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Huang F, Xu P, Yue Z, Song Y, Hu K, Zhao X, Gao M, Chong Z. Body Weight Correlates with Molecular Variances in Patients with Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:757-770. [PMID: 38190709 PMCID: PMC10911806 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are identified by a high body mass index (BMI) and carry significant health risks due to associated comorbidities. Although epidemiologic data connect overweight/obesity with 13 cancer types, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this correlation is needed to improve prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of molecular differences between overweight or obese patients and normal weight patients across 14 different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Using the propensity score weighting algorithm to control for confounding factors, obesity-specific mutational features were identified, such as higher mutation burden in rectal cancer and biased mutational signatures in other cancers. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in tumors from patients with overweight/obesity were predominantly upregulated and enriched in inflammatory and hormone-related pathways. These DEGs were significantly associated with survival rates in various cancer types, highlighting the impact of elevated body fat on gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Interestingly, while high BMI seemed to have a negative impact on most cancer types, the normal weight-biased mutational and gene expression patterns indicated overweight/obesity may be beneficial in endometrial cancer, suggesting the presence of an "obesity paradox" in this context. Body fat also significantly impacted the tumor microenvironment by modulating immune cell infiltration, underscoring the importance of understanding the interplay between weight and immune response in cancer progression. Together, this study systematically elucidates the molecular differences corresponding to body weight in multiple cancer types, offering potentially critical insights for developing precision therapy for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Elucidation of the complex interplay between body weight and the molecular landscape of cancer could potentially guide tailored therapies and improve patient management amid the global obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Huang
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peng Xu
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zongliang Yue
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yuwei Song
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kaili Hu
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Min Gao
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zechen Chong
- Informatics Institute, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
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Kiran S, Mandal M, Rakib A, Bajwa A, Singh UP. miR-10a-3p modulates adiposity and suppresses adipose inflammation through TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213415. [PMID: 37334370 PMCID: PMC10272755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by an enhanced amount of fat and energy storage in adipose tissue (AT). Obesity appears to promote and maintain low-grade chronic inflammation by activating a subset of inflammatory T cells, macrophages, and other immune cells that infiltrate the AT. Maintenance of AT inflammation during obesity involves regulation by microRNAs (miRs), which also regulate the expression of genes implicated in adipocyte differentiation. This study aims to use ex vivo and in vitro approaches to evaluate the role and mechanism of miR-10a-3p in adipose inflammation and adipogenesis. Methods Wild-type BL/6 mice were placed on normal (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and their obesity phenotype, inflammatory genes, and miRs expression were examined in the AT. We also used differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes for mechanistic in vitro studies. Results Microarray analysis allowed us to identify an altered set of miRs in the AT immune cells and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) prediction demonstrated that miR-10a-3p expression was downregulated in AT immune cells in the HFD group as compared to ND. A molecular mimic of miR-10a-3p reduced expression of inflammatory M1 macrophages, cytokines, and chemokines, including transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and interleukin 17F (IL-17F) and induced expression of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in the immune cells isolated from AT of HFD-fed mice as compared to ND. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the miR-10a-3p mimics also reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and lipid accumulation, which plays a role in the dysregulation of AT function. In these cells, overexpression of miR-10a-3p reduced the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, CHOP-10, and fatty acid synthase (FASN), relative to the control scramble miRs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that miR-10a-3p mimic mediates the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling to improve metabolic markers and adipose inflammation. This study provides a new opportunity for the development of miR-10a-3p as a novel therapeutic for adipose inflammation, and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mousumi Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Papotti B, Opstad TB, Åkra S, Tønnessen T, Braathen B, Hansen CH, Arnesen H, Solheim S, Seljeflot I, Ronda N. Macrophage polarization markers in subcutaneous, pericardial, and epicardial adipose tissue are altered in patients with coronary heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1055069. [PMID: 36937936 PMCID: PMC10017535 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1055069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue (EAT and PAT) surround and protect the heart, with EAT directly sharing the microcirculation with the myocardium, possibly presenting a distinct macrophage phenotype that might affect the inflammatory environment in coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aims to investigate the expression of genes in different AT compartments driving the polarization of AT macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory (L-Galectin 9; CD206) or pro-inflammatory (NOS2) phenotype. Methods EAT, PAT, and subcutaneous (SAT) biopsies were collected from 52 CHD patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, and from 22 CTRLs undergoing aortic valve replacement. L-Galectin9 (L-Gal9), CD206, and NOS2 AT gene expression and circulating levels were analyzed through RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results L-Gal9, CD206, and NOS2 gene expression was similar in all AT compartments in CHD and CTRLs, as were also L-Gal9 and CD206 circulating levels, while NOS2 serum levels were higher in CHD (p = 0.012 vs. CTRLs). In CTRLs, NOS2 expression was lower in EAT vs. SAT (p = 0.007), while in CHD patients CD206 expression was lower in both SAT and EAT as compared to PAT (p = 0.003, p = 0.006, respectively), suggestive of a possible macrophage reprogramming toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype in EAT. In CHD patients, NOS2 expression in SAT correlated to that in PAT and EAT (p = 0.007, both), CD206 expression correlated positively to L-Gal9 (p < 0.001) only in EAT, and CD206 expression associated with that of macrophage identifying markers in all AT compartments (p < 0.001, all). In CHD patients, subjects with LDL-C above 1.8 mmol/L showed significantly higher NOS2 expression in PAT and EAT as compared to subjects with LDL-C levels below (p < 0.05), possibly reflecting increased cardiac AT pro-inflammatory activation. In SAT and PAT, CD206 expression associated with BMI in both CHD and CTRLs (p < 0.05, all), and with L-Gal9 in EAT, however only in CTRLs (p = 0.002). Conclusion CHD seems to be accompanied by an altered cardiac, and especially epicardial AT macrophage polarization. This may represent an important pathophysiological mechanism and a promising field of therapy targeting the excessive AT inflammation, in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Papotti
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Bianca Papotti,
| | - Trine Baur Opstad
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Åkra
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Holst Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Michalak A, Kasztelan-Szczerbińska B, Cichoż-Lach H. Impact of Obesity on the Course of Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193983. [PMID: 36235636 PMCID: PMC9573343 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is already well-known that visceral adipose tissue is inseparably related to the pathogenesis, activity, and general outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We are getting closer and closer to the molecular background of this loop, finding certain relationships between activated mesenteric tissue and inflammation within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, relatively new data have been uncovered, indicating a direct impact of body fat on the pattern of pharmacological treatment in the course of IBD. On the other hand, ileal and colonic types of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to be more diversified than it was thought in the past. However, the question arises whether at this stage we are able to translate this knowledge into the practical management of IBD patients or we are still exploring the scientific background of this pathology, having no specific tools to be used directly in patients. Our review explores IBD in the context of obesity and associated disorders, focusing on adipokines, creeping fat, and possible relationships between these disorders and the treatment of IBD patients.
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Minuzzi LG, Seelaender M, Silva BSDA, Cunha EDBB, Deus MDC, Vasconcellos FTF, Marqueze LFB, Gadotti AC, Baena CP, Pereira T, Krüger K, Amaral ANM, Pinho RA, Lira FS. COVID-19 Outcome Relates With Circulating BDNF, According to Patient Adiposity and Age. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784429. [PMID: 34957187 PMCID: PMC8704131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: We evaluated adipose tissue-derived hormones, body composition, serum metabolic profile, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the association of these parameters with the clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19. We sought to examine whether obesity, sex, and age influence the adipose tissue endocrine response to the disease. Methods: This prospective study investigated 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients were categorized based on their body mass index (BMI), sex and age, and were also classified regarding their outcome after hospitalization as: (a) Non-ICU: patients hospitalized who did not receive intensive care; (b) ICU-survivor: patients admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged; (c) ICU-death: patients who died. Blood samples were collected by the hospital staff between the first and third day of hospitalization. Serum leptin, adiponectin and BDNF concentrations, triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions were performed following the manufacturer's guidelines. Results: We demonstrate that BDNF levels predict intensive care (IC) need (p < 0.01). This association was found to be stronger in patients >60y (p = 0.026). Neither leptin nor adiponectin concentration was associated with IC requirement or with patient's outcome, while the BDNF/adiponectin ratio was closely associated with worsened outcomes (p < 0.01). BDNF concentration was similar between sexes, however tended to be lower in male patients (p = 0.023). In older patients, BDNF concentration was lower than that of younger patients (p = 0.020). These age and sex-specific differences should be considered when employing these potential markers for prognosis assessment. While appetite and body composition regulating hormones secreted by the white adipose tissue are not reliable predictors of disease severity, the ratio BDNF/adiponectin was indicative of patient status. Conclusion: Thus, we propose that serum BDNF content and BDNF/adiponectin ratio may serve as tools predicting worsened prognosis in COVID-19, especially for male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Spolador De Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Marina De Castro Deus
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Felipe Beltrão Marqueze
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gadotti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andréa Novais Moreno Amaral
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Antibodies against phosphorylcholine in hospitalized versus non-hospitalized obese subjects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20246. [PMID: 34642415 PMCID: PMC8511239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity associates with reduced life expectancy, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and is characterized by chronic inflammation. Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein, dead cells and some microorganisms. Antibodies against PC (anti-PC) have anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we explored the role of anti-PC in hospitalized versus non-hospitalized obese. One-hundred-and-twenty-eight obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) individuals (59.8 (± 5.5) years, 53.9% women) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort were examined and IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 anti-PC were analyzed by ELISA. Individuals with at least one recorded history of hospitalization prior to study baseline were considered hospitalized obese (HO). Associations between IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 anti-PC and HO (n = 32)/non-hospitalized obese (NHO) (n = 96), but also with metabolic syndrome and diabetes were analysed using logistic regressions. Both IgM and IgG1 anti-PC were inversely associated with HO, also after controlling for age and sex. When further adjusted for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose levels and smoking status, only IgG1 anti-PC remained significantly associated with HO. In multivariate models, each 1 standard deviation of increment in anti-PC IgG1 levels was inversely associated with prevalence of HO (odds ratio 0.57; CI 95% 0.33–0.98; p = 0.044). IgG2 anti-PC did not show any associations with HO. Low levels of IgM and IgG1 anti-PC are associated with higher risk of being a HO individual independent of sex and age, IgG1 anti-PC also independently of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory properties of these antibodies may be related to inflammation in obesity and its complications.
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Garibotto G, Saio M, Aimasso F, Russo E, Picciotto D, Viazzi F, Verzola D, Laudon A, Esposito P, Brunori G. How to Overcome Anabolic Resistance in Dialysis-Treated Patients? Front Nutr 2021; 8:701386. [PMID: 34458305 PMCID: PMC8387577 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.701386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A current hypothesis is that dialysis-treated patients are "anabolic resistant" i. e., their muscle protein synthesis (MPS) response to anabolic stimuli is blunted, an effect which leads to muscle wasting and poor physical performance in aging and in several chronic diseases. The importance of maintaining muscle mass and MPS is often neglected in dialysis-treated patients; better than to describe mechanisms leading to energy-protein wasting, the aim of this narrative review is to suggest possible strategies to overcome anabolic resistance in this patient's category. Food intake, in particular dietary protein, and physical activity, are the two major anabolic stimuli. Unfortunately, dialysis patients are often aged and have a sedentary behavior, all conditions which per se may induce a state of "anabolic resistance." In addition, patients on dialysis are exposed to amino acid or protein deprivation during the dialysis sessions. Unfortunately, the optimal amount and formula of protein/amino acid composition in supplements to maximixe MPS is still unknown in dialysis patients. In young healthy subjects, 20 g whey protein maximally stimulate MPS. However, recent observations suggest that dialysis patients need greater amounts of proteins than healthy subjects to maximally stimulate MPS. Since unneccesary amounts of amino acids could stimulate ureagenesis, toxins and acid production, it is urgent to obtain information on the optimal dose of proteins or amino acids/ketoacids to maximize MPS in this patients' population. In the meantime, the issue of maintaining muscle mass and function in dialysis-treated CKD patients needs not to be overlooked by the kidney community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Garibotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giacomo Garibotto
| | - Michela Saio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Aimasso
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi e Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi e Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi e Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Laudon
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi e Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
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