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Varničić M, Fellinger TP, Titirici MM, Sundmacher K, Vidaković-Koch T. Rational Design of Enzymatic Electrodes: Impact of Carbon Nanomaterial Types on the Electrode Performance. Molecules 2024; 29:2324. [PMID: 38792185 PMCID: PMC11124491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the rational design of porous enzymatic electrodes, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model biocatalyst. Our goal was to identify the main obstacles to maximizing biocatalyst utilization within complex porous structures and to assess the impact of various carbon nanomaterials on electrode performance. We evaluated as-synthesized carbon nanomaterials, such as Carbon Aerogel, Coral Carbon, and Carbon Hollow Spheres, against the commercially available Vulcan XC72 carbon nanomaterial. The 3D electrodes were constructed using gelatin as a binder, which was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The bioelectrodes were characterized electrochemically in the absence and presence of 3 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The capacitive behavior observed was in accordance with the BET surface area of the materials under study. The catalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction was partially linked to the capacitive behavior trend in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Notably, the Coral Carbon electrode demonstrated large capacitive currents but low catalytic currents, an exception to the observed trend. Microscopic analysis of the electrodes indicated suboptimal gelatin distribution in the Coral Carbon electrode. This study also highlighted the challenges in transferring the preparation procedure from one carbon nanomaterial to another, emphasizing the importance of binder quantity, which appears to depend on particle size and quantity and warrants further studies. Under conditions of the present study, Vulcan XC72 with a catalytic current of ca. 300 µA cm-2 in the presence of 3 mM of hydrogen peroxide was found to be the most optimal biocatalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Varničić
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tim-Patrick Fellinger
- Division 3.6 Electrochemical Energy Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7, UK;
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (K.S.)
- Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (K.S.)
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Consecutive Marcus Electron and Proton Transfer in Heme Peroxidase Compound II-Catalysed Oxidation Revealed by Arrhenius Plots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14092. [PMID: 31575893 PMCID: PMC6773748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron and proton transfer reactions in enzymes are enigmatic and have attracted a great deal of theoretical, experimental, and practical attention. The oxidoreductases provide model systems for testing theoretical predictions, applying experimental techniques to gain insight into catalytic mechanisms, and creating industrially important bio(electro)conversion processes. Most previous and ongoing research on enzymatic electron transfer has exploited a theoretically and practically sound but limited approach that uses a series of structurally similar (“homologous”) substrates, measures reaction rate constants and Gibbs free energies of reactions, and analyses trends predicted by electron transfer theory. This approach, proposed half a century ago, is based on a hitherto unproved hypothesis that pre-exponential factors of rate constants are similar for homologous substrates. Here, we propose a novel approach to investigating electron and proton transfer catalysed by oxidoreductases. We demonstrate the validity of this new approach for elucidating the kinetics of oxidation of “non-homologous” substrates catalysed by compound II of Coprinopsis cinerea and Armoracia rusticana peroxidases. This study – using the Marcus theory – demonstrates that reactions are not only limited by electron transfer, but a proton is transferred after the electron transfer event and thus both events control the reaction rate of peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of substrates.
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Ruff A, Szczesny J, Marković N, Conzuelo F, Zacarias S, Pereira IAC, Lubitz W, Schuhmann W. A fully protected hydrogenase/polymer-based bioanode for high-performance hydrogen/glucose biofuel cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3675. [PMID: 30202006 PMCID: PMC6131248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenases with Ni- and/or Fe-based active sites are highly active hydrogen oxidation catalysts with activities similar to those of noble metal catalysts. However, the activity is connected to a sensitivity towards high-potential deactivation and oxygen damage. Here we report a fully protected polymer multilayer/hydrogenase-based bioanode in which the sensitive hydrogen oxidation catalyst is protected from high-potential deactivation and from oxygen damage by using a polymer multilayer architecture. The active catalyst is embedded in a low-potential polymer (protection from high-potential deactivation) and covered with a polymer-supported bienzymatic oxygen removal system. In contrast to previously reported polymer-based protection systems, the proposed strategy fully decouples the hydrogenase reaction form the protection process. Incorporation of the bioanode into a hydrogen/glucose biofuel cell provides a benchmark open circuit voltage of 1.15 V and power densities of up to 530 µW cm-2 at 0.85 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany.
| | - Julian Szczesny
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Nikola Marković
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Sónia Zacarias
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Inês A C Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany.
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4
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Ruff A, Pinyou P, Nolten M, Conzuelo F, Schuhmann W. A Self-Powered Ethanol Biosensor. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Piyanut Pinyou
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Melinda Nolten
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry -; Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
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Ishimaru H, Fujii H, Ogura T. Resonance Raman Study of a High-valent Fe=O Porphyrin Complex as a Model for Peroxidase Compound II. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Jia W, Schwamborn S, Jin C, Xia W, Muhler M, Schuhmann W, Stoica L. Towards a high potential biocathode based on direct bioelectrochemistry between horseradish peroxidase and hierarchically structured carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10088-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00349b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Terner J, Palaniappan V, Gold A, Weiss R, Fitzgerald MM, Sullivan AM, Hosten CM. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical and oxoiron(IV) hemes in peroxidase intermediates. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:480-501. [PMID: 16513173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic cycle intermediates of heme peroxidases, known as compounds I and II, have been of long standing interest as models for intermediates of heme proteins, such as the terminal oxidases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, and for non-heme iron enzymes as well. Reports of resonance Raman signals for compound I intermediates of the oxo-iron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radical type have been sometimes contradictory due to complications arising from photolability, causing compound I signals to appear similar to those of compound II or other forms. However, studies of synthetic systems indicated that protein based compound I intermediates of the oxoiron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radical type should exhibit vibrational signatures that are different from the non-radical forms. The compound I intermediates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago do in fact exhibit unique and characteristic vibrational spectra. The nature of the putative oxoiron(IV) bond in peroxidase intermediates has been under discussion in the recent literature, with suggestions that the Fe(IV)O unit might be better described as Fe(IV)-OH. The generally low Fe(IV)O stretching frequencies observed for proteins have been difficult to mimic in synthetic ferryl porphyrins via electron donation from trans axial ligands alone. Resonance Raman studies of iron-oxygen vibrations within protein species that are sensitive to pH, deuteration, and solvent oxygen exchange, indicate that hydrogen bonding to the oxoiron(IV) group within the protein environment contributes to substantial lowering of Fe(IV)O frequencies relative to those of synthetic model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Terner
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA.
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8
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Votyakova TV, Reynolds IJ. Detection of hydrogen peroxide with Amplex Red: interference by NADH and reduced glutathione auto-oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 431:138-44. [PMID: 15464736 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report here that reduced pyridine nucleotides and reduced glutathione result in an oxidation of Amplex Red by dioxygen that is dependent on the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Concentrations of NADH and glutathione typically found in biological systems result in the oxidation of Amplex Red at a rate comparable to that produced, for example, by respiring mitochondria. The effects of NADH and glutathione in this assay system are likely to be the result of H(2)O(2) generation via a superoxide intermediate because both catalase and superoxide dismutase prevent the oxidation of Amplex Red. These results suggest caution in the assay of H(2)O(2) production in biological systems using the Amplex Red/HRP because the assay will also report the mobilization of NADH or glutathione. However, the interruption of this process by the addition of superoxide dismutase offers a simple and reliable method for establishing the source of the oxidant signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Votyakova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Mason RP. Using anti-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (anti-DMPO) to detect protein radicals in time and space with immuno-spin trapping. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36:1214-23. [PMID: 15110386 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of protein free radicals using the specific free radical reactivity of nitrone spin traps in conjunction with nitrone-antibody sensitivity and specificity greatly expands the utility of the spin trapping technique, which is no longer dependent on the quantum mechanical electron spin resonance (ESR). The specificity of the reactions of nitrone spin traps with free radicals has already made spin trapping with ESR detection the most universal, specific tool for the detection of free radicals in biological systems. Now the development of an immunoassay for the nitrone adducts of protein radicals brings the power of immunological techniques to bear on free radical biology. Polyclonal antibodies have now been developed that bind to protein adducts of the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). In initial studies, anti-DMPO was used to detect DMPO protein adducts produced on myoglobin and hemoglobin resulting from self-peroxidation by H2O2. These investigations demonstrated that myoglobin forms the predominant detectable protein radical in rat heart supernatant, and hemoglobin radicals form inside red blood cells. In time, all of the immunological techniques based on antibody-nitrone binding should become available for free radical detection in a wide variety of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Mason
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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10
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Ramirez DC, Chen YR, Mason RP. Immunochemical detection of hemoglobin-derived radicals formed by reaction with hydrogen peroxide: involvement of a protein-tyrosyl radical. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:830-9. [PMID: 12654471 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of a hemoglobin radical in the human oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) or metHb/H2O2 system, we have used a new approach called "immuno-spin trapping," which combines the specificity and sensitivity of both spin trapping and antigen:antibody interactions. Previously, a novel rabbit polyclonal anti-DMPO nitrone adduct antiserum, which specifically recognizes protein radical-derived nitrone adducts, was developed and validated in our laboratory. In the present study, the formation of nitrone adducts on hemoglobin was shown to depend on the oxidation state of the iron heme, the concentrations of H2O2 and DMPO, and time as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by Western blotting. The presence of reduced glutathione or L-ascorbate significantly decreased the level of nitrone adducts on metHb in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm the ELISA results, Western blotting analysis showed that only the complete system (oxy- or metHb/DMPO/H2O2) generates epitopes recognized by the antiserum. The specific modification of tyrosine residues on metHb by iodination nearly abolished antibody binding, while the thiylation of cysteine residues caused a small but reproducible decrease in the amount of nitrone adducts. These findings strongly suggest that tyrosine residues are the site of formation of the immunochemically detectable hemoglobin radical-derived nitrone adducts. In addition, we were able to demonstrate the presence of hemoglobin radical-derived nitrone adducts inside red blood cells exposed to H2O2 and DMPO. In conclusion, our new approach showed several advantages over EPR spin trapping with the anti-DMPO nitrone adduct antiserum by demonstrating the formation of tyrosyl radical-derived nitrone adduct(s) in human oxyHb/metHb at much lower concentrations than was possible with EPR and detecting radicals inside RBC exposed to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Ramirez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27713, USA.
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11
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Van Haandel MJ, Claassens MM, Van der Hout N, Boersma MG, Vervoort J, Rietjens IM. Differential substrate behaviour of phenol and aniline derivatives during conversion by horseradish peroxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1435:22-9. [PMID: 10561534 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time saturating overall k(cat) values for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysed conversion of phenols and anilines are described. These k(cat) values correlate quantitatively with calculated ionisation potentials of the substrates. The correlations for the phenols are shifted to higher k(cat) values at similar ionisation potentials as compared to those for anilines. (1)H-NMR T(1) relaxation studies, using 3-methylphenol and 3-methylaniline as the model substrates, revealed smaller average distances of the phenol than of the aniline protons to the paramagnetic Fe(3+) centre in HRP. This observation, together with a possibly higher extent of deprotonation of the phenols than of the anilines upon binding to the active site of HRP, may contribute to the relatively higher HRP catalysed conversion rates of phenols than of anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Van Haandel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Agricultural University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Reversible formation of high-valent-iron-oxo porphyrin intermediates in heme-based catalysis: revisiting the kinetic model for horseradish peroxidase. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)06111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Scheeline A, Olson DL, Williksen EP, Horras GA, Klein ML, Larter R. The Peroxidaseminus signOxidase Oscillator and Its Constituent Chemistries. Chem Rev 1997; 97:739-756. [PMID: 11848887 DOI: 10.1021/cr960081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scheeline
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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14
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Rodriguez-Lopez JN, Hernández-Ruiz J, Garcia-Cánovas F, Thorneley RN, Acosta M, Arnao MB. The inactivation and catalytic pathways of horseradish peroxidase with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. A spectrophotometric and transient kinetic study. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:5469-76. [PMID: 9038149 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of the catalytic cycle and irreversible inactivation of horseradish peroxidase C (HRP-C) reacting with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) have been studied by conventional and stopped-flow spectrophotometry. mCPBA oxidized HRP-C to compound I with a second order-rate constant k1 = 3.6 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0, 25 degrees C. Excess mCPBA subsequently acted as a one-electron reducing substrate, converting compound I to compound II and compound II to resting, ferric enzyme. In both of these reactions, spectrally distinct, transient forms of the enzyme were observed (lambdamax = 411 nm, epsilon = 45 mM-1 cm-1 for compound I with mCPBA, and lambdamax = 408 nm, epsilon = 77 mM-1 cm-1 for compound II with mCPBA). The compound I-mCPBA intermediate (shown by near infrared spectroscopy to be identical to P965) decayed either to compound II in a catalytic cycle (k3 = 6.4 x 10(-3) s-1) or, in a competing inactivation reaction, to verdohemoprotein (ki = 3.3 x 10(-3) s-1). Thus, a partition ratio of r = 2 is obtained for the inactivation of ferric HRP-C by mCPBA. The intermediate formed from compound II with mCPBA is not part of the inactivation pathway and only decays via the catalytic cycle to give resting, ferric enzyme (k5 = 1.0 x 10(-3) s-1). The data are compared with those from earlier steady-state kinetic studies and demonstrate the importance of single turnover experiments. The results are discussed in terms of the physiologically relevant reactions of plant peroxidases with hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Rodriguez-Lopez
- Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
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15
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Mukai M, Nagano S, Tanaka M, Ishimori K, Morishima I, Ogura T, Watanabe Y, Kitagawa T. Effects of Concerted Hydrogen Bonding of Distal Histidine on Active Site Structures of Horseradish Peroxidase. Resonance Raman Studies with Asn70 Mutants. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962551o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mukai
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Shingo Nagano
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Motomasa Tanaka
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ishimori
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Isao Morishima
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Teizo Kitagawa
- Contribution from the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Division of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
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16
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Ruzgas T, Csöregi E, Emnéus J, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Peroxidase-modified electrodes: Fundamentals and application. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide on the microperoxidase-11 modified carbon paste and graphite electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(95)01876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Proshlyakov DA, Paeng IR, Paeng KJ, Kitagawa T. Resonance Raman studies of compounds I and II ofarthromyces ramosus peroxidase: Close similarities in their Raman spectra but distinct oxygen exchangeability of the Fe=O heme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6343(1996)2:5<317::aid-bspy5>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Courteix A, Bergel A. Horseradish peroxidase—catalyzed hydroxylation of phenol: I. Thermodynamic analysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Shul'ga AA, Gibson TD. An alternative microbiosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on an enzyme field effect transistor with a fast response. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)80260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Bhattacharyya D, Bandyopadhyay U, Banerjee R. Chemical and kinetic evidence for an essential histidine residue in the electron transfer from aromatic donor to horseradish peroxidase compound I. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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22
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Egawa T, Miki H, Ogura T, Makino R, Ishimura Y, Kitagawa T. Observation of the FeIV=O stretching Raman band for a thiolate-ligated heme protein. Compound I of chloroperoxidase. FEBS Lett 1992; 305:206-8. [PMID: 1299616 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The FeIV=O stretching vibration has never been identified for a cysteine-coordinated heme enzyme. In this study, resonance Raman and visible absorption spectra were observed simultaneously for transient species in the catalytic reaction of chloroperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide by using our original apparatus for mixed-flow and Raman/absorption simultaneous measurements. For the first intermediate, the FeIV=O stretching Raman band was observed at 790 cm-1, which shifted to 756 cm-1 with the 18O derivative, but the v4 band was too weak to be identified. This suggested the formation of an oxoferryl porphyrin pi cation radical. The second intermediate gave an intense v4 band at 1,372 cm-1 but no oxygen isotope-sensitive Raman band, suggesting oxygen exchange with bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Japan
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23
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Acosta M, Arnao M, del Río J, García-Cánovas F. Kinetic characterization of the inactivation process of two peroxidase isoenzymes in the oxidation of indolyl-3-acetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(89)90086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Osswald WF, Schütz W, Elstner EF. Cysteine and crocin oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1989; 5:259-65. [PMID: 2707627 DOI: 10.3109/10715768909074709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid cysteine is oxidized by horseradish peroxidase, and the water-soluble carotenoid crocin is bleached by cooxidation. The monophenol p-hydroxyacetophenone stimulates oxygen uptake, cysteine oxidation and crocin bleaching, whereas its concentration does not change. Superoxide dismutase significantly enhances all these oxidative reactions. Addition of H2O2 is not required for these peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Osswald
- Institut für Botanik und Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität, München
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25
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Resonance Raman spectroscopic evidence for heme iron-hydroxide ligation in peroxidase alkaline forms. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Hashimoto S, Nakajima R, Yamazaki I, Tatsuno Y, Kitagawa T. Oxygen exchange between the Fe(IV) = O heme and bulk water for the A2 isozyme of horseradish peroxidase. FEBS Lett 1986; 208:305-7. [PMID: 3780970 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectra were observed for compound II of horseradish peroxidase A2, and the Fe(IV) = O stretching Raman line was identified at 775 cm-1. This Raman line shifted to 741 cm-1 upon a change of solvent from H2(16)O to H2(18)O, indicating occurrence of the oxygen exchange between the Fe(IV) = O heme and bulk water. The oxygen exchange took place only at the acidic side of the heme-linked ionization with pKa = 6.9.
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27
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Resonance Raman study on cytochrome c peroxidase and its intermediate. Presence of the Fe(IV) = O bond in compound ES and heme-linked ionization. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Sakurada J, Takahashi S, Hosoya T. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the spatial relationship of aromatic donor molecules to the heme iron of horseradish peroxidase. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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29
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855 — Electrochemical conversion of lactoperoxidase, ceruloplasmin and alkaline phosphatase on mercury electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(86)85028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Hashimoto S, Tatsuno Y, Kitagawa T. Resonance Raman evidence for oxygen exchange between the FeIV = O heme and bulk water during enzymic catalysis of horseradish peroxidase and its relation with the heme-linked ionization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:2417-21. [PMID: 3458206 PMCID: PMC323308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.8.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopic studies of compound II of horseradish peroxidase show that the oxygen atom in the FeIV = O group of the heme is rapidly exchanged in H2O at pH 7.0 but not in an alkaline solution (pH 11.0). This conclusion is based on studies of shift in the FeIV = O stretching mode of compound II in H2(18)O; further studies show that the FeIV = O heme is hydrogen-bonded to an amino acid residue of the protein in neutral solutions but not in the alkaline solution. Deprotonation of this residue takes place with the midpoint pH at 8.8 and accordingly corresponds to the so-called heme-linked ionization. It is concluded that this hydrogen-bonded proton plays an important part in the oxygen exchange mechanism. From this it seems clear that this hydrogen-bonded proton has an essential role in the acid/base catalysis of this enzyme and that alkaline deactivation of this enzyme can be attributed to the lack of a hydrogen-bonded proton at high pH.
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31
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Abstract
The mechanism of oxidation of mercury by peroxidase is reported. The reaction is first order both in mercury and in peroxidase Compound I, and involves a one-step two-electron oxidation. The enzyme acts as a recycling chemical oxidant.
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32
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Wefers H, Sies H. Reactive oxygen species formed in vitro and in cells: role of thiols (GSH). Model studies with xanthine oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 197:505-12. [PMID: 3766277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5134-4_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Wefers H, Riechmann E, Sies H. Excited species generation in horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation of glutathione. JOURNAL OF FREE RADICALS IN BIOLOGY & MEDICINE 1985; 1:311-8. [PMID: 3013981 DOI: 10.1016/0748-5514(85)90137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoemissive excited species are produced by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH), without exogenously added hydroperoxide under aerobic conditions. The emitted low-level chemiluminescence consisted of two phases. Light emission occurred at wavelengths beyond 610 nm (greater than or equal to 90% intensity), indicative of singlet oxygen 1O2. Deuterium oxide enhanced photoemission 4.4-fold. Ascorbate inhibited chemiluminescence completely. In the absence of GSH or when GSH was replaced by the disulfide, no red chemiluminescence was observed. The glutathionyl radical GS. is most likely to be involved in both phases of light emission. Further, the superoxide radical plays a role, as substantiated by the inhibitory effect of superoxide dismutase. Both phases of photoemission were abolished by glutathione peroxidase; thus hydroperoxides are regarded as essential intermediates for the formation of excited species. Catalase abolished phase I and did not affect phase II. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase 1-2 (showing peroxidase activity towards organic hydroperoxides but not towards H2O2) inhibited phase II, whereas phase I was still present. Glutathione sulfonate and the disulfide GSSG were detected as oxidation products from GSH under conditions where phase II chemiluminescence was observed. HRP Compound III accumulated during the reaction. It is concluded that phase I is dependent on exogenously added or endogenously generated H2O2, whereas phase II does not require H2O2 but an organic peroxy species. A mechanism based on chain reactions involving oxygen addition to the thiyl radical is proposed. Sulfenyl peroxy species are suggested as transient intermediates in reactions finally leading to the generation of excited states such as singlet molecular oxygen.
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Razumas VJ, Gudaviĉius AV, Kulys JJ. Redox conversion of peroxidase on surface-modified gold electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(83)80446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Grambow HJ, Langenbeck-Schwich B. The relationship between oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide, and phenolic compounds in the degradation of indole-3-acetic acid in vitro. PLANTA 1983; 157:132-137. [PMID: 24264066 DOI: 10.1007/bf00393646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/1982] [Accepted: 10/14/1982] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The peroxidase catalyzed degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) results in the formation of indole-3-methanol (IM) in the presence of phenolic compounds or in 3-hydroxymethyloxindole (HMOx) in their absence. Apparently the phenols compote with a methyleneindolenine intermediate for H2O2 which is produced by oxidase action preceding the peroxidase action in the course of IAA degradation. The substitution pattern of various phenolic compounds tested strongly effects the rate of the reaction. However, this substitution pattern does not appear to effect the type of the reaction or the products formed. We suggest that the function of the "oxindole pathway" is to detoxify excess H2O2 in the absence of phenolic cosubstrates. The results lead to a number of interesting aspects of IAA biochemistry and to the proposal of a new reaction scheme for the peroxidase catalyzed degradation of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Grambow
- Institut für Biologie III (Pflanzenphysiologie)der RWTH, Worringer Weg, D-5100, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany
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