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Wei XK, Xiong Y, Li XN, Zheng M, Pan Y, He XX, Liang JJ, Liu C, Zhong YZ, Zou LB, Zheng LF, Guo JG, Li CT, Huang SB, Gan JZ, Meng ZM, Yang J, Tang HB, Liu Q, Luo TR. Vaccination demonstration zone successfully controls rabies in Guangxi Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:386. [PMID: 30097026 PMCID: PMC6086044 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guangxi is the province most seriously affected by rabies virus (RABV) in China. Those most affected by RABV each year are people in rural areas, where dogs are the main cause of human infection with the virus. METHODS In this study, we established a rabies vaccination demonstration program that included eradication, core, and peripheral areas. This program was implemented for 9 years and comprised three stages: 12 counties in the first stage (2008-2010), 21 counties in the second stage (2011-2013), and then extending to all counties of Guangxi Province in the third stage (2014-2016). The program included a dog vaccination campaign, surveillance of clinically healthy dogs who may be potential RABV carriers, monitoring anti-RABV antibody titers in vaccinated dogs, and compiling and reporting statistics of human rabies cases. RESULTS The target effectiveness was achieved in the eradication, core, and peripheral areas in all three stages. The vaccination demonstration program successfully promoted RABV vaccination of domestic dogs throughout Guangxi Province by drawing upon the experience gained at key points. Compared with a vaccination coverage rate of 39.42-46.85% in Guangxi Province overall during 2003-2007, this rate gradually increased to 48.98-52.67% in 2008-2010, 60.24-69.67% in 2011-2013, and 70.09-71.53% in 2014-2016, thereby meeting World Health Organization requirements. The total cases of human rabies in the province decreased from 602 in 2004 to 41 cases in 2017. CONCLUSIONS The present pilot vaccination program obviously increased the rabies vaccination and seroconversion rates, and effectively reduced the spread of rabies from dogs to humans as well as the number of human rabies cases, thus successfully controlling rabies in Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kai Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xia He
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Zhong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lian-Bin Zou
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Lie-Feng Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Gang Guo
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Ting Li
- Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng-Bin Huang
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jia-Zhong Gan
- Yulin Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen-Mu Meng
- Baise Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresourses, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China. .,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, 100# Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Cleaveland S, Hampson K. Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1880. [PMID: 29263285 PMCID: PMC5745407 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 years of research has now been conducted into the prevention, control and elimination of rabies with safe and highly efficacious vaccines developed for use in human and animal populations. Domestic dogs are a major reservoir for rabies, and although considerable advances have been made towards the elimination and control of canine rabies in many parts of the world, the disease continues to kill tens of thousands of people every year in Africa and Asia. Policy efforts are now being directed towards a global target of zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 and the global elimination of canine rabies. Here we demonstrate how research provides a cause for optimism as to the feasibility of these goals through strategies based around mass dog vaccination. We summarize some of the pragmatic insights generated from rabies epidemiology and dog ecology research that can improve the design of dog vaccination strategies in low- and middle-income countries and which should encourage implementation without further delay. We also highlight the need for realism in reaching the feasible, although technically more difficult and longer-term goal of global elimination of canine rabies. Finally, we discuss how research on rabies has broader relevance to the control and elimination of a suite of diseases of current concern to human and animal health, providing an exemplar of the value of a ‘One Health’ approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Katie Hampson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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