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Chen Y, Chen G, Qi Y, Zeng J, Ma L, Zhang X, Qie X, Jin Y, Li H, Yuan L. Analysis of Histochemical Characteristics of Submandibular Gland of the Bactrian Camel. Vet Sci 2025; 12:108. [PMID: 40005868 PMCID: PMC11861349 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The ultrastructure of submandibular gland (SMG) of Bactrian camels was observed by a transmission electron microscope. Routine HE staining, special staining combined with immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to study the histochemical characteristics of the submandibular gland and the localisation and distribution characteristics of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). HE results showed that the submandibular gland of Bactrian camels was composed of mixed serous and mucinous acini glands. The submandibular striated duct was highly developed and connected with intercalated ducts with larger diameter. Intercalated ducts are shorter and directly connected to acini. In AB-PAS staining, it was observed that the inner wall of striated tube was strongly positive for AB staining. The distribution of the reticular fibres around the follicles and ducts of the submandibular gland is distinct, with collagen fibres distributed mainly in the periphery of the ducts and sparse collagen fibres in the periphery of the acini. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence show that EGF is strongly positive in striated and intercalated ducts, and EGFR is weakly positive in striated and intercalated ducts. Bactrian camel SMGs secrete more acidic mucins, and EGF and EGFR were mainly secreted and play a role in the pipeline system of SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Guojuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
- Huangzhong District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Xining 811600, China
| | - Yumei Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Jianlin Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Long Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Xudong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaolong Qie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Yajuan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Haijun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.C.); (G.C.); (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.M.); (X.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Guo Y, Song S, DU X, Tian L, Zhang M, Zhou H, Chen ZK, Chang S. Romidepsin (FK228) improves the survival of allogeneic skin grafts through downregulating the production of donor-specific antibody via suppressing the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:392-406. [PMID: 35557040 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the major causes of graft loss after transplantation. Recently, the regulation of B cell differentiation and the prevention of donor-specific antibody (DSA) production have gained increased attention in transplant research. Herein, we established a secondary allogeneic in vivo skin transplant model to study the effects of romidepsin (FK228) on DSA. The survival of grafted skins was monitored daily. The serum levels of DSA and the number of relevant immunocytes in the recipient spleens were evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, we isolated and purified B cells from B6 mouse spleens in vitro by magnetic bead sorting. The B cells were cultured with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and anti-clusters of differentiation 40 (CD40) antibody with or without FK228 treatment. The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgM levels in the supernatant were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were conducted to determine the corresponding levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in cultured cells and the recipient spleens. The results showed that FK228 significantly improved the survival of allogeneic skin grafts. Moreover, FK228 inhibited DSA production in the serum along with the suppression of histone deacetylase 1 (HADC1) and HDAC2 and the upregulation of the acetylation of histones H2A and H3. It also inhibited the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells, decreased the transcription of positive regulatory domain-containing 1 (Prdm1) and X-box-binding protein 1 (Xbp1), and decreased the expression of phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (p-IRE1α), XBP1, and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). In conclusion, FK228 could decrease the production of antibodies by B cells via inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway. Thus, FK228 is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Siyu Song
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoxiao DU
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Liu J, Qu Z, Chen H, Sun W, Jiang Y. Increased levels of circulating class-switched memory B cells and plasmablasts are associated with serum immunoglobulin G in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107839. [PMID: 34111735 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney-specific autoimmune disease, but its pathogenesis is not fully known. The present study detected the frequencies of circulating memory B cells and plasmablasts and other clinical parameters in FSGS. METHODS We monitored 16 primary FSGS patients and 23 healthy controls (HC). Flow cytometry was used to analyze circulating memory B cell and plasmablastspercentages. Serum IgG levels were detected using a cytometric bead array (CBA). RESULTS The proportions of CD27 + IgD- class-switched memory B cells (P = 0.0002), CD27 + IgD-IgG + class-switched memory B cells (P < 0.0001), CD27hiCD38hi plasmablasts (P < 0.0001) and CD138 + plasma cells (P < 0.0001) were markedlyelevated in FSGS patients, and the frequency of CD38 + IgG + plasmablasts (P < 0.0001) and serum IgG levels (P < 0.0001) were lower compared to HC. In the FSGS patients, the frequency of CD27 + IgD-IgG + class-switched memory B cells negatively correlated with CD38 + IgG + plasmablasts (P = 0.0183, R = -0.3375), serum IgG levels (P = 0.0061, R = -0.4263) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 0.0074, R = -0.4114) but positively correlated with 24-h urinary protein levels (P = 0.0077, R = 0.4085). The proportion of CD38 + IgG + plasmablasts positively correlated with serum IgG levels (P = 0.0151, R = 0.3538). CONCLUSIONS We speculate that alterations in the frequencies of CD27 + IgD-IgG + class-switched memory B cells and plasmablasts may be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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Bonaud A, Lemos JP, Espéli M, Balabanian K. Hematopoietic Multipotent Progenitors and Plasma Cells: Neighbors or Roommates in the Mouse Bone Marrow Ecosystem? Front Immunol 2021; 12:658535. [PMID: 33936091 PMCID: PMC8083056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a complex ecosystem in which hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells reside. In this review, we discuss the bone marrow niches in mice that facilitate the survival, maintenance, and differentiation of cells of hematopoietic origin based on the recent literature. Our review places a special focus on the hematopoietic multipotent progenitors and on plasma cells, corresponding to the last stage of the B-cell lineage, that play a key role in the humoral memory response. We highlight the similarities between the microenvironments necessary for the establishment and the maintenance of these two immune cell subsets, and how the chemokine CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis contributes to these processes. Finally, we bring elements to address the following question: are multipotent progenitors and plasma cells neighbors or roommates within the bone marrow?
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julia P Lemos
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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