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Mancino C, Pollet J, Zinger A, Jones KM, Villar MJ, Leao AC, Adhikari R, Versteeg L, Tyagi Kundu R, Strych U, Giordano F, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Taraballi F, Poveda C. Harnessing RNA Technology to Advance Therapeutic Vaccine Antigens against Chagas Disease. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:15832-15846. [PMID: 38518375 PMCID: PMC10996878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) (American trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) is a parasitic disease endemic in 21 countries in South America, with increasing global spread. When administered late in the infection, the current antiparasitic drugs do not prevent the onset of cardiac illness leading to chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, new therapeutic vaccines or immunotherapies are under development using multiple platforms. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of developing an mRNA-based therapeutic CD vaccine targeting two known T. cruzi vaccine antigens (Tc24─a flagellar antigen and ASP-2─an amastigote antigen). We present the mRNA engineering steps, preparation, and stability of the lipid nanoparticles and evaluation of their uptake by dendritic cells, as well as their biodistribution in c57BL/J mice. Furthermore, we assessed the immunogenicity and efficacy of two mRNA-based candidates as monovalent and bivalent vaccine strategies using an in vivo chronic mouse model of CD. Our results show several therapeutic benefits, including reductions in parasite burdens and cardiac inflammation, with each mRNA antigen, especially with the mRNA encoding Tc24, and Tc24 in combination with ASP-2. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the potential of mRNA-based vaccines as a therapeutic option for CD and highlight the opportunities for developing multivalent vaccines using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mancino
- Center
for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston
Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Assaf Zinger
- Center
for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston
Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Laboratory
for Bioinspired Nano Engineering and Translational Therapeutics, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Cardiovascular
Sciences Department, Houston Methodist Academic
Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Neurosurgery
Department, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Maria José Villar
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ana Carolina Leao
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rakesh Adhikari
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Cell Biology
and Immunology Group, Wageningen University
& Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Rakhi Tyagi Kundu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Federica Giordano
- Center
for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston
Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center
for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston
Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Orthopedics
and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas
Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Hasan T, Shimoda N, Nakamura S, Fox BA, Bzik DJ, Ushio-Watanabe N, Nishikawa Y. Protective efficacy of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 15 against toxoplasmosis in C57BL/6 mice. Vaccine 2024; 42:2299-2309. [PMID: 38429153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a pervasive protozoan parasite that is responsible for significant zoonoses. A wide array of vaccines using different effector molecules of T. gondii have been studied worldwide to control toxoplasmosis. None of the existing vaccines are sufficiently effective to confer protective immunity. Among the different Toxoplasma-derived effector molecules, T. gondii dense granule protein 15 from the type II strain (GRA15 (II)) was recently characterized as an immunomodulatory molecule that induced host immunity via NF-κB. Therefore, we assessed the immunostimulatory and protective efficacy of recombinant GRA15 (II) (rGRA15) against T. gondii infection in a C57BL/6 mouse model. We observed that rGRA15 treatment increased the production of IL-12p40 from mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Immunization of mice with rGRA15 induced the production of anti-TgGRA15-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2c antibodies. The rGRA15-sensitized spleen cells from mice inoculated with the same antigen strongly promoted spleen cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Immunization with rGRA15 significantly enhanced the survival rate of mice and dramatically decreased parasite burden in mice challenged with the Pru (type II) strain. These results suggested that rGRA15 triggered humoral and cellular immune responses to control infection. However, all of the immunized mice died when challenged with the GRA15-deficient Pru strain or the RH (type I) strain. These results suggest that GRA15 (II)-dependent immunity plays a crucial role in protection against challenge infection with the type II strain of T. gondii. This study is the first report to show GRA15 (II) as a recombinant vaccine antigen against Toxoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjila Hasan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi 4225, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
| | - Naomi Shimoda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Shu Nakamura
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Barbara A Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - David J Bzik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Nanako Ushio-Watanabe
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Chen X, Qiu X, Ni J, Liao S, Qi N, Li J, Lv M, Lin X, Cai H, Hu J, Song Y, Yin L, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Sun M. Immunoprotective effects of DNA vaccine against Eimeria tenella based on EtAMA3 and EtRON2 L2. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110141. [PMID: 38367528 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella is the most pathogenic and harmful intestinal parasitic protozoan. Recombinant DNA vaccines open options for promising strategies for preventing avian coccidiosis, replacing chemical drugs and live oocyst vaccines. Two important antigenic proteins, EtAMA3 (also known as SporoAMA1) and EtRON2L2, act together to promote the invasion of E. tenella sporozoites. In this study, a recombinant DNA vaccine, designated pcDNA3.1(+)-AR, was constructed based on EtAMA3DII, EtRON2L2D3, and EtRON2L2D4. Chickens were intramuscularly immunized with different doses (25, 50, or 100 μg) of pcDNA3.1(+)-AR to evaluate its immunoprotective effects in vivo. The chickens in the 50 μg and 100 μg groups had higher cytokine concentrations (interleukin 2, interferon-gamma, and interleukin 10), and lesion scores (81.9% and 67.57%, respectively) and relative oocyst production (47% and 19%, respectively) reduced compared with the unchallenged group, indicating partial protection against E. tenella. These results suggest that pcDNA3.1(+)-AR is a promising vaccine candidate against avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xixi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junli Ni
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minna Lv
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongle Song
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haoji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Salgado CL, Corea AFM, Covre LP, Fonseca-Martins AMD, Falqueto A, Guedes HLDM, Rossi-Bergmann B, Gomes DCO. Intranasal delivery of LaAg vaccine improves immunity of aged mice against visceral Leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107125. [PMID: 38280636 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
There are no approved vaccines yet for human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most severe form of the leishmaniasis clinical manifestations that is fatal in over 95 % of untreated cases. It is well-accepted that immunological changes during aging have deleterious impact on the efficacy of vaccines and response to infections. In this work, we compared the response of young and aged mice to intranasal vaccination with killed Leishmania amazonensis promastigote antigens (LaAg) that were then challenged with L. infantum infection, a species that causes visceral leishmaniasis. Intranasal vaccination with LaAg induced a similar reduction in parasitism and hepatosplenomegaly in both young and aged mice compared to their unvaccinated counterparts. Following infection, there was also a less prominent inflammatory profile particularly in the vaccinated aged group, with lower production of TNF-α and nitrite compared to the respective unvaccinated group. Interestingly, the LaAg intranasal vaccination promoted increased production of IFN-γ that was observed in both young- and aged vaccinated groups. Additionally, CD4+ and CD8+T cells from both vaccinated groups presented decreased expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and KLRG1 compared to their unvaccinated controls. Interestingly, a strong positive correlation was observed between the expression of both inhibitory receptors PD-1 and KLRG1 and parasitism, which was more conspicuous in the unvaccinated-aged mice than in the others. Overall, this study helps define new strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness and provides a perspective for prophylactic alternatives against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Polaco Covre
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil; Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aloisio Falqueto
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cláudio Oliviera Gomes
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil; Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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Hao G, Xiong C, Xiao J, He W, Zhu Y, Xu L, Jiang Q, Yang G. Evaluation of the immunoprotective effect of the recombinant Eimeria intestinalis rhoptry protein 25 and rhoptry protein 30 on New Zealand rabbits. Exp Parasitol 2024; 259:108719. [PMID: 38364954 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit coccidiosis is a parasitism caused by either one or multiple co-infections of Eimeria species. Among them, Eimeria intestinalis is the primary pathogen responsible for diarrhea, growth retardation, and potential mortality in rabbits. Concerns regarding drug resistance and drug residues have led to the development of recombinant subunit vaccines targeting Eimeria species as a promising preventive measure. The aim of this study was to assess the immunoprotective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines comprising EiROP25 and EiROP30 (rhoptry proteins (ROPs)) against E. intestinalis infection in rabbits. METHODS Cloning, prokaryotic expression, and protein purification were performed to obtain EiROP25 and EiROP30. Five groups of fifty 35-day-old Eimeria-free rabbits were created (unchallenged control group, challenged control group, vector protein control group, rEiROP25 group, and rEiROP30 group), with 10 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in the rEiROP25 and rEiROP30 groups were immunized with the recombinant proteins (100 μg per rabbit) for primary and booster immunization (100 μg per rabbit) at a two-week intervals, and challenged with 7 × 104 oocysts per rabbit after an additional two-week interval. Two weeks after the challenge, the rabbits were euthanized for analysis. Weekly collections of rabbit sera were made to measure changes in specific IgG and cytokine level. Clinical symptoms and pathological changes after challenge were observed and recorded. At the conclusion of the animal experiment, lesion scores, the relative weight increase ratio, the oocyst reduction rate, and the anticoccidial index were computed. RESULTS Rabbits immunized with rEiROP25 and rEiROP30 exhibited relative weight gain ratios of 56.57% and 72.36%, respectively. Oocysts decreased by 78.14% and 84.06% for the rEiROP25 and rEiROP30 groups, respectively. The anticoccidial indexes were 140 and 155. Furthermore, there was a noticeable drop in intestinal lesions. After the primary immunization with rEiROP25 and rEiROP30, a week later, there was a notable rise in specific IgG levels, which remained elevated for two weeks following challenge (P < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-2 levels increased markedly in the rEiROP25 group, whereas IL-2, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-4 levels increased substantially in the rEiROP30 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Immunization of rabbits indicated that both rEiROP25 and rEiROP30 are capable of inducing an increase in specific antibody levels. rEiROP25 triggered a Th1-type immune protection response, while rEiROP30 elicited a Th1/Th2 mixed response. EiROP25 and EiROP30 can generate a moderate level of immune protection, with better efficacy observed for EiROP30. This study provides valuable insights for the promotion of recombinant subunit vaccines targeting rabbit E. intestinalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Hao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Changming Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Ya'an Polytechnic College, Yaan, 625014, China.
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
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Li D, Han M, Cao Y, Du J, An R. Protective effect against toxoplasmosis in BALB/C mice vaccinated with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii CDPK3, GRA35, and ROP46 protein cocktail vaccine. Vaccine 2024; 42:1342-1351. [PMID: 38310017 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most common pathogenic protozoa in the world, and causes toxoplasmosis, which in varying degrees causes significant economic losses and poses a serious public health challenge globally. To date, the development of an effective vaccine for human toxoplasmosis remains a challenge. Given that T.gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 (CDPK3), dense granule protein 35 (GRA35) and rhoptry organelle protein 46 (ROP46) play key roles during Toxoplasma gondii invasion of host cells, we developed a protein vaccine cocktail including these proteins and validated its protective efficacy. The specific protective effects of vaccine on mice were analyzed by measuring serum antibodies, cytokines, splenocyte proliferation, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, survival rate, and parasite cyst burden. The results showed that mice vaccinated with a three-protein cocktail produced the highest levels of immune protein antibodies to IgG, and high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 compared to other mice vaccinated with two proteins. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages were significantly elevated. Compared to the control groups, mice vaccinated with the three-protein cocktail survived significantly longer after acute infection with T. gondii and had significantly fewer cysts after chronic infection. These results demonstrated that a cocktail vaccine of TgCDPK3, TgGRA35, and TgROP46 can effectively induce cellular and humoral immune responses with good protective effects in mice, indicating its potential as vaccine candidates for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuhua Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ran An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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7
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Horta AL, Gigley J, Boutet M, Lavau G, Weiss LM, Huang H. Memory-like NK Cells Are a Critical Component of Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. J Immunol 2024; 212:617-631. [PMID: 38197653 PMCID: PMC10872457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease by Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a major public health issue. The available therapeutic agents have limited efficacy and significant side effects. A reliable vaccine would reduce the threat of T. cruzi infections and prevent Chagas disease. Understanding the immune response to this infection would improve vaccine design. We previously demonstrated that adoptively transferred NK cells from mice immunized with highly attenuated T. cruzi, GFP-DDDHA strain, provided potent protection in naive recipients against secondary lethal challenge with various wild-type (WT) strains. To understand the importance of NK cells in protecting mice against T. cruzi infection, we performed an in-depth characterization of NK cell phenotype, responses, and memory-like traits during acute infections due to GFP-DDDHA and WT strains and in immunized mice during a recall response to a WT lethal challenge. NK cells robustly expanded and became more mature and cytolytic during the GFP-DDDHA strain immunization. NK cells in immunized mice responded more robustly after WT lethal challenge than during an acute primary WT infection. In addition, protection by immunization with the GFP-DDDHA strain is significantly weakened in NK cell-deficient mice and did not prevent parasitemia from WT lethal challenge, indicating that NK cells with memory-like traits were a critical component for early control of WT lethal challenge. Prior T. cruzi vaccine development studies have not included studies of this rapid NK response. These findings provide insights into overcoming existing challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine to prevent this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L. Horta
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Marie Boutet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregoire Lavau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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8
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Zhang L, Song Z, Li P, Song X, Tang X, Hu D. Molecular characterization and immune protective efficacy of 3 Eimeria tenella antigens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103234. [PMID: 37980744 PMCID: PMC10685023 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis caused by Eimeria is a serious parasitic disease that poses a threat to the poultry industry. Currently, prevention and treatment mainly rely on the administration of anticoccidials and live oocyst vaccines. However, the prevalence of drug resistance and the inherent limitations of live vaccines have driven the development of novel vaccines. In this study, the surface protein (Et-SAG14), a previously annotated rhoptry protein (Eten5-B), and a gametocyte phosphoglucomutase (Et-PGM1) were characterized and the vaccine potential of the recombinant proteins were evaluated. Et-SAG14 was dispersed in the form of particles in the sporozoite and merozoite stages, whereas Et-PGM1 was distributed in the apical part of the sporozoite and merozoite stages. The previously annotated rhoptry Eten5-B was found not to be located in the rhoptry but distributed in the cytoplasm of sporozoites and merozoites. Immunization with rEten5-B significantly elevated host interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) transcript levels and exhibited moderate anticoccidial effects with an anticoccidial index (ACI) of 161. Unexpectedly, both recombinant Et-SAG14 and Et-PGM1 immunization significantly reduced host IFN-γ and IL-10 transcription levels, and did not show protection against E. tenella challenge (ACI < 80). These results suggest that the rEten5-B protein can trigger immune protection against E. tenella and may be a potential and effective subunit vaccine for the control of coccidiosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhixuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xingju Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinming Tang
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China.
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9
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Ramos-Vega A, Dzul-Huchim VM, Villanueva-Lizama LE, Dumonteil E, Rosales-Mendoza S, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo M, Cruz-Chan JV, Monreal-Escalante E, Angulo C. Protective efficacy of the oral vaccine Tc24:Co1 produced in Schizochytrium sp. against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a mouse model. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106488. [PMID: 38061668 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi parasite - causal Chagas disease agent - affects about 7 million people; no vaccine is available, and current medications have not been entirely effective. Multidisciplinary efforts are necessary for developing clinical vaccine prototypes. Thus, this research study aims to assess the expressed and whole-cell administration protection of the oral vaccine prototype Tc24:Co1 using Schizochytrium sp. microalga. High recombinant protein expression yields (675 μg/L) of algal culture were obtained. Additionally, Schizochytrium sp.-Tc24:Co1 resulted stable at 4 °C for up to six months and at 25 °C for three months. After receiving four oral doses of the vaccine, the mice showed a significant humoral immune response and a parasitemia reduction associated with a lack of heart inflammatory damage compared with the unvaccinated controls. The Schizochytrium sp.-Tc24:Co1 vaccine demonstrates to be promising as a prototype for further development showing protective effects against a T. cruzi challenge in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ramos-Vega
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Dzul-Huchim
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Liliana Estefania Villanueva-Lizama
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Deparment of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico; CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico.
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10
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Khorshidvand Z, Shirian S, Amiri H, Zamani A, Maghsood AH. Immunomodulatory chitosan nanoparticles for Toxoplasma gondii infection: Novel application of chitosan in complex propranolol-hydrochloride as an adjuvant in vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127228. [PMID: 37839605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) in combination with chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) as an adjuvant to develop an effective vaccine against T. gondii. A total of 105 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven equal groups including PBS alone, CS NPs, SAG1 (Surface antigen 1), CS-SAG1 NPs, CS-PRO NPs, SAG1-PRO, and CS-SAG1-PRO NPs. The immunostimulatory effect of each adjuvant used for vaccine delivery was evaluated in a mice immunization model. The results showed that the mice immunized with CS-SAG1-PRO NPs exhibited the highest lymphocyte proliferation rate, along with increased secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23, as well as elevated levels of protective cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-27, and IL-10. Although, the CS-SAG1-PRO NPs immunized mice showed the highest level of T. gondii specific IgG compared to the other groups, a significant production of IgG2a and IgG1 was observed in the sera of mice immunized with the CS-SAG1-PRO NPs compared to the other group (p <0.001). The higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio observed in the CS-SAG1-PRO NPs group indicates a bias towards Th1 cell polarization, suggesting the promotion of Th1 cell-mediated immune responses. Considering the combination of the highest lymphocyte proliferation and survival rates, IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, and cytokine levels in the mice immunized with CS-SAG1-PRO NPs, this approach holds promise for immunostimulation and vaccine delivery against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khorshidvand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Lab, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Amiri
- Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Lab, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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11
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Fernandes Fidelis C, Silva de Araújo L, Prates-Patarroyo PA, Martins-Kalks KH, Licursi de Oliveira L, Vargas Viloria MI, Tafur-Gómez GA, Patarroyo Salcedo JH. Immunisation with Neospora caninum subunits rsNcSAG4 and rsNcGRA1 (NcSAG4 and NcGRA1 epitopes construct) in BALB/c mice: the profile of the immune response and controlling the vertical transmission. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:58. [PMID: 38110570 PMCID: PMC10728228 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that causes neosporosis, which has a high economic impact on cattle herds with no available vaccine. During infection, the secretion of dense granules and the expression of surface antigens play an important role in hosting immunomodulation. However, some epitopes of those antigens are immunogenic, and using these fractions could improve the subunit antigens in vaccine design. This study evaluates the recombinant peptides rsNcGRA1 and rsNcSAG4 derived from NcGRA1 and NcSAG4 native antigens as vaccine candidates produced by a fermentative process in the yeast culture system of Komagataella phaffii strain Km71, confirmed by colony PCR, SDS-PAGE, and western blotting. The assay was conducted in BALB/c mice using the peptides at low (25 μg) and standard (50 μg) dosages in monovalent and combined administrations at three time points with saponin as an adjuvant assessing the immunogenicity by antibodies response and cytokine production. We challenge the females after pregnancy confirmation using 2 × 105 NC-1 tachyzoites previously propagated in Vero cells. We assessed the chronic infection in dams and vertical transmission in the offspring by PCR and histopathology. Mice, especially those immunised with combined peptides and monovalent rsNcGRA1 at a standard dose, controlling the chronic infection in dams with the absence of clinical manifestations, showed an immune response with induction of IgG1, a proper balance between Th1/Th2 cytokines and reduced vertical transmission in the pups. In contrast, dams inoculated with a placebo vaccine showed clinical signs, low-scored brain lesions, augmented chronic infection with 80% positivity, 31% mortality in pups, and 81% vertical transmission. These findings indicate that rsNcGRA1 peptides in monovalent and combined with rsNCSAG4 at standard dose are potential vaccine candidates and improve the protective immune response against neosporosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Fernandes Fidelis
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinária, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva de Araújo
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinária, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Prates-Patarroyo
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinária, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Karlos H Martins-Kalks
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinária, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Licursi de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica e Glicobiologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marlene Isabel Vargas Viloria
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinária, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Tafur-Gómez
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales - U.D.C.A, Bogotá, 111166, Colombia.
| | - Joaquín Hernán Patarroyo Salcedo
- Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Departamento de Veterinária, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
- Patsos Biotecnologia, Parque tecnológico de Viçosa, CEP, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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12
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Chen C, Su J, Lu M, Xu L, Yan R, Li X, Song X. Protective efficacy of multiepitope vaccines constructed from common antigens of Eimeria species in chickens. Vet Res 2023; 54:119. [PMID: 38093398 PMCID: PMC10720236 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical avian coccidiosis is typically caused by coinfection with several Eimeria species. Recombinant protein and DNA vaccines have shown promise in controlling coccidiosis. On this basis, DNA vaccines that encode multiple epitopes from different Eimeria species may provide broad protection against coinfections. In this study, we designed a fusion gene fragment, 14EGT, that contained concentrated T-cell epitopes from four common antigens of Eimeria species (14-3-3, elongation factor 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transhydrogenase). The multiepitope DNA vaccine pVAX1-14EGT and recombinant protein vaccine pET-32a-14EGT (r14EGT) were then created based on the 14EGT fragment. Subsequently, cellular and humoral immune responses were measured in vaccinated chickens. Vaccination-challenge trials were also conducted, where the birds were vaccinated with the 14EGT preparations and later exposed to single or multiple Eimeria species to evaluate the protective efficacy of the vaccines. According to the results, vaccination with 14EGT preparations effectively increased the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the levels of Th1 and Th2 hallmark cytokines. The levels of serum IgG antibodies were also significantly increased. Animal vaccination trials revealed alleviated enteric lesions, weight loss, and oocyst output compared to those of the control groups. The preparations were found to be moderately effective against single Eimeria species, with the anticoccidial index (ACI) ranging from 160 to 180. However, after challenge with multiple Eimeria species, the protection provided by the 14EGT preparations was not satisfactory, with ACI values of 142.18 and 146.41. Collectively, the results suggest that a multiepitope vaccine that encodes the T-cell epitopes of common antigens derived from Eimeria parasites could be a potential and effective strategy to control avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junzhi Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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13
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Liu Q, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhu XQ, Suo X. Live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for chickens. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:1087-1099. [PMID: 37770352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis, caused by infection with single or multiple Eimeria species, results in significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to generate attenuated Eimeria strains, and the use of live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for disease prevention has achieved tremendous success. In this review, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of the methods of attenuation as well as attenuated Eimeria strains in a historical perspective. Also, we summarize the recent exciting research advances in transient/stable transfection systems and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing developed for Eimeria parasites, and discuss trends and challenges of developing live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines based on transgenesis and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801, PR China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801, PR China.
| | - Xun Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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14
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Tawfeek GM, Abou-El-Naga IF, Hassan EME, Sabry D, Meselhey RA, Younis SS. Protective efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii infected cells-derived exosomes against chronic murine toxoplasmosis. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107041. [PMID: 37858877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes were isolated from T. gondii infected human hepatoblastoma cells using the exosome isolation kit and characterized by electron microscopy and Western blotting. Exosomes adsorbed to alum adjuvant were evaluated as a potential immunizing agent against murine chronic toxoplasmosis compared to excretory secretory antigens (ESA)-alum. Mice were immunized at days 1, 15 and 29. The levels of IgG, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA) at days 14, 28 and 56 of the experiment. Then mice were infected orally with 10 cysts of T. gondii. The protective efficacy of the antigens were evaluated by counting the brain cysts and measuring the aforementioned humoral and cellular parameters 60 days post infection. The results showed that alum increased the protective efficacy of the exosomes. Immunization with exosome-alum induced both humoral and mixed Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses. Exosome-alum gave higher levels of the humoral and cellular parameters, compared to ESA-alum. After challenge infection, exosome-alum significantly reduced the brain cyst burden by 75 % while ESA-alum gave 42 % reduction and evoked higher humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the possibility of using T. gondii infected cells-derived exosome-alum as a vaccine is a new perspective in toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan M Tawfeek
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman F Abou-El-Naga
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt; Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Salwa Sami Younis
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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He W, Hao G, Xiong C, Xiao J, Pu J, Chen H, Xu L, Zhu Y, Yang G. Protection against Eimeria intestinalis infection in rabbits immunized with the recombinant elongation factors EF1α and EFG. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0020823. [PMID: 37823630 PMCID: PMC10652966 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00208-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eimeria intestinalis is the most pathogenic species of rabbit coccidiosis, causing weight loss, diarrhea, and even acute death. The currently used anticoccidial drugs against E. intestinalis in rabbits are associated with drug resistance and residues. Immunological control might be a potential alternative. We cloned and expressed the E. intestinalis recombinant EF1α and EFG (rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG, respectively). Rabbits were immunized subcutaneously every 14 days with 100 µg of rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG and followed by 5 × 104 E. intestinalis sporulated oocysts orally challenge. Serum samples were collected every 7 days to measure the levels of specific antibodies and cytokines. On post-challenge day 14, rabbits were sacrificed and the anticoccidial index was evaluated. The rabbits of PBS challenged groups exhibited anorexia, diarrhea, marked intestinal wall thickening, and white nodules that formed patches, while rabbits from the rEi-EF1α or rEi-EFG challenged group exhibited milder symptoms. The rEi-EF1α group showed a 75.18% oocyst reduction and 89.01%wt gain; the rEi-EFG group had a 60.58% oocyst reduction and 56.04%wt gain. After vaccination, specific IgG levels increased and stayed high (P < 0.05). The IL-4 and IL-2 levels of rEi-EF1α immunized groups showed a significant increase after immunization (P < 0.05). Both rEi-EF1α and rEi-EFG could induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In contrast, rabbits immunized with rEi-EF1α were better protected from challenge by E. intestinalis than rEi-EFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Hao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Changming Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayan Pu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
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16
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Yin LT, Ren YJ, You YJ, Yang Y, Wang ZX, Wang HL. Intranasal immunisation with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii uridine phosphorylase confers resistance against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Parasite 2023; 30:46. [PMID: 37921620 PMCID: PMC10624161 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Currently, control measures for T. gondii infection are insufficient due to the lack of effective medications or vaccines. In this paper, recombinant T. gondii uridine phosphorylase (rTgUPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via Ni2+-NTA agarose. rTgUPase was inoculated intranasally into BALB/c mice, and the induced immune responses were evaluated by mucosal and humoral antibody and cytokine assays and lymphoproliferative measurements. Moreover, the protective effect against the T. gondii RH strain infection was assessed by calculating the burdens of tachyzoites in the liver and brain and by recording the survival rate and time. Our results revealed that mice immunised with 30 μg rTgUPase produced significantly higher levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) in nasal, intestinal, vaginal and vesical washes and synthesised higher levels of total IgG, IgG1 and, in particular, IgG2a in their blood sera. rTgUPase immunisation increased the production of IFN-gamma, interleukin IL-2 and IL-4, but not IL-10 from isolated mouse spleen cells and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgUPase-inoculated mice were effectively protected against infection with the T. gondii RH strain, showing considerable reduction of tachyzoite burdens in liver and brain tissues after 30 days of infection, and a 44.29% increase in survival rate during an acute challenge. The above findings show that intranasal inoculation with rTgUPase provoked mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses and indicate that rTgUPase might serve as a promising vaccine candidate for protecting against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi China
| | - Ying-Jie Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China
| | - Yu-Jie You
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University Jinzhong Shanxi 030600 China
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17
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Pan TX, Huang HB, Zhang JL, Li JY, Li MH, Zhao DY, Li YN, Zheng W, Ma RG, Wang N, Shi CW, Wang CF, Yang GL. Lactobacillus plantarum surface-displayed Eimeria tenella profilin antigens with FliC flagellin elicit protection against coccidiosis in chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102945. [PMID: 37516003 PMCID: PMC10405095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease in the intestine caused by the genus Eimeria that poses a substantial economic threat to the broiler breeding industry. The misuse of chemoprophylaxis and live oocyst vaccines has a negative impact on chicken reproductivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop safe, convenient, and effective vaccines. Lactic acid bacteria can be used as a means to deliver mucosal vaccines against intestinal pathogens, which is a promising strategy. In this study, a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface-expressed antigens constructed from the fusion of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) antigen profilin and the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin protein FliC was created. After oral immunization with the recombinant L. plantarum, T-cell differentiation was analyzed by flow cytometry, and specific antibody levels were determined via indirect ELISA. Oocyst shedding, body weight, and cecum lesions were assessed as measures of protective immunity after challenge with E. tenella. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of recombinant L. plantarum as an immunization agent for chickens. Specific IgA titers in the intestine and specific IgG antibody titers in the serum were significantly higher in chickens immunized with recombinant L. plantarum (P < 0.001). Additionally, the levels of IL-2 (P < 0.05) and IFN-γ (P < 0.01) in the serum were markedly increased. Recombinant L. plantarum induced T-cell differentiation, resulting in a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in splenocytes (P < 0.001). Fecal oocyst shedding in the immunized group was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Additionally, recombinant L. plantarum significantly relieved pathological damage in the cecum, as evidenced by lesion scores (P < 0.01) and histopathological cecum sections. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence to support the possibility of using L. plantarum as a promising carrier for the delivery of protective antigens to effectively protect chickens against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Han Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Ning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui-Geng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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18
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Xiong C, He W, Xiao J, Hao G, Pu J, Chen H, Xu L, Zhu Y, Yang G. Assessment of the Immunoprotective Efficacy of Recombinant 14-3-3 Protein and Dense Granule Protein 10 (GRA10) as Candidate Antigens for Rabbit Vaccines against Eimeria intestinalis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14418. [PMID: 37833865 PMCID: PMC10572514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eimeria intestinalis infects rabbits, causing severe intestinal coccidiosis. Prolonged anticoccidial drug use might lead to coccidia resistance and drug residues in food. Thus, vaccines are required to control rabbit coccidiosis. In this study, recombinant E. intestinalis 14-3-3 and GRA10 proteins (rEi-14-3-3 and rEi-GRA10) were obtained via prokaryotic expression and used as recombinant subunit vaccines. Fifty 30-day-old rabbits were randomly grouped as follows: PBS-uninfected group, PBS-infected group, Trx-His-S control group, and rEi-14-3-3 and rEi-GRA10 immunized groups. The rabbits were subcutaneously immunized twice at 2-week intervals, challenged with 7 × 104 sporulated oocysts, and sacrificed 14 days later. The protective effects were assessed via clinical signs, relative weight gain, oocyst reduction, mean intestinal lesion score, ACI (anticoccidial index), cytokine, and specific antibody levels in sera. The rEi-14-3-3 and rEi-GRA10 groups had higher relative weight gain rates of 81.94% and 73.61% (p < 0.05), and higher oocyst reduction rates of 86.13% and 84.87% (p < 0.05), respectively. The two immunized groups had fewer intestinal lesions (p < 0.05) and higher IgG levels (p < 0.05). Higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ cytokines in the rEi-14-3-3 group (p < 0.05) and a higher level of IFN-γ in the rEi-GRA10 group (p < 0.05) were observed. The ACI values of the rEi-14-3-3 and rEi-GRA10 groups were 168.24 and 159.91, with good and moderate protective effects, respectively. Both rEi-14-3-3 and rEi-GRA10 induced humoral immunity in the rabbits. In addition, rEi-14-3-3 induced Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. Both recombinant proteins were protective against E. intestinalis infection in rabbits, with rEi-14-3-3 showing a better protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.X.); (W.H.); (J.X.); (G.H.); (J.P.); (H.C.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.)
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19
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Ramzan MS, Suleman M, Rashid MI, Akbar H, Avais M. Comparative evaluation of cell-mediated immune response in calves immunized with live-attenuated and killed Theileria annulata vaccines. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2135-2145. [PMID: 37466666 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoan Theileria annulata and transmitted by numerous species of Ixodid ticks of the genus Hyalomma. The main clinical signs are fever, lymphadenopathy, and anemia responsible for heavy economic losses, including mortality, morbidity, vaccination failure, and treatment cost. Development of poor cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been observed in the case of many bovine pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and parasites). Quantification of CMI is a prerequisite for evaluating vaccine efficacy against theileriosis caused by T. annulata. The current study evaluated the CMI in calves administered with two types of T. annulata vaccine (live attenuated and killed). We prepared a live attenuated T. annulata vaccine by attenuation in a rabbit model and also prepared killed vaccine from non-attenuated T. annulata. For the evaluation of immune response in experimental groups including control, 20 calves were divided into four different groups (A, B, C, and D). They were either inoculated subcutaneously with live rabbit-propagated-Theileria-infected RBCs (5 × 106) (group A) or with killed T. annulata vaccine (2 × 109 schizonts) with Freund's adjuvant (group B), along with an infected group (group C) and a healthy control group (group D). The protection of vaccinated calves was estimated with challenge infection. Our results showed that with a single shot of live-attenuated and killed vaccine with a booster dose elicited cell-mediated immune responses in immunized calves. We observed a significant elevation in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in immunized calves. A significant difference in the CD8 + T cell response between the post-challenge stage of killed and live vaccine (p < 0.0001) was observed, whereas no other difference was found at both pre- and post-immunization stages. A similar finding was recorded for the CD4 + T cells at a post-challenge stage, where a significant difference was seen between killed and live vaccine (p < 0.0001). Another significant difference was observed between the CD8 + T cells and CD4 + T cells at the post-challenge stage in the live vaccine group, where there was a significantly higher induction of CD4 + T cell response (p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Ramzan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54200, Pakistan.
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Avais
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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20
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Chyb M, Dziadek B, Dzitko K, Ferra BT, Kawka M, Holec-Gąsior L, Gatkowska J. Evaluation of long-term immunity and protection against T. gondii after immunization with multivalent recombinant chimeric T. gondii proteins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12976. [PMID: 37563166 PMCID: PMC10415312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis caused by the opportunistic, cosmopolitan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common parasitoses in the world. Although it may prove dangerous or even fatal for immunocompromised individuals, immunoprophylaxis for humans is still nonexistent. Thus, the aim of the current work was to assess the ability of two immunogenic recombinant chimeric T. gondii proteins, SAG2-GRA1-ROP1 (SGR) and SAG1-MIC1-MAG1-GRA2 (SMMG), selected in previous experiments to induce long-lasting immunity when administered with a safe adjuvant. Thus, the determination of immunological parameters and parasite challenge were performed both two weeks after the last boost injection and 6 months postvaccination. Both experimental vaccines triggered specific humoral and cellular responses in immunized C3H/HeOuJ male mice, characterized by the production of specific IgG (IgG1/IgG2a) antibodies in vivo and the synthesis of key Th1/Th2 cytokines by Toxoplasma lysate antigen-stimulated splenocytes in vitro. Although the levels of specific antibodies and cytokine release were in most cases lower six months postimmunization, the protection rates conferred by the vaccination were comparable regardless of the time after the administration of the last vaccine dose. The results indicate that both preparations induce long-lasting immunity, which makes them attractive candidates for further research aimed at boosting their immunogenicity and immunoprotective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chyb
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Tomasz Ferra
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Medical University of Gdańsk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
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21
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Ronizi RR, Namavari M, Moazamian E. Evaluation of the protective immune response of an attenuated strain of Toxoplasma gondii with long-term passages on the Gecko cell line. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109969. [PMID: 37301090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes the zoonoses disease, named toxoplasmosis, with global prevalence. Until now, no cost-effective treatment method has been found to deal with toxoplasma, and vaccination is the best way to deal with the infection. In the case of pathogenic protozoa, mainly live vaccines have had successful results compared to other vaccine platforms. This study evaluated the efficacy of a live experimental vaccine through long-term passages on the Gecko cell line (Z1) in inducing a protective immune response in BALB/c mice. Thirty mice were divided into three equal groups; G1: the immunized/challenged group (injection of attenuated strain), G2: the immunized/unchallenged group (injection of attenuated strain), and G3: the control group (injection of culture medium).One month after immunization, the studied mice were challenged with 1ₓ103 live tachyzoites of Toxoplasma acute RH strain. We performed Serological investigations, including evaluating antibodies, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukins 2, 4, 10, and 12 (IL-2,4,10,12). At the study's end, a molecular test was performed on brain and liver tissues in the immunized groups to check the presence of parasites. The results from the serological tests for the evaluation of antibodies, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukins 10 and 12 (IL-10, 12) show a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the vaccinated group and the control group, which are essential indicators of protective immunity against toxoplasma infection. Thus, in the vaccinated group, the survival rate of mice against the challenge was 70%. Also, in group two (G2), the attenuated strain of Toxoplasma gondii had no pathogenicity, and all mice survived until the end of the study period. Molecular results also showed the absence of parasites in the brain and liver tissues in this immunized group and the parasite was found in only one case of liver tissue in G1. Therefore, the attenuated strain has caused significant and protective humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated groups. This study showed that with the long-term passage of the acute strain on the Gecko cell line, it is possible to quickly obtain a non-diseased attenuated strain with the ability to induce protective immunity. This successful finding can introduce further research to achieve a promising vaccine in the target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ramezanpoor Ronizi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Namavari
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Agricultural and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Elham Moazamian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Whittle L, Chapman R, Douglass N, Jaffer M, Margolin E, Rybicki E, Williamson AL. Development of a dual vaccine against East Coast fever and lumpy skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143034. [PMID: 37063887 PMCID: PMC10098110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
East Coast fever is an acute bovine disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite Theileria parva and is regarded as one of the most important tick-vectored diseases in Africa. The current vaccination procedure has many drawbacks, as it involves the use of live T. parva sporozoites. As a novel vaccination strategy, we have constructed the recombinant lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) named LSDV-SODis-p67HA-BLV-Gag, encoding a modified form of the T. parva p67 surface antigen (p67HA), as well as the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) gag gene for the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) to potentially enhance p67 immunogenicity. In place of the native sequence, the chimeric p67HA antigen has the human tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence and the influenza hemagglutinin A2 transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail. p67HA was detected on the surface of infected cells, and VLPs comprising BLV Gag and p67HA were produced. We also show that higher multiple bands observed in western blot analysis are due to glycosylation of p67. The two vaccines, pMExT-p67HA (DNA) and LSDV-SODis-p67HA-BLV-Gag, were tested for immunogenicity in mice. p67-binding antibodies were produced by vaccinated animals, with higher titers detected in mice vaccinated with the recombinant LSDV. This candidate dual vaccine warrants further testing in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Whittle
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ros Chapman
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Ros Chapman,
| | - Nicola Douglass
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Jaffer
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Margolin
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward Rybicki
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Bunkofske ME, Perumal N, White B, Strauch EM, Tarleton R. Epitopes in the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Attachment Signal Peptide of Trypanosoma cruzi Mucin Proteins Generate Robust but Delayed and Nonprotective CD8+ T Cell Responses. J Immunol 2023; 210:420-430. [PMID: 36603035 PMCID: PMC9898211 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi elicits substantial CD8+ T cell responses that disproportionately target epitopes encoded in the large trans-sialidase (TS) gene family. Within the C57BL/6 infection model, a significant proportion (30-40%) of the T. cruzi-specific CD8+ T cell response targets two immunodominant TS epitopes, TSKb18 and TSKb20. However, both TS-specific CD8+ T cell responses are dispensable for immune control, and TS-based vaccines have no demonstrable impact on parasite persistence, a determinant of disease. Besides TS, the specificity and protective capacity of CD8+ T cells that mediate immune control of T. cruzi infection are unknown. With the goal of identifying alternative CD8+ T cell targets, we designed and screened a representative set of genome-wide, in silico-predicted epitopes. Our screen identified a previously uncharacterized, to our knowledge, T cell epitope MUCKb25, found within mucin family proteins, the third most expanded large gene family in T. cruzi. The MUCKb25-specific response was characterized by delayed kinetics, relative to TS-specific responses, and extensive cross-reactivity with a large number of endogenous epitope variants. Similar to TS-specific responses, the MUCKb25 response was dispensable for control of the infection, and vaccination to generate MUCK-specific CD8+ T cells failed to confer protection. The lack of protection by MUCK vaccination was partly attributed to the fact that MUCKb25-specific T cells exhibit limited recognition of T. cruzi-infected host cells. Overall, these results indicate that the CD8+ T cell compartment in many T. cruzi-infected mice is occupied by cells with minimal apparent effector potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Bunkofske
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Natasha Perumal
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brooke White
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Strauch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rick Tarleton
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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24
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Sun L, Zhao N, Li H, Wang B, Li H, Zhang X, Zhao X. Construction of a Lactobacillus plantarum-based claudin-3 targeting delivery system for the development of vaccines against Eimeria tenella. Vaccine 2023; 41:756-765. [PMID: 36526500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and currently lacks effective live vector vaccines. Achieving efficient antigen delivery to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is critical for improving the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, chicken claudin-3 (CLDN3), a tight junction protein expressed in MALT, was identified as a target, and the C-terminal region of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) was proven to bind to chicken CLDN3. Then, a CLDN3-targeting Lactobacillus plantarum NC8-expressing C-CPE surface display system (NC8/GFP-C-CPE) was constructed to successfully express the heterologous protein on the surface of L. plantarum. The colonization level of NC8/GFP-C-CPE was significantly increased compared to the non-targeting strain and could persist in the intestine for at least 72 h. An oral vaccine strain expressing five EGF domains of Eimeria tenella microneme protein 8 (EtMIC8-EGF) (NC8/EtMIC8-EGF-C-CPE) was constructed to evaluate the protective efficacy against E. tenella infection. The results revealed that CLDN3-targeting L. plantarum induced stronger mucosal immunity in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) as well as humoral responses and conferred better protection in terms of parasite replication and pathology than the non-targeting strain. Overall, we successfully constructed a CLDN3-targeting L. plantarum NC8 surface display system characterized by MALT-targeting, which is an efficient antigen delivery system to confer enhanced protective efficacy in chickens against E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Alijani M, Saffar B, Yosefi Darani H, Mahzounieh M, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Shakshi-Niaei M, Soltani S, Ghaemi A, Shirian S. Immunological evaluation of a novel multi-antigenic DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3, MIC4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA1and BAG1 against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2023; 244:108409. [PMID: 36403800 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many recent studies have been conducted to find new DNA vaccines based on Toxoplasma gondii antigens. DNA vaccines encoding complex of different antigens showed better immune responses compared to single antigen vaccine. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3, MIC4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA1 and BAG1 against T. gondii, and evaluated the immune response it induced in BALB/c mice. For this purposes, thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups containing tenmice each. There were two negative control groups (PBSand pVAX1 vector) and one vaccination group (pVAX1-MAF, Multantigenic Fragment). On days 0, 14 and 28, the mice were immunized intramuscularly, and 5 weeks later they were challenged with T. gondii RH strain. The immune responses were evaluated using lymphocyte proliferation assay, T-cell subsets detection, and measurement of antibody and cytokine levels. The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX1-MAF developed high levels of IL-2, IL-12, IgG and IFN- γ as well as CD3+CD4+ T cells. In addition, the survival time of mice immunized by pVAX1-MAF was longer than that control mice. In conclusion, our results show that the multiple DNA vaccine encodingSAG1, SAG3, mic4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA and BAG1effectively enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses, and prolonged the survival time. Together this would suggest that further investigation may result in a promising candidate vaccine to treat toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Alijani
- Graduated Student of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Path Lab, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Saffar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Yosefi Darani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Science, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mahzounieh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shakshi-Niaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sodabe Soltani
- Graduated Student of Genetics, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Pathology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Kahatm Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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Yilmaz-Ozturk R, Calik H, Yaman S, Ustun-Karatop E, Cakir-Koc R. Immunogenic evaluation of multi-epitope peptide-loaded PCPP microparticles as a vaccine candidate against Toxoplasma Gondii. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 92:101927. [PMID: 36528908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a major health problem and socioeconomic burden, affecting around 30-50% of the global population. Poly(dicarboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene (PCPP) polymer was chosen as adjuvant for the immunogenic peptide antigen. Peptide-loaded PCPP microparticles were synthesized via the coacervation method and the characterization studies of microparticles were conducted to determine their size, charge, morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and loading capacity. To evaluate in vivo efficacy of the vaccine candidate, Balb/c mice were immunized with the formulations. Brain and spleen tissues were isolated from animals to investigate cytokine levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and brain cyst formation. As a result, antibody and cytokine responses in groups immunized with peptide-loaded PCPP microparticles were found to be significantly higher when compared to the control group. In conclusion, our novel multi-epitope peptide-loaded PCPP microparticle-based vaccine formulation demonstrated considerable humoral and cellular immune responses against T. gondii and protected mice against T. gondii infection during Toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Yilmaz-Ozturk
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul 34220, Turkey; Health Institutes of Turkey (TUSEB), Turkey Biotechnology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Calik
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yaman
- Gumushane University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Gumushane 29100, Turkey; Health Institutes of Turkey (TUSEB), Turkey Biotechnology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eslin Ustun-Karatop
- University of Ottawa, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Rabia Cakir-Koc
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul 34220, Turkey; Health Institutes of Turkey (TUSEB), Turkey Biotechnology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yang X, Song X, Liu J, Chen Q, An T, Liu Q. Protection of hatchlings against coccidiosis by maternal antibodies to four recombinant proteins of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. Vet Parasitol 2022; 312:109813. [PMID: 36343529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternally derived IgG antibodies to protective Eimeria antigens have great potential to control chicken coccidiosis and multivalent vaccines are more practical to resist against co-infection with several species of Eimeria under natural conditions. In this study, five good protective antigens of Eimeria species were combined into two combinations based on previous studies, namely C1(EtROPK-Eten5-A, EtGAM22, Ea3-1E and EmGAM56) and C2(EtM2AP and EtGAM22, Ea3-1E and EmGAM56). Then, five antigens were expressed in the Escherichia coli system and purified to inoculate breeding hens. After three times immunization, the specific antibodies could sustain for 11 and 10 weeks in hens' plasma and egg yolk, respectively. Moreover, maternally derived antibodies against recombinant proteins could retain for 14 days in hatchlings' serum. Then, protective efficacies of specific antibodies on hatchlings against mixed infection of E. tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima were evaluated. The results showed that the hatchlings of the immunized hens had a higher survival rate on day 7 of hatching. Moreover, body weight gains within the hatchlings of immunized hens were higher than those of unvaccinated hens on 7 days (C1: p = 0.0744; C2: p = 0.4020) and 14 days (p < 0.0001). Moreover, hatchlings from vaccinated hens showed significantly alleviated lesion scores in the small intestine and duodenum at day 7 (p < 0.01) and day 14 (C1: p < 0.05). Particularly, the number of oocyst excretion from hatchlings of immunized hens was significantly reduced at day 7 (p < 0.0001) and day 14 (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that the maternal immunization with multivalent recombinant vaccines has the potential to be transmission blocking vaccines against mixed infection of Eimeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xingju Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Qingzhong Chen
- HLINTE Biological Technology Company, Tianjin 301702, PR China.
| | - Tongwei An
- HLINTE Biological Technology Company, Tianjin 301702, PR China.
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhi W, Chen H, Bai B, Jia Z, Pan X, Wang B, Kong R, Liu Q, Ma C, Ma D. Combined oral immunization with probiotics Entercoccus faecalis delivering surface-anchored Eimeria tenella proteins provide protective efficacies against homologous infection in chickens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042143. [PMID: 36311704 PMCID: PMC9606674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Avian coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease exerting a highly negative impact on the global poultry industry. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the immune protective efficacies against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens orally immunized with combined recombinant probiotics Entercoccus faecalis (E. faecalis) delivering surface-anchored E. tenella proteins. Methods Four kinds of novel probiotics vaccines that surface-expressing four Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) proteins EtAMA1, EtIMP1, EtMIC2 and Et3-1E were produced, respectively. The expression of four target proteins on the surface of recombinant bacteria was detected by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Then the four kinds of recombinant E. faecalis were combined to immunize chickens via oral route in different combinations. The immunizations were performed three times at two-week intervals, and each for three consecutive days. After immunizations, chickens in each immunized group were orally challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts. The immune responses and protective efficacies against homologous infection were evaluated. Results The results showed that three or four live recombinant E. faecalis induced effective antigen-specific humoral, intestinal mucosal immune responses, stimulated peripheral T lymphocytes proliferation, and displayed partial protections against homologous challenge as measured by cecal lesions, oocyst shedding, and body weight gain (BWG). Notably, higher levels of protective efficacies were observed when the four recombinant E. faecalis delivering target proteins were combined. Conclusion Chickens orally administrated with three or four, especially the four combined recombinant E. faecalis stimulated specific immune responses, which provided anti-coccidial effects. This study offers an idea for future development of novel vaccines based on multi-antigens delivered by probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingrong Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghui Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Biao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunli Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Dexing Ma, ; Chunli Ma,
| | - Dexing Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Dexing Ma, ; Chunli Ma,
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Pu J, Xiao J, Bai X, Chen H, Zheng R, Gu X, Xie Y, He R, Xu J, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Prokaryotic Expression of Eimeria magna SAG10 and SAG11 Genes and the Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of the Recombinant Protein on Immune Protection in Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810942. [PMID: 36142854 PMCID: PMC9506328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeria magna is a common coccidia in the intestines of rabbits, causing anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, and bloody stools. This study cloned and determined the expression levels of four Eimeria surface antigens (EmSAGs) at different developmental stages and showed that EmSAG10 and EmSAG11 are highly expressed at the merozoite stage. Rabbits were immunized with rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11, and then challenged with E. magna after 2 weeks. Serum-specific antibodies and cytokine levels were detected using ELISA. Immune protection was evaluated based on the rate of the oocysts decrease, the output of oocysts (p < 0.05), the average weight gain, and the feed: meat ratio. Our results showed that rabbits immunized with rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11 had a higher average weight gain (62.7%, 61.1%), feed; meat ratio (3.8:1, 4.5:1), and the oocysts decrease rate (70.8%, 81.2%) than those in the control group, and also significantly reduced intestinal lesions. The specific IgG level increased one week after the first rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11 immunization and was maintained until two weeks after the challenge (p < 0.05). The TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in the serum increased significantly after the secondary immunization with rEmSAG10 and rEmSAG11, while the IL-2 levels increased significantly after the secondary immunization with rEmSAG11 (both p < 0.05), suggesting that rEmSAG10 can induce a humoral and cellular immunity, while rEmSAG11 can only induce a humoral immunity. Therefore, rEmSAG10 is a candidate antigen for E. magna recombinant subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Pu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Bai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruoyu Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Dzul-Huchim VM, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Martinez-Vega PP, Rosado-Vallado ME, Arana-Argaez VE, Ortega-Lopez J, Gusovsky F, Dumonteil E, Cruz-Chan JV, Hotez P, Bottazzi ME, Villanueva-Lizama LE. Vaccine-linked chemotherapy with a low dose of benznidazole plus a bivalent recombinant protein vaccine prevents the development of cardiac fibrosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi in chronically-infected BALB/c mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010258. [PMID: 36095001 PMCID: PMC9499242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects 6–7 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of chronic patients develop chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) after decades. Benznidazole (BNZ), one of the first-line chemotherapy used for CD, induces toxicity and fails to halt the progression of CCC in chronic patients. The recombinant parasite-derived antigens, including Tc24, Tc24-C4, TSA-1, and TSA-1-C4 with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) agonist-adjuvants reduce cardiac parasite burdens, heart inflammation, and fibrosis, leading us to envision their use as immunotherapy together with BNZ. Given genetic immunization (DNA vaccines) encoding Tc24 and TSA-1 induce protective immunity in mice and dogs, we propose that immunization with the corresponding recombinant proteins offers an alternative and feasible strategy to develop these antigens as a bivalent human vaccine. We hypothesized that a low dose of BNZ in combination with a therapeutic vaccine (TSA-1-C4 and Tc24-C4 antigens formulated with a synthetic TLR-4 agonist-adjuvant, E6020-SE) given during early chronic infection, could prevent cardiac disease progression and provide antigen-specific T cell immunity. Methodology/ Principal findings We evaluated the therapeutic vaccine candidate plus BNZ (25 mg/kg/day/7 days) given on days 72 and 79 post-infection (p.i) (early chronic phase). Fibrosis, inflammation, and parasite burden were quantified in heart tissue at day 200 p.i. (late chronic phase). Further, spleen cells were collected to evaluate antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune response, using flow cytometry. We found that vaccine-linked BNZ treated mice had lower cardiac fibrosis compared to the infected untreated control group. Moreover, cells from mice that received the immunotherapy had higher stimulation index of antigen-specific CD8+Perforin+ T cells as well as antigen-specific central memory T cells compared to the infected untreated control. Conclusions Our results suggest that the bivalent immunotherapy together with BNZ treatment given during early chronic infection protects BALB/c mice against cardiac fibrosis progression and activates a strong CD8+ T cell response by in vitro restimulation, evidencing the induction of a long-lasting T. cruzi-immunity. Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted through contact with infected feces of vectors bugs. CD can induce cardiac abnormalities including the development of fibrosis and eventually death. Benznidazole (BNZ) is the first-line drug approved against CD, however, its toxicity and lack of efficacy in the chronic phase have limited its use. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of reducing doses of BNZ given in combination with therapeutic vaccines during the acute phase of CD, which increases its tolerability and reduces adverse side effects. Considering that patients are often diagnosed until more advanced stages of the disease, its necessary to evaluate therapies given in the chronic phase of CD. In this study, we evaluated a vaccine formulated with the recombinant T. cruzi-antigens TSA-1-C4 and Tc24-C4 and the adjuvant E6020-SE in combination with a low dose of BNZ given during the chronic phase of T. cruzi-infection using a murine model. The authors found that the combination therapy protects mice against cardiac fibrosis progression, allows the activation of a CD8+ T cell response, and induces a prolonged memory response against T. cruzi. This study supports the development of the vaccine-linked chemotherapy approach to prevent T. cruzi chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuel Dzul-Huchim
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Maria Jesus Ramirez-Sierra
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Pedro Pablo Martinez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Miguel Enrique Rosado-Vallado
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Victor Ermilo Arana-Argaez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jaime Ortega-Lopez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fabian Gusovsky
- Eisai, Inc., Eisai Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Peter Hotez
- Texas Children’s Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - María Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children’s Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liliana Estefania Villanueva-Lizama
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- * E-mail:
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Lee Y, Park I, Wickramasuriya SS, Arous JB, Koziol ME, Lillehoj HS. Co-administration of chicken IL-7 or NK-lysin peptide 2 enhances the efficacy of Eimeria elongation factor-1α vaccination against Eimeria maxima infection in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102013. [PMID: 35905546 PMCID: PMC9335386 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a recombinant Eimeria elongation factor-1α (EF-1α)-vaccination strategy against Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) infection by co-administering with chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) or chicken NK-lysin peptide 2 (cNK-2) in commercial broiler chickens. Chickens were divided into the following 5 groups: control (CON, no Eimeria infection), nonimmunized control (NC, PBS plus Montanide ISA 78 VG), Vaccination 1 (VAC1, 100 µg of recombinant EF-1α plus Montanide ISA 78 VG), Vaccination 2 (VAC2, VAC1 plus 1 µg of chIL-7), and Vaccination 3 (VAC3, VAC2 plus 5 µg of cNK-2 peptide). The first immunization except the cNK-2 injection was performed intramuscularly on day 4, and the secondary immunization was given with the same concentration of components as the primary immunization 1 wk later. All chickens except the CON group were orally inoculated with freshly prepared E. maxima (1.0 × 104 oocysts per chicken) oocysts on Day 19. The results of the in vivo vaccination trial showed that chickens of all groups immunized with recombinant EF-1α antigen (VAC1, VAC2, and VAC3) showed higher serum antibody levels to EF-1α, and co-injection with chIL-7 further increased the serum IL-7 level in the VAC2 and VAC3 groups. Chickens in the VAC2 group showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher body weight gains at 6 and 9 d post-E. maxima challenge infection (dpi) with reduced gut lesions in the jejunum at 6 dpi. The VAC3 group showed reduced fecal oocyst shedding compared to the nonimmunized and infected chickens (NC). At 4 dpi, E. maxima infection significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-β and IL-17F) and type Ι cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-10) in the jejunum (NC), but the expression of these cytokines was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated in the VAC1, VAC2, and VAC3 groups. Furthermore, E. maxima challenge infection significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the expressions of jejunal tight junction (TJ) proteins (Jam2 and Occludin) at 4 dpi, but their expression was up-regulated in the VAC2 and VAC3 groups. Collectively, these results show the protective effects of the EF-1α recombinant vaccine, which can be further enhanced by co-injection with chIL-7 or cNK-2 peptide against E. maxima infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Lee
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Inkyung Park
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Samiru S Wickramasuriya
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Juliette Ben Arous
- SEPPIC, 50 Boulevard National, Paris la Défense, 92257 La Garenne Colombes, France
| | - Marie-Eve Koziol
- SEPPIC, 50 Boulevard National, Paris la Défense, 92257 La Garenne Colombes, France
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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Allahyari M. PLGA Nanoparticles as an Efficient Platform in Protein Vaccines Against Toxoplasma gondii. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:582-591. [PMID: 35013939 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) as an obligatory intracellular is widespread all over the world and causes considerable concerns in immunocompromised patients by developing toxoplasmic encephalitis and in pregnancy because of serious consequences in the fetus. Although vaccination is the only approach to overcome toxoplasmosis, there is no commercially available human vaccine against T. gondii. PURPOSE The remarkable features of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles have brought up the application of PLGA as a promising vaccine delivery vehicle against T. gondii and other intracellular parasites. This review focuses on the application of the PLGA delivery system in the development of preventive vaccines against T. gondii. METHODS In this study, all required data were collected from articles indexed in English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. RESULT Immunity against T. gondii, characteristics of PLGA particles as a delivery vehicle, and all researches on particulate PLGA vaccines with different T. gondii antigens and DNA against were discussed and their efficacies in conferring protection against a lethal challenge based on increased survival or reduced brain cyst loads have been shown. CONCLUSION Although various levels of protection against lethal challenge have been achieved through PLGA-based vaccinations, there is still no complete protection against T. gondii infection. Surprisingly, the application of surface modifications of PLGA particles by mucoadhesive polymers, cationic agents, DCs (dendritic cells) targeting receptors, specialized membranous epithelial cells (M-cells), and co-delivery of the desired antigen along with toll-like receptor ligands would be a revolutionized vaccine strategy against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Allahyari
- Recombinant Protein Production Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
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Chen C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang M, Lu M, Xu L, Yan R, Li X, Song X. An Eimeria maxima Antigen: Its Functions on Stimulating Th1 Cytokines and Protective Efficacy Against Coccidiosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872015. [PMID: 35669766 PMCID: PMC9163350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A consensus is that the Th1 immune response plays a predominant role against avian coccidiosis. Therefore, an antigen with the ability to induce Th1 cytokine responses is an ideal candidate for the development of coccidiosis vaccines. In our previous study, EmARM-β, a Th1 cytokines-stimulating antigen, was screened from the cDNA expression library of Eimeria maxima (E. maxima). Herein, we verified its stimulative effects on Th1 cytokine productions and evaluated its protective efficacy against E. maxima infection. Recombinant EmARM-β protein was expressed, and eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1-EmARM-β was also constructed for the immunization of birds. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the native form of EmARM-β protein in the stage of sporozoites. Expressions of specific transcription factors and cytokines in immunized chickens were measured using qPCR and ELISA to verify its stimulating function on Th1 cytokines. Specific IgG antibody levels and T lymphocyte subpopulation in the immunized chickens were detected using ELISA and indirect flow cytometry to determine induced immune responses. The results showed that EmARM-β native protein is massively expressed in the sporozoites stage of E. maxima. Effective stimulation from the EmARM-β antigen to T-bet and Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) was observed in vivo. After being immunized with rEmARM-β or pVAX1-EmARM-β, significant promotion to the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the level of antigen-specific IgG antibodies in immunized chickens was also observed. Furthermore, vaccination with rEmARM-β antigen or pVAX1-EmARM-β resulted in alleviated weight loss and enteric lesion, reduced oocyst output, and higher anticoccidial index (ACI) in challenged birds. These results indicate that EmARM-β antigen can effectively stimulate the expression of Th1 cytokines and initiate host immune responses, providing moderate protective efficacy against E. maxima. Notably, EmARM-β protein is a promising candidate for developing a novel anticoccidial vaccine.
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Abstract
Giardia lamblia is the only known parasite that can inhabit the harsh upper gastrointestinal tract, where most of the digestive proteases are secreted. Intestinal and free-living protozoa express surface proteins containing an extraordinarily high percentage of cysteine. These cysteine-rich variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) form a dense coat on the entire surface of Giardia trophozoites, that coat protects the parasite inside the host intestine. VSPs not only are resistant to proteolytic digestion, extreme pH and temperatures, but also stimulate host immune responses. These properties can be used to protect as well as to increase the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens for oral administration. The incorporation of VSPs onto virus-like particles bearing viral antigens allows oral administration of these vaccines, protecting the antigens from degradation and generating robust and protective immune responses. In this chapter we describe the development of this versatile vaccine platform for the generation of safe, stable, and efficient oral vaccines, including their production and validation, as well as the characterization of immune response to oral immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Lara Rupil
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marianela Del Carmen Serradell
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Micología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hugo Daniel Luján
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Gaafar MR, El-Mansoury ST, Eissa MM, Shalaby TI, Younis LK, Rashed HA. Effect of alginate nanoparticles on the immunogenicity of excretory-secretory antigens against acute toxoplasmosis in murine model. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106215. [PMID: 34687647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy of alginate nanoparticles (Alg-NPs) as vaccine delivery for the excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) against the virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated. Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally immunized with three doses of either in vivo and in vitro-prepared ESA vaccines, 20 µg each, at 2-week intervals, then were challenged with 2500 tachyzoites of the RH HXGPRT (-) Toxoplasma gondii strain, four weeks later. Mice mortality, tachyzoite number in both peritoneal fluid and impression smear, and viability, ultrastructural tachyzoite changes, measuring immunological markers, and histopathological changes of both liver and spleen were studied, in comparison to alum adjuvanted ESAs and infected control subgroups. The in vivo-prepared Alg-NPs loaded ESAs vaccinated subgroups induced significant reduction in mice mortality, tachyzoite count in both peritoneal fluid and impression smears and viability. Scanning electron microscopy revealed tachyzoites deformities with multiple irregularities, while transmission electron microscopy showed tachyzoites distortion, disrupted plasma membranes, loss of nuclear integrities, and absence of dense granules with extensive vacuolations. A statistically significant increase in the level of both IFN-γ and anti-Toxoplasma IgG was noted. Histopathological results recorded amelioration of the pathological changes induced by Toxoplasma infection in both liver and spleen, with scanty parasites. Therefore, Alg-NPs proved its effectiveness in enhancing the ESAs antigencity, and recommended to test its potentiality as drugs carrier for anti-Toxoplasma agents to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha R Gaafar
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Salwa T El-Mansoury
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Maha M Eissa
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Thanaa I Shalaby
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Layla K Younis
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Rashed
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Versteeg L, Adhikari R, Poveda C, Villar-Mondragon MJ, Jones KM, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Tijhaar E, Pollet J. Location and expression kinetics of Tc24 in different life stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009689. [PMID: 34478444 PMCID: PMC8415617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tc24-C4, a modified recombinant flagellar calcium-binding protein of Trypanosoma cruzi, is under development as a therapeutic subunit vaccine candidate to prevent or delay progression of chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy. When combined with Toll-like receptor agonists, Tc24-C4 immunization reduces parasitemia, parasites in cardiac tissue, and cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in animal models. To support further research on the vaccine candidate and its mechanism of action, murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Tc24-C4 were generated. Here, we report new findings made with mAb Tc24-C4/884 that detects Tc24-WT and Tc24-C4, as well as native Tc24 in T. cruzi on ELISA, western blots, and different imaging techniques. Surprisingly, detection of Tc24 by Tc24-C/884 in fixed T. cruzi trypomastigotes required permeabilization of the parasite, revealing that Tc24 is not exposed on the surface of T. cruzi, making a direct role of antibodies in the induced protection after Tc24-C4 immunization less likely. We further observed that after immunostaining T. cruzi-infected cells with mAb Tc24-C4/884, the expression of Tc24 decreases significantly when T. cruzi trypomastigotes enter host cells and transform into amastigotes. However, Tc24 is then upregulated in association with parasite flagellar growth linked to re-transformation into the trypomastigote form, prior to host cellular escape. These observations are discussed in the context of potential mechanisms of vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Versteeg
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rakesh Adhikari
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Jose Villar-Mondragon
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Abstract
African trypanosomes cause diseases of humans and their livestock. To date, a much-desired vaccine has been elusive, due in part to the immune evasion mechanisms of these cunning parasites. However, Autheman et al. have used a bold, high-throughput screen to provide hope that vaccines may be on the way.
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Moraschi BF, Noronha IH, Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Monteiro CB, Denapoli P, Vrechi T, Pereira GJS, Gazzinelli RT, Lannes-Vieira J, Rodrigues MM, Bortoluci KR, Vasconcelos JRC. Rapamycin Improves the Response of Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells Induced by Immunization With ASP2 of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676183. [PMID: 34123875 PMCID: PMC8191465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in memory formation and increased immunosenescence are pivotal features of Trypanosoma cruzi infection proposed to play a role in parasite persistence and disease development. The vaccination protocol that consists in a prime with plasmid DNA followed by the boost with a deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5, both carrying the ASP2 gene of T. cruzi, is a powerful strategy to elicit effector memory CD8+ T-cells against this parasite. In virus infections, the inhibition of mTOR, a kinase involved in several biological processes, improves the response of memory CD8+ T-cells. Therefore, our aim was to assess the role of rapamycin, the pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, in CD8+ T response against T. cruzi induced by heterologous prime-boost vaccine. For this purpose, C57BL/6 or A/Sn mice were immunized and daily treated with rapamycin for 34 days. CD8+ T-cells response was evaluated by immunophenotyping, intracellular staining, ELISpot assay and in vivo cytotoxicity. In comparison with vehicle-injection, rapamycin administration during immunization enhanced the frequency of ASP2-specific CD8+ T-cells and the percentage of the polyfunctional population, which degranulated (CD107a+) and secreted both interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The beneficial effects were long-lasting and could be detected 95 days after priming. Moreover, the effects were detected in mice immunized with ten-fold lower doses of plasmid/adenovirus. Additionally, the highly susceptible to T. cruzi infection A/Sn mice, when immunized with low vaccine doses, treated with rapamycin, and challenged with trypomastigote forms of the Y strain showed a survival rate of 100%, compared with 42% in vehicle-injected group. Trying to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects on CD8+ T-cells by mTOR inhibition after immunization, we showed that in vivo proliferation was higher after rapamycin treatment compared with vehicle-injected group. Taken together, our data provide a new approach to vaccine development against intracellular parasites, placing the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as an adjuvant to improve effective CD8+ T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaú Henrique Noronha
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Cariste
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Monteiro
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Priscila Denapoli
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Vrechi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J. S. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratoy of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício M. Rodrigues
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie C. Vasconcelos
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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Yang J, Yang C, Qian J, Li F, Zhao J, Fang R. Toxoplasma gondii α-amylase deletion mutant is a promising vaccine against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:2057-2069. [PMID: 32959958 PMCID: PMC7533317 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with inhibited immunity may develop lethal toxoplasmosis; thus, a safe and effective vaccine is urged to be developed. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) α-amylase (α-AMY) is one of the enzymes responsible for starch digestion. In the present study, we first generated a ME49Δα-amy mutant and discovered that loss of α-AMY robustly grew in vitro but contributed to significant virulence attenuation in vivo. Therefore, we established a mouse model to explore the protective immunity of Δα-amy mutant against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The results indicated that the survival rates of short-term or long-term immunized mice re-infected with the tachyzoites of multiple T. gondii strains were nearly 100%. ME49Δα-amy not only could provide protective immunity against tachyzoites infection but also could resist the infection of tissue cysts. Furthermore, we detected that ME49Δα-amy vaccination could effectively eliminate the proliferation of parasites in mice and prevent the formation of cysts. The significant increases of Th1-type cytokines, Th2-type cytokines and specific total IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG2a and IgG1) confirmed efficiency of a combination of cellular and humoral immunity against infection. In conclusion, ME49Δα-amy attenuated strain can produce strong immune responses to provide efficient protection against toxoplasmosis, which signifies that ME49Δα-amy mutant may be a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Chenghang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Jiahui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Facai Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
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Huang H, Jiang Y, Zhou F, Shi C, Yang W, Wang J, Kang Y, Cao X, Wang C, Yang G. A potential vaccine candidate towards chicken coccidiosis mediated by recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum with surface displayed EtMIC2 protein. Exp Parasitol 2020; 215:107901. [PMID: 32525007 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) has caused severe economic loss in chicken production, especially after the forbidden use of antibiotics in feed. Considering the drug resistant problem caused by misuse of chemoprophylaxis and live oocyst vaccines can affect the productivity of chickens, also it has the risk to reversion of virulence, the development of efficacious, convenient and safe vaccines is still deeply needed. In this study, the EtMic2 protein of E. tenella was anchored on the surface of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) NC8 strain. The newly constructed strain was then used to immunize chickens, followed by E. tenella challenge. The results demonstrated that the recombinant strain could provide efficient protection against E. tenella, shown by increased relative body weight gains, percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, humoral immune response and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, decreased cecum lesion scores and fecal oocyst shedding were also observed during the experiment. In conclusion, this study proves the possibility to use L. plantarum as a vessel to deliver protective antigen to protect chickens against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiBin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - YanLong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - FangYu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - ChunWei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - WenTao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - JianZhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - YuanHuan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - ChunFeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - GuiLian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Rathinam T, Gadde U, Chapman HD. Attenuation of a drug-sensitive strain of a turkey protozoan parasite Eimeria meleagrimitis by selection for precocious development. Vet Parasitol 2016; 216:1-3. [PMID: 26801586 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An attenuated line of Eimeria meleagrimitis was established by repeated propagation of the parasite in 9-day old turkey poults and subsequent selection for precocious development. Following 20 passages, the prepatent period decreased from 120 to 104h. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity, immunogenicity and fecundity of the newly selected line. Judged by body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency following infection, the attenuated line had appreciably reduced pathogenicity. Immunogenicity of the attenuated line was examined by infecting poults successively with incremental doses of 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) oocysts at 0, 7, and 14 days of age respectively. No oocysts were detected following challenge with 5×10(2) oocysts, indicating that the attenuated line had retained immunogenicity. Fecundity was assessed by infecting two-week old birds with 5×10(2) oocysts of either parent or attenuated line. Oocyst production from 96 to 240h post-infection showed that the patent period of the attenuated line commenced earlier and was of shorter duration than the parent line.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rathinam
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - U Gadde
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - H D Chapman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
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Tancredo KR, Gonçalves ELT, Brum A, Acchile M, Hashimoto GSO, Pereira SA, Martins ML. Hemato-immunological and biochemical parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen immunized with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 45:689-694. [PMID: 26027759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the immunization by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) (assay I) and immersion bath (assay II) with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifillis in Rhamdia quelen and its influence on the hemato-immunological and biochemical parameters. Fish were divided in control (non immunized no challenged); non immunized and challenged with 12,000 theronts/fish; non immunized and challenged with 22,000 theronts/fish; immunized and challenged with 12,000 theronts/fish; immunized and challenged with 22,000 theronts/fish. Six days after challenge, either in the assay I or in the assay II the prevalence of I. multifillis in the gills was higher in non immunized fish (33.33% and 27.77%, respectively). In the assay I showed higher numbers of thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes 20 days after injection and lower numbers after challenge. The immunoglobulin values were higher in fish non immunized. Fish immunized by immersion bath (assay II) showed greater values of catalase (CAT) in the liver (1245.49 U/mgprt) when compared to i.p. (198.79 U/mgprt). The levels of CAT in the liver of fish from the assay II were greater (1738.47 U/mgprt) 14 days after immunization than that observed 21 days after (1114.26 U/mgprt). The vaccination by i.p method showed influence on the hematological parameters. On the other hand, the immersion bath vaccination showed greater influence on the catalase activity in the liver. The results showed that new parameters like total protein, immunoglobulin and antioxidant enzymes could be considered in evaluating the host response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Tancredo
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo L T Gonçalves
- LAPON - Laboratório de Piscicultura Marinha Ornamental, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Brum
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monyele Acchile
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S O Hashimoto
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Scheila A Pereira
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Martins
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Li RH, Zhang TE, Yin GR. [Research Advance on Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 2 Family as Candidate Vaccine Molecules]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2015; 33:222-227. [PMID: 26541043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 2 family (ROP2 family), secreted by the rhoptry, plays an important role in T. gondii invasion of host cells and its virulence. The ROP2 family members include ROP2, ROP4, ROP5, ROP8, ROP13, ROP16, ROP17, and ROP18. Recent studies have found that these members are potential vaccine candidates against toxoplasmosis, and can induce the protective immunity of the host. This paper reviews the research advance on the ROP2 family members as DNA or protein vaccines against toxoplasmosis.
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Goodswen SJ, Kennedy PJ, Ellis JT. Enhancing in silico protein-based vaccine discovery for eukaryotic pathogens using predicted peptide-MHC binding and peptide conservation scores. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115745. [PMID: 25545691 PMCID: PMC4278717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given thousands of proteins constituting a eukaryotic pathogen, the principal objective for a high-throughput in silico vaccine discovery pipeline is to select those proteins worthy of laboratory validation. Accurate prediction of T-cell epitopes on protein antigens is one crucial piece of evidence that would aid in this selection. Prediction of peptides recognised by T-cell receptors have to date proved to be of insufficient accuracy. The in silico approach is consequently reliant on an indirect method, which involves the prediction of peptides binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. There is no guarantee nevertheless that predicted peptide-MHC complexes will be presented by antigen-presenting cells and/or recognised by cognate T-cell receptors. The aim of this study was to determine if predicted peptide-MHC binding scores could provide contributing evidence to establish a protein's potential as a vaccine. Using T-Cell MHC class I binding prediction tools provided by the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource, peptide binding affinity to 76 common MHC I alleles were predicted for 160 Toxoplasma gondii proteins: 75 taken from published studies represented proteins known or expected to induce T-cell immune responses and 85 considered less likely vaccine candidates. The results show there is no universal set of rules that can be applied directly to binding scores to distinguish a vaccine from a non-vaccine candidate. We present, however, two proposed strategies exploiting binding scores that provide supporting evidence that a protein is likely to induce a T-cell immune response-one using random forest (a machine learning algorithm) with a 72% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity and the other, using amino acid conservation scores with a 74.6% sensitivity and 70.5% specificity when applied to the 160 benchmark proteins. More importantly, the binding score strategies are valuable evidence contributors to the overall in silico vaccine discovery pool of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Goodswen
- School of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Kennedy
- School of Software, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology and the Centre for Quantum Computation and Intelligent Systems at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - John T. Ellis
- School of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Flora R, Aghazadeh-Dibavar S, Bandyopadhyay M, Dasgupta S. Immunosuppression during Leishmania donovani infection: a potential target for the development of therapy. Ann Parasitol 2014; 60:239-245. [PMID: 25706420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of T-helper 1 mediated immune responses is a hallmark of the progression of visceral leishmaniosis (VL). Several factors such as altered antigen presentation, and abnormalities in MHC/HLA, antigen processing, and T cell receptor recognition regulate the onset of immunosuppression. Recent investigations on VL patients suggest that susceptibility to visceral leishmaniosis is genetically determined and varies between populations in different geographical locations. Emerging evidence also indicates the importance of the role played by myeloid derived suppressor cells in progressive VL. This study provides a mechanistic view of means to target the signaling mechanisms of immunosuppression to determine potential therapeutic interventions.
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Fernandes AP, Canavaci AMC, McCall LI, Matlashewski G. A2 and other visceralizing proteins of Leishmania: role in pathogenesis and application for vaccine development. Subcell Biochem 2014; 74:77-101. [PMID: 24264241 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7305-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a re-emergent disease and a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. Amongst the more than 20 Leishmania species, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum and more rarely Leishmania amazonensis are associated with visceral leishmaniasis. A major question in leishmaniasis research is how these species migrate to and infect visceral organs whereas other species such as Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis remain in the skin, causing tegumentary leishmaniasis. Here we present the more recent advances and approaches towards the identification of species-specific visceralizing factors of Leishmania, such as the A2 protein, leading to a better understanding of parasite biology. We also discuss their potential use for the development of a vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil,
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Basso B, Marini V. Experimental Chagas disease. Innate immune response in Balb/c mice previously vaccinated with Trypanosoma rangeli. I. The macrophage shows immunological memory: Reality or fiction? Immunobiology 2013; 219:275-84. [PMID: 24321621 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major vector borne health problem in Latin America and an emerging or re-emerging infectious disease in several countries. Immune response to T. cruzi infection is highly complex and involves many components, both regulators and effectors. Although different parasites have been shown to activate different mechanisms of innate immunity, T. cruzi is often able to survive and replicate in its host because they are well adapted to resisting host defences. An experimental model for vaccinating mice with Trypanosoma rangeli, a parasite closely related to T. cruzi, but nonpathogenic to humans, has been designed in our laboratory, showing protection against challenge with T. cruzi infection. The aim of this work was to analyze some mechanisms of the early innate immune response in T. rangeli vaccinated mice challenged with T. cruzi. For this purpose, some interactions were studied between T. cruzi and peritoneal macrophages of mice vaccinated with T. rangeli, infected or not with T. cruzi and the levels of some molecules or soluble mediators which could modify these interactions. The results in vaccinated animals showed a strong innate immune response, where the adherent cells of the vaccinated mice revealed important phagocytic activity, and some soluble mediator (Respiratory Burst: significantly increase, p ≤ 0.03; NO: the levels of vaccinated animals were lower than those of the control group; Arginasa: significantly increase, p ≤ 0.04). The results showed an important role in the early elimination of the parasites and their close relation with the absence of histological lesions that these animals present with regard to the only infected mice. This behaviour reveals that the macrophages act with some type of memory, recognizing the antigens to which they have previously been exposed, in mice were vaccinated with T. rangeli, which shares epitopes with T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Basso
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Service, Medicine School, National Cordoba University, Argentina; National Co-ordination of Vector Control, Argentina.
| | - V Marini
- Department of Immunology Medicine School, Catholic University of Cordoba, Argentina
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Carabarin-Lima A, González-Vázquez MC, Rodríguez-Morales O, Baylón-Pacheco L, Rosales-Encina JL, Reyes-López PA, Arce-Fonseca M. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: an update. Acta Trop 2013; 127:126-35. [PMID: 23643518 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated organism that is transmitted mainly to humans through the infected feces of triatomine kissing bugs (vector transmission in endemic areas) or by transfusion of infected blood, donations of infected organ, or transmission from an infected mother to her child at birth. Chagas disease was first described in 1909 by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, and due to the parasite's distribution throughout North, Central and South America, the disease is commonly known as American trypanosomiasis. However, this disease is now present in non-endemic countries such as Canada, the United States of America, and several countries in Europe (principally Spain). Moreover, Chagas disease was recently designated by the World Health Organization as one of the main neglected tropical diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the research efforts recently described in studies conducted in Mexico on Chagas disease. In this country, there are no existing vector control programs. In addition, there is no consensus on the diagnostic methods for acute and chronic Chagas disease in maternity wards and blood banks, and trypanocidal therapy is not administered to chronic patients. The actual prevalence of the disease is unknown because no official reporting of cases is performed. Therefore, the number of people infected by different routes of transmission (vector, congenital, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or oral) is unknown. We believe that by promoting education about Chagas disease in schools starting at the basic elementary level and including reinforcement at higher education levels will ensure that the Mexican population would be aware of this health problem and that the control measures adopted will have more acceptance and success. We hope that this review sensitizes the relevant authorities and that the appropriate measures to reduce the risk of infection by T. cruzi are undertaken to provide the Mexican people a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carabarin-Lima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Nakayasu ES, Sobreira TJP, Torres R, Ganiko L, Oliveira PSL, Marques AF, Almeida IC. Improved proteomic approach for the discovery of potential vaccine targets in Trypanosoma cruzi. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:237-46. [PMID: 22115061 PMCID: PMC3253764 DOI: 10.1021/pr200806s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a devastating parasitic infection affecting millions of people. Although many efforts have been made for the development of immunotherapies, there is no available vaccine against this deadly infection. One major hurdle for the rational approach to develop a T. cruzi vaccine is the limited information about the proteins produced by different phylogenetic lineages, strains, and stages of the parasite. Here, we have adapted a 1D nanoHPLC system to perform online 2D LC-MS/MS, using the autosampler to inject the eluting salt solutions in the first dimension separation. The application of this methodology for the proteomic analysis of the infective trypomastigote stage of T. cruzi led to the identification of 1448 nonredundant proteins. Furthermore, about 14% of the identified sequences comprise surface proteins, most of them glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and related to parasite pathogenesis. Immunoinformatic analysis revealed thousands of potential peptides with predicted high-binding affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. The high diversity of proteins expressed on the trypomastigote surface may have many implications for host-cell invasion and immunoevasion mechanisms triggered by the parasite. Finally, we performed a rational approach to filter potential T-cell epitopes that could be further tested and validated for development of a Chagas disease vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso TX, 79902, USA
| | - Tiago J. P. Sobreira
- National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso TX, 79902, USA
| | - Luciane Ganiko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso TX, 79902, USA
| | - Paulo S. L. Oliveira
- National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F. Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso TX, 79902, USA
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso TX, 79902, USA
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Abdian N, Gholami E, Zahedifard F, Safaee N, Rafati S. Evaluation of DNA/DNA and prime-boost vaccination using LPG3 against Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice and its antigenic properties in human leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:627-36. [PMID: 21187087 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the main issues in vaccine development is implementation of new adjuvants to improve the antigen presentation and eliciting the protective immune response. Heat shock protein (HSP) molecules are known as natural adjuvants. They can stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response against infectious diseases and cancer. Lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3), the Leishmania homologous with GRP94 (glucose regulated protein 94), a member of HSP90 family, is involved in assembly of LPG as the most abundant macromolecule on the surface of Leishmania promastigotes. In the present study as a primary step, we tested LPG3 as a vaccine candidate in two regimens, DNA/DNA and prime-boost (DNA/Protein), against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice model. Our results showed that LPG3 and its fragment (rNT-LPG3) are highly immunogenic in BALB/c mice and can stimulate the production of both IgG1 and IgG2a. In prime-boost immunization strategy, the level of antibody response was higher compared with DNA/DNA immunization. The levels of IFN-γ in the supernatant of splenocytes from mice immunized with DNA/DNA and prime-boost regimens were significantly higher when compared to control groups. In fact, immunization with prime-boost vaccination has higher ratio of IFN-γ/IL-5, suggesting a shift towards a Th1 response. In addition, sera reactivity against LPG3 in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients was significantly higher in comparison with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients. Therefore, we recommend further investigations on the usage of LPG3 co-delivery with candidate antigens for vaccine development against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Abdian
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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