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Wang Y, Xiang Q, Zhou Q, Xu J, Pei D. Mini Review: Advances in 2-Haloacid Dehalogenases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758886. [PMID: 34721367 PMCID: PMC8554231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-haloacid dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.X) are industrially important enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds in 2-haloalkanoic acids, releasing halogen ions and producing corresponding 2-hydroxyl acids. These enzymes are of particular interest in environmental remediation and environmentally friendly synthesis of optically pure chiral compounds due to their ability to degrade a wide range of halogenated compounds with astonishing efficiency for enantiomer resolution. The 2-haloacid dehalogenases have been extensively studied with regard to their biochemical characterization, protein crystal structures, and catalytic mechanisms. This paper comprehensively reviews the source of isolation, classification, protein structures, reaction mechanisms, biochemical properties, and application of 2-haloacid dehalogenases; current trends and avenues for further development have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayue Wang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qiao Xiang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Tuoyang Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongli Pei
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
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Martins TM, Núñez O, Gallart-Ayala H, Leitão MC, Galceran MT, Silva Pereira C. New branches in the degradation pathway of monochlorocatechols by Aspergillus nidulans: a metabolomics analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 268:264-72. [PMID: 24509097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A collective view of the degradation of monochlorocatechols in fungi is yet to be attained, though these compounds are recognised as key degradation intermediates of numerous chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, including monochlorophenols. In the present contribution we have analysed the degradation pathways of monochlorophenols in Aspergillus nidulans using essentially metabolomics. Degradation intermediates herein identified included those commonly reported (e.g. 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate) but also compounds never reported before in fungi revealing for 4-chlorocatechol and for 3-chlorocatechol unknown degradation paths yielding 3-chlorodienelactone and catechol, respectively. A different 3-chlorocatechol degradation path led to accumulation of 2-chloromuconates (a potential dead-end), notwithstanding preliminary evidence of chloromuconolactones and protoanemonin simultaneous formation. In addition, some transformation intermediates, of which sulfate conjugates of mono-chlorophenols/chlorocatechols were the most common, were also identified. This study provides critical information for understanding the role of fungi in the degradation of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons; furthering their utility in the development of innovative bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Oscar Núñez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Leitão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Galceran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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3
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Novel insights into the fungal oxidation of monoaromatic and biarylic environmental pollutants by characterization of two new ring cleavage enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5043-53. [PMID: 23400446 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The phenol-degrading yeast Trichosporon mucoides can oxidize and detoxify biarylic environmental pollutants such as dibenzofuran, diphenyl ether and biphenyl by ring cleavage. The degradation pathways are well investigated, but the enzymes involved are not. The high similarity of hydroxylated biphenyl derivatives and phenol raised the question if the enzymes of the phenol degradation are involved in ring cleavage or whether specific enzymes are necessary. Purification of enzymes from T. mucoides with catechol cleavage activity demonstrated the existence of three different enzymes: a classical catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (CDO), not able to cleave the aromatic ring system of 3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl, and two novel enzymes with a high affinity towards 3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl. The comparison of the biochemical characteristics and mass spectrometric sequence data of these three enzymes demonstrated that they have different substrate specificities. CDO catalyzes the ortho-cleavage of dihydroxylated monoaromatic compounds, while the two novel enzymes carry out a similar reaction on biphenyl derivatives. The ring fission of 3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl by the purified enzymes results in the formation of (5-oxo-3-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetic acid. These results suggest that the ring cleavage enzymes catalyzing phenol degradation are not involved in the ring cleavage of biarylic compounds by this yeast, although some intermediates of the phenol metabolism may function as inducers.
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Tobajas M, Monsalvo VM, Mohedano AF, Rodriguez JJ. Enhancement of cometabolic biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol induced with phenol and glucose as carbon sources by Comamonas testosteroni. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 95 Suppl:S116-S121. [PMID: 20970917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The biological degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by Comamonas testosteroni CECT 326T has been studied. Phenol and 4-CP were treated alone as a sole carbon and energy source, but only phenol was completely degraded by C. testosteroni. Since the presence of cosubstrates can enhance the toxic compounds removal by pure cultures, phenol and glucose were added as growth substrates for cometabolic transformation of 4-CP. High efficiencies were obtained in all the experiments carried out in presence of both cosubstrates. In spite of the fact that the addition of glucose reduced the lag phase of 4-CP removal, lower phenol concentrations were required to obtain the same degradation efficiencies. The cometabolic transformation of 4-CP was closely related with the extent of phenol removal. The values of the 4-CP/biomass concentration ratio (S/X) obtained for discriminating between complete (S/X ≤ 0.11) and partial 4-CP (S/X ≥ 0.31) transformation showed a narrower range than that reported in the literature. The extent of the cometabolic 4-CP transformation in the presence of phenol could be further enhanced by using glucose as an additional carbon and energy source. However, no significant influence of glucose concentration on 4-CP removal was observed over the concentration range studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Tobajas
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Ahuatzi-chac�n D, Ordorica-morales G, Ruiz-ordaz N, Cristiani-urbina E, Ju�rez-ram�rez C, Gal�ndez-mayer J. Kinetic study of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase biosynthesis by Candida tropicalis cells grown on different phenolic substrates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-2622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lalah JO, Schramm KW, Henkelmann B, Lenoir D, Behechti A, Günther K, Kettrup A. The dissipation, distribution and fate of a branched 14C-nonylphenol isomer in lake water/sediment systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2003; 122:195-203. [PMID: 12531307 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A single tertiary isomer which is believed to be one of the major branched isomers of the isomeric nonylphenol was synthesized for use in investigations on its metabolism and estrogenicity in aquatic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the isomer were determined to enable the prediction of its behaviour in aquatic environments. From laboratory investigations on its dissipation and distribution in lake water, which are reported in this paper, it was found that it had a half-life of dissipation of 38.1 days and 20.1 days in an open lake water and in an open lake water/ sediment system, respectively, and to be rapidly partitioned in to sediment giving a high concentration factor of 1.76 after 28 days with an initial dose concentration of 2.52 ppm. The main dissipation route was found to occur through volatilization and co-distillation. The isomer was, however, found to be resistant to biodegradation in both the lake water and sediment, showing only a slight 9% loss (after 56 days) and 4.2% loss (after 28 days), of the 14C-residues in lake water and lake water/sediment systems, respectively, by microbial activity. Transformation to other more polar metabolites possibly by hydroxylation was also found to be minimal in both lake water and sediment samples after 14 days by HPLC analysis. After 7 days, only 2.25 and 7.4% transformation to a more polar metabolite was detected in lake water and sediment samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Lalah
- Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, PO Box 333, Maseno, Kenya.
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Hao OJ, Kim MH, Seagren EA, Kim H. Kinetics of phenol and chlorophenol utilization by Acinetobacter species. CHEMOSPHERE 2002; 46:797-807. [PMID: 11922060 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although microbial transformations via cometabolism have been widely observed, the few available kinetic models of cometabolism have not adequately addressed the case of inhibition from both the growth and nongrowth substrates. The present study investigated the degradation kinetics of self-inhibitory growth (phenol) and nongrowth (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP) substrates, present individually and in combination. Specifically, batch experiments were performed using an Acinetobacter isolate growing on phenol alone and with 4-CP present. In addition, batch experiments were also performed to evaluate the transformation of 4-CP by resting, phenol-induced Acinetobacter cultures. The Haldane kinetic model adequately predicted the biodegradation of phenol alone, although a slight discrepancy was noted in cases of higher initial phenol concentrations. Similarly, a Haldane model for substrate utilization was also able to describe the trends in 4-CP transformation by the resting cell cultures. The 4-CP transformation by the Acinetobacter species growing on phenol was modeled using a competitive kinetic model of cometabolism, which included growth and nongrowth substrate inhibition and cross-inhibition terms. Excellent agreement was obtained between the model predictions using experimentally estimated parameter values and the experimental data for the synchronous disappearance of phenol and 4-CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
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Schultz A, Jonas U, Hammer E, Schauer F. Dehalogenation of chlorinated hydroxybiphenyls by fungal laccase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:4377-81. [PMID: 11526052 PMCID: PMC93176 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.9.4377-4381.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the transformation of chlorinated hydroxybiphenyls by laccase produced by Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. The compounds used were transformed to sparingly water-soluble colored precipitates which were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as oligomerization products of the chlorinated hydroxybiphenyls. During oligomerization of 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobiphenyl and 3-chloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl, dechlorinated C---C-linked dimers were formed, demonstrating the dehalogenation ability of laccase. In addition to these nonhalogenated dimers, both monohalogenated and dihalogenated dimers were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schultz
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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A novel extractive membrane bioreactor for treating biorefractory organic pollutants in the presence of high concentrations of inorganics: application to a synthetic acidic effluent containing high concentrations of chlorophenol and salt. J Memb Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Bock M, Kneifel H, Schoberth SM, Sahm H. Reduction of halogenated derivatives of benzoic acid to the corresponding alcohols byDesulfovibrio vulgaris PY1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Dependence of the conversion of chlorophenols by rhodococci on the number and position of chlorine atoms in the aromatic ring. Microbiology (Reading) 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02757255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Hofmann K, Hammer E. Anaerobic formation and degradation of toxic aromatic compounds in agricultural and communal sewage deposits. CHEMOSPHERE 1999; 38:2561-2568. [PMID: 10204237 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Relatively high concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, phenylacetic acid and other aromatic compounds were found in agricultural and communal sewage deposits. These toxic aromatic compounds are products of the bacterial degradation of aromatic amino acids under anaerobic conditions. In laboratory experiments at 26 degrees C and under N2-atmosphere, the same aromatics were formed from the amino acid tyrosine and from gelatine in assays inoculated with sewage sludge. After exhaustion of tyrosine and gelatine, respectively, concentrations of the accumulated phenol and other aromatics remained stable for months, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, phenylacetic acid etc. are dead-end products of the bacterial metabolism under these conditions. After addition of sodium nitrate the aromatic compounds are metabolically decomposed by denitrification within weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hofmann
- URST Umwelt- und Rohstoff-Technologie GmbH Greifswald
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Marr J, Kremer S, Sterner O, Anke H. Transformation and mineralization of halophenols by Penicillium simplicissimum SK9117. Biodegradation 1996; 7:165-71. [PMID: 8882808 DOI: 10.1007/bf00114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of monohalophenols by Penicillium simplicissimum SK9117, isolated from a sewage plant was investigated. In submerged cultures, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, and 4-bromophenol were metabolized in the presence of phenol. 3-Chlorophenol was transformed to chlorohydroquinone, 4-chlorocatechol, 4-chloro-1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and 5-chloro-1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene. With 4-chlorophenol only 4-chlorocatechol was observed as transient product. A release of chloride ions was not observed. Whereas monobromo-, and monochlorophenols could not support growth as sole carbon and energy source, growth and release of fluoride ions were observed with monofluorophenols as substrates. In presence of phenol, the degradation of all monofluorophenols was enhanced. Substrate and cosubstrate disappeared simultaneously. 3-Fluorophenol and 4-fluorophenol were completely mineralized as shown by the equimolar release of fluoride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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14
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Hammer E, Kneifel H, Hofmann K, Schauer F. Enhanced excretion of intermediates of aromatic amino acid catabolism during chlorophenol degradation due to nutrient limitation in the yeast Candida maltosa. J Basic Microbiol 1996; 36:239-43. [PMID: 8765083 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620360406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of phenol-induced cells of the yeast Candida maltosa SBUG 700 with mono- and dichlorophenols resulted in the formation of metabolites of the substrates and of further metabolites not related to the degradation pathway of the substrates. These additional compounds, identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), phenylacetic acid (PA), indolylacetic acid (IA) and indolylethanol (i.e.) by means of HPLC and GC/MS, were not excreted in incubation experiments with glucose. The excretion of these metabolites of aromatic amino acid metabolism is not caused by toxic effects of the phenol derivatives, but seems to be a result of carbon and nitrogen starvation of yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hammer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany.
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Corti A, Frassinetti S, Vallini G, D'Antone S, Fichi C, Solaro R. Biodegradation of nonionic surfactants. I. Biotransformation of 4-(1-nonyl)phenol by a Candida maltosa isolate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1995; 90:83-87. [PMID: 15091504 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(94)00080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1994] [Accepted: 09/19/1994] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Results are reported concerning biodegradation of 4-(1-nonyl)phenol by cultures of a Candida maltosa strain isolated from aerobic sludge samples collected at a depuration plant treating wastewaters from a textile industry. The yeast was able to utilize 4-(1-nonyl)phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. Preliminary attempts to draw the actual metabolic pathway evidenced microbial attack on the alkyl chain with the production of 4-acetylphenol. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report describing a microorganism capable of attacking nonylphenol in axenic culture and at the same time allowing for the identification of its degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corti
- CNR (National Research Council), Soil Microbiology Centre, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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