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Nafeez Ahmed A, Mithra S, Suryakodi S, Taju G, Abdul Wazith MJ, Kanimozhi K, Rajkumar V, Badhusha A, Abdul Majeed S, Sahul Hameed AS. Development and characterization of brain cell line from Trachinotus blochii and its application in virological and gene expression studies. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13927. [PMID: 38284337 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A permanent cell line, SPB (Snubnose pompano brain) was established from Trachinotus blochii by the explant culture method. It has been sub-cultured more than 75 passages and showed optimal growth at 28°C using L-15 medium supplemented with 15% to 20% FBS. The SPB cells were cryopreserved at different passage levels for various applications. SPB cells were composed of fibroblastic and epithelial-like cells. The SPB cells were tested for mycoplasma contamination which was found to be negative. The origin of the SPB cell line from T. blochii was confirmed by amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The transfection efficiency of SPB cell line is 15% assessed by expression of green fluorescent protein using pEGFP-N1 plasmid. In addition, two CMV promotor plasmids pFNCPE42-DNA and pcDNAVP28 were transfected to SPB cells and it shows high expression levels of FNCP of fish nodavirus and VP28 protein of white spot syndrome virus by immunostaining. The SPB cells showed susceptibility to SJNNV and the infection was confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA, TCID50 and RT-qPCR. Experimental infection was carried out in T. blochii using SJNNV propagated in SPB cell line and found 100% mortality with clinical signs. The infection was confirmed by RT-PCR. The SPB cell line can be used for propagation of fish viral pathogens and production of the recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nafeez Ahmed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - S Mithra
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - S Suryakodi
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - G Taju
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - M J Abdul Wazith
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - K Kanimozhi
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - V Rajkumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - A Badhusha
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - S Abdul Majeed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Melvisharam, India
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Moran MJ, Chen J, Piret JM, Balcarcel RR. Super7 passaging method to improve Chinese hamster ovary cell fed-batch performance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38659198 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to manufacture biopharmaceuticals, most of all monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some CHO cell lines exhibit production instability, where the productivity of the cells decreases as a function of time in culture. To counter this, we designed a passaging strategy that, rather than maximizing the time spent in log-growth phase, mimics the first 7 days of a fed-batch production process. Cultures passaged using this method had lower net growth rates and were more oxidative throughout 6 weeks of passaging. Fed-batch cultures inoculated by cells passaged using this method had increased net growth rates, oxidative metabolism, and volumetric productivity compared to cells passaged using a conventional strategy. Cells from unstable cell lines passaged by this new method produced 80%-160% more mAbs per unit volume than cells passaged by a conventional method. This new method, named Super7, provides the ability to mitigate the impact of production instability in CHO-K1 cell lines without a need for further cell line creation, genetic engineering, or medium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Moran
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals, BD Cell Culture Development, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals, BD Cell Culture Development, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - James M Piret
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Michael Smith Laboratories, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Robert Balcarcel
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals, BD Cell Culture Development, Berkeley, California, USA
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3
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Peterson R, Crawford RB, Blevins LK, Kaminski NE, Sass JS, Ferraro B, Vishwanath-Deutsch R, Clark AJ, Malinczak CA. Dose Range-Finding Toxicity Study in Rats With Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Produced in Komagataella phaffii. Int J Toxicol 2024:10915818241247013. [PMID: 38647416 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241247013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The oral toxicity of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF, Helaina rhLF, Effera™) produced in Komagataella phaffii was investigated in adult Sprague Dawley rats by once daily oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. The study used groups of 3-6 rats/sex/dose. The vehicle control group received sodium citrate buffer, and the test groups received daily doses of 200, 1000, and 2000 mg of rhLF in sodium citrate buffer per kg body weight. Bovine LF at 2000 mg/kg body weight per day was used as a comparative control. Clinical observations, body weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, iron parameters, immunophenotyping, and gross examination at necropsy were used as criteria for detecting the effects of treatment in all groups and to help select dose levels for future toxicology studies. Quantitative LF levels were also analyzed as an indication of bioavailability. Overall, administration of Helaina rhLF by once daily oral gavage for 14 days was well tolerated in rats at levels up to 2000 mg/kg/day, or 57 × Helaina's intended commercial use in adults, and indicating that a high dose of 2000 mg/kg/day is appropriate for future definitive toxicology studies.
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Hoekstra M, Snip OSC, Janusz P, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, Truitt ER, Sullivan BD, Schmidt TA, Jay GD, Van Eck M. Recombinant human proteoglycan 4 lowers inflammation and atherosclerosis susceptibility in female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38606903 DOI: 10.1113/jp286354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) is a macromolecular mucin-like glycoprotein that is classically studied as a lubricant within eyes and joints. Given that endogenously produced PRG4 is present within atherosclerotic lesions and genetic PRG4 deficiency increases atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice, in the current study we investigated the anti-atherogenic potential of chronic rhPRG4 treatment. Female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were fed an atherogenic Western-type diet for 6 weeks and injected three times per week intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg rhPRG4 or PBS as control. Treatment with rhPRG4 was associated with a small decrease in plasma-free cholesterol levels, without a change in cholesteryl ester levels. A marked increase in the number of peritoneal foam cells was detected in response to the peritoneal rhPRG4 administration, which could be attributed to elevated peritoneal leukocyte MSR1 expression levels. However, rhPRG4-treated mice exhibited significantly smaller aortic root lesions of 278 ± 21 × 103 μm2 compared with 339 ± 15 × 103 μm2 in the aortic root of control mice. The overall decreased atherosclerosis susceptibility coincided with a shift in the monocyte and macrophage polarization states towards the patrolling and anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes, respectively. Furthermore, rhPRG4 treatment significantly reduced macrophage gene expression levels as well as plasma protein levels of the pro-inflammatory/pro-atherogenic cytokine TNF-alpha. In conclusion, we have shown that peritoneal administration and subsequent systemic exposure to rhPRG4 beneficially impacts the inflammatory state and reduces atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice. Our findings highlight that PRG4 is not only a lubricant but also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. KEY POINTS: Endogenously produced proteoglycan 4 is found in atherosclerotic lesions and its genetic deficiency in mice is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis susceptibility. In this study we investigated the anti-atherogenic potential of chronic treatment with recombinant human PRG4 in hypercholesterolaemic female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. We show that recombinant human PRG4 stimulates macrophage foam cell formation, but also dampens the pro-inflammatory state of monocyte/macrophages, eventually leading to a significant reduction in plasma TNF-alpha levels and a lowered atherosclerosis susceptibility. Our findings highlight that peritoneal recombinant human PRG4 treatment can execute effects both locally and systemically and suggest that it will be of interest to study whether rhPRG4 treatment is also able to inhibit the progression and/or induce regression of previously established atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olga S C Snip
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Janusz
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dankaona W, Nooroong P, Poolsawat N, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S, Anuracpreeda P. Recombinant expression and characterization of Canine circovirus capsid protein for diagnosis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1363524. [PMID: 38659451 PMCID: PMC11040689 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1363524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a contagious virus that causes severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, respiratory disease, and vasculitis, often resulting in fatality among infected dogs. In this study, a recombinant Capsid protein (rCap) of CanineCV was expressed in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) Rosetta (DE3) pLysS host cell, followed by affinity purification, and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, revealing a molecular weight of approximately 31 kDa. The antigenicity of the CanineCV rCap protein was confirmed through recognition by a rabbit anti-CanineCV rCap protein polyclonal antibody (PoAb). Additionally, the reactivity and specificity of this PoAb were assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis before applying in an immunohistochemistry (IHC), namely, immunoperoxidase detection. The immunoperoxidase assay using rabbit anti-CanineCV rCap protein PoAb demonstrated that the CanineCV Cap protein was predominantly located in immune cells, especially lymphocytes and macrophages, within the spleen, lung, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, small intestine, and kidney. Similarly, the Cap protein was also found in pneumocytes in the lung and renal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. These findings reflected the biological activity and cell tropism of the virus. Therefore, the recombinant Cap protein and its PoAb could be used for the development of a valuable diagnostic tool for CanineCV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichan Dankaona
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pornpiroon Nooroong
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Napassorn Poolsawat
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Qin X, An Y, Li X, Huang F, Zhou Y, Pei D, Bi H, Shi X, Fan W, Ding Y, Li S, Li S, Wang J. Generation and utilization of endostatin-sensitive cell lines for assessing the biological activity of endostatin. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e506. [PMID: 38525110 PMCID: PMC10960727 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are gaining increasing popularity for treating human diseases. The clinical effectiveness of recombinant proteins is directly related to their biological activity, which is an important indicator in drug development and quality control. However, certain recombinant proteins have unclear or complex signal pathways, making detecting their activity in vitro difficult. For instance, recombinant human endostatin (endostatin), a new antitumor drug developed in China, lacks a sensitive and stable assay for its biological activity since being market approval. To address this issue, we performed a genome-wide screening of immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library containing 20,000 targeted genes. We identified two potential endostatin-resistant genes, NEPSPP and UTS2, and successfully constructed a highly sensitive cell line, HUVEC-UTS2-3#, by knocking down the UTS2 gene. Based on the optimized parameters of HUVEC-UTS2-3# cells, we established a new method for detecting the biological activity of endostatin. The method was validated, and it produced results consistent with primary HUVEC cells but with higher sensitivity and more stable data. The use of gene-editing technology provides a novel solution for detecting the biological activity of recombinant proteins that other methods cannot detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Yifang An
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell EngineeringBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Dening Pei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Hua Bi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Xinchang Shi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Wenhong Fan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Youxue Ding
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
| | - Shuang Li
- Sinovac Research & Development Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell EngineeringBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and EvaluationBeijingChina
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7
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Silva K, Ribeiro AJ, Gandra I, Rezende C, Lopes L, Couto C, Freire V, Barcelos I, Pereira S, Xavier S, Campos-da-Paz M, Giunchetti R, Chávez-Fumagalli M, Gonçalves AA, Coelho E, Galdino A. A Review on the use of Synthetic and Recombinant Antigens for the Immunodiagnosis of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-139286. [PMID: 38509682 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673298705240311114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Improving the diagnostic technology used to detect tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is essential in view of it being a widespread, often neglected tropical disease with cases reported from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Recombinant proteins, recombinant multiepitope proteins, and synthetic peptides have been extensively researched and used in disease diagnosis. One of the benefits of applying these antigens is a measurable increase in sensitivity and specificity, which improves test accuracy. The present review aims to describe the antigens and their diagnostic effectiveness. With that in mind, a bibliographic survey was conducted on the PudMed platform using the search terms "tegumentary leishmaniasis" AND "diagno", revealing that recombinant proteins have been described and evaluated for their value in TL diagnosis since the 1990s. However, there was a spike in the number of publications using all of the antigens between 2013 and 2022, confirming an expansion in research efforts to improve diagnosis. Moreover, all of the studies involving different antigens had promising results, including improved sensitivity and specificity. These data recognize the importance of doing research with new technologies focused on developing quick, more effective diagnostic kits as early diagnosis facilitates treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Isadora Gandra
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Carlos Rezende
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Carolina Couto
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Verônica Freire
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Isabelle Barcelos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Sabrina Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Sandra Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos-da-Paz
- Laboratório de Bioativos e Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Ana Alice Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296, Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
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8
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Idrovo-Hidalgo T, Pignataro MF, Bredeston LM, Elias F, Herrera MG, Pavan MF, Foscaldi S, Suireszcz M, Fernández NB, Wetzler DE, Paván CH, Craig PO, Roman EA, Ruberto LAM, Noseda DG, Ibañez LI, Czibener C, Ugalde JE, Nadra AD, Santos J, D'Alessio C. Deglycosylated RBD produced in Pichia pastoris as a low-cost sera COVID-19 diagnosis tool and a vaccine candidate. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad089. [PMID: 37944064 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 outbreak, numerous tools including protein-based vaccines have been developed. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (synonymous to Komagataella phaffii) is an eukaryotic cost-effective and scalable system for recombinant protein production, with the advantages of an efficient secretion system and the protein folding assistance of the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. In a previous work, we compared the expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain in P. pastoris with that in human cells. Although the size and glycosylation pattern was different between them, their protein structural and conformational features were indistinguishable. Nevertheless, since high mannose glycan extensions in proteins expressed by yeast may be the cause of a nonspecific immune recognition, we deglycosylated RBD in native conditions. This resulted in a highly pure, homogenous, properly folded and monomeric stable protein. This was confirmed by circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectra and by SEC-HPLC, which were similar to those of RBD proteins produced in yeast or human cells. Deglycosylated RBD was obtained at high yields in a single step, and it was efficient in distinguishing between SARS-CoV-2-negative and positive sera from patients. Moreover, when the deglycosylated variant was used as an immunogen, it elicited a humoral immune response ten times greater than the glycosylated form, producing antibodies with enhanced neutralizing power and eliciting a more robust cellular response. The proposed approach may be used to produce at a low cost, many antigens that require glycosylation to fold and express, but do not require glycans for recognition purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Idrovo-Hidalgo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Pignataro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965 C1113AAD. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis M Bredeston
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965 C1113AAD. Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Elias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Fundación Pablo Cassará, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Pavan
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Foscaldi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mayra Suireszcz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia B Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana E Wetzler
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos H Paván
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, LANAIS-PROEM, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio O Craig
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto A Roman
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas A M Ruberto
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, Av. 25 de Mayo 1147, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego G Noseda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia S/N, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena I Ibañez
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia S/N, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Ugalde
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia S/N, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia D'Alessio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Choi HJ, Lee H, Cheong DE, Yoo SK, Lee DE, Kim GJ. Construction and characterization of a functional variant hFGF7 with enhanced properties by circular permutation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300712. [PMID: 38528341 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 7 (hFGF7) is a member of the paracrine-acting FGF family and mediates various reactions such as wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and liver regeneration. These activities make it a plausible candidate for pharmaceutical applications as a drug. However, the low expression level and stability of the recombinant hFGF7 were known to be major hurdles for further applications. Here, the expression level and stability of hFGF7 were attempted to improve by changing the order of amino acids through circular permutation (CP), thereby expecting an alternative fate according to the N-end rule. CP-hFGF7 variants were constructed systematically by using putative amino acid residues in the loop region that avoided the disruption of the structural integrity especially in the functional motif. Among them, cp-hFGF7115-114 revealed a relatively higher expression level in the soluble fraction than the wild-type hFGF7 and was efficiently purified (7 mg L-1) to apparent homogeneity. The activity and stability of the purified variant cp-hFGF7115-114 were comparable or superior to that of the wild-type hFGF7, thereby strongly suggesting that CP could be an alternative tool for the functional expression of hFGF7 in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanui Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Cheong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lepore T, Macrae AI, Cantón GJ, Cantile C, Martineau HM, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Cahalan S, Underwood C, Katzer F, Chianini F. Evaluation of species-specific polyclonal antibodies to detect and differentiate between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241234322. [PMID: 38420701 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241234322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are major causes of abortion in livestock worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. Detection tools are fundamental to the diagnosis and management of those diseases. Current immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests, using sera raised against whole parasite lysates, have not been able to distinguish between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. We used T. gondii and N. caninum recombinant proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using insoluble conditions, to produce specific polyclonal rabbit antisera. We aimed to develop species-specific sera that could be used in IHC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections to improve the diagnosis of ruminant abortions caused by protozoa. Two polyclonal rabbit sera, raised against recombinant proteins, anti-Neospora-rNcSRS2 and anti-Toxoplasma-rTgSRS2, had specificity for the parasite they were raised against. We tested the specificity for each polyclonal serum using FFPE tissue sections known to be infected with T. gondii and N. caninum. The anti-Neospora-rNcSRS2 serum labeled specifically only N. caninum-infected tissue blocks, and the anti-Toxoplasma-rTgSRS2 serum was specific to only T. gondii-infected tissues. Moreover, tissues from 52 cattle and 19 sheep previously diagnosed by lesion profiles were tested using IHC with our polyclonal sera and PCR. The overall agreement between IHC and PCR was 90.1% for both polyclonal anti-rNcSRS2 and anti-rTgSRS2 sera. The polyclonal antisera were specific and allowed visual confirmation of protozoan parasites by IHC, but they were not as sensitive as PCR testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair I Macrae
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Scotland, UK
| | - Germán J Cantón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina
| | | | - Henny M Martineau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen Cahalan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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11
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Alhadidy MM, Kanaan NM. Biochemical approaches to assess the impact of post-translational modifications on pathogenic tau conformations using recombinant protein. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:301-318. [PMID: 38348781 PMCID: PMC10903483 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Tau protein is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Aggregates of tau are thought of as a main contributor to neurodegeneration in these diseases. Increasingly, evidence points to earlier, soluble conformations of abnormally modified monomers and multimeric tau as toxic forms of tau. The biological processes driving tau from physiological species to pathogenic conformations remain poorly understood, but certain avenues are currently under investigation including the functional consequences of various pathological tau changes (e.g. mutations, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and protein-protein interactions). PTMs can regulate several aspects of tau biology such as proteasomal and autophagic clearance, solubility, and aggregation. Moreover, PTMs can contribute to the transition of tau from normal to pathogenic conformations. However, our understating of how PTMs specifically regulate the transition of tau into pathogenic conformations is partly impeded by the relative lack of structured frameworks to assess and quantify these conformations. In this review, we describe a set of approaches that includes several in vitro assays to determine the contribution of PTMs to tau's transition into known pathogenic conformations. The approaches begin with different methods to create recombinant tau proteins carrying specific PTMs followed by validation of the PTMs status. Then, we describe a set of biochemical and biophysical assays that assess the contribution of a given PTM to different tau conformations, including aggregation, oligomerization, exposure of the phosphatase-activating domain, and seeding. Together, these approaches can facilitate the advancement of our understanding of the relationships between PTMs and tau conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alhadidy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas M. Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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12
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Son L, Kost V, Maiorov V, Sukhov D, Arkhangelskaya P, Ivanov I, Kudryavtsev D, Siniavin A, Utkin Y, Kasheverov I. Efficient Expression in Leishmania tarentolae (LEXSY) of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein and the Acetylcholine-Binding Protein from Lymnaea stagnalis. Molecules 2024; 29:943. [PMID: 38474455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmania tarentolae (LEXSY) system is an inexpensive and effective expression approach for various research and medical purposes. The stated advantages of this system are the possibility of obtaining the soluble product in the cytoplasm, a high probability of correct protein folding with a full range of post-translational modifications (including uniform glycosylation), and the possibility of expressing multi-subunit proteins. In this paper, a LEXSY expression system has been employed for obtaining the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the homopentameric acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) from Lymnaea stagnalis. RBD is actively used to obtain antibodies against the virus and in various scientific studies on the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of the virus with host cell targets. AChBP represents an excellent structural model of the ligand-binding extracellular domain of all subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Both products were obtained in a soluble glycosylated form, and their structural and functional characteristics were compared with those previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Son
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kost
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Maiorov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sukhov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Arkhangelskaya
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Kudryavtsev
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Siniavin
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Utkin
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kasheverov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Gasanov V, Vorotelyak E, Vasiliev A. Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide SE-33-A2P, a Modified Analog of Cathelicidin, and an Analysis of Its Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:190. [PMID: 38391576 PMCID: PMC10886013 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method for the expression of the antimicrobial peptide SE-33-A2P in E. coli bacterial cells. The SE-33-A2P peptide consists of A2P and SE-33 peptides and is a retro analog of cathelicidin possessing antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the A2P peptide is a self-cleaving peptide. For an efficient expression of the SE-33-A2P peptide, a gene encoding several repetitive sequences of the SE-33 peptide separated by A2P sequences was created. The gene was cloned into a plasmid, with which E. coli cells were transformed. An induction of the product expression was carried out by IPTG after the cell culture gained high density. The inducible expression product, due to the properties of the A2P peptide, was cleaved in the cell into SE-33-A2P peptides. As the next step, the SE-33-A2P peptide was purified using filtration and chromatography. Its activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, was proved. The developed approach for obtaining a prokaryotic system for the expression of a highly active antimicrobial peptide expands the opportunities for producing antimicrobial peptides via industrial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagif Gasanov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Vasiliev
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Bagheri M, Bonyani M, Sedaghat H, Raz A, Azizi K, Soltani A, Alipour H. Cloning, expression and molecular analysis of recombinant Netrin-A protein of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231223607. [PMID: 38292417 PMCID: PMC10826387 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231223607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is used in larval therapy for wound healing. Netrin-A is an enzyme secreted from the salivary glands of these larvae, and has a central role in neural regeneration and angiogenesis. This study aimed to produce the recombinant Netrin-A protein from Lucilia sericata larvae by the baculovirus expression vector system in the Sf9 insect cell line. Methods The coding sequence of Netrin-A was cloned, amplified in the pTG19 vector, and then cloned in the pFastBac HTA vector. It was then transformed into DH10Bac, and the recombinant Bacmid was subsequently transfected into Sf9 cells. The recombinant Netrin-A was purified by Ni-NTA agarose. The evaluation was done using SDS-PAGE and western blot, respectively. Finally, its concentration was calculated with the Bradford assay. Results The molecular weight of this protein was 52 kDa with 404 amino acids. The signal peptide was located between amino acids 24 and 25. The concentration of Netrin-A was calculated to be 48.8 μg/ml. It reaffirmed the characterized gene codes of Lucilia sericata Netrin-A in a previous study. Conclusions The generation of recombinant Netrin-A could be used in larval therapy, and as a biomarker in certain diseases. The netrin-A of Lucilia sericata was unprecedentedly cloned and expressed in a eukaryotic cell line. Given that this larva is FDA-approved, and non-pathogenic, it conduces to research on the development of maggot therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Djafar Moemenbellah-Fard
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bonyani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Sedaghat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbasali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Azizi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abouzar Soltani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Kong Z, Xiong X, Wu C, Pan W. [High-level expression of anti FLAG tag antibody in plants]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2024; 40:269-279. [PMID: 38258646 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant bioreactor is a new production platform for expression of recombinant protein, which is one of the cores of molecular farming. In this study, the anti DYKDDDDK (FLAG) antibody was recombinantly expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and purified. FLAG antibody with high affinity was obtained after immunizing mice for several times and its sequence was determined. Based on this, virus vectors expressing heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by using Agrobacterium-mediated delivery. Accumulation of the HC and LC was analyzed by SDS/PAGE followed by Western blotting probed with specific antibodies from 2 to 9 days postinfiltration (dpi). Accumulation of the FLAG antibody displayed at 3 dpi, and reached a maximum at 5 dpi. It was estimated that 66 mg of antibody per kilogram of fresh leaves could be obtained. After separation and purification, the antibody was concentrated to 1 mg/mL. The 1:10 000 diluted antibody can probe with 1 ng/mL FLAG fused antigen well, indicating the high affinity of the FLAG antibody produced in plants. In conclusion, the plant bioreactor is able to produce high affinity FLAG antibodies, with the characteristics of simplicity, low cost and highly added value, which contains enormous potential for the rapid and abundant biosynthesis of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Kong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Functional Analysis, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoran Xiong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Functional Analysis, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Hunan Novomore Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Weisong Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Functional Analysis, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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Sung J, Cheong Y, Kim YS, Ahn J, Sohn MH, Byun S, Seong BL. Harnessing Pentameric Scaffold of Cholera Toxin B (CTB) for Design of Subvirion Recombinant Dengue Virus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 38250905 PMCID: PMC10819241 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is an enveloped virus with an icosahedral assembly of envelope proteins (E). The E proteins are arranged as a head-to-tail homodimer, and domain III (EDIII) is placed at the edge of the dimer, converging to a pentamer interface. For a structure-based approach, cholera toxin B (CTB) was harnessed as a structural scaffold for the five-fold symmetry of EDIII. Pivoted by an RNA-mediated chaperone for the protein folding and assembly, CTB-EDIII of dengue serotype 1 (DV1) was successfully produced as soluble pentamers in an E. coli host with a high yield of about 28 mg/L. Immunization of mice with CTB-DV1EDIII elicited increased levels of neutralizing antibodies against infectious viruses compared to the control group immunized with DV1EDIII without CTB fusion. IgG isotype switching into a balanced Th1/Th2 response was also observed, probably triggered by the intrinsic adjuvant activity of CTB. Confirming the immune-enhancing potential of CTB in stabilizing the pentamer assembly of EDIII, this study introduces a low-cost bacterial production platform designed to augment the soluble production of subunit vaccine candidates, particularly those targeting flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemin Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Jina Ahn
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Wen F, Wang Y, Tu B, Cui L. Superfast Gelation of Spider Silk-Based Artificial Silk Protein. Gels 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38247791 PMCID: PMC10815891 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spider silk proteins (spidroins) have garnered attention in biomaterials research due to their ability to self-assemble into hydrogels. However, reported spidroin hydrogels require high protein concentration and prolonged gelation time. Our study engineered an artificial spidroin that exhibits unprecedented rapid self-assembly into hydrogels at physiologically relevant conditions, achieving gelation at a low concentration of 6 mg/mL at 37 °C without external additives. Remarkably, at a 30 mg/mL concentration, our engineered protein forms hydrogels within 30 s, a feature we termed "superfast gelation". This rapid formation is modulated by ions, pH, and temperature, offering versatility in biomedical applications. The hydrogel's capacity to encapsulate proteins and support E. coli growth while inducing RFP expression provides a novel platform for drug delivery and bioengineering applications. Our findings introduce a superfast, highly adaptable, and cytocompatible hydrogel that self-assembles under mild conditions, underscoring the practical implication of rapid gelation in biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wen
- CCZU-JITRI Joint Bio-X Lab, School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (F.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- CCZU-JITRI Joint Bio-X Lab, School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (F.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bowen Tu
- Pathogenic Biological Laboratory, Changzhou Disease Control and Prevention Centre, Changzhou Medical Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China;
| | - Lun Cui
- CCZU-JITRI Joint Bio-X Lab, School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (F.W.); (Y.W.)
- Biomaterials Lab, Changzhou AiRiBio Healthcare Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213164, China
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Sapa D, Brosse A, Coullon H, Péan de Ponfilly G, Candela T, Le Monnier A. A Streamlined Method to Obtain Biologically Active TcdA and TcdB Toxins from Clostridioides difficile. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38251254 PMCID: PMC10821508 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The major virulence factors of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) are enterotoxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). The study of toxins is a crucial step in exploring the virulence of this pathogen. Currently, the toxin purification process is either laborious and time-consuming in C. difficile or performed in heterologous hosts. Therefore, we propose a streamlined method to obtain functional toxins in C. difficile. Two C. difficile strains were generated, each harboring a sequence encoding a His-tag at the 3' end of C. difficile 630∆erm tcdA or tcdB genes. Each toxin gene is expressed using the Ptet promoter, which is inducible by anhydro-tetracycline. The obtained purification yields were 0.28 mg and 0.1 mg per liter for rTcdA and rTcdB, respectively. In this study, we successfully developed a simple routine method that allows the production and purification of biologically active rTcdA and rTcdB toxins with similar activities compared to native toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Sapa
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.S.); (H.C.); (G.P.d.P.); (T.C.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Anaïs Brosse
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.S.); (H.C.); (G.P.d.P.); (T.C.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Héloïse Coullon
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.S.); (H.C.); (G.P.d.P.); (T.C.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Gauthier Péan de Ponfilly
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.S.); (H.C.); (G.P.d.P.); (T.C.); (A.L.M.)
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, 75674 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Candela
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.S.); (H.C.); (G.P.d.P.); (T.C.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Alban Le Monnier
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.S.); (H.C.); (G.P.d.P.); (T.C.); (A.L.M.)
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, 75674 Paris, France
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19
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Nakaniwa R, Misawa Y, Nakasato S, Sano K, Tanaka Y, Nakatani S, Kobata K. Biochemical Aspects of Putative Aminotransferase Responsible for Converting Vanillin to Vanillylamine in the Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Capsicum Plants. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:559-565. [PMID: 38134368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis pathway of capsaicinoids includes the conversion of vanillin to vanillylamine, where putative aminotransferase (pAMT) is thought to be the enzyme responsible in Capsicum plants. The objectives of this study were to prove that pAMT is the enzyme responsible for this conversion in plants and to clarify its catalytic properties using biochemical methods. Both an extract of habanero placenta and recombinant pAMT (rpAMT) constructed by using an Escherichia coli expression system were able to convert vanillin to vanillylamine in the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid as an amino donor and pyridoxal phosphate as a coenzyme. Conversion from vanillin to vanillylamine by the placenta extract was significantly attenuated by adding an anti-pAMT antibody to the reaction system. The amino donor specificity and affinity for vanillin of rpAMT were similar to those of the placenta extract. We thus confirmed that pAMT is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of vanillin to vanillylamine in capsaicinoid synthesis in Capsicum fruits. Therefore, we propose that pAMT should henceforth be named vanillin aminotransferase (VAMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakaniwa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Saika Nakasato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakatani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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20
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Tang S, Tao J, Li Y. Challenges and solutions for the downstream purification of therapeutic proteins. Antib Ther 2024; 7:1-12. [PMID: 38235378 PMCID: PMC10791043 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The innovation in recombinant protein technology has brought forth a host of challenges related to the purification of these therapeutic proteins. This article delves into the intricate landscape of developing purification processes for artificially designed therapeutic proteins. The key hurdles include controlling protein reduction, protein capture, ensuring stability, eliminating aggregates, removing host cell proteins and optimizing protein recovery. In this review, we outline the purification strategies in order to obtain products of high purity, highlighting the corresponding solutions to circumvent the unique challenges presented by recombinant therapeutic proteins, and exemplify the practical applications by case studies. Finally, a perspective towards future purification process development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoli Tao
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
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21
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Lim S, Kwon HJ, Jeong DG, Nie H, Lee S, Ko SR, Lee KS, Ryu YB, Mason HS, Kim HS, Shin AY, Kwon SY. Enhanced binding and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by a plant-derived ACE2 protein containing a fused mu tailpiece. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300319. [PMID: 37853601 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) present an increasingly persistent crisis in many parts of the world. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a crucial cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inhibition of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 has been proposed as a target for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We produced four recombinant plant-derived ACE2 isoforms with or without the mu tailpiece (μ-tp) of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and the KDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention motif in a plant expression system. The plant-derived ACE2 isoforms bound whole SARS-CoV-2 virus and the isolated receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Fusion of μ-tp and KDEL to the ACE2 protein (ACE2 μK) had enhanced binding activity with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with unmodified ACE2 protein derived from CHO cells. Furthermore, the plant-derived ACE2 μK protein exhibited no cytotoxic effects on Vero E6 cells and effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection. The efficient and rapid scalability of plant-derived ACE2 μK protein offers potential for the development of preventive and therapeutic agents in the early response to future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hualin Nie
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Rin Ko
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh S Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy (CIVV), The Biodesign Institute at ASU, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kajihara R, Ezaki R, Watanabe T, Ichikawa K, Matsuzaki M, Horiuchi H. Evaluation of expression systems for recombinant protein production in chicken egg bioreactors. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300316. [PMID: 37859508 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chicken eggs have gained attention as excellent bioreactors because of their genetic modifications. However, the development of chicken egg bioreactors requires a long time from the construction of the production system to the evaluation of the products. Therefore, in this study, a chicken cell line producing ovalbumin (OVA) was established and constructed a system for the rapid evaluation of the production system. First, the EF1α promoter was knocked in upstream of the OVA locus in chicken DF-1 cells for continuous OVA expression. Furthermore, an ideal position at the OVA locus for the insertion of useful protein genes to maximize recombinant protein yield was analyzed and identified. The knocking in the EF1α promoter upstream of exon1 yielded the maximum production of OVA protein was achieved. In addition, Linking a recombinant hFGF2 cDNA to the 5' side of the OVA was found to increase production efficiency. Therefore, an OVA-expressing cell line and an evaluation system for proteins in chicken egg bioreactors was established. The findings may improve the efficiency of chicken expression systems and expand their applications in protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kajihara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Ezaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tenkai Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Muranishi K, Kinoshita M, Inoue K, Ohara J, Mihara T, Sudo K, Ishii KJ, Sawa T, Ishikura H. Antibody Response Following the Intranasal Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-CpG Oligonucleotide Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 38276664 PMCID: PMC10818492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus infection causes severe respiratory failure following respiratory tract infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). All currently approved vaccines are administered intramuscularly; however, intranasal administration enhances mucosal immunity, facilitating the production of a less invasive vaccine with fewer adverse events. Herein, a recombinant vaccine combining the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), or S1 protein, with CpG-deoxyoligonucleotide (ODN) or aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvants was administered intranasally or subcutaneously to mice. Serum-specific IgG titers, IgA titers in the alveolar lavage fluid, and neutralizing antibody titers were analyzed. The nasal administration of RBD protein did not increase serum IgG or IgA titers in the alveolar lavage fluid. However, a significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the intranasal group administered with S1 protein with CpG-ODN and the subcutaneous group administered with S1 protein with alum. The IgA and IgG levels increased significantly in the alveolar lavage fluid only after the intranasal administration of the S1 protein with CpG-ODN. The neutralizing antibody titers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly higher in the intranasal S1-CpG group than in every other group. Hence, the nasal administration of the S1 protein vaccine with CpG adjuvant might represent an effective vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Muranishi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan; (K.M.); (H.I.)
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Keita Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Junya Ohara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshihito Mihara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.I.); (J.O.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan; (K.M.); (H.I.)
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Mosqueda J, Hernández-Silva DJ, Vega-López MA, Vega-Rojas LJ, Beltrán R, Velasco-Elizondo A, Ramírez-Estudillo MDC, Fragoso-Saavedra M, Pérez-Almeida C, Hernández J, Melgoza-González EA, Hinojosa-Trujillo D, Mercado-Uriostegui MÁ, Mejía-López AS, Rivera-Ballesteros C, García-Gasca T. Evaluation of the humoral and mucosal immune response of a multiepitope vaccine against COVID-19 in pigs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276950. [PMID: 38179057 PMCID: PMC10765521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study evaluated the immune response to a multiepitope recombinant chimeric protein (CHIVAX) containing B- and T-cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike's receptor binding domain (RBD) in a translational porcine model for pre-clinical studies. Methods We generated a multiepitope recombinant protein engineered to include six coding conserved epitopes from the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Pigs were divided into groups and immunized with different doses of the protein, with serum samples collected over time to determine antibody responses by indirect ELISA and antibody titration. Peptide recognition was also analyzed by Western blotting. A surrogate neutralization assay with recombinant ACE2 and RBDs was performed. Intranasal doses of the immunogen were also prepared and tested on Vietnamese minipigs. Results When the immunogen was administered subcutaneously, it induced specific IgG antibodies in pigs, and higher doses correlated with higher antibody levels. Antibodies from immunized pigs recognized individual peptides in the multiepitope vaccine and inhibited RBD-ACE2 binding for five variants of concern (VOC). Comparative antigen delivery methods showed that both, subcutaneous and combined subcutaneous/intranasal approaches, induced specific IgG and IgA antibodies, with the subcutaneous approach having superior neutralizing activity. CHIVAX elicited systemic immunity, evidenced by specific IgG antibodies in the serum, and local mucosal immunity, indicated by IgA antibodies in saliva, nasal, and bronchoalveolar lavage secretions. Importantly, these antibodies demonstrated neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Discussion The elicited antibodies recognized individual epitopes on the chimeric protein and demonstrated the capacity to block RBD-ACE2 binding of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and four VOCs. The findings provide proof of concept for using multiepitope recombinant antigens and a combined immunization protocol to induce a neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in the pig translational model for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mosqueda
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Diego Josimar Hernández-Silva
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Vega-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lineth J. Vega-Rojas
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rolando Beltrán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Velasco-Elizondo
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Ramírez-Estudillo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Fragoso-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de las Mucosas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Chyntia Pérez-Almeida
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Edgar A. Melgoza-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Mercado-Uriostegui
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alma Susana Mejía-López
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rivera-Ballesteros
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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25
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Brans V, Gray MD, Sezgin E, Stride EPJ. Protein-Decorated Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Mediated Cell Surface Manipulation. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5746-5758. [PMID: 38048163 PMCID: PMC10731656 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Delivering cargo to the cell membranes of specific cell types in the body is a major challenge for a range of treatments, including immunotherapy. This study investigates employing protein-decorated microbubbles (MBs) and ultrasound (US) to "tag" cellular membranes of interest with a specific protein. Phospholipid-coated MBs were produced and functionalized with a model protein using a metallochelating complex through an NTA(Ni) and histidine residue interaction. Successful "tagging" of the cellular membrane was observed using microscopy in adherent cells and was promoted by US exposure. Further modification of the MB surface to enable selective binding to target cells was then achieved by functionalizing the MBs with a targeting protein (transferrin) that specifically binds to a receptor on the target cell membrane. Attachment and subsequent transfer of material from MBs functionalized with transferrin to the target cells significantly increased, even in the absence of US. This work demonstrates the potential of these MBs as a platform for the noninvasive delivery of proteins to the surface of specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle
A. Brans
- Department
of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DL, U.K.
| | - Michael D. Gray
- Department
of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DL, U.K.
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s
Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Eleanor P. J. Stride
- Department
of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DL, U.K.
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26
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Rak A, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Overview of Nucleocapsid-Targeting Vaccines against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1810. [PMID: 38140214 PMCID: PMC10747980 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged in late 2019, is a highly variable causative agent of COVID-19, a contagious respiratory disease with potentially severe complications. Vaccination is considered the most effective measure to prevent the spread and complications of this infection. Spike (S) protein-based vaccines were very successful in preventing COVID-19 caused by the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain; however, their efficacy was significantly reduced when coronavirus variants antigenically different from the original strain emerged in circulation. This is due to the high variability of this major viral antigen caused by escape from the immunity caused by the infection or vaccination with spike-targeting vaccines. The nucleocapsid protein (N) is a much more conserved SARS-CoV-2 antigen than the spike protein and has therefore attracted the attention of scientists as a promising target for broad-spectrum vaccine development. Here, we summarized the current data on various N-based COVID-19 vaccines that have been tested in animal challenge models or clinical trials. Despite the high conservatism of the N protein, escape mutations gradually occurring in the N sequence can affect its protective properties. During the three years of the pandemic, at least 12 mutations have arisen in the N sequence, affecting more than 40 known immunogenic T-cell epitopes, so the antigenicity of the N protein of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants may be altered. This fact should be taken into account as a limitation in the development of cross-reactive vaccines based on N-protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (I.I.-S.); (L.R.)
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27
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Hovanová V, Hovan A, Humenik M, Sedlák E. Only kosmotrope anions trigger fibrillization of the recombinant core spidroin eADF4(C16) from Araneus diadematus. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4832. [PMID: 37937854 PMCID: PMC10661072 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant core spidroin eADF4(C16) has received increasing attention due to its ability to form micro- and nano-structured scaffolds, which are based on nanofibrils with great potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Phosphate anions have been demonstrated to trigger the eADF4(C16) self-assembly into cross-beta fibrils. In the present work, we systematically addressed the effect of nine sodium anions, namely SO4 2- , HPO4 2- (Pi), F- , Cl- , Br- , NO3 - , I- , SCN- , and ClO4 - from the Hofmeister series on the in vitro self-assembly kinetics of eADF4(C16). We show that besides the phosphate anions, only kosmotropic anions such as sulfate and fluoride can initiate the eADF4(C16) fibril formation. Global analysis of the self-assembly kinetics, utilizing the platform AmyloFit, showed the nucleation-based mechanism with a major role of secondary nucleation, surprisingly independent of the type of the kosmotropic anion. The rate constant of the fibril elongation in mixtures of phosphate anions with other studied anions correlated with their kosmotropic or chaotropic position in the Hofmeister series. Our findings suggest an important role of anion hydration in the eADF4(C16) fibrillization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hovanová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering ScienceUniversity BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
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28
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Narayan G, Sen P, Nagotu S, Thummer RP. Biological activity of recombinant human PDX1 protein produced from Escherichia coli. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23511. [PMID: 37632262 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenum homeobox 1 (PDX1) is considered as a pivotal transcription factor that acts as a "master regulator" in pancreatogenesis and maintenance of β-cells. Earlier study has reported that PDX1 also functions as a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer cells by inhibiting cell growth. Here, we report the bioactivity of the purified human PDX1 fusion protein using various assays like cell migration, proliferation, cell cycle analysis, and gene expression. In cancer cells, recombinant PDX1 protein reduced cell migration and proliferation, and arrested cell growth by inducing apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. In pancreatic ductal cancer cells, the application of the PDX1 protein resulted in the induction of insulin gene expression. The results of these experiments demonstrate the biological activity imparted by recombinant human PDX1 fusion protein on gastric and pancreatic cancer cells and its usefulness as a biological tool to elucidate its function in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Plaboni Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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29
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Thagun C, Suzuki T, Kodama Y, Numata K. C-Terminal Domain Controls Protein Quality and Secretion of Spider Silk in Tobacco Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300011. [PMID: 37409415 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable mechanical strength and extensibility of spider dragline silk spidroins are attributed to the major ampullate silk proteins (MaSp). Although fragmented MaSp molecules have been extensively produced in various heterologous expression platforms for biotechnological applications, complete MaSp molecules are required to achieve instinctive spinning of spidroin fibers from aqueous solutions. Here, a plant cell-based expression platform for extracellular production of the entire MaSp2 protein is developed, which exhibits remarkable self-assembly properties to form spider silk nanofibrils. The engineered transgenic Bright-yellow 2 (BY-2) cell lines overexpressing recombinant secretory MaSp2 proteins yield 0.6-1.3 µg L-1 at 22 days post-inoculation, which is four times higher than those of cytosolic expressions. However, only 10-15% of these secretory MaSp2 proteins are discharged into the culture media. Surprisingly, expression of functional domain-truncated MaSp2 proteins lacking the C-terminal domain in transgenic BY-2 cells increases recombinant protein secretion incredibly, from 0.9 to 2.8 mg L-1 per day within 7 days. These findings demonstrate significant improvement in the extracellular production of recombinant biopolymers such as spider silk spidroins using plant cells. In addition, the results reveal the regulatory roles of the C-terminal domain of MaSp2 proteins in controlling their protein quality and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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30
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Li Y, Gao H, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Adam V, Kuca K. Recombinant ferritins for multimodal nanomedicine. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2219868. [PMID: 37263586 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2219868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In all living organisms, ferritins are a group of proteins important for maintaining iron homeostasis. Increasing amount of studies has shown that recombinant ferritins can be widely used in multimodal nanomedicine, especially for anticancer treatment and vaccination. Recombinant particles prepared by fusing viral proteins and ferritin subunits produce a better immune response and higher antibody titres. Moreover, actively-targeted ferritin nanoparticles can recognise receptors and deliver natural or chemical drugs specifically to the tumour tissue. In addition, ferritin-linked or loaded with contrast agents or fluorescent dyes can be used as multimodal particles useful cancer theranostics. In this review, we fully summarised the unitisation of recombinant ferritins in multimodal nanomedicine. The research progress of using recombinant ferritins as nanovaccines, nanozymes, and bioengineered nanocarriers for targeted therapy and bioimaging is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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31
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Kost V, Sukhov D, Ivanov I, Kasheverov I, Ojomoko L, Shelukhina I, Mozhaeva V, Kudryavtsev D, Feofanov A, Ignatova A, Utkin Y, Tsetlin V. Comparison of Conformations and Interactions with Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for E. coli-Produced and Synthetic Three-Finger Protein SLURP-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16950. [PMID: 38069271 PMCID: PMC10707033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SLURP-1 is a three-finger human protein targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The recombinant forms of SLURP-1 produced in E. coli differ in added fusion fragments and in activity. The closest in sequence to the naturally occurring SLURP-1 is the recombinant rSLURP-1, differing by only one additional N-terminal Met residue. sSLURP-1 can be prepared by peptide synthesis and its amino acid sequence is identical to that of the natural protein. In view of recent NMR analysis of the conformational mobility of rSLURP-1 and cryo-electron microscopy structures of complexes of α-bungarotoxin (a three-finger snake venom protein) with Torpedo californica and α7 nAChRs, we compared conformations of sSLURP-1 and rSLURP-1 by Raman spectroscopy and CD-controlled thermal denaturation, analyzed their competition with α-bungarotoxin for binding to the above-mentioned nAChRs, compared the respective receptor complexes with computer modeling and compared their inhibitory potency on the α9α10 nAChR. The CD revealed a higher thermostability of sSLURP-1; some differences between sSLURP-1 and rSLURP-1 were observed in the regions of disulfides and tyrosine residues by Raman spectroscopy, but in binding, computer modeling and electrophysiology, the proteins were similar. Thus, sSLURP-1 and rSLURP-1 with only one additional Met residue appear close in structure and functional characteristics, being appropriate for research on nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kost
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Dmitry Sukhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Igor Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Lucy Ojomoko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Vera Mozhaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8, bldg. 2 Trubetskaya Str., 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Feofanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Anastasia Ignatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yuri Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
| | - Victor Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (D.S.); (I.I.); (I.K.); (L.O.); (I.S.); (V.M.); (D.K.); (A.F.); (Y.U.)
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Kretzmer C, Reger K, Balassi V, Pham QL, Johns M, Peters ST, Petersen A, Mahadevan J, Gustin J, Borgschulte T, Razafsky D. Chemical and Genetic Modulation of Complex I of the Electron Transport Chain Enhances the Biotherapeutic Protein Production Capacity of CHO Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2661. [PMID: 37998396 PMCID: PMC10670226 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the cell line of choice for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins. Despite improvements in production processes, reducing manufacturing costs remains a key driver in the search for more productive clones. To identify media additives capable of increasing protein production, CHOZN® GS-/- cell lines were screened with 1280 small molecules, and two were identified, forskolin and BrdU, which increased productivity by ≥40%. While it is possible to incorporate these small molecules into a commercial-scale process, doing so may not be financially feasible or could raise regulatory concerns related to the purity of the final drug substance. To circumvent these issues, RNA-Seq was performed to identify transcripts which were up- or downregulated upon BrdU treatment. Subsequent Reactome pathway analysis identified the electron transport chain as an affected pathway. CRISPR/Cas9 was utilized to create missense mutations in two independent components of the electron transport chain and the resultant clones partially recapitulated the phenotypes observed upon BrdU treatment, including the productivity of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Together, this work suggests that BrdU can enhance the productivity of CHO cells by modulating cellular energetics and provides a blueprint for translating data from small molecule chemical screens into genetic engineering targets to improve the performance of CHO cells. This could ultimately lead to more productive host cell lines and a more cost-effective method of supplying medication to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Razafsky
- Upstream Research and Development, MilliporeSigma, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA (A.P.); (J.G.); (T.B.)
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Zhu X, Li M, Zhu R, Xin Y, Guo Z, Gu Z, Zhang L, Guo Z. Up Front Unfolded Protein Response Combined with Early Protein Secretion Pathway Engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica to Attenuate ER Stress Caused by Enzyme Overproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16426. [PMID: 38003616 PMCID: PMC10670989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as an efficient host to produce recombinant proteins remains a longstanding goal for applied biocatalysis. During the protein overproduction, the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins causes ER stress and cell dysfunction in Y. lipolytica. In this study, we evaluated the effects of several potential ER chaperones and translocation components on relieving ER stress by debottlenecking the protein synthetic machinery during the production of the endogenous lipase 2 and the E. coli β-galactosidase. Our results showed that improving the activities of the non-dominant translocation pathway (SRP-independent) boosted the production of the two proteins. While the impact of ER chaperones is protein dependent, the nucleotide exchange factor Sls1p for protein folding catalyst Kar2p is recognized as a common contributor enhancing the secretion of the two enzymes. With the identified protein translocation components and ER chaperones, we then exemplified how these components can act synergistically with Hac1p to enhance recombinant protein production and relieve the ER stress on cell growth. Specifically, the yeast overexpressing Sls1p and cytosolic heat shock protein Ssa8p and Ssb1p yielded a two-fold increase in Lip2p secretion compared with the control, while co-overexpressing Ssa6p, Ssb1p, Sls1p and Hac1p resulted in a 90% increase in extracellular β-galp activity. More importantly, the cells sustained a maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of 0.38 h-1 and a biomass yield of 0.95 g-DCW/g-glucose, only slightly lower than that was obtained by the wild type strain. This work demonstrated engineering ER chaperones and translocation as useful strategies to facilitate the development of Y. lipolytica as an efficient protein-manufacturing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Moying Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongpeng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Z.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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He W, Hao G, Xiong C, Xiao J, Pu J, Chen H, Xu L, Zhu Y, Yang G. Protection against Eimeria intestinalis infection in rabbits immunized with the recombinant elongation factors EF1α and EFG. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0020823. [PMID: 37823630 PMCID: PMC10652966 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00208-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eimeria intestinalis is the most pathogenic species of rabbit coccidiosis, causing weight loss, diarrhea, and even acute death. The currently used anticoccidial drugs against E. intestinalis in rabbits are associated with drug resistance and residues. Immunological control might be a potential alternative. We cloned and expressed the E. intestinalis recombinant EF1α and EFG (rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG, respectively). Rabbits were immunized subcutaneously every 14 days with 100 µg of rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG and followed by 5 × 104 E. intestinalis sporulated oocysts orally challenge. Serum samples were collected every 7 days to measure the levels of specific antibodies and cytokines. On post-challenge day 14, rabbits were sacrificed and the anticoccidial index was evaluated. The rabbits of PBS challenged groups exhibited anorexia, diarrhea, marked intestinal wall thickening, and white nodules that formed patches, while rabbits from the rEi-EF1α or rEi-EFG challenged group exhibited milder symptoms. The rEi-EF1α group showed a 75.18% oocyst reduction and 89.01%wt gain; the rEi-EFG group had a 60.58% oocyst reduction and 56.04%wt gain. After vaccination, specific IgG levels increased and stayed high (P < 0.05). The IL-4 and IL-2 levels of rEi-EF1α immunized groups showed a significant increase after immunization (P < 0.05). Both rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG could induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In contrast, rabbits immunized with rEi-EF1α were better protected from challenge by E. intestinalis than rEi-EFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Hao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Changming Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayan Pu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
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Roa CC, de Los Reyes MRA, Plennevaux E, Smolenov I, Hu B, Gao F, Ilagan H, Ambrosino D, Siber G, Clemens R. Superior Boosting of Neutralizing Titers Against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Heterologous SCB-2019 Vaccine vs a Homologous Booster in CoronaVac-Primed Adults. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1253-1262. [PMID: 37439701 PMCID: PMC10629704 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared homologous and heterologous boosting in adults in the Philippines primed with 2 or 3 doses of CoronaVac, with recombinant protein vaccine, SCB-2019. METHODS CoronaVac-immunized adults (18-72 years) received a homologous or heterologous full or half dose SCB-2019 booster. We assessed all neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against prototype SARS-CoV-2 after 15 days and NAb against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in subsets (30‒50 per arm). Participants recorded adverse events. RESULTS In 2-dose CoronaVac-primed adults prototype NAb geometric mean titers (GMT) were 203 IU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 182-227) and 939 IU/mL (95% CI, 841-1049) after CoronaVac and SCB-2019 boosters; the GMT ratio (4.63; 95% CI, 3.95-5.41) met predefined noninferiority and post-hoc superiority criteria. After 3-dose CoronaVac-priming prototype NAb GMTs were 279 IU/mL (95% CI, 240-325), 1044 IU/mL (95% CI, 898-1213), and 668 IU/mL (95% CI, 520-829) following CoronaVac, full and half-dose SCB-2019 boosters, respectively. NAb GMT ratios against Delta and Omicron comparing SCB-2019 with CoronaVac were all greater than 2. Mild to moderate reactogenicity was evenly balanced between groups. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Full or half dose SCB-2019 boosters were well tolerated with superior immunogenicity than homologous CoronaVac, particularly against newly emerged variants. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT05188677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo C Roa
- Department of Physiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Igor Smolenov
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Branda Hu
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Faith Gao
- Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang L, Hatanaka T. Enhanced overexpression of secreted enzymes by discrete repeat promoters in Streptomyces lividans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1420-1426. [PMID: 37541954 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces lividans is an efficient host for extracellular overproduction of recombinant proteins. To enhance the overexpression strength of S. lividans, we designed several kinds of expression plasmids with different positioning of repeat promoters. The effect of repeat promoters was evaluated by measuring the accumulated amounts of a stable transglutaminase or an unstable carboxypeptidase that was secreted into the medium. Successive tandem positions of repeat promoters upstream of the normal promoter did not enhance the expression of transglutaminase. Discrete positions of repeat promoters both upstream and downstream of the normal promoter enhanced the expression of transglutaminase to 2-fold, and the downstream ones also enhanced the expression of carboxypeptidase to 1.7-fold. On the other hand, there were still some constructs of plasmids with discrete repeat promoters that did not promote the expression of the target enzymes, indicating the complexity of the mechanisms of repeat promoters working on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Yang
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), Okayama, 7549-1 Kibichuo-cho, Kaga-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hatanaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS), Okayama, 7549-1 Kibichuo-cho, Kaga-gun, Okayama, Japan
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Baryshnikova V, Turchenko Y, Tuchynskaya K, Belyaletdinova I, Butenko A, Dereventsova A, Ignatiev G, Kholodilov I, Larichev V, Lyapeykova E, Rogova A, Shakaryan A, Shishova A, Gmyl A, Karganova G. Recombinant TBEV Protein E of the Siberian Subtype Is a Candidate Antigen in the ELISA Test System for Differential Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3277. [PMID: 37892100 PMCID: PMC10606673 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most common members of the Orthoflavivirus genus, which comprises the causative agents of severe diseases in humans and animals. Due to the expanding areas of orthoflavivirus infection, its differential diagnosis is highly demanded. Commercial test kits based on inactivated TBEV may not provide reliable differentiation between flaviviruses because of serological crossover in this genus. Application of recombinant domains (sE and dIII) of the TBEV Sukhar-strain protein E as antigens in an ELISA test system allowed us to identify a wide range of antibodies specific to different TBEV strains. We tested 53 sera from human patients with confirmed TBE diagnosis (the efficacy of our test system based on sE protein was 98%) and 56 sera from patients with other orthoflavivirus infections in which no positive ones were detected using our ELISA test system, thus being indicative of its 100% specificity. We also tested mouse and rabbit sera containing antibodies specific to 17 TBEV strains belonging to different subtypes; this assay exhibited high efficacy and differentiation ability in detecting antibodies against TBEV from other orthoflaviviruses such as Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Powassan, yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Zika, and Japanese encephalitis viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Baryshnikova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuriy Turchenko
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ksenia Tuchynskaya
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilmira Belyaletdinova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Butenko
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology Division of N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Alena Dereventsova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Georgy Ignatiev
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivan Kholodilov
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Victor Larichev
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology Division of N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lyapeykova
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 125310, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya Rogova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Armen Shakaryan
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anna Shishova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anatoly Gmyl
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Galina Karganova
- FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia (Y.T.); (I.B.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Zha J, Liu D, Ren J, Liu Z, Wu X. Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Pichia pastoris Strains as Powerful Cell Factories. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1027. [PMID: 37888283 PMCID: PMC10608127 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is the most widely used microorganism for the production of secreted industrial proteins and therapeutic proteins. Recently, this yeast has been repurposed as a cell factory for the production of chemicals and natural products. In this review, the general physiological properties of P. pastoris are summarized and the readily available genetic tools and elements are described, including strains, expression vectors, promoters, gene editing technology mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, and adaptive laboratory evolution. Moreover, the recent achievements in P. pastoris-based biosynthesis of proteins, natural products, and other compounds are highlighted. The existing issues and possible solutions are also discussed for the construction of efficient P. pastoris cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (D.L.); (J.R.); (Z.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (D.L.); (J.R.); (Z.L.)
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Nonkhwao S, Rungsa P, Buraphaka H, Klaynongsruang S, Daduang J, Kornthong N, Daduang S. Characterization and Localization of Sol g 2.1 Protein from Solenopsis geminata Fire Ant Venom in the Central Nervous System of Injected Crickets ( Acheta domestica). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14814. [PMID: 37834262 PMCID: PMC10573061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solenopsis geminata is recognized for containing the allergenic proteins Sol g 1, 2, 3, and 4 in its venom. Remarkably, Sol g 2.1 exhibits hydrophobic binding and has a high sequence identity (83.05%) with Sol i 2 from S. invicta. Notably, Sol g 2.1 acts as a mediator, causing paralysis in crickets. Given its structural resemblance and biological function, Sol g 2.1 may play a key role in transporting hydrophobic potent compounds, which induce paralysis by releasing the compounds through the insect's nervous system. To investigate this further, we constructed and characterized the recombinant Sol g 2.1 protein (rSol g 2.1), identified with LC-MS/MS. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to reveal the structural features of the rSol g 2.1 protein. Furthermore, after treating crickets with S. geminata venom, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results revealed that the Sol g 2.1 protein primarily localizes to the neuronal cell membrane of the brain and thoracic ganglia, with distribution areas related to octopaminergic neuron cell patterns. Based on protein-protein interaction predictions, we found that the Sol g 2.1 protein can interact with octopamine receptors (OctRs) in neuronal cell membranes, potentially mediating Sol g 2.1's localization within cricket central nervous systems. Here, we suggest that Sol g 2.1 may enhance paralysis in crickets by acting as carriers of active molecules and releasing them onto target cells through pH gradients. Future research should explore the binding properties of Sol g 2.1 with ligands, considering its potential as a transporter for active molecules targeting pest nervous systems, offering innovative pest control prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Nonkhwao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Prapenpuksiri Rungsa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Hathairat Buraphaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Napamanee Kornthong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.N.); (P.R.); (H.B.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
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Feng S, Fan Z, Zhou K, Ma S, Liang M, Zhang H, Xie Y, Ha Z, Jin N, Lu H. Subunit vaccine raised against the SARS-CoV-2 spike of Delta and Omicron variants. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29160. [PMID: 37822266 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has proven effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection but vaccines were originally based on the wild type and emerging variants have led to a decrease in protective efficacy. There is an urgent need for broad-spectrum vaccine protection against emerging variants. A vaccine based on the Delta strain spike protein was created by optimization of vector, codon, and protein structure to produce a subunit immunogen (Delta-6P-S) containing six proline mutations, stable pre-fusion conformation, and with high expression in CHO-S cells. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in mice and golden hamsters using alum adjuvant. The Delta-6P-S recombinant protein induced strong immune responses in C57BL/6J mice and golden hamsters and sera had cross-neutralization activity and neutralized wild type and Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variant strains. Golden hamsters were immunized against Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants. Viral RNA detected from throat swabs, lungs and tracheas decreased significantly in vaccine-inoculated animals relative to alum-treated controls and no infectious viruses were detected in lungs and tracheas. Almost no pathological damage to lung tissue was found in vaccinated animals by contrast with those treated only with alum. The Delta-6P-S recombinant protein rapidly eliminated replicating virus in the upper and lower airways of golden hamsters and merits further investigation as a candidate anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zechang Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Keyue Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Beijing Northland Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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da Silva BB, da Silva Junior AB, Araújo LDS, Santos ENFN, da Silva ACM, Florean EOPT, van Tilburg MF, Guedes MIF. Subcutaneous, Oral, and Intranasal Immunization of BALB/c Mice with Leishmania infantum K39 Antigen Induces Non-Protective Humoral Immune Response. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:444. [PMID: 37755905 PMCID: PMC10534909 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a high-burden disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. The K39 kinesin is a highly antigenic protein of Leishmania infantum, but little is known about the immune response elicited by this antigen. We evaluated the humoral immune response of female BALB/c mice (n = 6) immunized with the rK39-HFBI construct, formed by the fusion of the K39 antigen to a hydrophobin partner. The rK39-HFBI construct was administered through subcutaneous, oral, and intranasal routes using saponin as an adjuvant. We analyzed the kinetics of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a production. The groups were then challenged by an intravenous infection with L. infantum promastigote cells. The rK39-HFBI antigen-induced high levels of total IgG (p < 0.05) in all groups, but only the subcutaneous route was associated with increased production of IgG1 and IgG2a 42 days after immunization (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential secondary immune response following the booster dose. There was no reduction in the splenic parasite load; thus, the rK39-HFBI failed to protect the mice against infection under the tested conditions. The results presented here demonstrate that the high antigenicity of the K39 antigen does not contribute to a protective immune response against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714903, Brazil
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da Costa HHM, Bielavsky M, Orts DJB, Araujo S, Adriani PP, Nogueira JS, Astray RM, Pandey RP, Lancellotti M, Cunha-Junior JP, Prudencio CR. Production of Recombinant Zika Virus Envelope Protein by Airlift Bioreactor as a New Subunit Vaccine Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13955. [PMID: 37762254 PMCID: PMC10531330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus of great public health concern, particularly in the Americas after its last outbreak in 2015. There are still major challenges regarding disease control, and there is no ZIKV vaccine currently approved for human use. Among many different vaccine platforms currently under study, the recombinant envelope protein from Zika Virus (rEZIKV) constitutes an alternative option for vaccine development and has great potential for monitoring ZIKV infection and antibody response. This study describes a method to obtain a bioactive and functional rEZIKV using an E. coli expression system, with the aid of a 5-L airlift bioreactor and following an automated fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) protocol, capable of obtaining high yields of approximately 20 mg of recombinant protein per liter of bacterium cultures. The purified rEZIKV presented preserved antigenicity and immunogenicity. Our results show that the use of an airlift bioreactor for the production of rEZIKV is ideal for establishing protocols and further research on ZIKV vaccines bioprocess, representing a promising system for the production of a ZIKV envelope recombinant protein-based vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan H. M. da Costa
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Monica Bielavsky
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Diego J. B. Orts
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Sergio Araujo
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P. Adriani
- Skinzymes Biotechnology Ltd., São Paulo 05441-040, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanopharmaceuticals and Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Renato M. Astray
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Multi-Purpose Laboratory Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Ramendra P. Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Marcelo Lancellotti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences—FCF, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Jair P. Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunotechnology, Department of Immunology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Prudencio
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Jamgochian HH, Zamakhaev MV, Sluchanko NN, Goncharenko AV, Shumkov MS. Development of Heterologous Expression System and Optimization of the Method of Cholera Toxin β-Subunit Production in E. coli. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1304-1317. [PMID: 37770397 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Cholera is a deadly infection disease, which is usually associated with low hygiene levels and limited access to high-quality drinking water. An effective way to prevent cholera is the use of vaccines. Among active vaccine components there is the CtxB protein (cholera toxin β-subunit). In the current work, we have developed a genetic system for production of the recombinant CtxB in E. coli cells and studied conditions for synthesis and purification of the target product at the laboratory scale. It has been found that the optimal algorithm for isolation of the recombinant protein is to grow E. coli culture in the synthetic M9 medium with glycerol, followed by CtxB purification out of the spent culture medium using Ni2+-chelate affinity chromatography techniques. Forty-eight hours after induction of CtxB expression, concentration of the target product could be up to 50 mg/liter in the culture medium. The CtxB protein retains its pentameric structure during expression and through purification. The latter makes it possible to consider the developed system as a promising tool for the industrial-level production of recombinant CtxB for medical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamesd H Jamgochian
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Zamakhaev
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Anna V Goncharenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Shumkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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44
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Bobrovsky PA, Kharlampieva DD, Kirillin SA, Brovina KA, Grafskaia EN, Lazarev VN, Manuvera VA. Upregulation of YciM Expression Reduces Endotoxin Contamination of Recombinant Proteins Produced in Escherichia coli Cells. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1318-1325. [PMID: 37770398 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli are often contaminated with endotoxins, which can be a serious problem for their further application. One of the possible solutions is the use of modified strains with reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. We compared two approaches to engineering such strains. The first commonly known approach was modification of LPS biosynthesis pathway by knocking out seven genes in the E. coli genome. The second approach, which has not been previously used, was to increase expression of E. coli protein YciM. According to the published data, elevated expression of YciM leads to the reduction in the amount of the LpxC enzyme involved in LPS biosynthesis. We investigated the impact of YciM coexpression with eGFP on the content of endotoxins in the purified recombinant eGFP samples. Both approaches provided similar outcomes, i.e., decreased the endotoxin levels in the purified protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Bobrovsky
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, 141701, Russia
| | - Daria D Kharlampieva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kirillin
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Brovina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, 141701, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Grafskaia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, 141701, Russia
| | - Valentin A Manuvera
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow, 141701, Russia
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45
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Álamo P, Parladé E, Favaro MTP, Gallardo A, Mendoza R, Ferreira LC, Roher N, Mangues R, Villaverde A, Vázquez E. Probing the Biosafety of Implantable Artificial Secretory Granules for the Sustained Release of Bioactive Proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:39167-39175. [PMID: 37614001 PMCID: PMC10450642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Among bio-inspired protein materials, secretory protein microparticles are of clinical interest as self-contained, slow protein delivery platforms that mimic secretory granules of the human endocrine system, in which the protein is both the drug and the scaffold. Upon subcutaneous injection, their progressive disintegration results in the sustained release of the building block polypeptides, which reach the bloodstream for systemic distribution and subsequent biological effects. Such entities are easily fabricated in vitro by Zn-assisted cross-molecular coordination of histidine residues. Using cationic Zn for the assembly of selected pure protein species and in the absence of any heterologous holding material, these granules are expected to be nontoxic and therefore adequate for different clinical uses. However, such presumed biosafety has not been so far confirmed and the potential protein dosage threshold not probed yet. By selecting the receptor binding domain (RBD) from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein as a model protein and using a mouse lab model, we have explored the toxicity of RBD-made secretory granules at increasing doses up to ∼100 mg/kg of animal weight. By monitoring body weight and biochemical blood markers and through the histological scrutiny of main tissues and organs, we have not observed systemic toxicity. Otherwise, the bioavailability of the material was demonstrated by the induction of specific antibody responses. The presented data confirm the intrinsic biosafety of artificial secretory granules made by recombinant proteins and prompt their further clinical development as self-contained and dynamic protein reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep
Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marianna T. P. Favaro
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade
de São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu
i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Mendoza
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luís C.
S. Ferreira
- Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade
de São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nerea Roher
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department
of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep
Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament
de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament
de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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46
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Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cell factories relies on synthetic assemblies of genetic parts to optimally control flux through the product biosynthetic pathway. In comparison to other genetic part-types, there is a relative paucity of characterized signal peptide components, particularly for mammalian cell contexts. In this study, we describe a toolkit of signal peptide elements, created using bioinformatics-led and synthetic design approaches, that can be utilized to enhance production of biopharmaceutical proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cell factories. We demonstrate, for the first time in a mammalian cell context, that machine learning can be used to predict how discrete signal peptide elements will perform when utilized to drive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation of specific single chain protein products. For more complex molecular formats, such as multichain monoclonal antibodies, we describe how a combination of in silico and targeted design rule-based in vitro testing can be employed to rapidly identify product-specific signal peptide solutions from minimal screening spaces. The utility of this technology is validated by deriving vector designs that increase product titers ≥1.8×, compared to standard industry systems, for a range of products, including a difficult-to-express monoclonal antibody. The availability of a vastly expanded toolbox of characterized signal peptide parts, combined with streamlined in silico/in vitro testing processes, will permit efficient expression vector re-design to maximize titers of both simple and complex protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela O’Neill
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Rajesh K. Mistry
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Development, Cell Culture and Fermentation
Sciences, Aaron Klugg Building, Granta
Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K.
| | - Adam J. Brown
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
- SynGenSys
Limited, Freeths LLP, Norfolk Street, Sheffield S1 2JE, U.K.
| | - David C. James
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
- SynGenSys
Limited, Freeths LLP, Norfolk Street, Sheffield S1 2JE, U.K.
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47
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Beihammer G, König-Beihammer J, Kogelmann B, Ruocco V, Grünwald-Gruber C, D’Aoust MA, Lavoie PO, Saxena P, Gach JS, Steinkellner H, Strasser R. An oligosaccharyltransferase from Leishmania donovani increases the N-glycan occupancy on plant-produced IgG1. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1233666. [PMID: 37615026 PMCID: PMC10442823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) at the heavy chain Fc domain (Asn297) plays an important role for antibody structure and effector functions. While numerous recombinant IgG1 antibodies have been successfully expressed in plants, they frequently display a considerable amount (up to 50%) of unglycosylated Fc domain. To overcome this limitation, we tested a single-subunit oligosaccharyltransferase from the protozoan Leishmania donovani (LdOST) for its ability to improve IgG1 Fc glycosylation. LdOST fused to a fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and confocal microscopy confirmed the subcellular location at the endoplasmic reticulum. Transient co-expression of LdOST with two different IgG1 antibodies resulted in a significant increase (up to 97%) of Fc glycosylation while leaving the overall N-glycan composition unmodified, as determined by different mass spectrometry approaches. While biochemical and functional features of "glycosylation improved" antibodies remained unchanged, a slight increase in FcγRIIIa binding and thermal stability was observed. Collectively, our results reveal that LdOST expression is suitable to reduce the heterogeneity of plant-produced antibodies and can contribute to improving their stability and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Beihammer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia König-Beihammer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kogelmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Ruocco
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Johannes S. Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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48
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Noskova Y, Son O, Tekutyeva L, Balabanova L. Purification and Characterization of a DegP-Type Protease from the Marine Bacterium Cobetia amphilecti KMM 296. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1852. [PMID: 37513024 PMCID: PMC10383082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new member of the DegP-type periplasmic serine endoproteases of the S1C family from the marine bacterium Cobetia amphilecti KMM 296 (CamSP) was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The calculated molecular weight, number of amino acids, and isoelectric point (pI) of the mature protein CamSP are 69.957 kDa, 666, and 4.84, respectively. The proteolytic activity of the purified recombinant protease CamSP was 2369.4 and 1550.9 U/mg with the use of 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and casein as the substrates, respectively. The enzyme CamSP exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0-6.2, while it was stable over a wide pH range from 5.8 to 8.5. The optimal temperature for the CamSP protease activity was 50 °C. The enzyme required NaCl or KCl at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5 M, respectively, for its maximum activity. The Michaelis constant (Km) and Vmax for BSA were determined to be 41.7 µg/mL and 0.036 µg/mL min-1, respectively. The metal ions Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Li2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ slightly activated CamSP, while the addition of CoCl2 to the incubation mixture resulted in a twofold increase in its protease activity. Ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, and Triton-X-100 increased the activity of CamSP from two- to four-times. The protease CamSP effectively degraded the wheat flour proteins but had no proteolytic activity towards soybean, corn, and the synthetic substrates, α-benzoyl-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) and N-Succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine 4-nitroanilide (SAPNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Noskova
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-Letya Vladivostoka 152, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oksana Son
- Advanced Engineering School, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Liudmila Tekutyeva
- Advanced Engineering School, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Larissa Balabanova
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-Letya Vladivostoka 152, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Advanced Engineering School, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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49
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Jung JW, Park PG, Lee WK, Shin JH, Jang MH, Seo EH, An T, Kim YB, Moon MH, Choi SK, Yun JS, Hong KJ, Kim SR. Production of Plant-Derived Japanese Encephalitis Virus Multi-Epitope Peptide in Nicotiana benthamiana and Immunological Response in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11643. [PMID: 37511402 PMCID: PMC10380836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current production of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine is based on animal cells, where various risk factors for human health should be resolved. This study used a transient expression system to express the chimeric protein composed of antigenic epitopes from the JEV envelope (E) protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. JEV multi-epitope peptide (MEP) sequences fused with FLAG-tag or 6× His-tag at the C- or N-terminus for the purification were introduced into plant expression vectors and used for transient expression. Among the constructs, vector pSK480, which expresses MEP fused with a FLAG-tag at the C-terminus, showed the highest level of expression and yield in purification. Optimization of transient expression procedures further improved the target protein yield. The purified MEP protein was applied to an ICR mouse and successfully induced an antibody against JEV, which demonstrates the potential of the plant-produced JEV MEP as an alternative vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- PhytoMab Co., Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Gu Park
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- PhytoMab Co., Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Jang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- PhytoMab Co., Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy An
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jee Sun Yun
- Eubiologics Co., Seoul 06026, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jong Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- PhytoMab Co., Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hovanová V, Hovan A, Žoldák G, Sedlák E, Humenik M. Global analysis of kinetics reveals the role of secondary nucleation in recombinant spider silk self-assembly. Protein Sci 2023:e4722. [PMID: 37417849 PMCID: PMC10364585 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant spider silk proteins can be prepared in scalable fermentation processes and have been proven as sources of biomaterials for biomedical and technical applications. Nanofibrils, formed through the self-assembly of these proteins, possess unique structural and mechanical properties, serving as fundamental building blocks for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructured scaffolds. Despite significant progress in utilizing nanofibrils-based morphologies of recombinant spider silk proteins, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nanofibrils self-assembly remains a challenge. Here, a detailed kinetic study of nanofibril formation from a recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16) in dependence on the protein concentration, seeding and temperature is provided. For the global fitting of kinetic data obtained during the fibril formation, we utilized the online platform AmyloFit. Evaluation of the data revealed that the self-assembly mechanism of recombinant spider silk is dominated by secondary nucleation. Thermodynamic analyses show that both primary and secondary nucleations, as well as the elongation step of the eADF4(C16), are endothermic processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hovanová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Žoldák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Cassovia New Industry Cluster (CNIC), Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann.Str. 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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