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Bottini CLJ, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. Methylmercury effects on avian brains. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:140-153. [PMID: 37059311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a concerning contaminant due to its ubiquity and harmful effects on organisms. Although birds are important models in the neurobiology of vocal learning and adult neuroplasticity, the neurotoxic effects of MeHg are less understood in birds than mammals. We surveyed the literature on MeHg effects on biochemical changes in the avian brain. Publication rates of papers related to neurology and/or birds and/or MeHg increased with time and can be linked with historical events, regulations, and increased understanding of MeHg cycling in the environment. However, publications on MeHg effects on the avian brain remain relatively low across time. The neural effects measured to evaluate MeHg neurotoxicity in birds changed with time and researcher interest. The measures most consistently affected by MeHg exposure in birds were markers of oxidative stress. NMDA, acetylcholinesterase, and Purkinje cells also seem sensitive to some extent. MeHg exposure has the potential to affect most neurotransmitter systems but more studies are needed for validation in birds. We also review the main mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in mammals and compare it to what is known in birds. The literature on MeHg effects on the avian brain is limited, preventing full construction of an adverse outcome pathway. We identify research gaps for taxonomic groups such as songbirds, and age- and life-stage groups such as immature fledgling stage and adult non-reproductive life stage. In addition, results are often inconsistent between experimental and field studies. We conclude that future neurotoxicological studies of MeHg impacts on birds need to better connect the numerous aspects of exposure from molecular physiological effects to behavioural outcomes that would be ecologically or biologically relevant for birds, especially under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L J Bottini
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, 1151 Richmond St., London Ontario, N6A 5B7; Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, 1151 Richmond St., London Ontario, N6A 5C2
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2
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Prastiya RA, Madyawati SP, Sari SY, Nugroho AP. Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels on egg-laying frequency in hens. Vet World 2022; 15:2890-2895. [PMID: 36718318 PMCID: PMC9880839 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2890-2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gonadotropins, for example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are hormones that affect the reproductive process. In hens, optimal levels of FSH and LH can stimulate follicle growth fairly rapidly and thereby increase egg production through follicle development and increased ovulation. Follicle-stimulating hormone acts in the early stages of follicular growth, whereas LH acts on pre-ovulatory follicles. Normal follicular growth is the result of the complementary action of FSH and LH. Low FSH and LH levels result in the formation of follicles but a lack of egg production in chickens. This study aimed to investigate FSH and LH hormone levels from layer chickens with different egg-laying frequencies. Materials and Methods Fifty blood serum samples were collected from 54-week-old ISA brown strain hens that were divided into five groups (with 10 hens per group) as follows: Hens that lay eggs (i) every day, (ii) once every 2 days, (iii) twice every 3 days, (iv) 3 times every 4 days, and (v) hens that do not lay eggs. Follicle-stimulating hormone and LH levels were measured in samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly associated with the frequency of egg laying in ISA brown strain hens (p < 0.05); the highest FSH level (869.005 ± 149.194 pg/mL) was found in hens that lay eggs every day. In contrast, the highest LH level (51.386 ± 2.410 mIU/mL) was found in hens that lay eggs every 2 days. Conclusion High level of FSH (869.005 ± 149.194 pg/mL) was associated with a high frequency of egg laying (every day) in ISA brown strain hens, and LH level of around 30.406 pg/mL was associated with daily egg laying in these hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragil Angga Prastiya
- Department of Veterinary Sciences Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Reproduction, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Ragil Angga Prastiya, e-mail: Co-authors: SPM: , SYS: , APN:
| | - Sri Pantja Madyawati
- Department of Veterinary Sciences Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Pan JQ, Liufu S, Sun JF, Chen WJ, Ouyang HJ, Shen X, Jiang DL, Xu DN, Tian YB, He JH, Huang YM. Long-day photoperiods affect expression of OPN5 and the TSH-DIO2/DIO3 pathway in Magang goose ganders. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102024. [PMID: 35986948 PMCID: PMC9405101 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiu Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Sui Liufu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Jun-Feng Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Wen-Jun Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Hong-Jia Ouyang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Xu Shen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Dan-Li Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Dan-Ning Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yun-Bo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Jian-Hua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yun-Mao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
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4
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Zeng Y, He H, Wang X, Zhang M, An Z. Climate and air pollution exposure are associated with thyroid function parameters: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1515-1523. [PMID: 33159683 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are still controversies about the impact of climatic and environmental factors on thyroid function parameters in healthy populations. We investigated the relationships between climate, air pollution exposure, and thyroid function fluctuations. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 327,913 individuals attending routine health checks from December 2013 to December 2018. We analyzed the associations between thyroid function and climatic factors using Spearman's correlation analysis. We explored the relationships between thyroid function and air pollution exposure using multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, season, and outdoor temperature. We also performed subgroup analyses by age and sex and sensitivity analyses of different anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody status. RESULTS Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were negatively associated with outdoor temperature (r = - 0.66, P < 0.001; r = - 0.55, P < 0.001), while free thyroxine (FT4) and FT4/FT3 were positively associated with temperature (r = 0.35, P < 0.001; r = 0.79, P < 0.001). An increase of 10 μg/m3 in fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was associated with a decrease of 0.12 pmol/L in FT4 and an increase of 0.07 pmol/L in FT3 (both P < 0.01). FT4/FT3 was significantly negatively associated with PM2.5 (coefficient: - 0.06, P < 0.01). These results remained robust in hierarchical analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid function parameters are associated with climate and air pollution exposure. These factors may influence variations in thyroid function. Our results also highlight the importance of public health interventions to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - H He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.
| | - Z An
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.
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Trudeau VL, Somoza GM. Multimodal hypothalamo-hypophysial communication in the vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 293:113475. [PMID: 32240708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate pituitary is arguably one of the most complex endocrine glands from the evolutionary, anatomical and functional perspectives. The pituitary plays a master role in endocrine physiology for the control of growth, metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and the stress response, among many other key processes. The synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones are under the control of neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus. Under this conceptual framework, the communication between the hypophysiotropic brain and the pituitary gland is at the foundation of our understanding of endocrinology. The anatomy of the connections between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland has been described in different vertebrate classes, revealing diverse modes of communication together with varying degrees of complexity. In this context, the evolution and variation in the neuronal, neurohemal, endocrine and paracrine modes will be reviewed in light of recent discoveries, and a re-evaluation of earlier observations. There appears to be three main hypothalamo-pituitary communication systems: 1. Diffusion, best exemplified by the agnathans; 2. Direct innervation of the adenohypophysis, which is most developed in teleost fish, and 3. The median eminence/portal blood vessel system, most conspicuously developed in tetrapods, showing also considerable variation between classes. Upon this basic classification, there exists various combinations possible, giving rise to taxon and species-specific, multimodal control over major physiological processes. Intrapituitary paracrine regulation and communication between folliculostellate cells and endocrine cells are additional processes of major importance. Thus, a more complex evolutionary picture of hypothalamo-hypophysial communication is emerging. There is currently little direct evidence to suggest which neuroendocrine genes may control the evolution of one communication system versus another. However, studies at the developmental and intergenerational timescales implicate several genes in the angiogenesis and axonal guidance pathways that may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires B7130IWA, Argentina.
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6
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La Y, He X, Zhang L, Di R, Wang X, Gan S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hu W, Chu M. Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed Profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the Uterus of Seasonal Reproduction Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030301. [PMID: 32178360 PMCID: PMC7140836 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod is one of the important factors leading to seasonal reproduction of sheep. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiod regulation of seasonal reproduction remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in uterine tissues from Sunite sheep during three different photoperiods, namely, the short photoperiod (SP), short transfer to long photoperiod (SLP), and long photoperiod (LP). The results showed that 298, 403, and 378 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 171, 491, and 499 DE lncRNAs, and 124, 270, and 400 DE circRNAs were identified between SP and LP, between SP and SLP, and between LP and SLP, respectively. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed RNAs were mainly involved in the GnRH signaling pathway, thyroid hormone synthesis, and thyroid hormone signaling pathway. In addition, co-expression networks of lncRNA–mRNA were constructed based on the correlation analysis between the differentially expressed RNAs. Our study provides new insights into the expression changes of RNAs in different photoperiods, which might contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of seasonal reproduction in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (R.D.); (X.W.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (R.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (R.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (R.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Shangquan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (R.D.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-15901106848 (W.H.); +86-010-62819850 (M.C.)
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (X.H.); (R.D.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-15901106848 (W.H.); +86-010-62819850 (M.C.)
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7
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Sun L, Guo L, Wang J, Li M, Appiah MO, Liu H, Zhao J, Yang L, Lu W. Photoperiodic effect on the testicular transcriptome in broiler roosters. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:918-927. [PMID: 32100373 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Information about the effects of photoperiod on the testicular transcriptome of broiler roosters is limited. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of different photoperiodic regimes on gene expression in the testes of broiler breeder roosters. One hundred and twenty Arbor Acres broiler breeder roosters aged 20 weeks were assigned to one of three groups (n = 40) and subjected to different photoperiodic regimes: control (CTR; 12.5 L:11.5 D), short day (SD; 8 L:16 D) and long day (LD; 16 L:8 D). After 4 weeks, the testes of 10 randomly selected birds from each group were dissected, sliced and haematoxylin-eosin stained. The testicular transcriptome of roosters from the SD and LD groups was determined by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and the results were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. The seminiferous tubule area and sperm count increased significantly with the prolongation of photoperiod (p < .01). Additionally, the RNA-Seq results indicated that 387 genes were upregulated and 1,052 genes were downregulated in the LD group compared with those in the SD group. Several crucial genes involved in rooster testicular development and reproduction were also screened, including heat shock proteins 90, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, adenosine 5'-monophosphate -activated protein kinase, BCL-6 and Smad3. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box (FoxO), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and insulin signalling pathway. In conclusion, a 16 hr photoperiod for 4 weeks increased the seminiferous tubule duct area and promoted spermatogenesis in the rooster's testicles, and the mTOR, FoxO, TGF-β and insulin signalling pathways may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lewei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Michael Osei Appiah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfa Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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8
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Malek I, Haim A, Izhaki I. Melatonin mends adverse temporal effects of bright light at night partially independent of its effect on stress responses in captive birds. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:189-208. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1698590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Malek
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - A. Haim
- The Israeli Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - I. Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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9
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MALEK I, HAIM A. Bright artificial light at night is associated with increased body mass, poor reproductive success and compromised disease tolerance in Australian budgerigars (
Melopsittacus undulatus
). Integr Zool 2019; 14:589-603. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itay MALEK
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental BiologyUniversity of Haifa Mount Carmel Haifa Israel
| | - Abraham HAIM
- The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in ChronobiologyUniversity of Haifa Haifa Israel
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10
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Poissenot K, Anger K, Constantin P, Cornilleau F, Lomet D, Tsutsui K, Dardente H, Calandreau L, Beltramo M. Brain mapping of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone-related peptide 2 with a novel antibody suggests a connection with emotional reactivity in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, Temminck & Schlegel, 1849). J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1872-1884. [PMID: 30734308 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a neuropeptide first discovered in the quail brain that is involved in the control of reproductive physiology and behaviors, and stress response. GnIH gene encodes a second peptide, GnIH-related peptide-2 (RP2), the distribution and function of which remain unknown. We therefore studied GnIH-RP2 distribution by immunohistochemistry using a novel antibody capable of discriminating between GnIH and GnIH-RP2. The overall distribution of GnIH-RP2 is similar to that of GnIH. The vast majority of labeled neurons is located in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Labeling of fibers is conspicuous in the diencephalon, but present also in the mesencephalon and telencephalon. Several regions involved in the control of reproduction and stress response (the PVN, septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and nucleus commissura pallii) showed a dense network of immunolabeled fibers. To investigate the potential function of GnIH-RP2 we compared its expression in two quail lines genetically selected for divergence in their emotional reactivity. A quantitative analysis in the above-mentioned brain regions showed that the density of fibers was similar in the two lines. However, the number of GnIH-RP2 labeled neurons was higher in the median portion of the PVN in birds with higher emotional reactivity. These results point to a possible involvement of GnRH-RP2 in modulating stress response and/or emotional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Poissenot
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Karine Anger
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Paul Constantin
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Cornilleau
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugues Dardente
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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11
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Santi D, Spaggiari G, Brigante G, Setti M, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Simoni M. Semi-annual seasonal pattern of serum thyrotropin in adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10786. [PMID: 31346248 PMCID: PMC6658473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circannual rhythmicity in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion is proposed, whereas evidences on seasonal peripheral thyroid hormones’ fluctuation are contradictory. This study was designed to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) seasonal secretion pattern using a big data approach. An observational, retrospective, big data trial was carried out, including all TSH measurements performed in a single laboratory between January 2010 and December 2017. A large dataset was created matching TSH data with patients’ age, gender, environmental temperature exposure, and free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) when available. The trend and seasonal distributions were analysed using autoregressive integrated moving average models. A total of 1,506,495 data were included in the final database with patients mean age of 59.00 ± 18.44 years. The mean TSH serum levels were 2.08 ± 1.57 microIU/mL, showing a seasonal distribution with higher levels in summer and winter seasons, independently from age, gender and environmental temperatures. Neither fT3 nor fT4 showed a seasonal trend. TSH seasonal changes occurred independently from peripheral thyroid hormone variations, gender, age and environmental temperatures. Although seasonal TSH fluctuation could represent a residual ancestral mechanism to maintain HPT homeostasis, the underlying physiological mechanism remains unclear and specific studies are needed to clarify its impacting role in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Setti
- Service of Clinical Engineering, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
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GUH YJ, TAMAI TK, YOSHIMURA T. The underlying mechanisms of vertebrate seasonal reproduction. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:343-357. [PMID: 31406058 PMCID: PMC6766453 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Animals make use of changes in photoperiod to adapt their physiology to the forthcoming breeding season. Comparative studies have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of seasonal reproduction in vertebrates. Birds are excellent models for studying these phenomena because of their rapid and dramatic responses to changes in photoperiod. Deep brain photoreceptors in birds perceive and transmit light information to the pars tuberalis (PT) in the pituitary gland, where the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced. This PT-TSH locally increases the level of the bioactive thyroid hormone T3 via the induction of type 2 deiodinase production in the mediobasal hypothalamus, and an increased T3 level, in turn, controls seasonal gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. In mammals, the eyes are the only photoreceptive structure, and nocturnal melatonin secretion encodes day-length information and regulates the PT-TSH signaling cascade. In Salmonidae, the saccus vasculosus plays a pivotal role as a photoperiodic sensor. Together, these studies have uncovered the universality and diversity of fundamental traits in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jey GUH
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takako K TAMAI
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi YOSHIMURA
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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13
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Bai H, Xu S, Xu H, Ni A, Yang N, Chen J. Identification and differential expression of microRNAs in the testis of chicken with high and low sperm motility. Theriogenology 2018; 122:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Dardente H, Lomet D. Photoperiod and thyroid hormone regulate expression of l-dopachrome tautomerase (Dct), a melanocyte stem-cell marker, in tanycytes of the ovine hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12640. [PMID: 30129070 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary is central to the control of seasonal breeding. In mammals, the PT translates the photoperiodic message carried by melatonin into an endocrine thyroid-stimulating hormone output, which controls local thyroid hormone (TH) signalling in tanycytes of the neighbouring hypothalamus. In the present study, we identify l-dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) as a novel marker of ovine tanycytes and show that Dct displays marked seasonal variations in expression, with higher levels during spring and summer. This seasonal profile is photoperiod-dependent because an acute exposure to long days induces Dct expression. In addition, we find that TH also modulates Dct expression. DCT functions as an enzyme in the melanin synthesis pathway within skin melanocytes, whereas expression in other tissues is comparatively low. We demonstrate that both Tyr and Tyrp1, which are enzymes that intervene upstream and downstream of Dct in the melanin synthesis pathway, respectively, are expressed at very low levels in the ovine hypothalamus. This suggests that Dct in tanycytes may not be involved in melanin synthesis. We speculate that DCT function is linked to its protective role towards oxidative stress and/or its function in the control of neural progenitor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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15
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De Vincentis S, Monzani ML, Brigante G. Crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:609-620. [PMID: 29999286 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins and thyroid hormones are essential, respectively, for reproduction and metabolism. The classical endocrinological approach is based on the detection of axes that start from the hypothalamus and arrive at the final effector organ, in this case gonads and thyroid. However, several clues suggest that these axes do not work in parallel, but they dialogue with each other. In this article, we review evidences demonstrating crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. Firstly, there is an undeniable structural similarity of both hormones and receptors, maybe due to a common ancient origin. This structural similarity leads to possible interaction at the receptor level, explaining the influence of thyroid stimulating hormone on gonadal development and vice versa. Indeed, altered levels of thyroid hormones could lead to different disorders of gonadal development and function throughout entire life, especially during puberty and fertile life. We here report the current knowledge on this item both in males and in females. In particular, we deepen the interaction between thyroid and gonads in two situations in females: polycystic ovary syndrome, the most frequent cause of menstrual alteration, and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria L Monzani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy - .,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
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