1
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Wang YF, Chen CY, Lei L, Zhang Y. Regulation of the microglial polarization for alleviating neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of major depressive disorder. Life Sci 2025; 362:123373. [PMID: 39756509 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), as a multimodal neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative illness with high prevalence and disability rates, has become a burden to world health and the economy that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Neuroinflammation, an atypical immune response occurring in the brain, is currently gaining more attention due to its association with MDD. Microglia, as immune sentinels, have a vital function in regulating neuroinflammatory reactions in the immune system of the central nervous system. From the perspective of steady-state branching states, they can transition phenotypes between two extremes, namely, M1 and M2 phenotypes are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, respectively. It has an intermediate transition state characterized by different transcriptional features and the release of inflammatory mediators. The timing regulation of inflammatory cytokine release is crucial for damage control and guiding microglia back to a steady state. The dysregulation can lead to exorbitant tissue injury and neuronal mortality, and targeting the cellular signaling pathway that serves as the regulatory basis for microglia is considered an essential pathway for treating MDD. However, the specific intervention targets and mechanisms of microglial activation pathways in neuroinflammation are still unclear. Therefore, the present review summarized and discussed various signaling pathways and effective intervention targets that trigger the activation of microglia from its branching state and emphasizes the mechanism of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation associated with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Cong-Ya Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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2
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Kuintzle R, Santat LA, Elowitz MB. Diversity in Notch ligand-receptor signaling interactions. eLife 2025; 12:RP91422. [PMID: 39751380 PMCID: PMC11698495 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway uses families of ligands and receptors to transmit signals to nearby cells. These components are expressed in diverse combinations in different cell types, interact in a many-to-many fashion, both within the same cell (in cis) and between cells (in trans), and their interactions are modulated by Fringe glycosyltransferases. A fundamental question is how the strength of Notch signaling depends on which pathway components are expressed, at what levels, and in which cells. Here, we used a quantitative, bottom-up, cell-based approach to systematically characterize trans-activation, cis-inhibition, and cis-activation signaling efficiencies across a range of ligand and Fringe expression levels in Chinese hamster and mouse cell lines. Each ligand (Dll1, Dll4, Jag1, and Jag2) and receptor variant (Notch1 and Notch2) analyzed here exhibited a unique profile of interactions, Fringe dependence, and signaling outcomes. All four ligands were able to bind receptors in cis and in trans, and all ligands trans-activated both receptors, although Jag1-Notch1 signaling was substantially weaker than other ligand-receptor combinations. Cis-interactions were predominantly inhibitory, with the exception of the Dll1- and Dll4-Notch2 pairs, which exhibited cis-activation stronger than trans-activation. Lfng strengthened Delta-mediated trans-activation and weakened Jagged-mediated trans-activation for both receptors. Finally, cis-ligands showed diverse cis-inhibition strengths, which depended on the identity of the trans-ligand as well as the receptor. The map of receptor-ligand-Fringe interaction outcomes revealed here should help guide rational perturbation and control of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Kuintzle
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Leah A Santat
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
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3
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Stojanovic M, Kalanj-Bognar S. Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1465023. [PMID: 39664114 PMCID: PMC11631889 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1465023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopment encompasses a complex series of molecular events occuring at defined time points distinguishable by the specific genetic readout and active protein machinery. Due to immense intricacy of intertwined molecular pathways, extracting and describing all the components of a single pathway is a demanding task. In other words, there is always a risk of leaving potential transient molecular partners unnoticed while investigating signaling cascades with core functions-and the very neglected ones could be the turning point in understanding the context and regulation of the signaling events. For example, signaling pathways of Notch and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been so far unrelated in the vast body of knowledge about neurodevelopment, however evidence from available literature points to their remarkable overlap in influence on identical molecular processes and reveals their potential functional links. Based on data demonstrating Notch and TLR structural engagement and functions during neurodevelopment, along with our description of novel molecular binding models, here we hypothesize that TLR proteins act as likely crucial components in the Notch signaling cascade. We advocate for the hypothesized role of TLRs in Notch signaling by: elaborating components and features of their pathways; reviewing their effects on fates of neural progenitor cells during neurodevelopment; proposing molecular and functional aspects of the hypothesis, along with venues for testing it. Finally, we discuss substantial indications of environmental influence on the proposed Notch-TLR system and its impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Stojanovic
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Department for Molecular Biology, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Santorelli M, Bhamidipati PS, Courte J, Swedlund B, Jain N, Poon K, Schildknecht D, Kavanagh A, MacKrell VA, Sondkar T, Malaguti M, Quadrato G, Lowell S, Thomson M, Morsut L. Control of spatio-temporal patterning via cell growth in a multicellular synthetic gene circuit. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9867. [PMID: 39562554 PMCID: PMC11577002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A major goal in synthetic development is to build gene regulatory circuits that control patterning. In natural development, an interplay between mechanical and chemical communication shapes the dynamics of multicellular gene regulatory circuits. For synthetic circuits, how non-genetic properties of the growth environment impact circuit behavior remains poorly explored. Here, we first describe an occurrence of mechano-chemical coupling in synthetic Notch (synNotch) patterning circuits: high cell density decreases synNotch-gated gene expression in different cellular systems in vitro. We then construct, both in vitro and in silico, a synNotch-based signal propagation circuit whose outcome can be regulated by cell density. Spatial and temporal patterning outcomes of this circuit can be predicted and controlled via modulation of cell proliferation, initial cell density, and/or spatial distribution of cell density. Our work demonstrates that synthetic patterning circuit outcome can be controlled via cellular growth, providing a means for programming multicellular circuit patterning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santorelli
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pranav S Bhamidipati
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josquin Courte
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Swedlund
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naisargee Jain
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Poon
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dominik Schildknecht
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andriu Kavanagh
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A MacKrell
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trusha Sondkar
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mattias Malaguti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giorgia Quadrato
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sally Lowell
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Beckman Center for Single-Cell Profiling and Engineering, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Leonardo Morsut
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Kuintzle R, Santat LA, Elowitz MB. Diversity in Notch ligand-receptor signaling interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.24.554677. [PMID: 37662208 PMCID: PMC10473737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway uses families of ligands and receptors to transmit signals to nearby cells. These components are expressed in diverse combinations in different cell types, interact in a many-to-many fashion, both within the same cell (in cis) and between cells (in trans), and their interactions are modulated by Fringe glycosyltransferases. A fundamental question is how the strength of Notch signaling depends on which pathway components are expressed, at what levels, and in which cells. Here, we used a quantitative, bottom-up, cell-based approach to systematically characterize trans-activation, cis-inhibition, and cis-activation signaling efficiencies across a range of ligand and Fringe expression levels in two mammalian cell types. Each ligand (Dll1, Dll4, Jag1, and Jag2) and receptor variant (Notch1 and Notch2) analyzed here exhibited a unique profile of interactions, Fringe-dependence, and signaling outcomes. All four ligands were able to bind receptors in cis and in trans, and all ligands trans-activated both receptors, although Jag1-Notch1 signaling was substantially weaker than other ligand-receptor combinations. Cis-interactions were predominantly inhibitory, with the exception of the Dll1- and Dll4-Notch2 pairs, which exhibited cis-activation stronger than trans-activation. Lfng strengthened Delta-mediated trans-activation and weakened Jagged-mediated trans-activation for both receptors. Finally, cis-ligands showed diverse cis-inhibition strengths, which depended on the identity of the trans-ligand as well as the receptor. The map of receptor-ligand-Fringe interaction outcomes revealed here should help guide rational perturbation and control of the Notch pathway.
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6
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Latypova AA, Yaremenko AV, Pechnikova NA, Minin AS, Zubarev IV. Magnetogenetics as a promising tool for controlling cellular signaling pathways. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 38858689 PMCID: PMC11163773 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetogenetics emerges as a transformative approach for modulating cellular signaling pathways through the strategic application of magnetic fields and nanoparticles. This technique leverages the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to induce mechanical or thermal stimuli within cells, facilitating the activation of mechano- and thermosensitive proteins without the need for traditional ligand-receptor interactions. Unlike traditional modalities that often require invasive interventions and lack precision in targeting specific cellular functions, magnetogenetics offers a non-invasive alternative with the capacity for deep tissue penetration and the potential for targeting a broad spectrum of cellular processes. This review underscores magnetogenetics' broad applicability, from steering stem cell differentiation to manipulating neuronal activity and immune responses, highlighting its potential in regenerative medicine, neuroscience, and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and future directions of magnetogenetics, including the development of genetically programmed magnetic nanoparticles and the integration of magnetic field-sensitive cells for in vivo applications. Magnetogenetics stands at the forefront of cellular manipulation technologies, offering novel insights into cellular signaling and opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Latypova
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Alexey V Yaremenko
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Pechnikova
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Ilya V Zubarev
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
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7
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Wang S, Gu S, Chen J, Yuan Z, Liang P, Cui H. Mechanism of Notch Signaling Pathway in Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:480. [PMID: 38672496 PMCID: PMC11048644 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma and the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite significant advances in clinical management strategies and diagnostic techniques for GBM in recent years, it remains a fatal disease. The current standard of care includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 5%. The search for a more precise diagnosis and earlier intervention remains a critical and urgent challenge in clinical practice. The Notch signaling pathway is a critical signaling system that has been extensively studied in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. This highly conserved signaling cascade is central to a variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, self-renewal, migration, apoptosis, and metabolism. In GBM, accumulating data suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is hyperactive and contributes to GBM initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. This review summarizes the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in GBM, as well as some clinical advances targeting the Notch signaling pathway in cancer and glioblastoma, highlighting its potential as a focus for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Sikuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Junfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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8
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Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Amjadi-Moheb F, Tabaripour R, Soleimani E, Langroudi MP, Zafari P, Akhavan-Niaki H. The epigenetics orchestra of Notch signaling: a symphony for cancer therapy. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1337-1358. [PMID: 38112013 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant regulation of the Notch signaling pathway, which is a fundamental developmental pathway, has been implicated in a wide range of human cancers. The Notch pathway can be activated by both canonical and noncanonical Notch ligands, and its role can switch between acting as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the context. Epigenetic modifications have the potential to modulate Notch and its ligands, thereby influencing Notch signal transduction. Consequently, the utilization of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may present novel therapeutic opportunities for both single and combined therapeutics targeted at the Notch signaling pathway. This review offers insights into the mechanisms governing the regulation of Notch signaling and explores their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 4619332976, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
| | - Reza Tabaripour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, 4747137381, Iran
| | - Elnaz Soleimani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
| | | | - Parisa Zafari
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, 4691786953, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 4619332976, Amol, Iran
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9
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Lampada A, Taylor V. Notch signaling as a master regulator of adult neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179011. [PMID: 37457009 PMCID: PMC10339389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis ceases in most regions of the mammalian brain before or shortly after birth, however, in a few restricted brain regions, the production of new neurons proceeds into adulthood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in these neurogenic zones are integrated into niches that control their activity and fate. Most stem cells in the adult brain are mitotically inactive and these cells can remain quiescent for months or even years. One of the key questions is what are the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC maintenance and differentiation. Notch signaling has been shown to be a critical regulator of stem cell activity and maintenance in many tissues including in the nervous system. In this mini-review we discuss the roles of Notch signaling and the functions of the different Notch receptors and ligands in regulating neurogenesis in the adult murine brain. We review the functions of Notch signaling components in controlling NSC quiescence and entry into cell cycle and neurogenesis.
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10
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Gonzalez-Perez D, Das S, Antfolk D, Ahsan HS, Medina E, Dundes CE, Jokhai RT, Egan ED, Blacklow SC, Loh KM, Rodriguez PC, Luca VC. Affinity-matured DLL4 ligands as broad-spectrum modulators of Notch signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:9-17. [PMID: 36050494 PMCID: PMC10132381 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway regulates cell fate decisions and is an emerging target for regenerative and cancer therapies. Recombinant Notch ligands are attractive candidates for modulating Notch signaling; however, their intrinsically low receptor-binding affinity restricts their utility in biomedical applications. To overcome this limitation, we evolved variants of the ligand Delta-like 4 with enhanced affinity and cross-reactivity. A consensus variant with maximized binding affinity, DeltaMAX, binds human and murine Notch receptors with 500- to 1,000-fold increased affinity compared with wild-type human Delta-like 4. DeltaMAX also potently activates Notch in plate-bound, bead-bound and cellular formats. When administered as a soluble decoy, DeltaMAX inhibits Notch in reporter and neuronal differentiation assays, highlighting its dual utility as an agonist or antagonist. Finally, we demonstrate that DeltaMAX stimulates increased proliferation and expression of effector mediators in T cells. Taken together, our data define DeltaMAX as a versatile tool for broad-spectrum activation or inhibition of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satyajit Das
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hadia S Ahsan
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elliot Medina
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carolyn E Dundes
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rayyan T Jokhai
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily D Egan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Vincent C Luca
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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11
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Langridge PD, Garcia Diaz A, Chan JY, Greenwald I, Struhl G. Evolutionary plasticity in the requirement for force exerted by ligand endocytosis to activate C. elegans Notch proteins. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2263-2271.e6. [PMID: 35349791 PMCID: PMC9133158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The conserved transmembrane receptor Notch has diverse and profound roles in controlling cell fate during animal development. In the absence of ligand, a negative regulatory region (NRR) in the Notch ectodomain adopts an autoinhibited confirmation, masking an ADAM protease cleavage site;1,2 ligand binding induces cleavage of the NRR, leading to Notch ectodomain shedding as the first step of signal transduction.3,4 In Drosophila and vertebrates, recruitment of transmembrane Delta/Serrate/LAG-2 (DSL) ligands by the endocytic adaptor Epsin, and their subsequent internalization by Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, exerts a "pulling force" on Notch that is essential to expose the cleavage site in the NRR.4-6 Here, we show that Epsin-mediated endocytosis of transmembrane ligands is not essential to activate the two C. elegans Notch proteins, LIN-12 and GLP-1. Using an in vivo force sensing assay in Drosophila,6 we present evidence (1) that the LIN-12 and GLP-1 NRRs are tuned to lower force thresholds than the NRR of Drosophila Notch, and (2) that this difference depends on the absence of a "leucine plug" that occludes the cleavage site in the Drosophila and vertebrate Notch NRRs.1,2 Our results thus establish an unexpected evolutionary plasticity in the force-dependent mechanism of Notch activation and implicate a specific structural element, the leucine plug, as a determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Langridge
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Jessica Yu Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Gary Struhl
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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12
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MicroRNAs and osteosarcoma: Potential targets for inhibiting metastasis and increasing chemosensitivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115094. [PMID: 35588853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the third most common cancer in young adults after lymphoma and brain cancer. Metastasis, like other cellular events, is dependent on signaling pathways; a series of changes in some proteins and signaling pathways pave the way for OS cells to invade and migrate. Ezrin, TGF-β, Notch, RUNX2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT are among the most important of these proteins and signaling pathways. Despite the improvements in treating OS, the overall survival of patients suffering from the metastatic disease has not experienced any significant change after surgical treatments and chemotherapy and 5-years overall survival in patients with metastatic OS is about 20%. Studies have shown that overexpression or inhibition of some microRNAs (miRNAs) has significant effects in limiting the invasion and migration of OS cells. The results of these studies highlight the potential of the clinical application of some miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors (antagomiRs) to inhibit OS metastasis in the future. In addition, some studies have shown that miRNAs are associated with the most important drug resistance mechanisms in OS, and some miRNAs are highly effective targets to increase chemosensitivity. The results of these studies suggest that miRNA mimics and antagomiRs may be helpful to increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of metastatic OS. In this article, we discussed the role of various signaling pathways and the involved miRNAs in the metastasis of OS, attempting to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on OS metastasis and chemosensitivity.
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13
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Francis CR, Kushner EJ. Trafficking in blood vessel development. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:291-305. [PMID: 35449244 PMCID: PMC9249721 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels demonstrate a multitude of complex signaling programs that work in concert to produce functional vasculature networks during development. A known, but less widely studied, area of endothelial cell regulation is vesicular trafficking, also termed sorting. After moving through the Golgi apparatus, proteins are shuttled to organelles, plugged into membranes, recycled, or degraded depending on the internal and extrinsic cues. A snapshot of these protein-sorting systems can be viewed as a trafficking signature that is not only unique to endothelial tissue, but critically important for blood vessel form and function. In this review, we will cover how vesicular trafficking impacts various aspects of angiogenesis, such as sprouting, lumen formation, vessel stabilization, and secretion, emphasizing the role of Rab GTPase family members and their various effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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14
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Haller SJ, Dudley AT. Extracellular mechanotransduction. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213008. [PMID: 35171207 PMCID: PMC8855477 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight the force-sensing function of extracellular matrix and present a complementary mechanotransduction paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Haller
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Andrew T Dudley
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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15
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Del Sol-Fernández S, Martínez-Vicente P, Gomollón-Zueco P, Castro-Hinojosa C, Gutiérrez L, Fratila RM, Moros M. Magnetogenetics: remote activation of cellular functions triggered by magnetic switches. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2091-2118. [PMID: 35103278 PMCID: PMC8830762 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06303k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the possibility to remotely control intracellular pathways using physical tools has opened the way to novel and exciting applications, both in basic research and clinical applications. Indeed, the use of physical and non-invasive stimuli such as light, electricity or magnetic fields offers the possibility of manipulating biological processes with spatial and temporal resolution in a remote fashion. The use of magnetic fields is especially appealing for in vivo applications because they can penetrate deep into tissues, as opposed to light. In combination with magnetic actuators they are emerging as a new instrument to precisely manipulate biological functions. This approach, coined as magnetogenetics, provides an exclusive tool to study how cells transform mechanical stimuli into biochemical signalling and offers the possibility of activating intracellular pathways connected to temperature-sensitive proteins. In this review we provide a critical overview of the recent developments in the field of magnetogenetics. We discuss general topics regarding the three main components for magnetic field-based actuation: the magnetic fields, the magnetic actuators and the cellular targets. We first introduce the main approaches in which the magnetic field can be used to manipulate the magnetic actuators, together with the most commonly used magnetic field configurations and the physicochemical parameters that can critically influence the magnetic properties of the actuators. Thereafter, we discuss relevant examples of magneto-mechanical and magneto-thermal stimulation, used to control stem cell fate, to activate neuronal functions, or to stimulate apoptotic pathways, among others. Finally, although magnetogenetics has raised high expectations from the research community, to date there are still many obstacles to be overcome in order for it to become a real alternative to optogenetics for instance. We discuss some controversial aspects related to the insufficient elucidation of the mechanisms of action of some magnetogenetics constructs and approaches, providing our opinion on important challenges in the field and possible directions for the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susel Del Sol-Fernández
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Pablo Martínez-Vicente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Pilar Gomollón-Zueco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Christian Castro-Hinojosa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - María Moros
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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16
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Zhdanovskaya N, Firrincieli M, Lazzari S, Pace E, Scribani Rossi P, Felli MP, Talora C, Screpanti I, Palermo R. Targeting Notch to Maximize Chemotherapeutic Benefits: Rationale, Advanced Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205106. [PMID: 34680255 PMCID: PMC8533696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation in a context-dependent fashion both during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Consistent with its pleiotropic physiological role, unproper activation of the signaling promotes or counteracts tumor pathogenesis and therapy response in distinct tissues. In the last twenty years, a wide number of studies have highlighted the anti-cancer potential of Notch-modulating agents as single treatment and in combination with the existent therapies. However, most of these strategies have failed in the clinical exploration due to dose-limiting toxicity and low efficacy, encouraging the development of novel agents and the design of more appropriate combinations between Notch signaling inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs with improved safety and effectiveness for distinct types of cancer. Abstract Notch signaling guides cell fate decisions by affecting proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation depending on cell and tissue context. Given its multifaceted function during tissue development, both overactivation and loss of Notch signaling have been linked to tumorigenesis in ways that are either oncogenic or oncosuppressive, but always context-dependent. Notch signaling is critical for several mechanisms of chemoresistance including cancer stem cell maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stroma interaction, and malignant neovascularization that makes its targeting an appealing strategy against tumor growth and recurrence. During the last decades, numerous Notch-interfering agents have been developed, and the abundant preclinical evidence has been transformed in orphan drug approval for few rare diseases. However, the majority of Notch-dependent malignancies remain untargeted, even if the application of Notch inhibitors alone or in combination with common chemotherapeutic drugs is being evaluated in clinical trials. The modest clinical success of current Notch-targeting strategies is mostly due to their limited efficacy and severe on-target toxicity in Notch-controlled healthy tissues. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence on combinatorial treatment between different Notch signaling inhibitors and existent chemotherapeutic drugs, providing a comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms explaining the potential or lacking success of these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Zhdanovskaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Mariarosaria Firrincieli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Eleonora Pace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
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17
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Zeronian MR, Klykov O, Portell I de Montserrat J, Konijnenberg MJ, Gaur A, Scheltema RA, Janssen BJC. Notch-Jagged signaling complex defined by an interaction mosaic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102502118. [PMID: 34301900 PMCID: PMC8325348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102502118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling system links cellular fate to that of its neighbors, driving proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation in metazoans, whereas dysfunction leads to debilitating developmental disorders and cancers. Other than a five-by-five domain complex, it is unclear how the 40 extracellular domains of the Notch1 receptor collectively engage the 19 domains of its canonical ligand, Jagged1, to activate Notch1 signaling. Here, using cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), biophysical, and structural techniques on the full extracellular complex and targeted sites, we identify five distinct regions, two on Notch1 and three on Jagged1, that form an interaction network. The Notch1 membrane-proximal regulatory region individually binds to the established Notch1 epidermal growth factor (EGF) 8-EGF13 and Jagged1 C2-EGF3 activation sites as well as to two additional Jagged1 regions, EGF8-EGF11 and cysteine-rich domain. XL-MS and quantitative interaction experiments show that the three Notch1-binding sites on Jagged1 also engage intramolecularly. These interactions, together with Notch1 and Jagged1 ectodomain dimensions and flexibility, determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, support the formation of nonlinear architectures. Combined, the data suggest that critical Notch1 and Jagged1 regions are not distal but engage directly to control Notch1 signaling, thereby redefining the Notch1-Jagged1 activation mechanism and indicating routes for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu R Zeronian
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Klykov
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Júlia Portell I de Montserrat
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Konijnenberg
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anamika Gaur
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Scheltema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert J C Janssen
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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18
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Jiang R, Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Zhang C. Long-non-coding RNA RUSC1-AS1 accelerates osteosarcoma development by miR-101-3p-mediated Notch1 signalling pathway. J Bone Oncol 2021; 30:100382. [PMID: 34367901 PMCID: PMC8326430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RUSC1-AS1 has been found to modulate several cancers development. In this study, we explored the role of RUSC1-AS1 on osteosarcoma (OS) progression. Methods Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to test the relative expression of RUSC1-AS1, Notch1 mRNA and miR-101-3p in OS tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Gain- or loss- of functional assays were carried out to determine the roles of RUSC1-AS1 and miR-101-3p in OS progression both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Notch1, Ras and ERK was determined by Western blot. Furthermore, the relationships between RUSC1-AS1 and miR-101-3p, Notch1 and miR-101-3p were confirmed through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results RUSC1-AS1 and Notch1 were up-regulated in OS cells and tissues. Down-regulating RUSC1-AS1 significantly attenuated the proliferative, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), growth, lung metastasis, migrative and invasive abilities of MG-63 and Saos-2 cells, and aggravated apoptosis, accompanied with down-regulated Notch1-Ras-ERK1/2 in those cells both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of RUSC1-AS1 exerted opposite effects. Overexpressing miR-101-3p in OS cells had similar effects as RUSC1-AS1 inhibition. In addition, RUSC1-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to competitively sponge miR-101-3p, thus upregulating Notch1 expression and mediating the malignant behaviors of OS cells. Conclusion RUSC1-AS1 is a novel oncogenic lncRNA in OS through the miR-101-3p-Notch1-Ras-ERK pathway, which might be a potential therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Pain Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangchCun 130033, Jilin, China
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19
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Seib E, Klein T. The role of ligand endocytosis in notch signalling. Biol Cell 2021; 113:401-418. [PMID: 34038572 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signalling receptor is a mechanoreceptor that is activated by force. This force elicits a conformational change in Notch that results in the release of its intracellular domain into the cytosol by two consecutive proteolytic cleavages. In most cases, the force is generated by pulling of the ligands on the receptor upon their endocytosis. In this review, we summarise recent work that shed a more detailed light on the role of endocytosis during ligand-dependent Notch activation and discuss the role of ubiquitylation of the ligands during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Seib
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
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20
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Site-Specific Incorporation of Two ncAAs for Two-Color Bioorthogonal Labeling and Crosslinking of Proteins on Live Mammalian Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107811. [PMID: 32579937 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrrolysyl-tRNA/pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylT/RS) pair from the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei (Mma) is widely used in protein engineering to site-specifically introduce noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) through nonsense codon suppression. Here, we engineer the PylT/RS pair encoded by Methanogenic archaeon ISO4-G1 (G1) to be orthogonal to Mma PylT/RS and alter the G1 PylRS active site to accept a complementary ncAA spectrum. We combine the resulting mutual orthogonal pairs for site-specific dual ncAA incorporation of two lysine analogs with high selectivity and efficiency. Demonstrating the robustness of the system, we incorporate two ncAAs with compatible bioorthogonal reactivity into a Notch receptor, as well as a G protein-coupled receptor. We show that selective and site-specific incorporation of two ncAAs allows for two-color bioorthogonal labeling as well as chemical-controlled crosslinking of surface proteins on live mammalian cells.
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21
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Zhang J, Li N, Lu S, Chen Y, Shan L, Zhao X, Xu Y. The role of Notch ligand Jagged1 in osteosarcoma proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:226. [PMID: 33781318 PMCID: PMC8006358 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer occurring in young adults and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is less than 30% due to high metastatic recurrence and drug resistance. Notch is a highly conserved cell to cell signaling pathway in evolution, and Jagged1 is an important ligand of Notch. Although some studies have found that Notch receptors and ligands including Jagged1 were highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cells, the role of Jagged1 in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis are still not clear. METHODS Tumor tissues were collected from 68 patients and immunohistochemical staining was employed to group these patients by expression of Jagged1. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of Jagged1. We used siRNA to knockdown the expression of Jagged1 in F5M2 cells. Colony formation assay and MTT were employed to detect and analyze the proliferation of F5M2 cells with or without knockdown of Jagged1. Transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion of F5M2 cells. RESULTS In this study, we found that the high expression of Jagged1 is closely related to the metastasis and recurrence of osteosarcoma in 68 clinical specimens. The expression of Jagged1 in F5M2 cells with high metastasis was significantly higher than that in F4 cells with low metastasis. Knockdown of Jagged1 led to lower ability of proliferation, migration, and invasion in F5M2 cells. CONCLUSION The high expression of Jagged1 is closely related to the metastasis and recurrence of osteosarcoma. Knockdown of Jagged1 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Our results suggested that knockdown of Jagged1 may be a potentially effective treatment for metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 169#, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China.
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22
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Stassen OMJA, Ristori T, Sahlgren CM. Notch in mechanotransduction - from molecular mechanosensitivity to tissue mechanostasis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/24/jcs250738. [PMID: 33443070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue development and homeostasis are controlled by mechanical cues. Perturbation of the mechanical equilibrium triggers restoration of mechanostasis through changes in cell behavior, while defects in these restorative mechanisms lead to mechanopathologies, for example, osteoporosis, myopathies, fibrosis or cardiovascular disease. Therefore, sensing mechanical cues and integrating them with the biomolecular cell fate machinery is essential for the maintenance of health. The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell and tissue fate in nearly all tissues. Notch activation is directly and indirectly mechanosensitive, and regulation of Notch signaling, and consequently cell fate, is integral to the cellular response to mechanical cues. Fully understanding the dynamic relationship between molecular signaling, tissue mechanics and tissue remodeling is challenging. To address this challenge, engineered microtissues and computational models play an increasingly large role. In this Review, we propose that Notch takes on the role of a 'mechanostat', maintaining the mechanical equilibrium of tissues. We discuss the reciprocal role of Notch in the regulation of tissue mechanics, with an emphasis on cardiovascular tissues, and the potential of computational and engineering approaches to unravel the complex dynamic relationship between mechanics and signaling in the maintenance of cell and tissue mechanostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M J A Stassen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cecilia M Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland .,Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Yuan C, Ni L, Zhang C, Hu X, Wu X. Vascular calcification: New insights into endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 134:104105. [PMID: 33189731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification, a common pathological basis of vascular disease, is caused by various diseases and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Therefore, elucidating the pathogenesis of vascular calcification has significant clinical benefits. It is generally believed that vascular calcification is similar to the processes of bone development and cartilage formation. The transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast- and chondrocyte-like cells is a key event. However, recent studies have found that under certain conditions, endothelial cells participate in vascular calcification via endothelial-mesenchymal transition, cytokine secretion, extracellular vesicle synthesis, angiogenesis regulation and hemodynamics. This review aims to explore the relationship between endothelial cells and vascular calcification and to provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for the active prevention and treatment of vascular calcification in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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24
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Yang ZJ, Yu ZY, Cai YM, Du RR, Cai L. Engineering of an enhanced synthetic Notch receptor by reducing ligand-independent activation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:116. [PMID: 32170210 PMCID: PMC7069970 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is highly conserved in most animals and plays critical roles during neurogenesis as well as embryonic development. Synthetic Notch-based systems, modeled from Notch receptors, have been developed to sense and respond to a specific extracellular signal. Recent advancement of synNotch has shown promise for future use in cellular engineering to treat cancers. However, synNotch from Morsut et al. (2016) has a high level of ligand-independent activation, which limits its application. Here we show that adding an intracellular hydrophobic sequence (QHGQLWF, named as RAM7) present in native Notch, significantly reduced ligand-independent activation. Our enhanced synthetic Notch receptor (esNotch) demonstrates up to a 14.6-fold reduction in ligand-independent activation, without affecting its antigen-induced activation efficiency. Our work improves a previously reported transmembrane receptor and provides a powerful tool to develop better transmembrane signaling transduction modules for further advancement of eukaryotic synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Rong-Rong Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- The Center for Faculty Development of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Yamamoto S. Making sense out of missense mutations: Mechanistic dissection of Notch receptors through structure-function studies in Drosophila. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:15-34. [PMID: 31943162 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in the development of almost all organ systems and is required post-developmentally to modulate tissue homeostasis. Rare variants in Notch signaling pathway genes are found in patients with rare Mendelian disorders, while unique or recurrent somatic mutations in a similar set of genes are identified in cancer. The human genome contains four genes that encode Notch receptors, NOTCH1-4, all of which are linked to genetic diseases and cancer. Although some mutations have been classified as clear loss- or gain-of-function alleles based on cellular or rodent based assay systems, the functional consequence of many variants/mutations in human Notch receptors remain unknown. In this review, I will first provide an overview of the domain structure of Notch receptors and discuss how each module is known to regulate Notch signaling activity in vivo using the Drosophila Notch receptor as an example. Next, I will introduce some interesting mutant alleles that have been isolated in the fly Notch gene over the past > 100 years of research and discuss how studies of these mutations have facilitated the understanding of Notch biology. By identifying unique alleles of the fly Notch gene through forward genetic screens, mapping their molecular lesions and characterizing their phenotypes in depth, one can begin to unravel new mechanistic insights into how different domains of Notch fine-tune signaling output. Such information can be useful in deciphering the functional consequences of rare variants/mutations in human Notch receptors, which in turn can influence disease management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Young KZ, Lee SJ, Zhang X, Cartee NMP, Torres M, Keep SG, Gabbireddy SR, Fontana JL, Qi L, Wang MM. NOTCH3 is non-enzymatically fragmented in inherited cerebral small-vessel disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1960-1972. [PMID: 31901894 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The small-vessel disorder cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) arises from mutations in the human gene encoding NOTCH3 and results in vascular smooth muscle cell degeneration, stroke, and dementia. However, the structural changes in NOTCH3 involved in CADASIL etiology are unclear. Here, we discovered site-specific fragmentation of NOTCH3 protein in pathologically affected vessels of human CADASIL-affected brains. EM-based experiments to pinpoint NOTCH3 localization in these brains indicated accumulation of NOTCH3 fragmentation products in the basement membrane, collagen fibers, and granular osmiophilic material within the cerebrovasculature. Using antibodies generated against a disease-linked neo-epitope found in degenerating vascular medium of CADASIL brains, we mapped the site of fragmentation to the NOTCH3 N terminus at the peptide bond joining Asp80 and Pro81 Cleavage at this site was predicted to separate the first epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain from the remainder of the protein. We found that the cleavage product from this fragmentation event is released into the conditioned medium of cells expressing recombinant NOTCH3 fragments. Mutagenesis of Pro81 abolished the fragmentation, and low pH and reducing conditions enhanced NOTCH3 proteolysis. Furthermore, substitution of multiple cysteine residues of the NOTCH3 N terminus activated proteolytic release of the first EGF-like repeat, suggesting that the elimination of multiple disulfide bonds in NOTCH3 accelerates its fragmentation. These characteristics link the signature molecular genetic alterations present in individuals with CADASIL to a post-translational protein alteration in degenerating brain arteries. The cellular consequences of these pathological NOTCH3 fragments are an important area for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Z Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | | | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | - Simon G Keep
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | | | - Julia L Fontana
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622
| | - Michael M Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622; Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.
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27
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Adams JM, Jafar-Nejad H. The Roles of Notch Signaling in Liver Development and Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100608. [PMID: 31615106 PMCID: PMC6843177 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays major roles in organ development across animal species. In the mammalian liver, Notch has been found critical in development, regeneration and disease. In this review, we highlight the major advances in our understanding of the role of Notch activity in proper liver development and function. Specifically, we discuss the latest discoveries on how Notch, in conjunction with other signaling pathways, aids in proper liver development, regeneration and repair. In addition, we review the latest in the role of Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and chronic liver disease. Finally, recent evidence has shed light on the emerging connection between Notch signaling and glucose and lipid metabolism. We hope that highlighting the major advances in the roles of Notch signaling in the liver will stimulate further research in this exciting field and generate additional ideas for therapeutic manipulation of the Notch pathway in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Adams
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Henrique D, Schweisguth F. Mechanisms of Notch signaling: a simple logic deployed in time and space. Development 2019; 146:146/3/dev172148. [PMID: 30709911 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most cells in our body communicate during development and throughout life via Notch receptors and their ligands. Notch receptors relay information from the cell surface to the genome via a very simple mechanism, yet Notch plays multiple roles in development and disease. Recent studies suggest that this versatility in Notch function may not necessarily arise from complex and context-dependent integration of Notch signaling with other developmental signals, but instead arises, in part, from signaling dynamics. Here, we review recent findings on the core Notch signaling mechanism and discuss how spatial-temporal dynamics contribute to Notch signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos Henrique
- Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egaz Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - François Schweisguth
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France .,CNRS, UMR3738, F-75015 Paris, France
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