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Maduabuchi WO, Tansi FL, Heller R, Hilger I. Hyperthermia Influences the Secretion Signature of Tumor Cells and Affects Endothelial Cell Sprouting. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2256. [PMID: 37626752 PMCID: PMC10452125 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are a highly heterogeneous mass of tissue showing distinct therapy responses. In particular, the therapeutic outcome of tumor hyperthermia treatments has been inconsistent, presumably due to tumor versus endothelial cell cross-talks related to the treatment temperature and the tumor tissue environment. Here, we investigated the impact of the average or strong hyperthermic treatment (43 °C or 47 °C for 1 h) of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (PANC-1 and BxPC-3) on endothelial cells (HUVECs) under post-treatment normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Immediately after the hyperthermia treatment, the distinct repression of secreted pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, M-CSF), intracellular HIF-1α and the enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in tumor cells were detectable (particularly for strong hyperthermia, 2D cell monolayers). Notably, there was a significant increase in endothelial sprouting when 3D self-organized pancreatic cancer cells were treated with strong hyperthermia and the post-treatment conditions were hypoxic. Interestingly, for the used treatment temperatures, the intracellular HIF-1α accumulation in tumor cells seems to play a role in MAPK/ERK activation and mediator secretion (e.g., VEGF, PDGF-AA, Angiopoietin-2), as shown by inhibition experiments. Taken together, the hyperthermia of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro impacts endothelial cells under defined environmental conditions (cell-to-cell contact, oxygen status, treatment temperature), whereby HIF-1α and VEGF secretion play a role in a complex context. Our observations could be exploited for the hyperthermic treatment of pancreatic cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom O. Maduabuchi
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital—Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; (W.O.M.); (F.L.T.)
| | - Felista L. Tansi
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital—Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; (W.O.M.); (F.L.T.)
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital—Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; (W.O.M.); (F.L.T.)
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Di Sanzo S, Spengler K, Leheis A, Kirkpatrick JM, Rändler TL, Baldensperger T, Dau T, Henning C, Parca L, Marx C, Wang ZQ, Glomb MA, Ori A, Heller R. Mapping protein carboxymethylation sites provides insights into their role in proteostasis and cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6743. [PMID: 34795246 PMCID: PMC8602705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational mechanisms play a key role in modifying the abundance and function of cellular proteins. Among these, modification by advanced glycation end products has been shown to accumulate during aging and age-associated diseases but specific protein targets and functional consequences remain largely unexplored. Here, we devise a proteomic strategy to identify sites of carboxymethyllysine modification, one of the most abundant advanced glycation end products. We identify over 1000 sites of protein carboxymethylation in mouse and primary human cells treated with the glycating agent glyoxal. By using quantitative proteomics, we find that protein glycation triggers a proteotoxic response and indirectly affects the protein degradation machinery. In primary endothelial cells, we show that glyoxal induces cell cycle perturbation and that carboxymethyllysine modification reduces acetylation of tubulins and impairs microtubule dynamics. Our data demonstrate the relevance of carboxymethyllysine modification for cellular function and pinpoint specific protein networks that might become compromised during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Sanzo
- grid.418245.e0000 0000 9999 5706Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Spengler
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Leheis
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Joanna M. Kirkpatrick
- grid.418245.e0000 0000 9999 5706Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830Present Address: Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, MW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Theresa L. Rändler
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Baldensperger
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Therese Dau
- grid.418245.e0000 0000 9999 5706Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Henning
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Luca Parca
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Christian Marx
- grid.418245.e0000 0000 9999 5706Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- grid.418245.e0000 0000 9999 5706Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Glomb
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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RUNX3 Transcript Variants Have Distinct Roles in Ovarian Carcinoma and Differently Influence Platinum Sensitivity and Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030476. [PMID: 33530588 PMCID: PMC7866085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial ovarian cancer treatment is limited by missing predictive markers, frequent chemotherapy resistance and an incomplete understanding of the biology of tumors. Earlier work proved that hypermethylation of the gene RUNX3 coding for a transcription factor has prognostic value, and RUNX3 transcript variant overexpression, regulated by this epigenetic mechanism, influences cisplatin sensitivity and malignant properties of cells contrary. The present data validate RUNX3 transcript variant-specific effects for high-grade serous ovarian cancer and identify RUNX3-regulated genes and processes. Specifically, DNA damage repair and angiogenesis are influenced by RUNX3, and transcript variant 1 mediates stronger carcinogenic properties. Abstract The prognosis of late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients is affected by chemotherapy response and the malignant potential of the tumor cells. In earlier work, we identified hypermethylation of the runt-related transcription factor 3 gene (RUNX3) as a prognostic biomarker and contrary functions of transcript variants (TV1 and TV2) in A2780 and SKOV3 cells. The aim of the study was to further validate these results and to increase the knowledge about RUNX3 function in EOC. New RUNX3 overexpression models of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) were established and analyzed for phenotypic (IC50 determination, migration, proliferation and angiogenesis assay, DNA damage analysis) and transcriptomic consequences (NGS) of RUNX3 TV1 and TV2 overexpression. Platinum sensitivity was affected by a specific transcript variant depending on BRCA background. RUNX3 TV2 induced an increased sensitivity in BRCA1wt cells (OVCAR3), whereas TV1 increased the sensitivity and induced a G2/M arrest under treatment in BRCA1mut cells (A13-2-12). These different phenotypes relate to differences in DNA repair: homologous recombination deficient A13-2-12 cells show less γH2AX foci despite higher levels of Pt-DNA adducts. RNA-Seq analyses prove transcript variant and cell-line-specific RUNX3 effects. Pathway analyses revealed another clinically important function of RUNX3—regulation of angiogenesis. This was confirmed by thrombospondin1 analyses, HUVEC spheroid sprouting assays and proteomic profiling. Importantly, conditioned media (CM) from RUNX3 TV1 overexpressing A13-2-12 cells induced an increased HUVEC sprouting. Altogether, the presented data support the hypothesis of different functions of RUNX3 transcript variants related to the clinically relevant processes—platinum resistance and angiogenesis.
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VEGF Triggers Transient Induction of Autophagy in Endothelial Cells via AMPKα1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030687. [PMID: 32168879 PMCID: PMC7140637 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells and it is significantly involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. This study investigates whether the VEGF/AMPK pathway regulates autophagy in endothelial cells and whether this is linked to its pro-angiogenic role. We show that VEGF leads to AMPKα1-dependent phosphorylation of Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) at its serine residue 556 and to the subsequent phosphorylation of the ULK1 substrate ATG14. This triggers initiation of autophagy as shown by phosphorylation of ATG16L1 and conjugation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B, which indicates autophagosome formation; this is followed by increased autophagic flux measured in the presence of bafilomycin A1 and by reduced expression of the autophagy substrate p62. VEGF-induced autophagy is transient and probably terminated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is activated by VEGF in a delayed manner. We show that functional autophagy is required for VEGF-induced angiogenesis and may have specific functions in addition to maintaining homeostasis. In line with this, inhibition of autophagy impaired VEGF-mediated formation of the Notch intracellular domain, a critical regulator of angiogenesis. Our study characterizes autophagy induction as a pro-angiogenic function of the VEGF/AMPK pathway and suggests that timely activation of autophagy-initiating pathways may help to initiate angiogenesis.
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