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Magnen M, You R, Rao AA, Davis RT, Rodriguez L, Bernard O, Simoneau CR, Hysenaj L, Hu KH, Maishan M, Conrad C, Gbenedio OM, Samad B, Consortium TUCSFCOMET, Love C, Woodruff PG, Erle DJ, Hendrickson CM, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Roose JP, Sil A, Ott M, Langelier CR, Krummel MF, Looney MR. Immediate myeloid depot for SARS-CoV-2 in the human lung. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8836. [PMID: 39083602 PMCID: PMC11290487 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, epithelial populations in the distal lung expressing Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are infrequent, and therefore, the model of viral expansion and immune cell engagement remains incompletely understood. Using human lungs to investigate early host-viral pathogenesis, we found that SARS-CoV-2 had a rapid and specific tropism for myeloid populations. Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) reliably expressed ACE2 allowing both spike-ACE2-dependent viral entry and infection. In contrast to Influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2 infection of AMs was productive, amplifying viral titers. While AMs generated new viruses, the interferon responses to SARS-CoV-2 were muted, hiding the viral dissemination from specific antiviral immune responses. The reliable and veiled viral depot in myeloid cells in the very early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lungs enables viral expansion in the distal lung and potentially licenses subsequent immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélia Magnen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ran You
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arjun A. Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryan T. Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren Rodriguez
- CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Camille R. Simoneau
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisiena Hysenaj
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Catharina Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oghenekevwe M. Gbenedio
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bushra Samad
- CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - The UCSF COMET Consortium
- All UCSF COMET Consortium collaborators are affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christina Love
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Hendrickson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P. Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles R. Langelier
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark R. Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Ross JT, Nesseler N, Lee JW, Ware LB, Matthay MA. The ex vivo human lung: research value for translational science. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128833. [PMID: 31167972 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic lung diseases remains incompletely understood. As a result, therapeutic options for important clinical problems, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are limited. Research efforts have been held back in part by the difficulty of modeling lung injury in animals. Donor human lungs that have been rejected for transplantation offer a valuable alternative for understanding these diseases. In 2007, our group developed a simple preparation of an ex vivo-perfused single human lung. In this Review, we discuss the availability of donor human lungs for research, describe the ex vivo-perfused lung preparation, and highlight how this preparation can be used to study the mechanisms of lung injury, to isolate primary cells, and to test novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Nesseler
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pontchaillou, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CHU de Rennes, Inra, INSERM, Institut Nutrition, Métabolismes, Cancer- UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Rennes 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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