skeletal muscle in healthy neonatal pigs maintains high baseline degradation signal activation that cannot be enhanced by endotoxin, but as maturation advances, the effect of LPS on muscle protein catabolism manifests its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renán A Orellana
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates St., Rm. 9070, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wang H, Hu P, Jiang J. Measurement of 1- and 3-methylhistidine in human urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:131-8. [PMID: 21945731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of 1-methylhistidine (1-MH) and 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) is important to monitor muscle protein catabolism. Here, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of 1-MH and 3-MH in human urine is described. METHODS Urine samples were prepared by dilution with water after addition of isotopic internal standard. The samples were chromatographed on a SB-aq (2.1×50 mm, 1.8 μm) column with acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid in water (2:98, v/v) as mobile phase. Mass spectrometric detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization (ESI). 1-MH and 3-MH were monitored by the following transitions: 1-MH, m/z 170.1→ m/z 126.1; 3-MH, m/z 170.1→ m/z 124.1. RESULTS For 1-MH and 3-MH, calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 5-500 nmol/ml. The lower limit of quantification was 5 nmol/ml. The accuracy was within 85%-115% and precision was <15%. 1-MH and 3-MH were proved to be stable under different storage and processing conditions. In addition, the detection was independent of matrix effect. CONCLUSION This rapid and specific UPLC/MS-MS method is suitable for the determination of urinary 1-MH and 3-MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China.
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Neumann S, Welling H, Bilzer T, Thuere S. Myopathy and alterations in serum 3-methylhistidine in dogs with liver disease. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:178-84. [PMID: 17643456 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease can influence the metabolism of various other organs. Regarding the influence of liver diseases on muscles, only a few studies done on people exist. The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of liver diseases on muscles in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs with different liver diseases were investigated in this study. The diagnosis of muscle alteration was based on electromyography (EMG), creatine kinase serum activity, 3-methylhistidine serum concentration and a muscle biopsy in some cases. Our results suggest that liver diseases in dogs can be accompanied with muscle alteration. 3-Methylhistidine serum concentration as a new parameter for muscle destruction in dogs was significantly increased compared to clinical healthy dogs and was comparable to those concentrations in dogs with histologically confirmed myopathy of different types. The differentiation of the liver diseases into severe hepatitis, moderate hepatitis and liver tumours showed a significant elevation of 3-methylhistidine serum concentration in cases of liver tumours (P=0.03) and a tendency in cases of severe hepatitis (P=0.07). Based on our study we can conclude that liver diseases have an influence on muscles in dogs and 3-methylhistidine could be a useful parameter for muscle destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Neumann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany.
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Hansen M, Trappe T, Crameri RM, Qvortrup K, Kjaer M, Langberg H. Myofibrillar proteolysis in response to voluntary or electrically stimulated muscle contractions in humans. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 19:75-82. [PMID: 18266789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the effects of exercise on myofibrillar protein breakdown in human subjects is limited. Our purpose was to measure the changes in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins in response to different ways of eliciting muscle contractions using the local interstitial 3-methyl-histidine (3-MH) concentration as a marker for myofibrillar protein breakdown. Untrained males (n=8, 22-27 years, range) performed 210 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions with each leg on an isokinetic dynamometer. One leg performed voluntary (VOL) and the other leg performed electrically induced contractions (ES). Microdialysis probes were placed in m. vastus lateralis in both the legs immediately after, and 1 and 3 days post-exercise. Interstitial 3-MH was higher in ES vs VOL immediately after exercise (P<0.05). One and 3 days post-exercise no difference between the two exercise types was observed. Only after ES did the histochemical stainings show significant disruption of cytoskeletal proteins. Furthermore, intracellular disruption and destroyed Z-lines were markedly more pronounced in ES vs VOL. In conclusion, the local level of interstitial 3-MH in the skeletal muscle was significantly enhanced after ES compared with VOL immediately after exercise, while the level of 3-MH did not change in the post-exercise period after VOL. These results indicate that the local myofibrillar breakdown is accelerated after ES associated with severe myofiber damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hansen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Continual synthesis and breakdown or remodeling of proteins (also called protein turnover) is a principal characteristic of protein metabolism. During animal production, the net differences between synthesis and breakdown represent the actual marketable muscle foods. Because protein synthesis is a highly end-ergonic and protein breakdown is metabolic energy dependent, efficiency of production can be markedly enhanced by lower muscle protein breakdown rates. Herein, various methodological approaches to studying protein breakdown, with particular emphasis toward food-producing animals, are presented. These include whole-animal tracer AA infusions in vivo, quantifying marker AA release from muscle proteins, and in vitro AA release-based methodologies. From such methods, protein synthesis rates and protein breakdown rates (mass units/time) may be obtained. The applications of such methods and innovations based on traditional methods are discussed. Whole-animal in vivo approaches are resource intensive and often not easily applied to high-throughput metabolic screening. Over the last 25 yr, biochemical mechanisms and molecular regulation of protein biosynthesis and protein breakdown have been extensively documented. Proteolysis is dependent in part on the extent of expression of genes for components of cellular proteolytic machinery during skeletal muscle atrophy. It is proposed that high-throughput methods, based on emerging understanding about protein breakdown, may be useful in enhancing production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Bergen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biosciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, TX 36849-5415, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the latest innovations in measuring protein breakdown in vivo, particularly in muscle. RECENT FINDINGS The traditional method of using 3-methylhistidine excretion to measure muscle protein breakdown has been updated to include arteriovenous or microdialysis measurements, which address the concern that there are alternative sources of 3-methylhistidine in the body other than muscle. Several variations of a precursor-product method to measure fractional breakdown rate of tissues have been developed that are analogous to fractional synthesis rate of tissues. These methods are more generally applicable than the 3-methylhistidine methods and are less invasive than arteriovenous methods. The various precursor-product methods are distinguished by whether they require an isotopic steady state or multiple tracers and by how many biopsies are required. SUMMARY The new precursor-product methods have enabled assessment in clinical trials of protein breakdown for proteins other than myofibrillar proteins and in circumstances in which arteriovenous sampling is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Chinkes
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA.
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Baracos V. Chapter 3 Whole animal and tissue proteolysis in growing animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1823(09)70010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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