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Iturbe-Espinoza P, Bonte M, Weedon JT, Braster M, Brandt BW, van Spanning RJ. Correlating the succession of microbial communities from Nigerian soils to petroleum biodegradation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:239. [PMID: 37392206 PMCID: PMC10314880 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Whilst biodegradation of different hydrocarbon components has been widely demonstrated to occur by specialist oil-degrading bacteria, less is known about the impact on microbial communities as a function of oil composition by comparing the biodegradation of chemically complex fuels to synthetic products. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess the biodegradation capacity and succession of microbial communities isolated from Nigerian soils in media with crude oil or synthetic oil as sole sources of carbon and energy, and (ii) to assess the temporal variability of the microbial community size. Community profiling was done using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (Illumina), and oil profiling using gas chromatography. The biodegradation of natural and synthetic oil differed probably due to the content of sulfur that may interfere with the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Both alkanes and PAHs in the natural oil were biodegraded faster than in the synthetic oil. Variable community responses were observed during the degradation of alkanes and more simple aromatic compounds, but at later phases of growth they became more homogeneous. The degradation capacity and the size of the community from the more-contaminated soil were higher than those from the less-contaminated soil. Six abundant organisms isolated from the cultures were found to biodegrade oil molecules in pure cultures. Ultimately, this knowledge may contribute to a better understanding of how to improve the biodegradation of crude oil by optimizing culturing conditions through inoculation or bioaugmentation of specific bacteria during ex-situ biodegradation such as biodigesters or landfarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Iturbe-Espinoza
- Systems biology lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 (location code O|2-2E51), NL-1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Matthijs Bonte
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, The Hague, The Netherlands
- MB-Water, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James T Weedon
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Braster
- Systems biology lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 (location code O|2-2E51), NL-1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Jm van Spanning
- Systems biology lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 (location code O|2-2E51), NL-1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jiménez-Volkerink SN, Jordán M, Singleton DR, Grifoll M, Vila J. Bacterial benz(a)anthracene catabolic networks in contaminated soils and their modulation by other co-occurring HMW-PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121624. [PMID: 37059172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major environmental pollutants in a number of point source contaminated sites, where they are found embedded in complex mixtures containing different polyaromatic compounds. The application of bioremediation technologies is often constrained by unpredictable end-point concentrations enriched in recalcitrant high molecular weight (HMW)-PAHs. The aim of this study was to elucidate the microbial populations and potential interactions involved in the biodegradation of benz(a)anthracene (BaA) in PAH-contaminated soils. The combination of DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) and shotgun metagenomics of 13C-labeled DNA identified a member of the recently described genus Immundisolibacter as the key BaA-degrading population. Analysis of the corresponding metagenome assembled genome (MAG) revealed a highly conserved and unique genetic organization in this genus, including novel aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (RHD). The influence of other HMW-PAHs on BaA degradation was ascertained in soil microcosms spiked with BaA and fluoranthene (FT), pyrene (PY) or chrysene (CHY) in binary mixtures. The co-occurrence of PAHs resulted in a significant delay in the removal of PAHs that were more resistant to biodegradation, and this delay was associated with relevant microbial interactions. Members of Immundisolibacter, associated with the biodegradation of BaA and CHY, were outcompeted by Sphingobium and Mycobacterium, triggered by the presence of FT and PY, respectively. Our findings highlight that interacting microbial populations modulate the fate of PAHs during the biodegradation of contaminant mixtures in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Jiménez-Volkerink
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jordán
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David R Singleton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA
| | - Magdalena Grifoll
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Vila
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Nijssen TMJ, Dijk MAH, Kuipers HAM, Stel J, Adema AT, Buist KA. Experiments on floating bed rotating drums using magnetic particle tracking. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim M. J. Nijssen
- Multiphase Reactors Group, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. H. Dijk
- Multiphase Reactors Group, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Hans A. M. Kuipers
- Multiphase Reactors Group, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stel
- Research and Development Tata Steel Europe IJmuiden The Netherlands
| | - Allert T. Adema
- Research and Development Tata Steel Europe IJmuiden The Netherlands
| | - Kay A. Buist
- Multiphase Reactors Group, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Bravo G, Vega-Celedón P, Gentina JC, Seeger M. Bioremediation by Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain MSR33 of Mercury-Polluted Agricultural Soil in a Rotary Drum Bioreactor and Its Effects on Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1952. [PMID: 33316980 PMCID: PMC7763483 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle microorganisms are essential in agricultural soils and may be affected by mercury pollution. The aims of this study are to evaluate the bioremediation of mercury-polluted agricultural soil using Cupriavidus metallidurans MSR33 in a rotary drum bioreactor (RDB) and to characterize the effects of mercury pollution and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms. An agricultural soil was contaminated with mercury (II) (20-30 ppm) and subjected to bioremediation using strain MSR33 in a custom-made RDB. The effects of mercury and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms were studied by qPCR. Bioremediation in the RDB removed 82% mercury. MSR33 cell concentrations, thioglycolate, and mercury concentrations influence mercury removal. Mercury pollution strongly decreased nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacterial communities in agricultural soils. Notably, after soil bioremediation process nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria significantly increased. Diverse mercury-tolerant strains were isolated from the bioremediated soil. The isolates Glutamicibacter sp. SB1a, Brevundimonas sp. SB3b, and Ochrobactrum sp. SB4b possessed the merG gene associated with the plasmid pTP6, suggesting the horizontal transfer of this plasmid to native gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bioremediation by strain MSR33 in an RDB is an attractive and innovative technology for the clean-up of mercury-polluted agricultural soils and the recovery of nitrogen cycle microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bravo
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Paulina Vega-Celedón
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Juan Carlos Gentina
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
| | - Michael Seeger
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
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5
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Al Farraj DA, Hadibarata T, Yuniarto A, Alkufeidy RM, Alshammari MK, Syafiuddin A. Exploring the potential of halotolerant bacteria for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2305-2314. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gupta G, Kumar V, Pal AK. Microbial Degradation of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on Pyrene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1293696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - A. K. Pal
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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7
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Isolation and characterization of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria adapted to electrokinetic conditions. Biodegradation 2015; 27:1-13. [PMID: 26615425 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-015-9750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria capable of growing under electrokinetic conditions were isolated using an adjusted acclimation and enrichment procedure based on soil contaminated with heavy PAHs in the presence of an electric field. Their ability to degrade heavy PAHs under an electric field was individually investigated in artificially contaminated soils. The results showed that strains PB4 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and FB6 (Kocuria sp.) were the most efficient heavy PAH degraders under electrokinetic conditions. They were re-inoculated into a polluted soil from an industrial site with a PAH concentration of 184.95 mg kg(-1). Compared to the experiments without an electric field, the degradation capability of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Kocuria sp. was enhanced in the industrially polluted soil under electrokinetic conditions. The degradation extents of total PAHs were increased by 15.4 and 14.0% in the electrokinetic PB4 and FB6 experiments (PB4 + EK and FB6 + EK) relative to the PB4 and FB6 experiments without electrokinetic conditions (PB4 and FB6), respectively. These results indicated that P. fluorescens and Kocuria sp. could efficiently degrade heavy PAHs under electrokinetic conditions and have the potential to be used for the electro-bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil, especially if the soil is contaminated with heavy PAHs.
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Louvado A, Gomes NCM, Simões MMQ, Almeida A, Cleary DFR, Cunha A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in deep sea sediments: Microbe-pollutant interactions in a remote environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 526:312-328. [PMID: 25965373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released into seawater end up in the deep sea sediments (DSSs). However, their fate here is often oversimplified by theoretical models. Biodegradation of PAHs in DSSs, is assumed to be similar to biodegradation in surface habitats, despite high hydrostatic pressures and low temperatures that should significantly limit PAH biodegradation. Bacteria residing in the DSSs (related mainly to α- and γ-Proteobacteria) have been shown to or predicted to possess distinct genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways, indicating an adaptation of these bacterial communities to the psychro-peizophilic conditions of the DSSs. This work summarizes some of the most recent research on DSS hydrocarbonoclastic populations and mechanisms of PAH degradation and discusses the challenges posed by future high CO2 and UV climate scenarios on biodegradation of PAHs in DSSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louvado
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - N C M Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M M Q Simões
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - D F R Cleary
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Cunha
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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9
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Pagnout C, Rast C, Veber AM, Poupin P, Férard JF. Ecotoxicological assessment of PAHs and their dead-end metabolites after degradation by Mycobacterium sp. strain SNP11. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2006; 65:151-8. [PMID: 16753216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium sp. SNP11 has a high PAH biodegradation potential. In this paper, the toxicity of pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and their dead-end metabolites, accumulated in the media after biodegradation by Mycobacterium sp. SNP11, were evaluated by a screening battery of acute, chronic, and genotoxic tests. According to the bioassays, performed on bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535/pSK1002, TA97a, TA98, TA100), algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), and crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia), total disappearance or a very significant reduction of the (geno)toxic potential was observed after PAH degradation by Mycobacterium sp. SNP11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pagnout
- Laboratoire Ecotoxicité, Santé Environnementale, CNRS UMR 7146, Université Paul Verlaine Metz, rue du Général Delestraint, F-57070 Metz, France
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10
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Kim HS, Weber WJ. Optimizing contaminant desorption and bioavailability in dense slurry systems. 2. PAH bioavailability and rates of degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:2274-9. [PMID: 15871264 DOI: 10.1021/es049564j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mechanical mixing on rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation in dense geosorbent slurry (67% solids content, w/w) systems were evaluated using laboratory-scale intermittently mixed batch bioreactors. A PAH-contaminated soil and a phenanthrene-sorbed mineral sorbent (alpha-Al2O3) were respectively employed as slurry solids in aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation studies. Both slurries exhibited a characteristic behavior of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids, and the impeller revolution rate and its diameter had dramatic impacts on power and torque requirements in their laminar flow mixing. Rates of phenanthrene biodegradation were markedly enhanced by relatively low-level auger mixing under both aerobic and anaerobic (denitrifying) conditions. Parameters for empirical models correlating biodegradation rate coefficient (k(b)) values to the degree of mixing were similar to those for correlations between mass transfer (desorption) rate coefficient (k(r)) values for rapidly desorbing fractions of soil organic matter and degree of mixing reported in a companion study, supporting a conclusion that performance-efficient and cost-effective enhancements of PAH mass transfer (desorption) and its biodegradation processes can be achieved by the introduction of optimal levels of reactor-scale mechanical mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han S Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy and Environment Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
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Purwaningsih IS, Hill GA, Headley JV. Mass transfer and bioremediation of naphthalene particles in a roller bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2004; 38:2027-2034. [PMID: 15087183 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2003] [Revised: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene particles in a water slurry have been bioremediated in a sealed, roller bioreactor using a pure strain of Pseudomonas putida. High stripping losses of particles due to both splashing and aeration made the use of the traditional CSTR bioreactor unsuitable for bioremediation of naphthalene particles. The overall dissolution mass transfer coefficient of naphthalene particles in the roller bioreactor was low, 0.055 h(-1) at 50 RPM. The dissolution mass transfer rate was the limiting step for bioremediation. Although mass transfer was identified as the rate limiting step, the addition of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (a solubility enhancer) failed to improve naphthalene slurry bioremediation. In order to successfully bioremediate naphthalene particles at concentrations over 300 mg/L, intermittent aeration was applied in the sealed roller bioreactor on a daily basis. By operating in sequential batch mode with intermittent aeration, the roller bioreactor was successfully used to continuously bioremediate naphthalene particles at concentrations up to 1000 mg/L and at rates up to 10 mg/Lh.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sulistiyati Purwaningsih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Annex, 105 Maintenance Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada SK S7N 5C5
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Brinch UC, Ekelund F, Jacobsen CS. Method for spiking soil samples with organic compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:1808-16. [PMID: 11916700 PMCID: PMC123833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.4.1808-1816.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Accepted: 12/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the harmful side effects on indigenous soil microorganisms of two organic solvents, acetone and dichloromethane, that are normally used for spiking of soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for experimental purposes. The solvents were applied in two contamination protocols to either the whole soil sample or 25% of the soil volume, which was subsequently mixed with 75% untreated soil. For dichloromethane, we included a third protocol, which involved application to 80% of the soil volume with or without phenanthrene and introduction of Pseudomonas fluorescens VKI171 SJ132 genetically tagged with luxAB::Tn5. For both solvents, application to the whole sample resulted in severe side effects on both indigenous protozoa and bacteria. Application of dichloromethane to the whole soil volume immediately reduced the number of protozoa to below the detection limit. In one of the soils, the protozoan population was able to recover to the initial level within 2 weeks, in terms of numbers of protozoa; protozoan diversity, however, remained low. In soil spiked with dichloromethane with or without phenanthrene, the introduced P. fluorescens VKI171 SJ132 was able to grow to a density 1,000-fold higher than in control soil, probably due mainly to release of predation from indigenous protozoa. In order to minimize solvent effects on indigenous soil microorganisms when spiking native soil samples with compounds having a low water solubility, we propose a common protocol in which the contaminant dissolved in acetone is added to 25% of the soil sample, followed by evaporation of the solvent and mixing with the remaining 75% of the soil sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla C Brinch
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen
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Rodgers JD, Bunce NJ. Treatment methods for the remediation of nitroaromatic explosives. WATER RESEARCH 2001; 35:2101-11. [PMID: 11358288 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of nitroaromatic explosives for military operations have resulted in their dissemination into the environment, where their presence in waterways and soil poses an ecological and health hazard. This paper reviews technologies that are available or under investigation to remediate areas contaminated with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rodgers
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Kanaly RA, Harayama S. Biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:2059-67. [PMID: 10735846 PMCID: PMC111252 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.8.2059-2067.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R A Kanaly
- Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi Laboratories, Kamaishi City, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
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Männistö MK, Melin ES, Puhakka JA, Ferguson JF. Biodegradation of PAH Mixtures by a Marine Sediment Enrichment. Polycycl Aromat Compd 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639608544646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Three slow-growing bacteria were isolated from a mixed culture enriched for growth on anthracene, using creosote-contaminated soil as the inoculum. Organisms were shown to use anthracene by the production of a clear zone around the colony after a mineral salts agar plate was sprayed with anthracene. All three bacteria were nonmotile, nonsporulating, gram-positive rods and stained acid-fast. Physiological and biochemical tests, GC content, and cell wall lipid patterns of whole cell methanolysates indicated that they belonged to the Nocardia-Mycobacterium-Rhodococcus group. On the basis of these characteristics and pyrolysis gas chromatography, they were assigned to the genus Rhodococcus. Growth of the isolates was slow on crystalline anthracene, giving a doubling time of 1.5-3 days, and they grew mainly on the crystal surface. When anthracene was supplied by precipitation from a solvent, doubling time was reduced to 1 day. All three isolates mineralized anthracene but not phenanthrene or naphthalene, nor could they grow on naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene, pyrene, chrysene, or naphthacene as sole carbon source. One isolate, Rhodococcus S1, was able to use 2-methylanthracene or 2-chloroanthracene as carbon source but not 1- or 9-substituted analogs. These results suggest that the initial enzyme attacking anthracene in these isolates has a narrow substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tongpim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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