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Zeng Q, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zu S, Ding X, Zhang H. Japanese encephalitis virus NS4B inhibits interferon beta production by targeting TLR3 and TRIF. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109849. [PMID: 37597377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, causing epidemics of encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorders in pigs. This virus is predominantly distributed in Asian countries and causes tens of thousands of infections in humans annually. Interferon (IFN) is an essential component of host defense against viral infection. Multiple studies have indicated that multifunctional nonstructural proteins of flaviviruses suppress the host IFN response via various strategies to facilitate viral replication. The flaviviruses encoded nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) is a multifunctional hydrophobic nonstructural protein widely involved in viral replication, pathogenesis and host immune evasion. In this study, we demonstrated that NS4B of JEV suppressed the induction of IFN-β production, mainly through targeting the TLR3 and TRIF (a TIR domain-containing linker that induces IFN-β) proteins in the TLR3 pathway. In a dual-luciferase reporter assay, JEV NS4B significantly inhibited the activation of IFN-β promoter induced by TLR3 and simultaneously treated with poly (I:C). Moreover, NS4B also inhibited the activation of IFN-β promoter triggered by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)/5D or its upstream molecules in TLR3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NS4B inhibited the phosphorylation of IRF3 under the stimulation of TLR3 and TRIF molecules. Mechanistically, JEV NS4B interacts with TLR3 and TRIF and confirmed by co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assay, thereby inhibiting the activation of downstream sensors in the TLR3-mediated pathway. Overall, our results provide a novel mechanism by which JEV NS4B interferes with the host's antiviral response through targeting TLR3 receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yucan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shaopo Zu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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Gabiane G, Yen P, Failloux A. Aedes mosquitoes in the emerging threat of urban yellow fever transmission. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2333. [PMID: 35124859 PMCID: PMC9541788 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This last decade has seen a resurgence of yellow fever (YF) in historical endemic regions and repeated attempts of YF introduction in YF‐free countries such as the Asia‐Pacific region and the Caribbean. Infected travellers are the main entry routes in these regions where competent mosquito vectors proliferate in appropriate environmental conditions. With the discovery of the 17D vaccine, it was thought that YF would be eradicated. Unfortunately, it was not the case and, contrary to dengue, chikungunya and Zika, factors that cotribute to YF transmission remain under investigation. Today, all the signals are red and it is very likely that YF will be the next pandemic in the YF‐free regions where millions of people are immunologically naïve. Unlike COVID‐19, YF is associated with a high case‐fatality rate and a high number of deaths are expected. This review gives an overview of global YF situation, including the non‐endemic Asia‐Pacific region and the Caribbean where Aedes aegypti is abundantly distributed, and also proposes different hypotheses on why YF outbreaks have not yet occurred despite high records of travellers importing YF into these regions and what role Aedes mosquitoes play in the emergence of urban YF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Gabiane
- Institut Pasteur Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Paris France
- Université des Antilles, Campus de Schoelcher Schoelcher Martinique
| | - Pei‐Shi Yen
- Institut Pasteur Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Paris France
| | - Anna‐Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur Université de Paris, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Paris France
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Ghosh S, Marsh ENG. Viperin: An ancient radical SAM enzyme finds its place in modern cellular metabolism and innate immunity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11513-11528. [PMID: 32546482 PMCID: PMC7450102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viperin plays an important and multifaceted role in the innate immune response to viral infection. Viperin is also notable as one of very few radical SAM-dependent enzymes present in higher animals; however, the enzyme appears broadly conserved across all kingdoms of life, which suggests that it represents an ancient defense mechanism against viral infections. Although viperin was discovered some 20 years ago, only recently was the enzyme's structure determined and its catalytic activity elucidated. The enzyme converts CTP to 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP, which functions as novel chain-terminating antiviral nucleotide when misincorporated by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Moreover, in higher animals, viperin interacts with numerous other host and viral proteins, and it is apparent that this complex network of interactions constitutes another important aspect of the protein's antiviral activity. An emerging theme is that viperin appears to facilitate ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of some of the proteins it interacts with. Viperin-targeted protein degradation contributes to the antiviral response either by down-regulating various metabolic pathways important for viral replication or by directly targeting viral proteins for degradation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structure and catalytic activity of viperin, together with studies investigating the interactions between viperin and its target proteins. These studies have provided detailed insights into the biochemical processes underpinning this unusual enzyme's wide-ranging antiviral activity. We also highlight recent intriguing reports that implicate a broader role for viperin in regulating nonpathological cellular processes, including thermogenesis and protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Lee MS, Tseng YH, Chen YC, Kuo CH, Wang SL, Lin MH, Huang YF, Wang YW, Lin YC, Hung CH. M2 macrophage subset decrement is an indicator of bleeding tendency in pediatric dengue disease. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:829-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Manet C, Roth C, Tawfik A, Cantaert T, Sakuntabhai A, Montagutelli X. Host genetic control of mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:384-407. [PMID: 30167843 PMCID: PMC7614898 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, several of which represent emerging or re-emerging pathogens responsible for widespread infections with consequences ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to severe clinical diseases and congenital developmental deficits. This variability is due to multiple factors including host genetic determinants, the role of which has been investigated in mouse models and human genetic studies. In this review, we provide an overview of the host genes and variants which modify susceptibility or resistance to major mosquito-borne flaviviruses infections in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Manet
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Claude Roth
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 2000-Génomique Evolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 2000-Génomique Evolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Group, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, International Network of Pasteur Institutes, Phnom Penh, 12201, Cambodia
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 2000-Génomique Evolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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