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Mishra N, Gutheil WG. Stereoselective Amine-omics Using Heavy Atom Isotope Labeled l- and d-Marfey's Reagents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1217-1226. [PMID: 38683793 PMCID: PMC11160435 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological amines and amino acids play essential roles in many biochemical processes. The chemical complexity of biological samples is challenging, and the selective identification and quantification of amines and amino acid stereoisomers would be very useful for amine-focused "amino-omics" studies. Many amines and amino acids are chiral, and their stereoisomers cannot be resolved on achiral media without chiral derivatization. In prior studies, we demonstrated the use of Marfey's reagent─a chiral derivatization reagent for amines and phenolic OH groups─for the LC-MS/MS resolution and quantification of amines and amino acid stereoisomers. In this study, a heavy atom isotope labeled Marfey's reagent approach for the stereoselective detection and quantification of amines and amino acids was developed. Heavy (13C2) l-Marfey's (Hl-Mar) and heavy (2H3) d-Marfey's (Hd-Mar) were synthesized from 13C2-l-Ala and 2H3-d-Ala, respectively. Both light and heavy Marfey's reagents were used to derivatize standard amine mixtures, which were analyzed by LC-QToF-HRMS. Aligned peak lists were comparatively analyzed by light vs heavy Mar mass differences to identify mono-, di-, and tri-Marfey's adducts and then by the retention time difference between l- and d-Mar derivatives to identify stereoisomers. This approach was then applied to identify achiral and chiral amine and amino acid components in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) extract. This approach shows high analytical selectivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish
R. Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - William G. Gutheil
- Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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Agongo J, Armbruster M, Arnatt C, Edwards J. Analysis of endogenous metabolites using multifunctional derivatization and capillary RPLC-MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3397-3404. [PMID: 35980164 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in metabolite structure and charge state complicates their analysis in electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Complications such as diminished signal response and quantitation can be reduced by sequential dual-stage derivatization and capillary RP LC-ESI-MS analysis. Our sequential dual-stage chemical derivatization reacts analyte primary amine and hydroxyl groups with a linear acyl chloride head containing a tertiary amine moiety. Analyte carboxylate groups are then coupled to a linear amine tag with a tertiary amine moiety. This increase in the number of tags on analytes increases analyte proton affinity and hydrophobicity. We derivatized 250 metabolite standards which on average improved signal to noise by >44-fold, with an average limit of detection of 66 nM and R2 of 0.98. This system detected 107 metabolites from 18 BAECs, 111 metabolites from human urine, and 153 from human serum based on retention time, exact mass, and MS/MS matches from a derivatized standard library. As a proof of concept, aortic endothelial cells were treated with epinephrine and analyzed by the dual-stage derivatization. We observed changes in 32 metabolites with many increases related to energy metabolism, specifically in the TCA cycle. A decrease in lactate levels and corresponding increase in pyruvate levels suggest that epinephrine causes a movement away from glycolytic reliance on energy and a shift towards the more efficient TCA respiration for increasing energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Agongo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - Michael Armbruster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - Christopher Arnatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - James Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
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A rapid and robust method for amino acid quantification using a simple N-hydroxysuccinimide ester derivatization and liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5549-5559. [PMID: 35338375 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03993-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics studies employ reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) to separate analytes prior to MS detection. Highly polar metabolites, such as amino acids (AAs), are poorly retained by RPLC, making quantitation of these key species challenging across the broad concentration ranges typically observed in biological specimens, such as cell extracts. To improve the detection and quantitation of AAs in microglial cell extracts, the implementation of a 4-dimethylaminobenzoylamido acetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (DBAA-NHS) derivatization agent was explored for its ability to improve both analyte retention and detection limits in RPLC-MS. In addition to the introduction of the DBAA-NHS labeling reagent, a uniformly (U) 13C-labeled yeast extract was also introduced during the sample preparation workflow as an internal standard (IS) to eliminate artifacts and to enable targeted quantitation of AAs, as well as untargeted amine submetabolome profiling. To improve method sensitivity and selectivity, multiplexed drift-tube ion mobility (IM) was integrated into the LC-MS workflow, facilitating the separation of isomeric metabolites, and improving the structural identification of unknown metabolites. Implementation of the U-13C-labeled yeast extract during the multiplexed LC-IM-MS analysis enabled the quantitation of 19 of the 20 common AAs, supporting a linear dynamic range spanning up to three orders of magnitude in concentration for microglial cell extracts, in addition to reducing the required cell count for reliable quantitation from 10 to 5 million cells per sample.
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Letertre MPM, Myridakis A, Whiley L, Camuzeaux S, Lewis MR, Chappell KE, Thaikkatil A, Dumas ME, Nicholson JK, Swann JR, Wilson ID. A targeted ultra performance liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometric assay for tyrosine and metabolites in urine and plasma: Application to the effects of antibiotics on mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1164:122511. [PMID: 33460909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine plays a key role in mammalian biochemistry and defects in its metabolism (e.g., tyrosinemia, alkaptonuria etc.) have significant adverse consequences for those affected if left untreated. In addition, gut bacterially-derived p-cresol and its metabolites are of interest as a result of various effects on host xenobiotic metabolism. A fit-for-purpose quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay was developed to target and quantify tyrosine and eleven metabolites in urine and plasma. Dansylation, using dansyl chloride, was used to improve chromatographic and mass spectral properties for tyrosine and nine phenolic metabolites, with detection using positive electrospray ionisation (ESI). The sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of p-cresol, where the phenol group was blocked, were quantified intact, using negative ESI via polarity switching during the same run. Sample preparation for urine and plasma involved deproteinization by solvent precipitation (of acetonitrile:isopropyl alcohol (1:1 v/v)) followed by in situ dansylation in 96 well plates. To minimize sample and solvent usage, and maximize sensitivity, analysis was performed using microbore reversed-phase gradient UPLC on a C8 phase with a 7.5 min. cycle time. The coefficients of variation obtained were <15%, with lower limits of quantification ranging from 5 to 250 nM depending upon the analyte. The method was applied to plasma and urine samples obtained from mice placed on a high tyrosine diet with one subgroup of animals subsequently receiving antibiotics to suppress the gut microbiota. Whilst plasma profiles were largely unaffected by antibiotic treatment clear reductions in the amount of p-cresol sulfate and p-cresol glucuronide excreted in the urine were observed for these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine P M Letertre
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins South Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch Perth, WA, 6150, Australia; National Phenome Centre, Dept of metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN
| | - Stéphane Camuzeaux
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; National Phenome Centre, Dept of metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; National Phenome Centre, Dept of metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN
| | - Katie E Chappell
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; National Phenome Centre, Dept of metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN
| | - Annie Thaikkatil
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins South Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London SW72NA, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Lo C, Hsu YL, Cheng CN, Lin CH, Kuo HC, Huang CS, Kuo CH. Investigating the Association of the Biogenic Amine Profile in Urine with Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4061-4070. [PMID: 32819094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) can downstage breast cancer and can be utilized for different clinical applications. However, the response to NAT varies among individuals. Having effective biomarkers is important to optimize the treatment of breast cancer. Concentrations of biogenic amines have been found to show an association with cancer cell proliferation, but their clinical utility remains unclear. This study developed a postcolumn-infused internal standard (PCI-IS)-assisted liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for profiling biogenic amines in human urine. Putrescine-d8 was selected as the PCI-IS to calibrate the errors caused by matrix effects in the urine sample. The optimized method was applied to investigate the association between changes in 14 amines and the therapeutic response to NAT in breast cancer patients. Urine samples were collected before initiation of chemotherapy (n = 60). Our results indicated that the levels of N1-acetylspermine, spermidine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were significantly higher in the responder group than the nonresponder group. These metabolites were incorporated with clinical factors to identify NAT responders, and the prediction model showed an area under the curve value of 0.949. These observations provide remarkable insights for future studies in elucidating the roles of biogenic amines in breast cancer. Additionally, the PCI-IS-assisted amine profiling method can facilitate these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ning Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.,The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Targeting amine- and phenol-containing metabolites in urine by dansylation isotope labeling and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for evaluation of bladder cancer biomarkers. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:460-474. [PMID: 30987717 PMCID: PMC9296201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is considered an effective approach for understanding metabolic responses in complex biological systems. Accordingly, it has attracted increasing attention for biomarker discovery, especially in cancer. In this study, we used a non-invasive method to evaluate four urine metabolite biomarker candidates—o-phosphoethanolamine, 3-amio-2-piperidone, uridine and 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid—for their potential as bladder cancer diagnostic biomarkers. To analyze these targeted amine- and phenol-containing metabolites, we used differential 12C2-/13C2-dansylation labeling coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, which has previously been demonstrated to exhibit high sensitivity and reproducibility. Specifically, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with high-resolution Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance MS system (LC-FT/MS) and an ion trap MS with MRM function (LC-HCT/MS) for targeted quantification. The urinary metabolites of interest were well separated and quantified using this approach. To apply this approach to clinical urine specimens, we spiked samples with 13C2-dansylatedsynthetic compounds, which served as standards for targeted quantification of 12C2-dansylated urinary endogenous metabolites using LC-FT/MS as well as LC-HCT/MS with MRM mode. These analyses revealed significant differences in two of the four metabolites of interest—o-phosphoethanolamine and uridine—between bladder cancer and non-cancer groups. O-phosphoethanolamine was the most promising single biomarker, with an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.709 for bladder cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic performance was improved by combining uridine and o-phosphoe-thanolamine in a marker panel, yielding an AUC value of 0.726. This study confirmed discovery-phase features of the urine metabolome of bladder cancer patients and verified their importance for further study.
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