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Qu R, Du W, Li S, Li W, Wei G, Chen Z, Gao H, Shi S, Zou L, Li H. Destruction of vascular endothelial glycocalyx during formation of pre-metastatic niches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29101. [PMID: 38601565 PMCID: PMC11004892 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A special microenvironment called the "pre-metastatic niche" is thought to help primary tumor cells migrate to new tissues and invade them, in part because the normal barrier function of the vascular endothelium is compromised. While the primary tumor itself can promote the creation of such niches by secreting pro-metastatic factors, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the injection of primary tumor-secreted pro-metastatic factors from B16F10 melanoma or 4T1 breast cancer cells into healthy mice can induce the destruction of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which is a polysaccharide coating on the vascular endothelial lumen that normally inhibits tumor cell passage into and out of the circulation. However, when human umbilical vein endothelial cultures were treated in vitro with these secreted pro-metastatic factors, no significant destruction of the glycocalyx was observed, implying that this destruction requires a complex in vivo microenvironment. The tissue section analysis revealed that secreted pro-metastatic factors could clearly upregulate macrophage-related molecules such as CD11b and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, which is associated with the upregulation and activation of heparanase. In addition, macrophage depletion significantly attenuated the degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx induced by secreted pro-metastatic factors. This indicates that the secreted pro-metastatic factors that destroy the vascular endothelial glycocalyx rely primarily on macrophages. Our findings suggest that the formation of pre-metastatic niches involves degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which may hence be a useful target for developing therapies to inhibit cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Zhenjiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212004, China
| | - Zhoujiang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research, Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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2
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Li L, Barash U, Ilan N, Farhoud M, Zhang X, Vlodavsky I, Li JP. A New Synthesized Dicarboxylated Oxy-Heparin Efficiently Attenuates Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cells 2024; 13:211. [PMID: 38334603 PMCID: PMC10854774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors that support tumor growth. Heparanase expression is upregulated in human carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies, correlating with increased tumor metastasis, vascular density, and shorter postoperative survival of cancer patients, and encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Among these are heparin/HS mimetics, the only heparanase-inhibiting compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials. We have synthesized dicarboxylated oxy-heparins (DCoxHs) containing three carboxylate groups per split residue (DC-Hep). The resulting lead compound (termed XII) was upscaled, characterized, and examined for its effectiveness in tumor models. Potent anti-tumorigenic effects were obtained in models of pancreatic carcinoma, breast cancer, mesothelioma, and myeloma, yielding tumor growth inhibition (TGI) values ranging from 21 to 70% and extending the survival time of the mice. Of particular significance was the inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in an orthotopic model of breast carcinoma following resection of the primary tumor. It appears that apart from inhibition of heparanase enzymatic activity, compound XII reduces the levels of heparanase protein and inhibits its cellular uptake and activation. Heparanase-dependent and -independent effects of XII are being investigated. Collectively, our pre-clinical studies with compound XII strongly justify its examination in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shenzhen Hepalink Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Malik Farhoud
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Li JC, Wang LJ, Feng F, Chen TT, Shi WG, Liu LP. Role of heparanase in sepsis‑related acute kidney injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:379. [PMID: 37456170 PMCID: PMC10347300 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a common and significant complication of sepsis in critically ill patients, which can often only be treated with antibiotics and medications that reduce S-AKI symptoms. The precise mechanism underlying the onset of S-AKI is still unclear, thus hindering the development of new strategies for its treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of S-AKI to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for its early diagnosis and treatment. Heparanase (HPA), the only known enzyme that cleaves the side chain of heparan sulfate, has been widely studied in relation to tumor metabolism, procoagulant activity, angiogenesis, inflammation and sepsis. It has been reported that HPA plays an important role in the progression of S-AKI. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the function of HPA in S-AKI and to summarize its underlying molecular mechanisms, including mediating inflammatory response, immune response, autophagy and exosome biogenesis. It is anticipated that emerging discoveries about HPA in S-AKI will support HPA as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to combat S-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Gui Shi
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Yuan F, Zhou H, Quan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Xiao F, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yu X. Potential roles of heparanase in cancer therapy: Current trends and future direction. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:896-917. [PMID: 36924082 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE; heparanase-1) is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. HPSE activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumor progress and angiogenesis. Several lines of literature have shown that overexpression of HPSE leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastatic transmission, as well as poor prognosis. Gene silencing of HPSE or treatment of tumor with compounds that block HPSE activity are shown to remarkably attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, targeting HPSE is considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for the treatment of cancer. Intriguingly, recent findings disclose that heparanase-2 (HPSE-2), a close homolog of HPSE but lacking enzymatic activity, can also regulate antitumor mechanisms. Given the pleiotropic roles of HPSE, further investigation is in demand to determine the precise mechanism of regulating action of HPSE in different cancer settings. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of HPSE, such as its structure, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Furthermore, we systematically review the pro- and antitumorigenic roles and mechanisms of HPSE in cancer progress. In addition, we delineate HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Brunner G, Roux MS, Falk T, Bresch M, Böhm V, Blödorn-Schlicht N, Meiners T. The Peripheral Lymphatic System Is Impaired by the Loss of Neuronal Control Associated with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1448-1457. [PMID: 35843264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with venous vascular dysfunction below the level of injury, resulting in dysregulation of tissue fluid homeostasis in afflicted skin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loss of neuronal control in chronic SCI also affects the skin lymphatic system. Morphology of lymphatics was characterized by immunohistochemistry and lymphatic gene expression profiles determined by DNA microarray analysis. In SCI, skin lymphatic function appeared to be impaired, because the ratio of functionally dilated versus collapsed lymphatic vessels was decreased 10-fold compared with control. Consequently, the average lumen area of lymphatic vessels was almost halved, possibly due to the known impaired connective tissue integrity of SCI skin. In fact, collagenases were found to be overexpressed in SCI skin, and dermal collagen structure was impaired. Molecular profiling also suggested an SCI-specific phenotype of increased connective tissue turnover and decreased lymphatic contractility. The total number of lymphatic vessels in SCI skin, however, was doubled, pointing to enhanced lymphangiogenesis. In conclusion, these data show, for the first time, that lymphatic function and development in human skin are under neuronal control. Because peripheral venous and lymphatic vascular defects are associated with disturbed fluid homeostasis, inappropriate wound healing reactions, and impaired skin immunity, they might contribute to the predisposition of afflicted individuals to pressure ulcer formation and wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Brunner
- Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Werner Wicker Hospital, Bad Wildungen, Germany; Department of Cancer Research, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany.
| | - Meike S Roux
- Department of Cancer Research, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Falk
- Department of Dermatohistopathology, Dermatologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Bresch
- Department of Dermatohistopathology, Dermatologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Böhm
- Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Werner Wicker Hospital, Bad Wildungen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Meiners
- Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Werner Wicker Hospital, Bad Wildungen, Germany
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Lanzi C, Favini E, Dal Bo L, Tortoreto M, Arrighetti N, Zaffaroni N, Cassinelli G. Upregulation of ERK-EGR1-heparanase axis by HDAC inhibitors provides targets for rational therapeutic intervention in synovial sarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:381. [PMID: 34857011 PMCID: PMC8638516 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue tumor with limited therapeutic options in advanced stage. SS18-SSX fusion oncogenes, which are the hallmarks of SS, cause epigenetic rewiring involving histone deacetylases (HDACs). Promising preclinical studies supporting HDAC targeting for SS treatment were not reflected in clinical trials with HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) monotherapies. We investigated pathways implicated in SS cell response to HDACi to identify vulnerabilities exploitable in combination treatments and improve the therapeutic efficacy of HDACi-based regimens. METHODS Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of the HDACi SAHA and FK228 were examined in SS cell lines in parallel with biochemical and molecular analyses to bring out cytoprotective pathways. Treatments combining HDACi with drugs targeting HDACi-activated prosurvival pathways were tested in functional assays in vitro and in a SS orthotopic xenograft model. Molecular mechanisms underlying synergisms were investigated in SS cells through pharmacological and gene silencing approaches and validated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS SS cell response to HDACi was consistently characterized by activation of a cytoprotective and auto-sustaining axis involving ERKs, EGR1, and the β-endoglycosidase heparanase, a well recognized pleiotropic player in tumorigenesis and disease progression. HDAC inhibition was shown to upregulate heparanase by inducing expression of the positive regulator EGR1 and by hampering negative regulation by p53 through its acetylation. Interception of HDACi-induced ERK-EGR1-heparanase pathway by cell co-treatment with a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) or a heparanase inhibitor (SST0001/roneparstat) enhanced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. HDAC and heparanase inhibitors had opposite effects on histone acetylation and nuclear heparanase levels. The combination of SAHA with SST0001 prevented the upregulation of ERK-EGR1-heparanase induced by the HDACi and promoted caspase-dependent cell death. In vivo, the combined treatment with SAHA and SST0001 potentiated the antitumor efficacy against the CME-1 orthotopic SS model as compared to single agent administration. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides preclinical rationale and mechanistic insights into drug combinatory strategies based on the use of ERK pathway and heparanase inhibitors to improve the efficacy of HDACi-based antitumor therapies in SS. The involvement of classes of agents already clinically available, or under clinical evaluation, indicates the transferability potential of the proposed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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The HPSE Gene Insulator-A Novel Regulatory Element That Affects Heparanase Expression, Stem Cell Mobilization, and the Risk of Acute Graft versus Host Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102523. [PMID: 34685503 PMCID: PMC8534152 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The HPSE gene encodes heparanase (HPSE), a key player in cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. We have previously identified a strong HPSE gene enhancer involved in self-regulation of heparanase by negative feedback exerted in a functional rs4693608 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dependent manner. In the present study, we analyzed the HPSE gene insulator region, located in intron 9 and containing rs4426765, rs28649799, and rs4364254 SNPs. Our results indicate that this region exhibits HPSE regulatory activity. SNP substitutions lead to modulation of a unique DNA-protein complex that affects insulator activity. Analysis of interactions between enhancer and insulator SNPs revealed that rs4693608 has a major effect on HPSE expression and the risk of post-transplantation acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). The C alleles of insulator SNPs rs4364254 and rs4426765 modify the activity of the HPSE enhancer, resulting in altered HPSE expression and increased risk of acute GVHD. Moreover, rs4426765 correlated with HPSE expression in activated mononuclear cells, as well as with CD3 levels and lymphocyte counts following G-CSF mobilization. rs4363084 and rs28649799 were found to be associated with CD34+ levels. Our study provides new insight into the mechanism of HPSE gene regulation and its impact on normal and pathological processes in the hematopoietic system.
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8
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Vlodavsky I, Barash U, Nguyen HM, Yang SM, Ilan N. Biology of the Heparanase-Heparan Sulfate Axis and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:240-253. [PMID: 33794549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans are important constituents of the glycocalyx and participate in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, enzyme activation and inhibition, and multiple signaling routes, thereby regulating cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Heparanase, the sole mammalian heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, acts as an "activator" of HS proteoglycans, thus regulating tissue hemostasis. Heparanase is a multifaceted enzyme that together with heparan sulfate, primarily syndecan-1, drives signal transduction, immune cell activation, exosome formation, autophagy, and gene transcription via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. An important feature is the ability of heparanase to stimulate syndecan-1 shedding, thereby impacting cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Heparanase releases a myriad of HS-bound growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that are sequestered by heparan sulfate in the glycocalyx and ECM. Collectively, the heparan sulfate-heparanase axis plays pivotal roles in creating a permissive environment for cell proliferation, differentiation, and function, often resulting in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, inflammation, endotheliitis, kidney dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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9
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Kayal Y, Singh P, Naroditsky I, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) attenuates the growth of pancreatic carcinoma. Matrix Biol 2021; 98:21-31. [PMID: 33839221 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the pro-tumorigenic properties of the ECM-degrading heparanase enzyme are well documented, the role of its close homolog, heparanase 2 (Hpa2), in cancer is largely unknown. We examined the role of Hpa2 in pancreatic cancer, a malignancy characterized by a dense fibrotic ECM associated with poor response to treatment and bad prognosis. We show that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients that exhibit high levels of Hpa2 survive longer than patients with low levels of Hpa2. Strikingly, overexpression of Hpa2 in pancreatic carcinoma cells resulted in a most prominent decrease in the growth of tumors implanted orthotopically and intraperitoneally, whereas Hpa2 silencing resulted in bigger tumors. We further found that Hpa2 enhances endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and renders cells more sensitive to external stress, associating with increased apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed that ER stress induces the expression of Hpa2, thus establishing a feedback loop by which Hpa2 enhances ER stress that, in turn, induces Hpa2 expression. This leads to increased apoptosis and attenuated tumor growth. Altogether, Hpa2 emerges as a powerful tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Preeti Singh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Naroditsky
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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10
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Zhang GL, Gutter-Kapon L, Ilan N, Batool T, Singh K, Digre A, Luo Z, Sandler S, Shaked Y, Sanderson RD, Wang XM, Li JP, Vlodavsky I. Significance of host heparanase in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:25-42. [PMID: 32534153 PMCID: PMC7704762 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth and metastasis. We have utilized mice over-expressing (Hpa-tg) heparanase to reveal the role of host heparanase in tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. While in wild type mice tumor development in response to DMBA carcinogenesis was restricted to the mammary gland, Hpa-tg mice developed tumors also in their lungs and liver, associating with reduced survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Consistently, xenograft tumors (lymphoma, melanoma, lung carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma) transplanted in Hpa-tg mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth and shorter survival of the tumor-bearing mice compared with wild type mice. Hpa-tg mice were also more prone to the development of metastases following intravenous or subcutaneous injection of tumor cells. In some models, the growth advantage was associated with infiltration of heparanase-high host cells into the tumors. However, in other models, heparanase-high host cells were not detected in the primary tumor, implying that the growth advantage in Hpa-tg mice is due to systemic factors. Indeed, we found that plasma from Hpa-tg mice enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion attributed to increased levels of pro-tumorigenic factors (i.e., RANKL, SPARC, MIP-2) in the plasma of Hpa-Tg vs. wild type mice. Furthermore, tumor aggressiveness and short survival time were demonstrated in wild type mice transplanted with bone marrow derived from Hpa-tg but not wild type mice. These results were attributed, among other factors, to upregulation of pro-tumorigenic (i.e., IL35+) and downregulation of anti-tumorigenic (i.e., IFN-γ+) T-cell subpopulations in the spleen, lymph nodes and blood of Hpa-tg vs. wild type mice and their increased infiltration into the primary tumor. Collectively, our results emphasize the significance of host heparanase in mediating the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic interactions between the tumor cells and the host tumor microenvironment, immune cells and systemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Lin Zhang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lilach Gutter-Kapon
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Tahira Batool
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Digre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhengkang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stellan Sandler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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