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Calarnou L, Vigouroux E, Thollas B, Le Grand F, Mounier J. Screening for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cerebrosides in fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae030. [PMID: 38323436 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate fatty acid, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and cerebroside production of a large diversity of fungi from the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota phyla. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-nine fungal strains were grown in Kavadia medium using a microcultivation system, i.e. Duetz microtiter plates. Following cultivation, fatty acid and cerebroside contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), respectively. Mucoromycota fungi appeared as the most promising candidates for omega-6 PUFA production. The best omega-6 producer, including γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), was Mucor fragilis UBOCC-A109196 with a concentration of 647 mg L-1 total omega-6 PUFA (representing 35% of total fatty acids) and 225 mg L-1 GLA (representing 12% of total fatty acids). Arachidonic acid concentration (20:4n-6) was the highest in Mortierella alpina UBOCC-A-112046, reaching 255 mg L-1 and 18.56% of total fatty acids. Interestingly, several fungal strains were shown to produce omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, Torulaspora delbrueckii strains accumulated palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) up to 20% of total fatty acids, reaching 114 mg L-1 in T. delbrueckii UBOCC-A-214128, while C. elegans UBOCC-A-102008 produced mainly paullinic acid (20:1n-7) with concentrations up to 100 mg L-1. Concerning cerebroside production, HPTLC appeared as a relevant approach for their detection and quantification. Promising candidates belonging to the Mucoromycota phylum were found, especially in the Absidia genus with A. spinosa UBOCC-A-101332 as the best producer (12.7 mg L-1). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted PUFA and cerebroside production in a large diversity of fungi and the fact that members of the Mucoromycota phylum are good producers of PUFA as well as cerebrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Calarnou
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Estelle Vigouroux
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Bertrand Thollas
- Polymaris Biotechnology, 160 rue Pierre Rivoalon, 29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Jérôme Mounier
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Castañeda MT, Nuñez S, Jamilis M, De Battista H. Computational assessment of lipid production in Rhodosporidium toruloides in two-stage and one-stage batch bioprocesses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:238-249. [PMID: 37902687 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts are promising platforms for microbial lipids production as a renewable and sustainable alternative to vegetable oils in biodiesel production. In this paper, a thorough in silico assessment of lipid production in batch cultivation by Rhodosporidium toruloides was developed. By means of dynamic flux balance analysis, the traditional two-stage bioprocess (TSB) performed by the native strain was contrasted with one-stage bioprocess (OSB) using four designed strains obtained by gene knockout strategies. Lipid titer, yield, content, and productivity were analyzed at different initial C/N ratios as relevant performance indicators used in bioprocesses. By weighting these indicators, a global lipid efficiency metric (GLEM) was defined to consider different scenarios. Under simulated conditions, designed strains for lipid overproduction in OSB outperformed the TSB in terms of lipid title (up to threefold), lipid yield (up to 2.4-fold), lipid content (up to 2.8-fold, with a maximum of 76%), and productivity (up to 1.3-fold), depending on C/N ratios. Using these efficiency parameters and the proposed GLEM, the process of selecting the most suitable candidates for lipid production could be carried out before experimental assays. This methodology holds the potential to be extended to other oleaginous microorganisms and diverse strain design techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresita Castañeda
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Nuñez
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín Jamilis
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán De Battista
- Grupo de Control Aplicado (GCA), Instituto LEICI, UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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3
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Fungi (Mold)-Based Lipid Production. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31148121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of alternative energy sources with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and striving toward a sustainable economy. Bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the primary choices of alternative transportation fuels. At present, biodiesel is not competitive with conventional fuel due to its high price, and the only way to compete with conventional fuel is to improve the quality, reduce the costs, and coproduce value-added products. With the high demand for lipids in the energy sector and other industrial applications, microbial lipids accumulated from microorganisms, especially oleaginous fungi and yeasts have been the important topic of many recent research studies. This chapter summarizes the current status of knowledge and technology about lipid production by oleaginous fungi and yeasts for biofuel applications and other value-added products. The chapter focuses on several aspects such as the most promising oleaginous strains, strain development, improvement of lipid production, methods and protocols to cultivate oleaginous fungi, substrate utilization, fermentation process design, and downstream processing. The feasibility and challenges during the large-scale commercial production of microbial lipids as fuel sources are also discussed. It provides an overview of microbial lipid production biorefinery and also future development directions.
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Tiukova IA, Brandenburg J, Blomqvist J, Sampels S, Mikkelsen N, Skaugen M, Arntzen MØ, Nielsen J, Sandgren M, Kerkhoven EJ. Proteome analysis of xylose metabolism in Rhodotorula toruloides during lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:137. [PMID: 31171938 PMCID: PMC6547517 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodotorula toruloides is a promising platform organism for production of lipids from lignocellulosic substrates. Little is known about the metabolic aspects of lipid production from the lignocellolosic sugar xylose by oleaginous yeasts in general and R. toruloides in particular. This study presents the first proteome analysis of the metabolism of R. toruloides during conversion of xylose to lipids. RESULTS Rhodotorula toruloides cultivated on either glucose or xylose was subjected to comparative analysis of its growth dynamics, lipid composition, fatty acid profiles and proteome. The maximum growth and sugar uptake rate of glucose-grown R. toruloides cells were almost twice that of xylose-grown cells. Cultivation on xylose medium resulted in a lower final biomass yield although final cellular lipid content was similar between glucose- and xylose-grown cells. Analysis of lipid classes revealed the presence of monoacylglycerol in the early exponential growth phase as well as a high proportion of free fatty acids. Carbon source-specific changes in lipid profiles were only observed at early exponential growth phase, where C18 fatty acids were more saturated in xylose-grown cells. Proteins involved in sugar transport, initial steps of xylose assimilation and NADPH regeneration were among the proteins whose levels increased the most in xylose-grown cells across all time points. The levels of enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway, phospholipid biosynthesis and amino acids biosynthesis differed in response to carbon source. In addition, xylose-grown cells contained higher levels of enzymes involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation and oxidative stress response compared to cells cultivated on glucose. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study suggest that sugar import is the limiting step during xylose conversion by R. toruloides into lipids. NADPH appeared to be regenerated primarily through pentose phosphate pathway although it may also involve malic enzyme as well as alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Increases in enzyme levels of both fatty acid biosynthesis and beta-oxidation in xylose-grown cells was predicted to result in a futile cycle. The results presented here are valuable for the development of lipid production processes employing R. toruloides on xylose-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia A. Tiukova
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Brandenburg J, Poppele I, Blomqvist J, Puke M, Pickova J, Sandgren M, Rapoport A, Vedernikovs N, Passoth V. Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6269-6277. [PMID: 29804136 PMCID: PMC6013517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates biofuel production from wheat straw hydrolysate, from which furfural was extracted using a patented method developed at the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry. The solid remainder after furfural extraction, corresponding to 67.6% of the wheat straw dry matter, contained 69.9% cellulose of which 4% was decomposed during the furfural extraction and 26.3% lignin. Enzymatic hydrolysis released 44% of the glucose monomers in the cellulose. The resulting hydrolysate contained mainly glucose and very little amount of acetic acid. Xylose was not detectable. Consequently, the undiluted hydrolysate did not inhibit growth of yeast strains belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Rhodotorula babjevae. In the fermentations, average final ethanol concentrations of 23.85 g/l were obtained, corresponding to a yield of 0.53 g ethanol per g released glucose. L. starkeyi generated lipids with a rate of 0.08 g/h and a yield of 0.09 g per g consumed glucose. R. babjevae produced lipids with a rate of 0.18 g/h and a yield of 0.17 per g consumed glucose. In both yeasts, desaturation increased during cultivation. Remarkably, the R. babjevae strain used in this study produced considerable amounts of heptadecenoic, α,- and γ-linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ieva Poppele
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maris Puke
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27/345, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Jana Pickova
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Rapoport
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Vedernikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27/345, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gientka I, Kieliszek M, Jermacz K, Błażejak S. Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6061042. [PMID: 29098157 PMCID: PMC5623792 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6061042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L-1. Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jermacz
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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He J, Yang Z, Hu B, Ji X, Wei Y, Lin L, Zhang Q. Correlation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis. Yeast 2015; 32:683-90. [PMID: 26284451 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis YM25079 and the membrane fluidity, content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and mRNA expression level of the Δ(12)-desaturase gene. The optimum temperature for YM25079 growth was analysed first, then the composition changes of membrane lipid in YM25079 were detected by GC-MS and membrane fluidity was evaluated by 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate (ANS) fluorescence. Meanwhile, the encoding sequence of Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase in YM25079 was cloned and further transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVScl for functional analysis. The mRNA expression levels of Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase at 15°C and 25°C were analysed by real-time PCR. YM25079 could grow at 5-30°C, with the optimum temperature of 15°C. The membrane fluidity of YM25079 was not significantly reduced when the culture temperature decreased from 25°C to 15°C, but the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid and α-Linolenic acid increased significantly from 29.4% to 55.39%. Furthermore, a novel Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase gene YM25079RGD12 from YM25079 was successfully identified and characterized, and the mRNA transcription level of the Δ(12)-desaturase gene was about five-fold higher in YM25079 cells grown at 15°C than that at 25°C. These results suggests that the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis YM25079 might result from higher expression of genes, especially the Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase gene, during polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, which increased the content of PUFAs in the cell membrane and maintained the membrane fluidity at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.,Genetic Diagnosis Centre, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojie Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
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Zhao C, Gu D, Nambou K, Wei L, Chen J, Imanaka T, Hua Q. Metabolome analysis and pathway abundance profiling of Yarrowia lipolytica cultivated on different carbon sources. J Biotechnol 2015; 206:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Production of single-cell oil from prickly-pear juice fermentation by Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 10:534-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00367661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/18/1994] [Accepted: 04/22/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cescut J, Fillaudeau L, Molina-Jouve C, Uribelarrea JL. Carbon accumulation in Rhodotorula glutinis induced by nitrogen limitation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:164. [PMID: 25520751 PMCID: PMC4267147 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous microorganisms, such as bacterium, yeast and algal species, can represent an alternative oil source for biodiesel production. The composition of their accumulated lipid is similar to the lipid of an oleaginous plant with a predominance of unsaturated fatty acid. Moreover this alternative to conventional biodiesel production does not create competition for land use between food and oleo-chemical industry supplies. Despite this promising potential, development of microbial production processes are at an early stage. Nutritional limited conditions, such as nitrogen limitation, with an excess of carbon substrate is commonly used to induce lipid accumulation metabolism. Nitrogen limitation implies modification of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in culture medium, which impacts on carbon flow distribution in the metabolic network. RESULTS The goal of the present study is to improve our knowledge of carbon flow distribution in oleaginous yeast metabolism by focusing carbon distribution between carbohydrate and lipid pools in order to optimize microbial lipid production. The dynamic effects of limiting nitrogen consumption flux according to carbon flow were studied to trigger lipid accumulation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. With a decrease of the specific nitrogen consumption rate from 0.052 Nmol.CmolX (-1).h(-1) to 0.003 Nmol.CmolX (-1).h(-1), a short and transitory intracellular carbohydrate accumulation occurred before the lipid accumulation phase. This phenomenon was studied in fed-batch culture under optimal operating conditions, with a mineral medium and using glucose as carbon source. Two different strategies of decreasing nitrogen flow on carbohydrate accumulation were investigated: an instantaneous decrease and a progressive decrease of nitrogen flow. CONCLUSIONS Lipid production performance in these fed-batch culture strategies with R. glutinis were higher than those reported in the previous literature; the catalytic specific lipid production rate was 0.07 Cmollip.CmolX* (-1).h(-1). Experimental results suggested that carbohydrate accumulation was an intrinsic phenomenon connected to the limitation of growth by nitrogen when the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in the feed flow was lower than 0.045 Nmol.Cmol(-1). Carbohydrate accumulation corresponded to a 440% increase of carbohydrate content. These results suggest that microbial lipid production can be optimized by culture strategy and that carbohydrate accumulation must be taken account for process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cescut
- />Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Fillaudeau
- />Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Molina-Jouve
- />Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Uribelarrea
- />Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS,INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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Single cell oil production from low-cost substrates: The possibility and potential of its industrialization. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Andrade R, Leal R, Roseiro J, Reis A, da Silva TL. Monitoring Rhodosporidium toruloides NCYC 921 batch fermentations growing under carbon and nitrogen limitation by flow cytometry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:1175-84. [PMID: 22805838 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides NCYC 921 was grown on carbon or nitrogen limited batch cultures. The fermentations were monitored using traditional techniques and multi-parameter flow cytometry. The lipid content was assessed by flow cytometry in association with the fluorocrome Nile Red which emits yellow gold fluorescence when dissolved in neutral lipids and red fluorescence when dissolved in polar lipids. In this way, it was possible to at-line monitor the yeast lipid composition in terms of polarity classes throughout the batch growths. It was found that the neutral lipids decreased during the carbon-limited stationary phase, and increased during the nitrogen-limited batch growth. The maximum lipid content was obtained for the nitrogen-limited yeast culture (24% w/w lipids). The yeast cells with permeabilised membranes profile remained almost unchanged during the time course of both fermentations. The scatter light measurements (forward and side scatter signals) provided information on the yeast growth phase. The multi-parameter flow cytometric approach here reported represents a better control system based on measurements made at the single cell level for optimization of the yeast lipid production bioprocess performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Andrade
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part II: Technology and potential applications. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wu S, Zhao X, Shen H, Wang Q, Zhao ZK. Microbial lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides under sulfate-limited conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1803-7. [PMID: 20934330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Novel biochemical approaches remain to be developed to improve microbial lipid technology. This study demonstrated that sulfate limitation was effective to promote accumulating substantial amounts of intracellular lipid by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4. When it was cultivated using a medium with an initial carbon-to-sulfur (C/S) molar ratio of 46,750, cellular lipid content reached up to 58.3%. The time courses of cell growth, lipid accumulation and nutrient depletion were analyzed and discussed in terms of lipid biosynthesis. Moreover, lipid accumulation under sulfate-limited conditions was effective regardless of the presence of a high concentration of nitrogen sources. Thus, lipid contents almost held constant at near 57% in the media with an initial C/S molar ratio of 11,380 although the carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio ranged from 28.3 to 5.7. Taken together, our results established the sulfate-limitation approach to control lipid biosynthesis, which should be valuable to explore nitrogen-rich raw materials as the feedstock for lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siguo Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
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Wu S, Hu C, Jin G, Zhao X, Zhao ZK. Phosphate-limitation mediated lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6124-9. [PMID: 20307977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-limited conditions have been routinely prepared for efficient lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms. However, it is difficult to attain high cellular lipid contents with natural nitrogen-rich substrates. In the present study, we showed that lipid accumulation by Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4 was directly linked to the carbon to phosphorus (C/P) molar ratios of the culture media. Moreover, such lipid accumulation phenomena were effective regardless of the presence of high amounts of nitrogen sources. Thus, cellular lipid content and lipid yield were 62.2% and 0.205 g/g glucose, respectively, using a medium with a carbon to nitrogen (C/N) molar ratio of 6.1 and a C/P molar ratio of 9552. This work suggested that phosphorus limitation can be equally effective and efficient to mediate lipid accumulation, which in turn, provides opportunities to produce microbial lipid more economically using natural or waste materials with high nitrogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siguo Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
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El-Fadaly HA, El-Naggar NEA, Marwan ESM. Single Cell Oil Production by an Oleaginous Yeast Strain in a Low Cost Cultivation Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2009.301.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Easterling ER, French WT, Hernandez R, Licha M. The effect of glycerol as a sole and secondary substrate on the growth and fatty acid composition of Rhodotorula glutinis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:356-61. [PMID: 18614357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhodotorula glutinis is a yeast that produces copious quantities of lipids in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG) and can be used to make biodiesel via a transesterification process. The ester bonds in the TAG are broken leaving behind two products: fatty acid methyl esters and glycerol that could provide an inexpensive carbon source to grow oleaginous yeast R. glutinis. Described here are the effects of different growth substrates on TAG accumulation and fatty acids produced by R. glutinis. Yeast cultured 24h on medium containing dextrose, xylose, glycerol, dextrose and xylose, xylose and glycerol, or dextrose and glycerol accumulated 16, 12, 25, 10, 21, and 34% TAG on a dry weight basis, respectively. Lipids were extracted from R. glutinis culture and transesterified to form fatty acid methyl esters. The results show a difference in the degree of saturation for the carbon sources tested. Cells cultivated on glycerol alone had the highest degree of unsaturated fatty acids at 53% while xylose had the lowest at 25%. R. glutinis can be cultivated on all sugars tested as single carbon substrates or in mixtures. Glycerol may be used as secondary or primary carbon substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Easterling
- Dave C Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
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Hatzinikolaou DG, Kourentzi E, Stamatis H, Christakopoulos P, Kolisis FN, Kekos D, Macris BJ. A novel lipolytic activity of Rhodotorula glutinis cells: production, partial characterization and application in the synthesis of esters. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 88:53-6. [PMID: 16232573 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/1999] [Accepted: 05/23/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-bound lipase activity (10 pNPL units/g dry cell weight) was released when the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was cultured in a 7-l stirred tank fermentor using palm-oil as the sole carbon source. The enzyme showed relative specificity towards medium chain organic acids since the apparent K(m) values for pNPB (p-NitroPhenyl-Butyrate) and pNPL (p-NitroPhenyl-Laurate) were equal to 2.7 and 0.7 mM, respectively. In addition, 80% of this activity could be detected on the surface of the cells. The cell-bound nature of the enzyme increased its thermal stability showing half-life times of 200 and 60 min at 50 and 60 degrees C, respectively, as well as good stability in organic solvents. Freeze-dried cell preparations were successfully used to catalyze the synthesis of fatty acid esters of butanol and heptanol in nearly anhydrous organic solvents. A conversion of 60-62% was obtained upon esterification of palmitic or oleic acid with butanol, within 96 h. The enzyme preparation was used in four consecutive batch reactions with only 10% loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Hatzinikolaou
- Biosystems Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Sector IV, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Zografou Attica, Greece
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Effect of consumed carbon to nitrogen ratio of mycelial morphology and arachidonic acid production in cultures of mortierella alpina. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hassan M, Blanc PJ, Pareilleux A, Goma G. Production of cocoa butter equivalents from prickly-pear juice fermentation by an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture. Process Biochem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Utilization of molasses for the production of fat by an oleaginous yeast,Rhodotorula glutinis IIP-30. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01570057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Granger LM, Perlot P, Goma G, Pareilleux A. Efficiency of fatty acid synthesis by oleaginous yeasts: Prediction of yield and fatty acid cell content from consumed C/N ratio by a simple method. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 42:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260421004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kennedy MJ, Reader SL, Davies RJ. Fatty acid production characteristics of fungi with particular emphasis on gamma linolenic acid production. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 42:625-34. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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