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Bose R, Sengupta M, Basu D, Jha S. The rolB-transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants exhibit upregulated ARF7 and ARF19 gene expression. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e414. [PMID: 35774625 PMCID: PMC9219009 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic locus B (rolB) is known to induce hairy roots along with triggering several physiological and morphological changes when present as a transgene. However, it is still unknown how this gene triggers these changes within the plant system. In this study, the effect of rolB in-planta, when present as a transgene, was assessed on the gene expression levels of auxin response factors (ARFs)-transcription factors which are key players in auxin-mediated responses. The goal was to uncover Auxin/ARF-driven transcriptional networks potentially active and working selectively, if any, in rolB transgenic background, which might potentially be associated with hairy root development. Hence, the approach involved establishing rolB-transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants, selecting ARFs (NtARFs) for context-relevance using bioinformatics followed by gene expression profiling. It was observed that out of the chosen NtARFs, NtARF7 and NtARF19 exhibited a consistent pattern of gene upregulation across organ types. In order to understand the significance of these selective gene upregulation, ontology-based transcriptional network maps of the differentially and nondifferentially expressed ARFs were constructed, guided by co-expression databases. The network maps suggested that NtARF7-NtARF19 might have major deterministic, underappreciated roles to play in root development in a rolB-transgenic background-as observed by higher number of "root-related" biological processes present as nodes compared to network maps for similarly constructed other non-differentially expressed ARFs. Based on the inferences drawn, it is hypothesized that rolB, when present as a transgene, might drive hairy root development by selective induction of NtARF7 and NtARF19, suggesting a functional link between the two, leading to the specialized and characteristic rolB-associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bose
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Debabrata Basu
- Division of Plant BiologyBose InstituteKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Sumita Jha
- Department of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataWest BengalIndia
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Lei T, Wang H, Li S, Cai X, Chen S, Cheng T, Shen J, Shi S, Zhou D. Comparison of Profiling of Hairy Root of Two Tibetan Medicinal Plants Przewalskia tangutica Maxim. and Anisodus tanguticus Maxim. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:516-527. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191127125842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tropane Alkaloids (TAs) are important drugs for curing many diseases in the
medical industry.
Methods:
To sustainably exploit TA resources in endangered traditional Tibetan herbs, the hairy root
(HR) systems of Przewalskia tangutica Maxim. and Anisodus tanguticus Maxim. were compared under
the same culture conditions.
Results:
The results indicated that both the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains and explants affected the
HR induction frequency, MSU440, A4 and LBA9402 strains could induce hairy roots following infection
of cotyledon and hypocotyl of A. tanguticus while LBA9402 could not induce HR on either explants
of P. tangutica. The efficiency of LBA9402 was higher than A4 and MSU440 on A. tanguticus
and A4 was better strain than MSU440 on P. tangutica. The hypocotyl explant was more suitable for
P.tangutica and cotyledon explant was better for A.tangutica with a transformation frequency of 33.3%
(P. tangutica) and 82.5% (A. tanguticus), respectively. In a flask reactor system, both the growth
curves of HR for two species both appeared to be “S” curve; however, the HR of P. tangutica grew
more rapidly than that of A. tanguticus, and the latter accumulated more biomass than the former. As
the culture volume increased, the HR proliferation coefficient of both the species increased. HPLC
analysis results showed that the content of TAs in the HR of P. tangutica was 257.24mg/100g·DW,
which was more than that of A. tanguticus HR (251.08mg/100g·DW), and the anisodamine in the Pt-
HR was significantly higher than that in At-HR. Moreover, tropane alkaloids in the HR of the two species
were all significantly higher than that of the roots of aseptic seedlings.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that HR of P. tangutica and A. tanguticus both could provide a useful
platform for sustainable utilization of two Tibetan medicinal plants in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in
the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Tibetan Medicine Center, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Songling Li
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Cai
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Tingfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianwei Shen
- Tibetan Medicine Center, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Shengbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Dangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
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Bahramnejad B, Naji M, Bose R, Jha S. A critical review on use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and their associated binary vectors for plant transformation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107405. [PMID: 31185263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes, along with A. tumefaciens, has been used to affect genetic transformation in plants for many years. Detailed studies conducted in the past have uncovered the basic mechanism of foreign gene transfer and the implication of Ri/Ti plasmids in this process. A number of reviews exist describing the usage of binary vectors with A. tumefaciens, but no comprehensive account of the numerous binary vectors employed with A. rhizogenes and their successful applications has been published till date. In this review, we recollect a brief history of development of Ri-plasmid/Ri-T-DNA based binary vectors systems and their successful implementation with A. rhizogenes for different applications. The modification of native Ri plasmid to introduce foreign genes followed by development of binary vector using Ri plasmid and how it facilitated rapid and feasible genetic manipulation, earlier impossible with native Ri plasmid, have been discussed. An important milestone was the development of inducible plant expressing promoter systems which made expression of toxic genes in plant systems possible. The successful application of binary vectors in conjunction with A. rhizogenes in gene silencing and genome editing studies which are relatively newer developments, demonstrating the amenability and adaptability of hairy roots systems to make possible studying previously intractable research areas have been summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Bahramnejad
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Naji
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Rahul Bose
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Sumita Jha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
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Gilissen LJW, Ramulu KS, Flipse E, Meinen E, Stiekema WJ. Transformation of diploid potato genotypes throughAgrobacteriumvectors and expression of T-DNA markers in root clones, regenerated plants and suspension cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. W. Gilissen
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - K. Sree Ramulu
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - E. Flipse
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - E. Meinen
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - W. J. Stiekema
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Gilissen LJW, Bronsema FBF, De Vries-Uijtewaal E, Van Staveren MJ, Kieft H, Schel JHN. Structure and physiology of the development of roots from microcalli of leaf protoplasts of Ri-transformed and wild typeNicotiana plumbaginifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. W. Gilissen
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - F. B. F. Bronsema
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Cytology and Morphology; Wageningen Agricultural University; Arboretumlaan 4 6703 BD Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - E. De Vries-Uijtewaal
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - M. J. Van Staveren
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - H. Kieft
- Department of Plant Cytology and Morphology; Wageningen Agricultural University; Arboretumlaan 4 6703 BD Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - J. H. N. Schel
- Department of Plant Cytology and Morphology; Wageningen Agricultural University; Arboretumlaan 4 6703 BD Wageningen The Netherlands
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Cytogenetic characterization of Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed root lines of Rauvolfia serpentina. THE NUCLEUS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-014-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Majumdar S, Garai S, Jha S. Genetic transformation of Bacopa monnieri by wild type strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes stimulates production of bacopa saponins in transformed calli and plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:941-954. [PMID: 21350825 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient transformation system for Bacopa monnieri, an important Indian medicinal plant, using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains LBA 9402 and A4. Transformed roots induced by strain LBA 9402 spontaneously dedifferentiated to callus while excised roots induced by strain A4 spontaneously showed induction of shoot buds within 10 days. PCR and RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence and expression of the rolAB and rolC genes at the transcription level in pRi A4 transformed cultures indicating that the TL-DNA was integrated retained and expressed in the A4-Ri transformed shoots. Transformed calli showed the presence of rolAB or rol A, TR and ags genes. Transformed plants showed morphological features typically seen in transgenic plants produced by A. rhizogenes. Growth and biomass accumulation was significantly higher in the transformed shoots (twofold) and roots (fourfold) than in the non-transformed (WT) plants. In pRi A4-transformed plants, the content of bacopasaponin D, bacopasaponin F, bacopaside II and bacopaside V was enhanced significantly as compared to WT plants of similar age while bacoside A3 and bacopasaponin C content was comparable with that of WT plants. Significant increase in content of five bacopa saponins could be detected in pRi 9402-transformed callus cultures. There is an overall stimulatory effect on accumulation of bacopa saponins in transformed plants and cells of B. monnieri establishing the role of endogenous elicitation by Ri T-DNA of A. rhizogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Majumdar
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
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Lü D, Cao X, Tang S, Tian X. Regeneration of foreign genes co-transformed plants of Medicago sativa L by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 43:387-94. [PMID: 18726342 DOI: 10.1007/bf02879303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/1999] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene encoding sulphur amino acid-rich protein (HNP) and rol genes were transferred into Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) mediated by Agrobacterium tumafeciens. Regeneration of transgenic plants was induced successfully from hairy root tissue of cotyledon in alfalfa. Cotyledon tissues were an ideally transformed recipient. There was a negative correlation between age of hairy roots and embryogenesis frequency in alfalfa. Production of co-transformed plants with greater yield and super quality was important for development of new alfalfa varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lü
- Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bandyopadhyay M, Jha S, Tepfer D. Changes in morphological phenotypes and withanolide composition of Ri-transformed roots of Withania somnifera. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:599-609. [PMID: 17103214 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental variability was introduced into Withania somnifera using genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, with the aim of changing withasteroid production. Inoculation of W. somnifera with A. rhizogenes strains LBA 9402 and A4 produced typical transformed root lines, transformed callus lines, and rooty callus lines with simultaneous root dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. These morphologically distinct transformed lines varied in T-DNA content, growth rates, and withasteroid accumulation. All of the lines with the typical transformed root morphology contained the T(L) T-DNA, and 90% of them carried the T(R) T-DNA, irrespective of the strain used for infection. Accumulation of withaferin A was maximum (0.44% dry weight) in the transformed root line WSKHRL-1. This is the first detection of withaferin A in the roots of W. somnifera. All of the rooty callus lines induced by strain A4 contained both the T(L) and the T(R)-DNAs. In contrast, 50% of the rooty-callus lines obtained with strain LBA 9402 contained only the T(R) T-DNA. All the rooty callus lines accumulated both withaferin A and withanolide D. The callusing lines induced by LBA 9402 lacked the T(L) T-DNA genes, while all the callusing lines induced by strain A4 contained the T(L) DNA. Four of these callus lines produced both withaferin A (0.15-0.21% dry weight) and withanolide D (0.08-0.11% dry weight), and they grew faster than the transformed root lines. This is the first report of the presence of withasteroids in undifferentiated callus cultures of W. somnifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maumita Bandyopadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
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Hong SB, Peebles CAM, Shanks JV, San KY, Gibson SI. Terpenoid indole alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rol ABC genes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:386-90. [PMID: 16261632 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have established Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures transgenic for the rol ABC genes from T(L)-DNA of the agropine-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. The rol ABC hairy root lines exhibit a wild-type hairy root syndrome in terms of growth and morphology on solid medium. However, they differ from wild-type hairy root lines in that they more frequently have excellent adaptability to liquid medium and do not appear to form calli during cultivation. Moreover, they do not produce detectable levels of mannopine and agropine which, in contrast, are often synthesized abundantly in wild-type hairy root lines. The absence of these opines does not appear to cause the rol ABC lines to have higher levels of terpenoid indole alkaloids than wild-type hairy root lines. Unlike wild-type lines, rol ABC lines produce very similar levels of total alkaloids despite wide variations in individual alkaloid contents. This work demonstrates that the three genes rol ABC are sufficient to induce high-quality hairy roots in Catharanthus roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MS-140, 6100 Main St., Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Baranski R, Klocke E, Schumann G. Green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:190-7. [PMID: 16247612 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been applied effectively in carrot (Daucus carota L.) transformation. Carrot root discs were inoculated with A4, A4T, LBA1334 and LBA9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pBIN-m-gfp5-ER. The results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on GFP fluorescence with a very high accuracy. The method requires no selection agents like antibiotics or herbicides and enables a reduction of labour and time necessary for tissue culture. Moreover, individual transformants can be easily excised from the host tissue and cultured separately. All of the 12 used carrot cultivars produced transformed adventitious roots and the frequency of discs producing GFP expressing adventitious roots varied from 13 to 85%. The highest transformation rate was found for A4T and LBA1334 strains possessing chromosomal background of A. tumefaciens C58. The results encourage that visual selection of transformed, fluorescing adventitious roots can be highly effective and applied routinely for the production of carrot transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baranski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
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Hong SB, Peebles CAM, Shanks JV, San KY, Gibson SI. Expression of the Arabidopsis feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase holoenzyme and tryptophan decarboxylase genes in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. J Biotechnol 2006; 122:28-38. [PMID: 16188339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In plants, the indole pathway provides precursors for a variety of secondary metabolites. In Catharanthus roseus, a decarboxylated derivative of tryptophan, tryptamine, is a building block for the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. Previously, we manipulated the indole pathway by introducing an Arabidopsis feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) alpha subunit (trp5) cDNA and C. roseus tryptophan decarboxylase gene (TDC) under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter into C. roseus hairy roots [Hughes, E.H., Hong, S.-B., Gibson, S.I., Shanks, J.V., San, K.-Y. 2004a. Expression of a feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots provides evidence for tight regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 86, 718-727; Hughes, E.H., Hong, S.-B., Gibson, S.I., Shanks, J.V., San, K.-Y. 2004b. Metabolic engineering of the indole pathway in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots and increased accumulation of tryptamine and serpentine. Metabol. Eng. 6, 268-276]. Inducible expression of either or both transgenes did not lead to significant increases in overall alkaloid levels despite the considerable accumulation of tryptophan and tryptamine. In an attempt to more successfully engineer the indole pathway, a wild type Arabidopsis ASbeta subunit (ASB1) cDNA was constitutively expressed along with the inducible expression of trp5 and TDC in C. roseus hairy roots. Transgenic hairy roots expressing both trp5 and ASB1 show a significantly greater resistance to feedback inhibition of AS activity by tryptophan than plants expressing only trp5. In fact, a 4.5-fold higher concentration of tryptophan is required to achieve 50% inhibition of AS activity in plants overexpressing both genes than in plants expressing only trp5. In addition, upon a 3 day induction during the exponential phase, a trp5:ASB1 hairy root line produced 1.8 times more tryptophan (specific yield ca. 3.0 mg g(-1) dry weight) than the trp5 hairy root line. Concurrently, tryptamine levels increase up to 9-fold in the induced trp5:ASB1 line (specific yield ca. 1.9 mg g(-1) dry weight) as compared with only a 4-fold tryptamine increase in the induced trp5 line (specific yield ca. 0.3 mg g(-1) dry weight). However, endogenous TDC activities of both trp5:ASB1 and trp5 lines remain unchanged irrespective of induction. When TDC is ectopically expressed together with trp5 and ASB1, the induced trp5:ASB1:TDC hairy root line accumulates tryptamine up to 14-fold higher than the uninduced line. In parallel with the remarkable accumulation of tryptamine upon induction, alkaloid accumulation levels were significantly changed depending on the duration and dosage of induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MS-140, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Washida D, Shimomura K, Takido M, Kitanaka S. Auxins affected ginsenoside production and growth of hairy roots in Panax hybrid. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 27:657-60. [PMID: 15133240 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hairy roots of interspecific hybrid ginseng (Panax ginseng x P. quinquefolium), induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834, grew well in B5 liquid media supplemented with 2.5 microM auxins (3-indole butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA)). The hairy roots cultured in B5 liquid medium supplemented with 2.5 microM IBA showed best growth (6.39 g fresh weight per a flask, at week 8). The highest content of the total ginsenosides was 1.63% as dry weight at week 8 when cultured with 2.5 microM NAA. The different auxins affected the numbers and lateral branching roots. Especially, 2.5 microM IBA promoted the lateral root formation (43.7+/-4.0 roots, at week 8), and 2.5 microM NAA promoted the lateral root growth (45.3+/-5.6 mm, at week 8). The growth and ginsenosides production of 8-week old hairy roots cultured in B5 liquid media supplemented with IBA and NAA combinations were also investigated. Hairy roots produced higher amounts of ginsenosides in B5 liquid media supplemented with 0.5-1.0 microM IBA and NAA combinations than that cultured in B5 liquid media supplemented with only IBA and NAA. The highest yield of ginsenoside was obtained when cultured with 0.5 microM IBA and 1.0 microM IBA combination (6.38 mg per a flask, at week 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Washida
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
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Hughes EH, Hong SB, Gibson SI, Shanks JV, San KY. Expression of a feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots provides evidence for tight regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid levels. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 86:718-27. [PMID: 15137084 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Different plant species produce a variety of terpenoid indole alkaloids, which are of interest as plant defensive secondary metabolites and as valuable pharmaceuticals. Although significant progress has been made, the mechanisms regulating the levels of this important class of compounds require continued elucidation. Previous precursor feeding studies have indicated that alkaloid accumulation can be improved during the exponential growth phase of hairy root cultures through enhanced tryptophan availability. To test this relationship, transgenic hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus were established with a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter controlling the expression of an Arabidopsis feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha subunit. Enzyme assays demonstrated that the Arabidopsis alpha subunit is compatible with the native beta subunit and that anthranilate synthase activity is more resistant to tryptophan inhibition in induced than in uninduced extracts. The metabolic effects of expressing the feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha subunit were also dramatic. Over a 6-day induction period during the late exponential growth phase, tryptophan and tryptamine specific yields increased from almost undetectable levels to 2.5 mg/g dry weight and from 25 microg/g to 267 microg/g dry weight, respectively. The greater than 300-fold increase in tryptophan levels observed in these studies under certain induction conditions compares favorably with the fold increases obtained in previous constitutive expression studies. Despite the large increases in tryptophan and tryptamine, the levels of most terpenoid indole alkaloids were not significantly altered, with the exception of lochnericine, which increased 81% after a 3-day induction period. These results suggest that terpenoid indole alkaloid levels are tightly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Hughes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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Astragalus Species (Milk Vetch): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Saponins, Astragaline, and Other Biologically Active Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-08612-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Serino G, Clerot D, Brevet J, Costantino P, Cardarelli M. rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes cucumopine strain: sequence, effects and pattern of expression. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 26:415-22. [PMID: 7948887 DOI: 10.1007/bf00039550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By sequencing the central region of the cucumopine-type T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 2659, we identified three open reading frames homologous, to different extents, to ORFs 10, 11 and 12 (rolA, B and C) of the agropine-type (1855) T-DNA. Recombinant Agrobacterium strains encompassing the ORFs of 2659 T-DNA--which we refer to as rol alpha, beta and gamma--were utilized to infect carrot discs and to obtain transgenic tobacco plants, in order to compare the morphogenetic capabilities to those of the 1855 rol genes. Moreover, a long segment of the 5' non-coding region of rol alpha and rol beta was fused to the GUS reporter gene and the pattern of expression and the responsiveness to auxin of the constructs was analysed in transgenic tobacco. Differences in the auxin requirement for root induction between the 2659 rol genes and their respective 1855 counterparts were pinpointed. These differences are not due to gene regulation and presumably reflect functional differences in the proteins encoded. Differences were also observed in the pattern of expression of rol beta in roots of transgenic plants, as compared to rolB. In addition, the pattern of expression of rol alpha-GUS construct in roots was found to be analogous to that observed for a construct driven by two of the five regulatory domains of the rolB promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Serino
- Centro per lo Studio degli Acidi Nucleici, CNR, Roma, Italy
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20
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Phelep M, Petit A, Martin L, Duhoux E, Tempé J. Transformation and Regeneration of a Nitrogen-Fixing Tree, Allocasuarina Verticillata Lam. Nat Biotechnol 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0591-461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Croes AF, van den Berg AJ, Bosveld M, Breteler H, Wullems GJ. Thiophene accumulation in relation to morphology in roots of Tagetes patula : Effects of auxin and transformation by Agrobacterium. PLANTA 1989; 179:43-50. [PMID: 24201420 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/1988] [Accepted: 03/09/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Roots of marigold (Tagetes patula L.) accumulate thiophenes, heterocyclic sulfurous compounds with strong biocidal activity. In detached roots cultured in vitro, the thiophene content was 5 μmol·(g fresh weight)(-1) which is 25-times higher than in roots attached to the plant. In roots derived from tissues transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, the morphology and thiophene content varied with the bacterial strain used. Transformation stimulated the elongation of the root tips and the formation of lateral roots but lowered the thiophene level to 20-50% relative to the concentration in untransformed detached roots. A negative correlation was found between the number of laterals in a root system and the thiophene content. Extensive branching and a decrease in thiophene accumulation was evoked in untransformed roots by indole-3-acetic acid (1-10 μmol·l(-1)) added to the medium. Within the roots, the highest thiophene concentrations were found in the tips. The results indicate that auxin directly or indirectly plays a role in the regulation of the thiophene level in root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Croes
- NOVAPLANT Cell Biotechnology Group, Department of Experimental Botany, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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de Vries-Uijtewaal E, Gilissen LJ, Flipse E, Sree Ramulu K, Stiekema WJ, de Groot B. Fate of introduced genetic markers in transformed root clones and regenerated plants of monohaploid and diploid potato genotypes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1989; 78:185-93. [PMID: 24227143 DOI: 10.1007/bf00288798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/1989] [Accepted: 02/15/1989] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium transformation of stem internodes of four monohaploid (839-79, 849-7, 851-23, 855-1) and two diploid (M9 and HH260) potato genotypes using hairy root-inducing single (LBA 1020, LBA 9365, LBA 9402) and binary (LBA 1060KG) vectors is reported. Various media and successive culture steps were tested for plant regeneration from different transformed root clones. The fate of introduced genetic markers in root clones and regenerated plants (hairy root phenotype, hormone autotrophy, opine production, kanamycin resistance, β-glucuronidase activity), the ploidy stability and protoplast yield were analysed. The transformation efficiency of stem internodes (hairy root production) and the regeneration capacity of the transformed root clones greatly differed within and between the various potato genotypes. The regenerated plants obtained after transformation with both types of vectors often showed the absence of one or more genetic markers. However, transformation with the binary Agrobacterium vector generally resulted in the stable presence of the opines in all transformed root clones and most regenerated plants. In HH260, transformation efficiency, plant regeneration of transformed root clones, protoplast yield and ploidy stability were the highest as compared to the other genotypes. The application of these transformed plants as marker lines in gene mapping and gene expression studies is indicated.
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23
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Thomas JC, Guiltinan MJ, Bustos S, Thomas T, Nessler C. Carrot (Daucus carota) hypocotyl transformation usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1989; 8:354-357. [PMID: 24233274 DOI: 10.1007/bf00716672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/1989] [Revised: 06/14/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Daucus carota hypocotyl sections were transformed withAgrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing CaMV 35S promoter, β-glucuronidase coding sequence and the nopaline synthase (Nos) poly adenylation sequences in Bin 19. Sliced sterile seedling hypocotyl segments were preincubated for 2 days, co-cultivated withAgrobacterium for an additional 2 days, and then transferred to medium containing 100ug/ml of kanamycin and 400ug/ml carbenicillin. In 6 weeks kanamycin resistant calli were obtained in 5.8% of the explants from one variety. Calli were subcultured on solid medium, and in 4 weeks introduced into suspension culture. NPTII and Southern blot analysis confirmed that three selected lines were transformed with 1-3 copies of the GUSII construction. GUS activity in transformants was 5 to 250 fold over background.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA
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24
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Capone I, Cardarelli M, Trovato M, Costantino P. Upstream non-coding region which confers polar expression to Ri plasmid root inducing gene rolB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00334362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Combard A, Baucher MF. A common organization of the T-DNA genes expressed in plant hairy roots induced by different plasmids of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1988; 10:499-509. [PMID: 24277622 DOI: 10.1007/bf00033605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/1987] [Accepted: 02/12/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The recently described pathogenic plasmid from Agrobacterium rhizogenes 2659 induces "hairy root" proliferation in infected plants which synthesize a new opine type, provisionally called cucumopine. The T-DNA restriction site map of 2659 differs from other pRi T-DNAs, i.e., mannopine and agropine. However all these three different T-DNAs have a similar organization as detected through hybridization. This, previously shown by our cross-hybridization studies between mannopine and agropine pRi T-DNAs, is here extended to the cucumopine pRi T-DNA; each of the three pRi T-DNA is composed of successive DNA regions that would find actual counterparts in the two other T-DNAs. Equivalence of DNA regions is suggested by their similar length, location and organization in the three T-DNAs and by their sequence homology substantial enough to be reproducibly cross-hybridized in all our experiments. This suggests that the three pRi T-DNAs share most of their functions. This was sought by analysing the pRi 2659 T-DNA gene expression in transformed plant tissues. The mRNA species observed in pRi 2659 carrot hairy roots of in vitro cultures give a pattern that is rather unvariable and resembles those described for some agropine type pRi transformant tissues. This transcript pattern is consistent with the preservation in the pRi 2659 T-DNA of counterparts of most of the open reading frames detected in the TL-DNA of agropine type pRis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Combard
- Institut de Microbiologie, Université Paris Sud, Bât. 409, 91405, Orsay Cédex, France
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26
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Levesque H, Delepelaire P, Rouzé P, Slightom J, Tepfer D. Common evolutionary origin of the central portions of the Ri TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the Ti T-DNAs of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1988; 11:731-744. [PMID: 24272624 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/1988] [Accepted: 08/02/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of published sequences for Ri TL-DNA (root-inducing left-hand transferred DNA) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes revealed several unsuspected structural features. First, Ri TL-DNA genes are redundant. Using redundancy as a criterion, three regions (left, middle and right) were discerned. The left one, ORFs (open reading frames) 1-7, contains no detectable redundancy. In the middle region a highly diverged gene family was detected in ORFs 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14. The right region contains an apparently recent duplication (ORF 15 =18+17). We interpret the phenomenon of redundancy, particularly in the central region that encodes the transformed phenotype, to be an adaptation that ensures function in a variety of host species. Comparison of Ri TL-DNA and Ti T-DNAs from Agrobacterium tumefaciens revealed common structures, unpredicted by previous nucleic acid hybridization studies. Ri TL-DNA ORF 8 is a diverged Ti T-DNA tms1. Both Agrobacterium genes consist of a member of the diverged gene family detected in the central part of the Ri TL-DNA, but fused to a sequence similar to iaaM of Pseudomonas savastonoi. Other members of this gene family were found scattered throughout Ti T-DNA. We argue that the central region of Ri and the part of Ti T-DNA including ORFs 5-10 evolved from a common ancestor. We present the hypothesis that the gene family encodes functions that alter developmental plasticity in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Levesque
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Rhizosphère, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78000, Versailles, France
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27
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Brevet J, Tempé J. Homology mapping of T-DNA regions on three Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmids by electron microscope heteroduplex studies. Plasmid 1988; 19:75-83. [PMID: 2843937 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(88)90046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant plasmids carrying segments of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA regions of the three Ri plasmids 1855 (TL-DNA only), 8196, and 2659 were used for establishing homology maps by electron microscope examination of heteroduplexes. Plasmid DNA was linearized by digestion with suitable restriction endonucleases in order to generate large T-DNA segments. Heteroduplexes were prepared in 50% formamide and spread under standard conditions. Measurements of double and single strands allowed the drawing of homology maps. The three T-DNAs share mainly two homologous sequences of respectively about 2.5 and 1.5 kb, bracketing a largely nonhomologous central part which is about 5.5 kb long. The T-DNAs from pRi1855 and pRi2659 appear to be more related to each other than to that of pRi8196. With reference to the published nucleotide sequence of the TL-DNA of pRiA4 (probably identical to that of pRi1855), ORFs 8 and 14 seem to be the most conserved sequences of the three T-DNAs. The significance of these conserved sequences is unclear since the genetic loci involved in rhizogenicity of agropine strains identified previously are located in nonhomologous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brevet
- Institut de Microbiologie, UA 136-CNRS/GRIMP-INRA Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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28
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Chriqui D, David C, Adam S. Effect of the differentiated or dedifferentiated state of tobacco pith tissue on its behaviour after inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1988; 7:111-114. [PMID: 24241545 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/1987] [Revised: 12/08/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Nicotiana tabacum (cv. Wisconsin 38) pith tissue to give rise to transformed roots after inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (agropine type strain 1855) has been examined in relation to its state of differentiation. In young plants, all the stem tissues are able to initiate transformed roots while pith of adult plants does not react. Mature pith, composed mostly of polyploid and non-dividing cells, is able to recover susceptibility when placed in vitro on a medium containing auxin and kinetin. The optimal production of transformed roots is obtained after 6-10 days, when proliferating cells redifferentiated "cambial-like" layers and tracheids. The relationships between the inability of fully differentiated pith to give rise to roots and the underlying cell states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chriqui
- Laboratoire de Cytologie expérimentale et morphogenèse végétale, Université P. M. Curie, Bât. N2, 4, place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris cédex 05, France
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29
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Hamill JD, Prescott A, Martin C. Assessment of the efficiency of cotransformation of the T-DNA of disarmed binary vectors derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the T-DNA of A. rhizogenes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1987; 9:573-584. [PMID: 24277194 DOI: 10.1007/bf00020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/1987] [Accepted: 08/24/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Co-transfer of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA and T-DNA from the A. tumefaciens binary vector pBin19 (Bevan, 1984) was studied in detail using Nicotiana rustica. High frequencies of co-transfer of T-DNA's were observed, even when no selection pressure was exerted. Increased levels of pBin19 T-DNA were found in hairy root cultures with selection at higher levels of kanamycin sulphate (50-200 μg ml(-1)). Several other species were also transformed by A. rhizogenes carrying pBin19 and A. rhizogenes harbouring a different binary factor, pAGS125 (Van den Elzen et al., 1985), was used to transform N. rustica hairy roots to confer hygromycin B resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hamill
- Dept. of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research (Norwich Laboratory), Colney Lane, NR4 7UA, Norwich, UK
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30
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Cardarelli M, Mariotti D, Pomponi M, Spanò L, Capone I, Costantino P. Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes capable of inducing hairy root phenotype. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1987; 209:475-80. [PMID: 17193709 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Segments of the TL-DNA of the agropine type Ri plasmid pRi 1855 encompassing single and groups of open-reading frames were cloned in the Ti plasmid-derived binary vector system Bin 19. Leaf disc infections on Nicotiana tabacum led to transformed plants, some of which showed typical hairy root phenotypes, such as the wrinkled leaf morphology, excessive and partially non geotropic root systems and the ability of leaf explants to differentiate roots in a hormone-free culture medium. Particularly interestingly, most of these traits were shown by plants transformed with a TL-DNA segment encompassing the single ORF 11, corresponding to the rolB locus. Hairy root can be induced by this latter T-DNA segment on wounded stems of tobacco plants; hairy root induction on carrot discs requires, on the contrary, a more complex complement of TL-DNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cardarelli
- Centro per lo Studio degli Acidi Nucleici, CNR, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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32
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Cardarelli M, Spanò L, Mariotti D, Mauro ML, Van Sluys MA, Costantino P. The role of auxin in hairy root induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00328139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Combard A. Homology studies demonstrate colinear organization of the transferred regions of plasmids pRi 1855 and pRi 8196 from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plasmid 1987; 17:137-48. [PMID: 3615659 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(87)90019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes, a pathogenic bacterium determining for hairy-root tumors in plants, acts by insertion of a fragment (T-DNA) of its Ri plasmid into the plant nuclear DNA. Two A. rhizogenes strains, pRi 1855 and pRi 8196, responsible for similar disease symptoms, differ when compared at the structural level. However, some morphogenetic loci previously identified by insertion mutagenesis in either one of the two T-DNAs seem physiologically equivalent. The possibility that these morphogenetic loci are structurally similar was tested by cross-hybridization studies. Our data allow establishment of an unequivocal correspondence between the two T-DNA maps where apparently equivalent morphogenic loci occupy similar positions which suggests that the observed structural homologies also reflect physiological similarities between both T-DNAs.
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34
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Spanò L, Mariotti D, Pezzotti M, Damiani F, Arcioni S. Hairy root transformation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1987; 73:523-30. [PMID: 24241108 DOI: 10.1007/bf00289189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1986] [Accepted: 10/28/1986] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The widely cultivated forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was transformed with the agropine type Agrobacterium rhizogenes NCPPB 1855. Sterile root and callus cultures were derived from tumorous hairy roots which were easily obtained independent of the plant variety or genotype. Plant regeneration, via somatic embryogenesis, was achieved only when a selected alfalfa line, characterized by high regenerative capability, was utilized. Genetic transformation was confirmed by the presence of agropine and T-DNA. Phenotypic alterations, mainly affecting the root system, were observed in transformed plants. The possibility that T-DNA-induced variations could be useful in the improvement of M. sativa is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spanò
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro, 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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35
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36
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Filetici P, Spanò L, Costantino P. Conserved regions in the T-DNA of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes root-inducing plasmids. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1987; 9:19-26. [PMID: 24276794 DOI: 10.1007/bf00017983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/1986] [Revised: 03/13/1987] [Accepted: 03/23/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The T-regions of the three so far identified types of Ri plasmids-corresponding to the synthesis of three different hairy root opines, agropine, mannopine and cucumopine-have been compared in detail by Southern blot cross hybridizations. Two distinct zones of very strong sequence homology, approximately 4 and 3 kilobases in length respectively, have been identified in all three T-regions. The highly conserved sequences, not present in Ti plasmid T-DNA, may encode essential rhizogenic functions common to all Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Filetici
- Centro per lo Studio degli Acidi Nucleici, C.N.R., Roma, Italy
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37
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Vilaine F, Casse-Delbart F. Independent induction of transformed roots by the TL and TR regions of the Ri plasmid of agropine type Agrobacterium rhizogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00326531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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