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Yang JC, Zhang YH, Hu B. Gastric organoids: Rise of a latecomer. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:182-191. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
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Jiang KL, Jia YB, Liu XJ, Jia QL, Guo LK, Wang XX, Yang KM, Wu CH, Liang BB, Ling JH. Bibliometrics analysis based on the Web of Science: Current trends and perspective of gastric organoid during 2010-2023. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:969-983. [PMID: 38516239 PMCID: PMC10950634 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional organoid culture systems have been established as a robust tool for elucidating mechanisms and performing drug efficacy testing. The use of gastric organoid models holds significant promise for advancing personalized medicine research. However, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this bur-geoning field has not yet been published. AIM To analyze and understand the development, impact, and direction of gastric organoid research using bibliometric methods using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. METHODS This analysis encompassed literature pertaining to gastric organoids published between 2010 and 2023, as indexed in the WoSCC. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to depict network maps illustrating collaborations among authors, institutions and keywords related to gastric organoid. Citation, co-citation, and burst analysis methodologies were applied to assess the impact and progress of research. RESULTS A total of 656 relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of research was published in gastroenterology-focused journals. Globally, Yana Zavros, Hans Clevers, James M Wells, Sina Bartfeld, and Chen Zheng were the 5 most productive authors, while Hans Clevers, Huch Meritxell, Johan H van Es, Marc Van de Wetering, and Sato Toshiro were the foremost influential scientists in this area. Institutions from the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology (Utrecht), and University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH, United States) made the most significant contributions. Currently, gastric organoids are used mainly in studies investigating gastric cancer (GC), Helicobacter pylori-infective gastritis, with a focus on the mechanisms of GC, and drug screening tests. CONCLUSION Key focus areas of research using gastric organoids include unraveling disease mechanisms and enhancing drug screening techniques. Major contributions from renowned academic institutions highlight this field's dynamic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yue-Bo Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Qing-Ling Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Li-Kun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Ke-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Chen-Heng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
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Idowu S, Bertrand PP, Walduck AK. Gastric organoids: Advancing the study of H. pylori pathogenesis and inflammation. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12891. [PMID: 35384141 PMCID: PMC9287064 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For decades, traditional in vitro and in vivo models used for the study of Helicobacter pylori infection have relied heavily on the use of gastric cancer cell lines and rodents. Major challenges faced by these methods have been the inability to study cancer initiation in already cancerous cell lines, and the difficulty in translating results obtained in animal models due to genetic differences. These challenges have prevented a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and slowed the development of cancer therapies and a suitable vaccine against the pathogen. In recent years, the development of gastric organoids has provided great advantages over the traditional in vivo and in vitro models due to their similarities to the human stomach in vivo, their ease of use, and the capacity for long-term culture. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of existing in vivo and in vitro models of H. pylori infection, and how gastric organoids have been applied to study H. pylori pathogenesis, with a focus on how the pathogen interacts with the gastric epithelium, inflammatory processes, epithelial repair, and cancer initiation. The potential applications of organoids to address more complex questions on the role of hormones, vaccine-induced immunity are also discussed.
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Suarez-Martinez E, Suazo-Sanchez I, Celis-Romero M, Carnero A. 3D and organoid culture in research: physiology, hereditary genetic diseases and cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:39. [PMID: 35365227 PMCID: PMC8973959 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, cells reside in tissues subject to complex cell–cell interactions, signals from extracellular molecules and niche soluble and mechanical signaling. These microenvironment interactions are responsible for cellular phenotypes and functions, especially in normal settings. However, in 2D cultures, where interactions are limited to the horizontal plane, cells are exposed uniformly to factors or drugs; therefore, this model does not reconstitute the interactions of a natural microenvironment. 3D culture systems more closely resemble the architectural and functional properties of in vivo tissues. In these 3D cultures, the cells are exposed to different concentrations of nutrients, growth factors, oxygen or cytotoxic agents depending on their localization and communication. The 3D architecture also differentially alters the physiological, biochemical, and biomechanical properties that can affect cell growth, cell survival, differentiation and morphogenesis, cell migration and EMT properties, mechanical responses and therapy resistance. This latter point may, in part, explain the failure of current therapies and affect drug discovery research. Organoids are a promising 3D culture system between 2D cultures and in vivo models that allow the manipulation of signaling pathways and genome editing of cells in a body-like environment but lack the many disadvantages of a living system. In this review, we will focus on the role of stem cells in the establishment of organoids and the possible therapeutic applications of this model, especially in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suarez-Martinez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Suazo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Celis-Romero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av Manuel Siurot sn, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Ray AK, Luis PB, Mishra SK, Barry DP, Asim M, Pandey A, Chaturvedi M, Gupta J, Gupta S, Mahant S, Das R, Kumar P, Shalimar, Wilson KT, Schneider C, Chaturvedi R. Curcumin Oxidation Is Required for Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Growth, Translocation and Phosphorylation of Cag A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:765842. [PMID: 35004346 PMCID: PMC8740292 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural remedy for preventing Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation and cancer. Here, we analyzed the effect of a phospholipid formulation of curcumin on H. pylori growth, translocation and phosphorylation of the virulence factor CagA and host protein kinase Src in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of H. pylori infection. Growth of H. pylori was inhibited dose-dependently by curcumin in vitro. H. pylori was unable to metabolically reduce curcumin, whereas two enterobacteria, E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium, which efficiently reduced curcumin to the tetra- and hexahydro metabolites, evaded growth inhibition. Oxidative metabolism of curcumin was required for the growth inhibition of H. pylori and the translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and cSrc, since acetal- and diacetal-curcumin that do not undergo oxidative transformation were ineffective. Curcumin attenuated mRNA expression of the H. pylori virulence genes cagE and cagF in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited translocation and phosphorylation of CagA in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori strains isolated from dietary curcumin-treated mice showed attenuated ability to induce cSrc phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of the gene encoding for IL-8, suggesting long-lasting effects of curcumin on the virulence of H. pylori. Our work provides mechanistic evidence that encourages testing of curcumin as a dietary approach to inhibit the virulence of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Ray
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, Saheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Paula B. Luis
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Achyut Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maya Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Mahant
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rajashree Das
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Wuputra K, Ku CC, Kato K, Wu DC, Saito S, Yokoyama KK. Translational models of 3-D organoids and cancer stem cells in gastric cancer research. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:492. [PMID: 34488885 PMCID: PMC8420044 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is postulated as a general concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that they can produce cancer cells overtly and repopulate cancer progenitor cells indefinitely. The CSC niche is part of a specialized cancer microenvironment that is important to keep the phenotypes of CSCs. Stem cell- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids with genetic manipulation are beneficial to the investigation of the regulation of the microenvironment of CSCs. It would be useful to assess the efficiency of the cancer microenvironment on initiation and progression of cancers. To identify CSCs in cancer tissues, normal cell organoids and gastric cancer organoids from the cancerous areas, as well as iPSCs, were established several years ago. However, many questions remain about the extent to which these cultures recapitulate the development of the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-induced cancer progression. To clarify the fidelity of human organoid models, we have noted several key issues for the cultivation of, and differences between, normal and cancerous organoids. We developed precise culture conditions for gastric organoids in vitro to improve the accuracy of the generation of organoid models for therapeutic and medical applications. In addition, the current knowledge on gastrointestinal CSC research, including the topic of CSC markers, cancer cell reprogramming, and application to target cancer cell plasticity through niches, should be reinforced. We discuss the progression of cancers derived from human gastric organoids and the identification of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Waseda Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan. .,Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita, Tochigi, 329-1571, Japan.
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan. .,Waseda Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan.
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7
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Helicobacter pylori BabA-SabA Key Roles in the Adherence Phase: The Synergic Mechanism for Successful Colonization and Disease Development. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070485. [PMID: 34357957 PMCID: PMC8310295 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic microorganism that successfully inhabits the human stomach, colonizing it by producing several virulence factors responsible for preventing host self-defense mechanisms. The adherence mechanism to gastric mucosal tissue is one of the most important processes for effective colonization in the stomach. The blood group antigen-binding adhesion (BabA) and sialic acid-binding adherence (SabA) are two H. pylori outer membrane proteins able to interact with antigens in the gastroduodenal tract. H. pylori possesses several mechanisms to control the regulation of both BabA and SabA in either the transcriptional or translational level. BabA is believed to be the most important protein in the early infection phase due to its ability to interact with various Lewis antigens, whereas SabA interaction with sialylated Lewis antigens may prove important for the adherence process in the inflamed gastric mucosal tissue in the ongoing-infection phase. The adherence mechanisms of BabA and SabA allow H. pylori to anchor in the gastric mucosa and begin the colonization process.
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8
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Seidlitz T, Koo BK, Stange DE. Gastric organoids-an in vitro model system for the study of gastric development and road to personalized medicine. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:68-83. [PMID: 33223522 PMCID: PMC7852679 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common human malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Depending on tumor stage, endoscopic or surgical resection supported by perioperative chemotherapy is the only curative option for patients. Due to late clinical manifestation and missing reliable biomarkers, early detection is challenging and overall survival remains poor. Organoids are cell aggregates cultured in three-dimensions that grow with similar characteristics as their tissue-of-origin. Due to their self-renewal and proliferative capacity, organoids can be maintained long term in culture and expanded in many cases in an unlimited fashion. Patient-derived organoid (PDO) libraries function as living biobanks, allowing the in depth analysis of tissue specific function, development and disease. The recent successful establishment of gastric cancer PDOs opens up new perspectives for multiple translational clinical applications. Here, we review different adult stem cell derived gastric organoid model systems and focus on their establishment, phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as their use in predicting therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Seidlitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel E Stange
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Chen Y, Sheppard D, Dong X, Hu X, Chen M, Chen R, Chakrabarti J, Zavros Y, Peek RM, Chen LF. H. pylori infection confers resistance to apoptosis via Brd4-dependent BIRC3 eRNA synthesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:667. [PMID: 32820150 PMCID: PMC7441315 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
H. pylori infection is one of the leading causes of gastric cancer and the pathogenicity of H. pylori infection is associated with its ability to induce chronic inflammation and apoptosis resistance. While H. pylori infection-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines for chronic inflammation is well studied, the molecular mechanism underlying the apoptosis resistance in infected cells is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that H. pylori infection-induced apoptosis resistance in gastric epithelial cells triggered by Raptinal, a drug that directly activates caspase-3. This resistance resulted from the induction of cIAP2 (encoded by BIRC3) since depletion of BIRC3 by siRNA or inhibition of cIAP2 via BV6 reversed H. pylori-suppressed caspase-3 activation. The induction of cIAP2 was regulated by H. pylori-induced BIRC3 eRNA synthesis. Depletion of BIRC3 eRNA decreased H. pylori-induced cIAP2 and reversed H. pylori-suppressed caspase-3 activation. Mechanistically, H. pylori stimulated the recruitment of bromodomain-containing factor Brd4 to the enhancer of BIRC3 and promoted BIRC3 eRNA and mRNA synthesis. Inhibition of Brd4 diminished the expression of BIRC3 eRNA and the anti-apoptotic response to H. pylori infection. Importantly, H. pylori isogenic cagA-deficient mutant failed to activate the synthesis of BIRC3 eRNA and the associated apoptosis resistance. Finally, in primary human gastric epithelial cells, H. pylori also induced resistance to Raptinal-triggered caspase-3 activation by activating the Brd4-dependent BIRC3 eRNA synthesis in a CagA-dependent manner. These results identify a novel function of Brd4 in H. pylori-mediated apoptosis resistance via activating BIRC3 eRNA synthesis, suggesting that Brd4 could be a potential therapeutic target for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Donald Sheppard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Xingchen Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Ruichuan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Jayati Chakrabarti
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molevular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, 85724, AZ, USA
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 45267, OH, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molevular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, 85724, AZ, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, IL, USA.
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10
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Bishop RC, Boretto M, Rutkowski MR, Vankelecom H, Derré I. Murine Endometrial Organoids to Model Chlamydia Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:416. [PMID: 32923409 PMCID: PMC7456808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Once internalized in host cells, C. trachomatis undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle within a membrane-bound compartment, known as the inclusion. Successful establishment of the intracellular niche relies on bacterial Type III effector proteins, such as Inc proteins. In vitro and in vivo systems have contributed to elucidating the intracellular lifestyle of C. trachomatis, but additional models combining the archetypal environment of infection with the advantages of in vitro systems are needed. Organoids are three-dimensional structures that recapitulate the microanatomy of an organ's epithelial layer, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Organoids are emerging as relevant model systems to study interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Here, we took advantage of recently developed murine endometrial organoids (EMOs) and present a C. trachomatis-murine EMO infection model system. Confocal microscopy of EMOs infected with fluorescent protein-expressing bacteria revealed that inclusions are formed within the cytosol of epithelial cells. Moreover, infection with a C. trachomatis strain that allows for the tracking of RB to EB transition indicated that the bacteria undergo a full developmental cycle, which was confirmed by harvesting infectious bacteria from infected EMOs. Finally, the inducible gene expression and cellular localization of a Chlamydia Inc protein within infected EMOs further demonstrated that this model is compatible with the study of Type III secreted effectors. Altogether, we describe a novel and relevant system for the study of Chlamydia-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Clayton Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Matteo Boretto
- Unit of Stem Cell Research, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regenerations, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Unit of Stem Cell Research, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regenerations, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Derré
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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11
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Min S, Kim S, Cho SW. Gastrointestinal tract modeling using organoids engineered with cellular and microbiota niches. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:227-237. [PMID: 32103122 PMCID: PMC7062772 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of organoid technology has attracted great attention in gastroenterology because the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be recapitulated in vitro using organoids, enabling disease modeling and mechanistic studies. However, to more precisely emulate the GI microenvironment in vivo, several neighboring cell types and types of microbiota need to be integrated into GI organoids. This article reviews the recent progress made in elucidating the crosstalk between GI organoids and components of their microenvironment. We outline the effects of stromal cells (such as fibroblasts, neural cells, immune cells, and vascular cells) on the gastric and intestinal epithelia of organoids. Because of the important roles that microbiota play in the physiology and function of the GI tract, we also highlight interactions between organoids and commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. GI organoid models that contain niche components will provide new insight into gastroenterological pathophysiology and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Almeqdadi M, Mana MD, Roper J, Yilmaz ÖH. Gut organoids: mini-tissues in culture to study intestinal physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C405-C419. [PMID: 31216420 PMCID: PMC6766612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, cell cultures are essential tools in the study of intestinal function and disease. For the past few decades, monolayer cellular cultures, such as cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines, have been widely applied in gastrointestinal research. Recently, the development of three-dimensional cultures known as organoids has permitted the growth of normal crypt-villus units that recapitulate many aspects of intestinal physiology. Organoid culturing has also been applied to study gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal-microbe interactions, and colorectal cancer. These models are amenable to CRISPR gene editing and drug treatments, including high-throughput small-molecule testing. Three-dimensional intestinal cultures have been transplanted into mice to develop versatile in vivo models of intestinal disease, particularly cancer. Limitations of currently available organoid models include cost and challenges in modeling nonepithelial intestinal cells, such as immune cells and the microbiota. Here, we describe the development of organoid models of intestinal biology and the applications of organoids for study of the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Siemer S, Hahlbrock A, Vallet C, McClements DJ, Balszuweit J, Voskuhl J, Docter D, Wessler S, Knauer SK, Westmeier D, Stauber RH. Nanosized food additives impact beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the human gut: a simulated gastrointestinal study. NPJ Sci Food 2018; 2:22. [PMID: 30882042 PMCID: PMC6420113 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-018-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides the food industry with new ways to modulate various aspects of food. Hence, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly added to food and beverage products as functional ingredients. However, the impact of engineered as well as naturally occurring NPs on both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is not fully understood. Here, well-defined synthetic NPs and bacterial models were used to probe nanoparticle–bacteria interactions, from analytical to in situ to in vitro. NP–bacteria complexation occurred most efficiently for small NPs, independent of their core material or surface charge, but could be reduced by NPs’ steric surface modifications. Adsorption to bacteria could also be demonstrated for naturally occurring carbon NPs isolated from beer. Complex formation affected the (patho)biological behavior of both the NPs and bacteria, including their cellular uptake into epithelial cells and phagocytes, pathogenic signaling pathways, and NP-induced cell toxicity. NP–bacteria complex formation was concentration-dependently reduced when the NPs became coated with biomolecule coronas with sequential simulation of first oral uptake and then the GI. However, efficient NP adsorption was restored when the pH was sufficiently low, such as in simulating the conditions of the stomach. Collectively, NP binding to enteric bacteria may impact their (patho)biology, particularly in the stomach. Nanosized-food additives as well as naturally occurring NPs may be exploited to (rationally) shape the microbiome. The information contained in this article should facilitate a “safe by design” strategy for the development and application of engineered NPs as functional foods ingredients. Engineered or naturally occurring nanoparticles could potentially affect the bacteria in the gut. A study led by Dana Westmeier and Roland Stauber from University Medical Center of Mainz, Germany probed the nanoparticle–bacteria interactions in situ. They found that NP–bacteria complex occurred most efficiently for small NPs, independent of their core material or surface charge. The complex formation affected the (patho)biological behavior of both the NPs and bacteria, particularly under conditions that simulate the stomach. The result shows that both engineered and naturally occurring nanoparticles could be exploited to shape the gut microbiome. The study can offer guidelines for future development and application of nanoparticles in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Siemer
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelina Hahlbrock
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cecilia Vallet
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Balszuweit
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dominic Docter
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dana Westmeier
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Pearce SC, Coia HG, Karl JP, Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Zachos NC, Racicot K. Intestinal in vitro and ex vivo Models to Study Host-Microbiome Interactions and Acute Stressors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1584. [PMID: 30483150 PMCID: PMC6240795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is extremely important for maintaining homeostasis with host intestinal epithelial, neuronal, and immune cells and this host-microbe interaction is critical during times of stress or disease. Environmental, nutritional, and cognitive stress are just a few factors known to influence the gut microbiota and are thought to induce microbial dysbiosis. Research on this bidirectional relationship as it pertains to health and disease is extensive and rapidly expanding in both in vivo and in vitro/ex vivo models. However, far less work has been devoted to studying effects of host-microbe interactions on acute stressors and performance, the underlying mechanisms, and the modulatory effects of different stressors on both the host and the microbiome. Additionally, the use of in vitro/ex vivo models to study the gut microbiome and human performance has not been researched extensively nor reviewed. Therefore, this review aims to examine current evidence concerning the current status of in vitro and ex vivo host models, the impact of acute stressors on gut physiology/microbiota as well as potential impacts on human performance and how we can parlay this information for DoD relevance as well as the broader scientific community. Models reviewed include widely utilized intestinal cell models from human and animal models that have been applied in the past for stress or microbiology research as well as ex vivo organ/tissue culture models and new innovative models including organ-on-a-chip and co-culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Pearce
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Heidi G Coia
- National Research Council, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.,711th Human Performance Wing, Airforce Research Laboratory, Airman Systems Directorate, Human-Centered ISR Division, Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J P Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Ida G Pantoja-Feliciano
- Soldier Protection and Optimization Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
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Stanland LJ, Luftig MA. Molecular features and translational outlook for Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. Future Virol 2018; 13:803-818. [PMID: 34367314 PMCID: PMC8345226 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) was the first discovered human tumor virus and is the etiological agent of B cell lymphomas and also epithelial cancers. Indeed, nearly 10% of gastric cancers worldwide are EBV-positive and display unique molecular, epigenetic, and clinicopathological features. EBV-positive gastric cancers display the highest rate of host genome methylation of all tumor types studied and harbor recurrent mutations activating PI3Kα, silencing ARID1A, and amplifying PD-L1. While EBV infection of B cells can be studied efficiently, de novo epithelial cell infection is much more difficult. We propose that new culture models including 3D-based gastric organoids and xenografts can bring new insight into EBV-induced gastric carcinogenesis and will lead to improved precision medicine-based therapies for patients with EBV-positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyla J. Stanland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Pan Y, Zhao S, Cao Z. Organoid models of gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Origin, current status and future applications in personalized medicine. Genes Dis 2018; 5:323-330. [PMID: 30591933 PMCID: PMC6303680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has been established as an important tool in many basic biological and clinical applications. This near-physiological 3D culture system accurately models various biological processes, including tissue renewal, stem cell/niche functions and tissue responses to drugs, mutations or damage. Organoids have the potential value of being an accurate model for disease predictions or drug screening applications and to identify the ideal treatment for that patient. Carcinogenesis can be modeled by mutating specific cancer genes in wild-type organoids; and patient-derived organoids provide an important resource in the development of personalized cancer treatment. Organoids from cancer patients could be used to identify the ideal treatment for a specific patient by growing matched healthy and diseased organoids from human cancer patients which additionally enables clinical screens for drug combinations. Organoids could also provide autologous cells or-in the future-tissue for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the current advances, challenges and potential applications of this technique in gastrointestinal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shuliang Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Chimal-Ramírez GK, Fuentes-Pananá EM. Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract (ECME)-based Three-dimensional System. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29364225 DOI: 10.3791/56589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), normal and neoplastic epithelial cells intimately communicate with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, thus greatly influencing normal tissue homeostasis and disease outcome. In breast cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in disease progression, metastasis, and recurrence; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of monocyte chemoattraction to the tumor microenvironment and their interactions with tumor cells is important to control the disease. Here, we provide a detailed description of a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system of human breast cancer (BrC) cells and human monocytes. BrC cells produced high basal levels of regulated on-activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), while in co-culture with monocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-8 were enriched together with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-2, and MMP-10. This tumor stroma microenvironment promoted resistance to anoikis in MCF-10A 3D acini-like structures, chemoattraction of monocytes, and invasion of aggressive BrC cells. The protocols presented here provide an affordable alternative to study intra-tumor communication and are an example of the great potential that in vitro 3D cell systems provide to interrogate specific features of tumor biology related to tumor aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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