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Valashani HT, Ahmadpour M, Naddaf SR, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Latifi A, Salimi M, Farahmand M, Naeimi S, Raissi V, Kazemirad E. Insights into the trypanothione system in antimony-resistant and sensitive Leishmania tropica clinical isolates. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107190. [PMID: 38508372 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pentavalent antimonials are the mainstay treatment against different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. The emergence of resistant isolates in endemic areas has led to treatment failure. Unraveling the underlying resistance mechanism would assist in improving the treatment strategies against resistant isolates. This study aimed to investigate the RNA expression level of glutathione synthetase (GS), Spermidine synthetase (SpS), trypanothione synthetase (TryS) genes involved in trypanothione synthesis, and thiol-dependent reductase (TDR) implicated in drug reduction, in antimony-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania tropica isolates. We investigated 11 antimony-resistant and 11 antimony-sensitive L. tropica clinical isolates from ACL patients. Drug sensitivity of amastigotes was determined in mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. The RNA expression level in the promastigote forms was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed a significant increase in the average expression of GS, SpS, and TrpS genes by 2.19, 1.56, and 2.33-fold in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones. The average expression of TDR was 1.24-fold higher in resistant isolates, which was insignificant. The highest correlation coefficient between inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and gene expression belonged to the TryS, GS, SpS, and TDR genes. Moreover, the intracellular thiol content was increased 2.17-fold in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones and positively correlated with IC50 values. Our findings suggest that overexpression of trypanothione biosynthesis genes and increased thiol content might play a key role in the antimony resistance of L. tropica clinical isolates. In addition, the diversity of gene expression in the trypanothione system and thiol content among L. tropica clinical isolates highlighted the phenotypic heterogeneity of antimony resistance among the parasite population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Torkian Valashani
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadpour
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Latifi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Farahmand
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sabah Naeimi
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Raissi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemirad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ikeda D, Oura M, Uehara A, Tabata R, Narita K, Takeuchi M, Matsue K. Efficacy of darinaparsin for EBV-associated B-cell lymphoma in a heavily treated elderly patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:132-135. [PMID: 37794793 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2265001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Oura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uehara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
| | - Rikako Tabata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Narita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
| | - Masami Takeuchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
| | - Kosei Matsue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
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Goralski T, Ram JL. Extracellular Calcium Receptor as a Target for Glutathione and Its Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020717. [PMID: 35054903 PMCID: PMC8776003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). The CaSR has a binding pocket in the extracellular domain of CaSR large enough to bind either GSH or GSSG, as well as the naturally occurring oxidized derivative L-cysteine glutathione disulfide (CySSG) and the compound cysteinyl glutathione (CysGSH). Modeling the binding energies (ΔG) of CySSG and CysGSH to CaSR reveals that both cysteine derivatives may have greater affinities for CaSR than either GSH or GSSG. GSH, CySSG, and GSSG are found in circulation in mammals and, among the three, CySSG is more affected by HIV/AIDs and aging than either GSH or GSSG. The beta-carbon linkage of cysteine in CysGSH may model a new class of calcimimetics, exemplified by etelcalcetide. Circulating glutathionergic compounds, particularly CySSG, may mediate calcium-regulatory responses via receptor-binding to CaSR in a variety of organs, including parathyroids, kidneys, and bones. Receptor-mediated actions of glutathionergics may thus complement their roles in redox regulation and detoxification. The glutathionergic binding site(s) on CaSR are suggested to be a target for development of drugs that can be used in treating kidney and other diseases whose mechanisms involve CaSR dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Goralski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Ram
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-200-9431
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Amarakoon TN, Ke N, Aspinwall CA, Miranda KM. Quantification of intracellular HNO delivery with capillary zone electrophoresis. Nitric Oxide 2022; 118:49-58. [PMID: 34715361 PMCID: PMC8758193 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Redox signaling, wherein reactive and diffusible small molecules are channeled into specific messenger functions, is a critical component of signal transduction. A central principle of redox signaling is that the redox modulators are produced in a highly controlled fashion to specifically modify biotargets. Thiols serve as primary mediators of redox signaling as a function of the rich variety of adducts, which allows initiation of distinct cellular effects. Coupling the inherent reactivity of thiols with highly sensitive and selective chemical analysis protocols can facilitate identification of redox signaling agents, both in solution and in cultured cells. Here, we describe use of capillary zone electrophoresis to both identify and quantify sulfinamides, which are specific markers of the reaction of thiols with nitroxyl (HNO), a putative biologically relevant reactive nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini N Amarakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Neng Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Craig A Aspinwall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Abstract
Functions of selenium are diverse as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, increased immunity, reduced cancer incidence, blocking tumor invasion and metastasis, and further clinical application as treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. These functions of selenium are mostly related to oxidation and reduction mechanisms of selenium metabolites. Hydrogen selenide from selenite, and methylselenol (MSeH) from Se-methylselenocyteine (MSeC) and methylseleninicacid (MSeA) are the most reactive metabolites produced reactive oxygen species (ROS); furthermore, these metabolites may involve in oxidizing sulfhydryl groups, including glutathione. Selenite also reacted with glutathione and produces hydrogen selenide via selenodiglutathione (SeDG), which induces cytotoxicity as cell apoptosis, ROS production, DNA damage, and adenosine-methionine methylation in the cellular nucleus. However, a more pronounced effect was shown in the subsequent treatment of sodium selenite with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. High doses of sodium selenite were effective to increase radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and further to reduce radiation side effects and drug resistance. In our study, advanced cancer patients can tolerate until 5000 μg of sodium selenite in combination with radiation and chemotherapy since the half-life of sodium selenite may be relatively short, and, further, selenium may accumulates more in cancer cells than that of normal cells, which may be toxic to the cancer cells. Further clinical studies of high amount sodium selenite are required to treat advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jo Kim
- Sangkyungwon Integrate Medical Caner Hospital, Yeoju 12616, Gyeonggido, Korea;
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Comprehensive Gynecological Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggido, Korea;
| | - Jong Min Park
- Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - An Sik Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Abstract
Atomoxetine (ATX) is a neurological drug widely used for the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Liver injury has been documented in patients administered ATX. The mechanism of ATX's toxic action is less clear. This study is aimed to characterize reactive metabolites of ATX in vitro and in vivo to assist our understanding of the mechanisms of ATX hepatotoxicity. A hydroxylated metabolite, along with an O-dealkylation metabolite, was found in ATX-supplemented rat liver microsome incubations. Additionally, two glutathione (GSH) conjugates and two N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates were observed in rat liver microsome incubations containing ATX, NADPH, and GSH or NAC. The corresponding GSH conjugates and NAC conjugates were found in bile and urine of ATX-treated rats, respectively. Recombinant P450 enzyme incubation study demonstrated that CYP2D6 dominated the metabolic activation of ATX. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to illuminate the mechanisms of ATX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong You
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiaru Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
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Capinha L, Jennings P, Commandeur JNM. Bioactivation of trichloroethylene to three regioisomeric glutathione conjugates by liver fractions and recombinant human glutathione transferases: Species differences and implications for human risk assessment. Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:94-106. [PMID: 33539969 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to trichloroethylene (TCE) followed by catabolism to the corresponding cysteine-conjugate, S-(dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and subsequent bioactivation by renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyases is considered to play an important role in the nephrotoxic effects observed in TCE-exposed rat and human. In this study, it is shown for the first time that three regioisomers of GSH-conjugates of TCE are formed by rat and human liver fractions, namely S-(1,2-trans-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione (1,2-trans-DCVG), S-(1,2-cis-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione (1,2-cis-DCVG) and S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione (2,2-DCVG). In incubations of TCE with rat liver fractions their amounts decreased in order of 1,2-cis-DCVG > 1,2-trans-DCVG > 2,2-DCVG. Human liver cytosol showed a more than 10-fold lower activity of GSH-conjugation, with amounts of regioisomers decreasing in order 2,2-DCVG > 1,2-trans-DCVG > 1,2-cis-DCVG. Incubations with recombinant human GSTs suggest that GSTA1-1 and GSTA2-2 play the most important role in human liver cytosol. GSTP1-1, which produces regioisomers in order 1,2-trans-DCVG > 2,2-cis-DCVG > 1,2-cis-DCVG, is likely to contribute to extrahepatic GSH-conjugation of TCE. Analysis of the products formed by a beta-lyase mimetic model showed that both 1,2-trans-DCVC and 1,2-cis-DCVC are converted to reactive products that form cross-links between the model nucleophile 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine (NBP) and thiol-species. No NBP-alkylation was observed with 2,2-DCVC corresponding to its low cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. The lower activity of GSH-conjugation of TCE by human liver fractions, in combination with the lower fraction of potential nephrotoxic and mutagenic 1,2-DCVG-isomers, suggest that humans are at much lower risk for TCE-associated nephrotoxic effects than rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Capinha
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Commandeur
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) is a component of a complex series of pathways that provide cellular redox homeostasis. It is an abundant protein in certain tumors and is over-expressed in cancer drug resistance. It has diverse cellular functions that include, thiolase activities with small electrophilic agents or susceptible cysteine residues on the protein to mediate S-glutathionylation, and chaperone binding with select protein kinases. Preclinical and clinical testing of a nanomolar inhibitor of GSTP, TLK199 (Telintra; Ezatiostat) has indicated a role for the enzyme in hematopoiesis and utility for the drug in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Piñeyro MD, Arias D, Parodi-Talice A, Guerrero S, Robello C. Trypanothione Metabolism as Drug Target for Trypanosomatids. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1834-1846. [PMID: 33308115 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas Disease, African sleeping sickness, and leishmaniasis are neglected diseases caused by pathogenic trypanosomatid parasites, which have a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality in poor countries. The available drugs used as treatment have high toxicity, limited access, and can cause parasite drug resistance. Long-term treatments, added to their high toxicity, result in patients that give up therapy. Trypanosomatids presents a unique trypanothione based redox system, which is responsible for maintaining the redox balance. Therefore, inhibition of these essential and exclusive parasite's metabolic pathways, absent from the mammalian host, could lead to the development of more efficient and safe drugs. The system contains different redox cascades, where trypanothione and tryparedoxins play together a central role in transferring reduced power to different enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, non-selenium glutathione peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidases, glutaredoxins and methionine sulfoxide reductases, through NADPH as a source of electrons. There is sufficient evidence that this complex system is essential for parasite survival and infection. In this review, we explore what is known in terms of essentiality, kinetic and structural data, and the development of inhibitors of enzymes from this trypanothione-based redox system. The recent advances and limitations in the development of lead inhibitory compounds targeting these enzymes have been discussed. The combination of molecular biology, bioinformatics, genomics, and structural biology is fundamental since the knowledge of unique features of the trypanothione-dependent system will provide tools for rational drug design in order to develop better treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral y Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas, CONICET-UNL, Santa F, Argentina
| | | | - Sergio Guerrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral y Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas, CONICET-UNL, Santa F, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Painefilú JC, Bianchi VA, Krock B, De Anna JS, Kristoff G, Luquet CM. Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 204:111069. [PMID: 32758696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the absorption, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) from three extracts from Alexandrium catenella and A. ostenfeldii, in middle Oncorhynchus mykiss intestine in vitro and ex vivo preparations. We measured glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity, and lipid peroxidation in isolated epithelium exposed to 0.13 and 1.3 μM PST. ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability (as neutral red retention time 50%, NRRT50) were analyzed in isolated enterocytes exposed to PST alone or plus 3 μM of the ABCC transport inhibitor MK571. In addition, the concentration-dependent effects of PST on NRRT50 were assayed in a concentration range from 0 to 1.3 μM PST. We studied the effects of three different PST extracts on the transport rate of the ABCC substrate DNP-SG by isolated epithelium. The extract with highest inhibition capacity was selected for studying polarized DNP-SG transport in everted and non-everted intestinal segments. We registered lower GSH content and GST activity, and higher GR activity, with no significant changes in CAT activity, lipid peroxidation or ROS level. PST exposure decreased NRRT50 in a concentration-depend manner (IC50 = 0.0045 μM), but PST effects were not augmented by addition of MK571. All the three PST extracts inhibited ABCC transport activity, but this inhibition was effective only when the toxins were applied to the apical side of the intestine and DNP-SG transport was measured at the basolateral side. Our results indicate that PST are absorbed by the enterocytes from the intestine lumen. Inside the enterocytes, these toxins decrease GSH content and inhibit the basolateral ABCC transporters affecting the normal functions of the cell. Furthermore, PST produce a strong cytotoxic effect to the enterocytes by damaging the lysosomal membrane, even at low, non-neurotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Bernd Krock
- Ökologische Chemie, Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Gisela Kristoff
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática Invertebrados Nativos, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, CABA, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, CABA, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina.
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García-Martínez T, Vendrell-Flotats M, Martínez-Rodero I, Ordóñez-León EA, Álvarez-Rodríguez M, López-Béjar M, Yeste M, Mogas T. Glutathione Ethyl Ester Protects In Vitro -Maturing Bovine Oocytes against Oxidative Stress Induced by Subsequent Vitrification/Warming. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207547. [PMID: 33066129 PMCID: PMC7588878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether the addition of glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-OEt) to the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium would improve the resilience of bovine oocytes to withstand vitrification. The effects of GSH-OEt on spindle morphology, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial activity and distribution, and embryo developmental potential were assessed together with the expression of genes with a role in apoptosis (BAX, BCL2), oxidative-stress pathways (GPX1, SOD1), water channels (AQP3), implantation (IFN-τ) and gap junctions (CX43) in oocytes and their derived blastocysts. Vitrification gave rise to abnormal spindle microtubule configurations and elevated ROS levels. Supplementation of IVM medium with GSH-OEt before vitrification preserved mitochondrial distribution pattern and diminished both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS contents and percentages of embryos developing beyond the 8-cell stage were similar to those recorded in fresh non-vitrified oocytes. Although not significantly different from control vitrified oocytes, vitrified oocytes after GSH-OEt treatment gave rise to similar day 8-blastocyst and hatching rates to fresh non-vitrified oocytes. No effects of GSH-OEt supplementation were noted on the targeted gene expression of oocytes and derived blastocysts, with the exception of GPX1, AQP3 and CX43 in derived blastocysts. The addition of GSH-OEt to the IVM medium before vitrification may be beneficial for embryo development presumably as the consequence of additional anti-oxidant protection during IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania García-Martínez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (T.G.-M.); (M.V.-F.); (I.M.-R.); (E.A.O.-L.)
| | - Meritxell Vendrell-Flotats
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (T.G.-M.); (M.V.-F.); (I.M.-R.); (E.A.O.-L.)
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (M.Á.-R.); (M.L.-B.)
| | - Iris Martínez-Rodero
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (T.G.-M.); (M.V.-F.); (I.M.-R.); (E.A.O.-L.)
| | - Erika Alina Ordóñez-León
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (T.G.-M.); (M.V.-F.); (I.M.-R.); (E.A.O.-L.)
- Grupo InVitro, Tabasco 86040, Mexico
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (M.Á.-R.); (M.L.-B.)
| | - Manel López-Béjar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (M.Á.-R.); (M.L.-B.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Marc Yeste
- Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17004 Girona, Spain;
| | - Teresa Mogas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (T.G.-M.); (M.V.-F.); (I.M.-R.); (E.A.O.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-696-64-51-27
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12
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Knittel LL, Zhao H, Nguyen A, Miranda A, Schuck P, Sousa AA. Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Zwitterionic Glutathione Monoethyl Ester: A Model Platform for the Incorporation of Functional Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3892-3902. [PMID: 32352799 PMCID: PMC8435207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials exhibiting distinctive physicochemical, molecular, and in vivo properties. Recently, we showed that ultrasmall AuNPs encompassing a zwitterionic glutathione monoethyl ester surface coating (AuGSHzwt) were highly resistant to aggregation and serum protein interactions. Herein, we performed a new set of biointeraction studies to gain a more fundamental understanding into the behavior of both pristine and peptide-functionalized AuGSHzwt in complex media. Using the model Strep-tag peptide (WSHPQFEK) as an integrated functional group, we established that AuGSHzwt could be conjugated with increasing numbers of Strep-tags by simple ligand exchange, which provides a generic approach for AuGSHzwt functionalization. It was found that the strep-tagged AuGSHzwt particles were highly resistant to nonspecific protein interactions and retained their targeting capability in biological fluid, displaying efficient binding to Streptactin receptors in nearly undiluted serum. However, AuGSHzwt functionalized with multiple Strep-tags displayed somewhat lower resistance to protein interactions and lower levels of binding to Streptactin than monofunctionalized AuGSHzwt under given conditions. These results underscore the need for optimizing ligand density onto the surface of ultrasmall AuNPs for improved performance. Collectively, our findings support ultrasmall AuGSHzwt as an attractive platform for engineering functional, protein-mimetic nanostructures capable of specific protein recognition within the complex biological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza L. Knittel
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Huaying Zhao
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antônio Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Schuck
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alioscka A. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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He X, Xia Q, Shi Q, Fu PP. Effects of glutathione and cysteine on pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity and DNA adduct formation in rat primary hepatocytes. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog 2020; 38:109-123. [PMID: 32500832 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1738161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic phytochemicals. Upon metabolic activation, PAs produce dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (dehydro-PAs) as reactive primary pyrrolic metabolites. Dehydro-PAs are unstable, facilely hydrolyzed to (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP). Both dehydro-PAs and DHP are capable of binding to cellular DNA and proteins to form DHP-DNA and DHP-protein adducts leading to tumorigenicity and cytotoxicity. We recently determined that the reaction of dehydro-PAs with glutathione and cysteine generated 7-glutathione-DHP (7-GS-DHP) and 7-cysteine-DHP, respectively which can also bind to DNA to produce DHP-DNA adducts. In this study, we determined the effects of glutathione and cysteine on the induction of hepatocytotoxicity and the formation of DHP-DNA adducts in primary hepatocytes cultured with riddelliine and monocrotaline. We found that both glutathione and cysteine can drastically reduce hepatotoxicity while the levels of DHP-DNA adduct formation are slightly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo He
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Qingsu Xia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Peter P Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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14
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Abstract
Sulfane sulfur is a divalent sulfur atom bonded to another sulfur which is very reactive and labile. Compounds containing this reactive sulfur include persulfides, polysulfides, thiosulfate, thiosulfinates, polythionates, and elemental sulfur. Sulfane sulfur appears in a number of biologically important compounds, including thiocysteine, thiocystine and thiotaurine, products of the cysteine metabolism, as well as glutathione persulfide. Sulfane sulfur compounds can modify cysteine residues in proteins via an S-sulfhydration reaction to produce protein persulfides. It has been also postulated that cysteine persulfides can be incorporated into proteins during translation. Recently, the sulfane sulfur compounds, especially the persulfides and polysulfides, have attracted increasing interest due to their regulatory and antioxidant properties. Compounds containing sulfane sulfur are also regarded as a form of H2S storage, which can easily release this gasotransmitter in response to biological signals. Both reactive sulfur species (H2S and sulfane sulfur) always coexist in biological systems. This review is focused on new findings in the field of sulfane sulfur's biological role, and disruption of its level in some patho/physiological conditions. A few sulfane sulfur donors with potential applications are presented. In recent years, in parallel to increasing interest in biological importance of sulfane sulfur, new analytical methods have been developed for sensitive and reliable determination of its level in the cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Iciek
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bilska-Wilkosz
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Rabhi C, Arcile G, Le Goff G, Da Costa Noble C, Ouazzani J. Neuroprotective Effect of CR-777, a Glutathione Derivative of Withaferin A, Obtained through the Bioconversion of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Extract by the Fungus Beauveria bassiana. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244599. [PMID: 31888204 PMCID: PMC6943490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of Withania somnifera extract by the fungus Beauveria bassiana leads to cysteine and glutathione derivatives of withaferin A at the C-6 position. The compounds were purified and fully characterized by 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and HRMS analysis. The glutathione derivative CR-777 was evaluated as a neuroprotective agent from damage caused by different neurotoxins mimicking molecular symptoms in Parkinson´s disease (PD), including 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and α-synuclein (α-Syn). CR-777, at nanomolar concentrations, protected dopaminergic and cortical neurons. In 6-OHDA-treated neurons, CR-777 increased cell survival and neurite network and decreased the expression of α-Syn. Using specific inhibitors of cell toxicity signaling pathways and specific staining experiments, the observed role of CR-777 seemed to involve the PI3K/mTOR pathway. CR-777 could be considered as a protective agent against a large panel of neuronal stressors and was engaged in further therapeutic development steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chérif Rabhi
- Laboratoire Ethnodyne, 151 Boulevard Haussmann, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Arcile
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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16
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Luo YS, Cichocki JA, Hsieh NH, Lewis L, Wright FA, Threadgill DW, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Using Collaborative Cross Mouse Population to Fill Data Gaps in Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Population-Based Analysis of Toxicokinetics and Kidney Toxicodynamics of Tetrachloroethylene. Environ Health Perspect 2019; 127:67011. [PMID: 31246107 PMCID: PMC6792382 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual variability in susceptibility remains poorly characterized for environmental chemicals such as tetrachloroethylene (PERC). Development of population-based experimental models provide a potential approach to fill this critical need in human health risk assessment. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to better characterize the contribution of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to kidney toxicity of PERC and the degree of associated interindividual toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) variability by using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. METHODS Male mice from 45 strains were intragastrically dosed with PERC ([Formula: see text]) or vehicle (5% Alkamuls EL-620 in saline), and time-course samples were collected for up to 24 h. Population variability in TK of S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)GSH (TCVG), S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (TCVC), and N-acetyl-S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (NAcTCVC) was quantified in serum, liver, and kidney, and analyzed using a toxicokinetic model. Effects of PERC on kidney weight, fatty acid metabolism-associated genes [ Acot1 (Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1), Fabp1 (fatty acid-binding protein 1), and Ehhadh (enoyl-coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase)], and a marker of proximal tubular injury [KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1)/Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 ( Havcr1)] were evaluated. Finally, quantitative data on interstrain variability in both formation of GSH conjugation metabolites of PERC and its kidney effects was used to calculate adjustment factors for the interindividual variability in both TK and TD. RESULTS Mice treated with PERC had significantly lower kidney weight, higher kidney-to-body weight (BW) ratio, and higher expression of fatty acid metabolism-associated genes ( Acot1, Fabp1, and Ehhadh) and a marker of proximal tubular injury (KIM-1/ Havcr1). Liver levels of TCVG were significantly correlated with KIM-1/ Havcr1 in kidney, consistent with kidney injury being associated with GSH conjugation. We found that the default uncertainty factor for human variability may be marginally adequate to protect 95%, but not more, of the population for kidney toxicity mediated by PERC. DISCUSSION Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of the CC mouse population in characterizing metabolism-toxicity interactions and quantifying interindividual variability. Further refinement of the characterization of interindividual variability can be accomplished by incorporating these data into in silico population models both for TK (such as a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model), as well as for toxicodynamic responses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cichocki
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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17
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Poluektov YM, Petrushanko IY, Undrovinas NA, Lakunina VA, Khapchaev AY, Kapelko VI, Abramov AA, Lakomkin VL, Novikov MS, Shirinsky VP, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Glutathione-related substances maintain cardiomyocyte contractile function in hypoxic conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4872. [PMID: 30890744 PMCID: PMC6425009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe hypoxia leads to decline in cardiac contractility and induces arrhythmic events in part due to oxidative damage to cardiomyocyte proteins including ion transporters. This results in compromised handling of Ca2+ ions that trigger heart contractile machinery. Here, we demonstrate that thiol-containing compounds such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione ethyl ester (et-GSH), oxidized tetraethylglutathione (tet-GSSG), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are capable of reducing negative effects of hypoxia on isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Preincubation of cardiomyocytes with 0.1 mM GSNO, 0.5 mM et-GSH, GSSG, tet-GSSG or with 10 mM NAC allows cells 5-times longer tolerate the hypoxic conditions and elicit regular Ca2+ transients in response to electric pacing. The shape of Ca2+ transients generated in the presence of GSNO, et-GSH and NAC was similar to that observed in normoxic control cardiomyocytes. The leader compound, GSNO, accelerated by 34% the recovery of normal contractile function of isolated rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. GSNO increased glutathionylation of Na,K-ATPase alpha-2 subunit, the principal ion-transporter of cardiac myocyte sarcolemma, which prevents irreversible oxidation of Na,K-ATPase and regulates its function to support normal Ca2+ ion handling in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Altogether, GSNO appears effective cardioprotector in hypoxic conditions worth further studies toward its cardiovascular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M Poluektov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Trubetskaya St. 8/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nidas A Undrovinas
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Valentina A Lakunina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asker Y Khapchaev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Valery I Kapelko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander A Abramov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Lakomkin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq. 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Shirinsky
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Yagüe-Capilla M, García-Caballero D, Aguilar-Pereyra F, Castillo-Acosta VM, Ruiz-Pérez LM, Vidal AE, González-Pacanowska D. Base excision repair plays an important role in the protection against nitric oxide- and in vivo-induced DNA damage in Trypanosoma brucei. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:59-71. [PMID: 30472364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) initiates the base excision repair pathway by excising uracil from DNA. We have previously shown that Trypanosoma brucei cells defective in UNG exhibit reduced infectivity thus demonstrating the relevance of this glycosylase for survival within the mammalian host. In the early steps of the immune response, nitric oxide (NO) is released by phagocytes, which in combination with oxygen radicals produce reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These species can react with DNA generating strand breaks and base modifications including deaminations. Since deaminated cytosines are the main substrate for UNG, we hypothesized that the glycosylase might confer protection towards nitrosative stress. Our work establishes the occurrence of genotoxic damage in Trypanosoma brucei upon exposure to NO in vitro and shows that deficient base excision repair results in increased levels of damage in DNA and a hypermutator phenotype. We also evaluate the incidence of DNA damage during infection in vivo and show that parasites recovered from mice exhibit higher levels of DNA strand breaks, base deamination and repair foci compared to cells cultured in vitro. Notably, the absence of UNG leads to reduced infectivity and enhanced DNA damage also in animal infections. By analysing mRNA and protein levels, we found that surviving UNG-KO trypanosomes highly express tryparedoxin peroxidase involved in trypanothione/tryparedoxin metabolism. These observations suggest that the immune response developed by the host enhances the activation of genes required to counteract oxidative stress and emphasize the importance of DNA repair pathways in the protection to genotoxic and oxidative stress in trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Yagüe-Capilla
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Caballero
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Pereyra
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor M Castillo-Acosta
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio E Vidal
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra". Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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19
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Wang Q, Liu H, Slavsky M, Fitzgerald M, Lu C, O'Shea T. A high-throughput glutathione trapping assay with combined high sensitivity and specificity in high-resolution mass spectrometry by applying product ion extraction and data-dependent neutral loss. J Mass Spectrom 2019; 54:158-166. [PMID: 30537107 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive metabolites are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of some drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs), which is of concern to patient safety and has been a cause of drugs being withdrawn from the market place. To identify drugs with a lower propensity for causing DILI and/or IADRs, high-throughput assays to capture reactive metabolites are required in pharmaceutical industry for early drug discovery risk assessment. We describe the development of an assay to detect glutathione adducts with combined high sensitivity, enhanced specificity, and rapid data analysis. In this assay, compounds were incubated with human liver microsomes and a mixture of 1:1 of GSH (γ-GluCysGly): GSX(γ-GluCysGly-13 C2 15 N) in a 96-well plate format. UPLC-UV and LTQ Orbitrap XL were employed to detect GSH-adducts using the following mass spectrometry setups: (a) selected ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z of 274 ± 3 Da in negative mode with in-source fragmentation (SCID), which enables simultaneously monitoring two characteristic product ions of m/z 272.0888 (γ-glutamyl-dehydroalanyl-glycine) and 275.0926 (γ-glutamyl-dehydroalanyl-glycine-13 C2 15 N); (b) full scan mode for acquisition of exact mass of glutathione adducts; (c) data-dependent MS2 scan through isotopic matching (M:M + 3.00375 = 1:1) for monitoring neutral loss fragments (144 Da from dehydroalanyl-glycine) and for structural information of glutathione adducts. This approach was qualified using eight compounds known to form GSH conjugates as reported in the literature. The high sensitivity and specificity were demonstrated in identifying unique CysGly adducts in the case of clozapine, diclofenac, and raloxifene and in identifying GSH-adducts of fragmented parent molecules in the case of amodiaquine and troglitazone. In addition, LC-UV chromatograms in the presence or absence of GSH/GSX allowed for identification of the rearranged glutathione adducts without aforementioned characteristic fragment ions. Implement of this assay in drug discovery small molecule programs has successfully guided drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Hanlan Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Slavsky
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Fitzgerald
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Chuang Lu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas O'Shea
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi, Waltham, Massachusetts
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20
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Hamid HA, Tanaka A, Ida T, Nishimura A, Matsunaga T, Fujii S, Morita M, Sawa T, Fukuto JM, Nagy P, Tsutsumi R, Motohashi H, Ihara H, Akaike T. Polysulfide stabilization by tyrosine and hydroxyphenyl-containing derivatives that is important for a reactive sulfur metabolomics analysis. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101096. [PMID: 30634125 PMCID: PMC6327103 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological importance of reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as cysteine hydropersulfide (CysSSH) has been increasingly recognized in recent years. We have established a reactive sulfur metabolomics analysis by using RSS metabolic profiling, which revealed appreciable amounts of RSS generated endogenously and ubiquitously in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The chemical nature of these polysulfides is not fully understood, however, because of their reactive or complicated redox-active properties. In our study here, we determined that tyrosine and a hydroxyphenyl-containing derivative, β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl iodoacetamide (HPE-IAM), had potent stabilizing effects on diverse polysulfide residues formed in CysSSH-related low-molecular-weight species, e.g., glutathione polysulfides (oxidized glutathione trisulfide and oxidized glutathione tetrasulfide). The protective effect against degradation was likely caused by the inhibitory activity of hydroxyphenyl residues of tyrosine and HPE-IAM against alkaline hydrolysis of polysulfides. This hydrolysis occurred via heterolytic scission triggered by the hydroxyl anion acting on polysulfides that are cleaved into thiolates and sulfenic acids, with the hydrolysis being enhanced by alkylating reagents (e.g. IAM) and dimedone. Moreover, tyrosine prevented electrophilic degradation occurring in alkaline pH. The polysulfide stabilization induced by tyrosine or the hydroxyphenyl moiety of HPE-IAM will greatly improve our understanding of the chemical properties of polysulfides and may benefit the sulfur metabolomics analysis if it can be applied successfully to any kind of biological samples, including clinical specimens. Polysulfides undergo hydrolysis under alkaline pH conditions. Alkylating reagents and dimedone enhance polysulfide decomposition. Tyr and hydroxyphenyl derivatives inhibit alkaline-induced polysulfide hydrolysis. Tyr protects polysulfides from electrophile- and dimedone-enhanced hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisyam Abdul Hamid
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigemoto Fujii
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Ryouhei Tsutsumi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Jana GA, Al Kharusi L, Sunkar R, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. Metabolomic analysis of date palm seedlings exposed to salinity and silicon treatments. Plant Signal Behav 2019; 14:1663112. [PMID: 31505987 PMCID: PMC6804709 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1663112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is known to promote plant growth as well as stress tolerance of plants. The current study was undertaken to assess the growth promoting effect of silicon on date palm seedling development as well as its ability to abate some of the negative effects of salinity. In this study, date palm seedlings were treated with silicon and sodium chloride salts, and the effect of these salts on some physiological parameters of the plants was determined. In addition, a global nontargeted metabolomics analysis was performed for the leaf and root tissues using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that under non-stress conditions, silicon treatment enhanced the growth of the date palm seedlings, however, under salinity, silicon slightly mitigates the negative effects of salt stress on the date palm seedlings although it enhances the potassium accumulation under this condition. The global metabolomics analysis has identified a total of 1,101 significant differentially accumulated (p, q ≤ 0.05) metabolites in leaves and roots under silicon, salinity or their combination. A differential pairwise metabolic profile comparison revealed the accumulation of distinct metabolites in response to silicon and salinity treatments such as antioxidant compounds pyridoxine, cepharanthine, allithiamine, myristic acid and boldine; osmoregulators such as mucic acid; along with the accumulation of detoxification intermediates such as S-D-lactoylglutathione, beta-cyano-L-alanine and gamma-glutamyl-conjugates. In addition, histochemical analyses revealed that application of silicon significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the formation of the Casparian strip. Identification of the differentially accumulated metabolites could offer an insight into how silicon is able to promote growth and salinity tolerance in date palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Aplang Jana
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Latifa Al Kharusi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud W. Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- CONTACT Mahmoud W. Yaish , Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
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22
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Mężyńska M, Brzóska MM, Rogalska J, Piłat-Marcinkiewicz B. Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries Prevents Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Liver: A Study in A Rat Model of Low-Level and Moderate Lifetime Human Exposure to this Toxic Metal. Nutrients 2018; 11:E21. [PMID: 30577648 PMCID: PMC6357096 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated, in a rat model of low-level and moderate environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd; 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg diet, respectively, for 3 to 24 months), whether the co-administration of 0.1% extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AE) may protect against oxidative stress in the liver and in this way mediate this organ status. The intoxication with Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, weakened the enzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased the concentrations of reduced glutathione and total thiol groups, and increased the concentrations of oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, xanthine oxidase, and myeloperoxidase in this organ. These resulted in a decrease in the total antioxidative status, increase in the total oxidative status and development of oxidative stress (increased oxidative stress index and malondialdehyde concentration) and histopathological changes in the liver. The administration of AE at both levels of Cd treatment significantly improved the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased pro-oxidant concentration, and protected from the development of oxidative stress in the liver and changes in its morphology, as well as normalized the serum activities of liver enzymes markers. In conclusion, consumption of aronia products may prevent Cd-induced destroying the oxidative/antioxidative balance and development of oxidative stress in the liver protecting against this organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mężyńska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata M Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Barbara Piłat-Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 13 street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
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23
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Giustarini D, Galvagni F, Dalle Donne I, Milzani A, Severi FM, Santucci A, Rossi R. N-acetylcysteine ethyl ester as GSH enhancer in human primary endothelial cells: A comparative study with other drugs. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:202-209. [PMID: 30114478 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs are currently in use as glutathione (GSH) enhancers in clinical, pre-clinical and experimental research. Here we compare the ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-EE) and N-acetylcysteine ethyl ester (NACET) to increase the intracellular concentration of GSH using primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as in vitro model. Our experiments highlighted that NACET is largely the most efficient molecule in increasing the intracellular levels of GSH, cysteine, and γ-glutamylcysteine. This is because NACET is lipophilic and can freely cross plasma membrane but, inside the cell, it is de-esterified to the more hydrophilic NAC, which, in turn, is trapped into the cell and slowly transformed into cysteine. The higher availability of cysteine is matched by an increase in GSH synthesis, cysteine availability being the rate limiting step for this reaction. Surprisingly, the increase in GSH concentration was not linear but peaked at 0.5 mM NACET and gradually decreased when cells were treated with higher concentrations of NACET. We demonstrated that this puzzling ceiling effect was due to the fact that NAC released from NACET turned out to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase, with a Ki value of 3.2 mM. By using a cell culture medium lacking of cysteine and methionine, we could demonstrate that the slight increase in intracellular levels of cysteine and GSH induced by NAC in HUVEC grown in standard medium was due to the reduction of the cystine present in the medium itself there rather than to the action of NAC as Cys pro-drug. This fact may explain why NAC works well as GSH enhancer at very high concentrations in pre-clinical and in vitro studies, whereas it failed in most clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle Donne
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Filiberto Maria Severi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Via delle Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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24
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Pasalic L, Wing‐Lun E, Lau JK, Campbell H, Pennings GJ, Lau E, Connor D, Liang HP, Muller D, Kritharides L, Hogg PJ, Chen VM. Novel assay demonstrates that coronary artery disease patients have heightened procoagulant platelet response. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1198-1210. [PMID: 29569428 PMCID: PMC6635759 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Procoagulant platelets can be detected using GSAO in human whole blood. Stable coronary artery disease is associated with a heightened procoagulant platelet response. Agonist-induced procoagulant platelet response is not inhibited by aspirin alone. Collagen plus thrombin induced procoagulant platelet response is partially resistant to clopidogrel. SUMMARY Background Procoagulant platelets are a subset of highly activated platelets with a critical role in thrombin generation. Evaluation of their clinical utility in thrombotic disorders, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), has been thwarted by the lack of a sensitive and specific whole blood assay. Objectives We developed a novel assay, utilizing the cell death marker, GSAO [(4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino)phenylarsonous acid], and the platelet activation marker, P-selectin, to identify procoagulant platelets in whole blood by flow cytometry. Patients/Methods Using this assay, we characterized the procoagulant platelet population in healthy controls and a cohort of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. Results In patients with CAD, compared with patients without CAD, there was a heightened procoagulant platelet response to thrombin (25.2% vs. 12.2%), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (7.8% vs. 2.7%) and thrombin plus collagen (27.2% vs. 18.3%). The heightened procoagulant platelet potential in CAD patients was not associated with other markers of platelet function, including aggregation, dense granule release and activation of α2b β3 integrin. Although dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was associated with partial suppression of procoagulant platelets, this inhibitory effect on a patient level could not be predicted by aggregation response to ADP and was not fully suppressed by clopidogrel. Conclusions We report for the first time that procoagulant platelets can be efficiently detected in a few microliters of whole blood using the cell death marker, GSAO, and the platelet activation marker, P-selectin. A heightened procoagulant platelet response may provide insight into the thrombotic risk of CAD and help identify a novel target for antiplatelet therapies in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pasalic
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Departments of Clinical and Laboratory HaematologyInstitute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR)NSW Health Pathology and Westmead HospitalWestmeadAustralia
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and HaemostasisWestmeadAustralia
| | | | - J. K. Lau
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - H. Campbell
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - G. J. Pennings
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - E. Lau
- Departments of Clinical and Laboratory HaematologyInstitute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR)NSW Health Pathology and Westmead HospitalWestmeadAustralia
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and HaemostasisWestmeadAustralia
| | - D. Connor
- Blood, Stem Cell and Cancer Research UnitSt Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - H. P. Liang
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - D. Muller
- St Vincent's HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - L. Kritharides
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - P. J. Hogg
- The Centenary InstituteSydneyAustralia
- Trials CentreNational Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - V. M. Chen
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of HaematologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyAustralia
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25
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Sayed M, Matsui N, Hiraishi N, Nikaido T, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effect of Glutathione Bio-Molecule on Tooth Discoloration Associated with Silver Diammine Fluoride. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051322. [PMID: 29710829 PMCID: PMC5983840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Glutathione (GSH) bio-molecule on the reduction of enamel and dentin discoloration after application of 38% silver diammine fluoride solution (SDF). One hundred and twenty bovine teeth specimens were used. The enamel and dentin specimens were divided into three groups: (1) SDF only (control); (2) SDF followed by application of a potassium iodide solution (KI); and (3) SDF mixed with 20% GSH. Half the specimens were exposed to light and the remainder kept in dark conditions (n = 10) Color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer at the following time intervals: before solution application (baseline) and immediately after application, then 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7, 10 and 14 days. SEM/EDS analysis was performed on treated enamel and dentin. Statistical analysis was done using a repeated measures ANOVA test. The spectrophotometer results showed that the SDF group exhibited the greatest color changes under both light exposed and dark conditions, while SDF + GSH group was effective in decreasing the color changes in both light and dark conditions. The SDF + KI group showed an insignificant color changes over time. SEM/EDS analysis showed different patterns for the silver crystal formation in each group (SDF, SDF + GSH, and SDF + KI group). It was concluded GSH can effectively minimize color changes after application of SDF, especially on enamel and to a lesser extent on dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sayed
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8549 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8549 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8549 Tokyo, Japan.
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26
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de Guglielmo G, Conlisk DE, Barkley-Levenson AM, Palmer AA, George O. Inhibition of Glyoxalase 1 reduces alcohol self-administration in dependent and nondependent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 167:36-41. [PMID: 29505808 PMCID: PMC5866249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) gene modulates anxiety-like behavior, seizure susceptibility, depression-like behavior, and alcohol drinking in the drinking-in-the-dark paradigm in nondependent mice. Administration of the small-molecule GLO1 inhibitor S-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (pBBG) decreased alcohol drinking in nondependent mice, suggesting a possible therapeutic strategy. However, the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of pBBG in animal models of alcohol dependence remains to be demonstrated. We tested the effect of pBBG (7.5 and 25 mg/kg) on operant alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent and nondependent rats. Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 10% alcohol (v/v) and made dependent by chronic intermittent passive exposure to alcohol vapor for 5 weeks. Pretreatment with pBBG dose-dependently reduced alcohol self-administration in both nondependent and dependent animals, without affecting water self-administration. pBBG treatment was more effective in dependent rats than in nondependent rats. These data extend previous findings that implicated Glo1 in alcohol drinking in nondependent mice by showing even more profound effects in alcohol-dependent rats. These results suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of GLO1 is a relevant therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Dana E Conlisk
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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27
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Thayumanavan P, Loganathan C, Iruthayaraj A, Poomani K, Nallaiyan S. S-allyl-glutathione, a synthetic analogue of glutathione protected liver against carbon tetrachloride toxicity: Focus towards anti-oxidative efficiency. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 58:21-28. [PMID: 29278860 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple analogue of well known natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) called S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress liver injury in rat. Pretreatment of SAG attenuated the CCl4-toxicity induced elevation of liver injury markers such as enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and LDH) and bilirubin in the blood circulation. Such protective effect of SAG resulted in preservation of liver function observed as normal level of total protein and albumin in plasma as well as inhibition of dyslipidemia in liver. In addition, in silico analysis has proved that SAG has strong affinity with the amino acids present in active site of the human cytochrome P450 2E1 and 3A4. Three important mechanisms provided by SAG such as scavenging of reactive oxidants, replenishing of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, GSH and vitamin C) and protection of mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation complex activities) are involved in the optimal function of liver against CCl4-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India
| | - Ancy Iruthayaraj
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India
| | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India
| | - Selvan Nallaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu 612002, India.
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Krishnan HB, Song B, Oehrle NW, Cameron JC, Jez JM. Impact of overexpression of cytosolic isoform of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase on soybean nodulation and nodule metabolome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2367. [PMID: 29402985 PMCID: PMC5799319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing nodules, which are also major sites of sulfur assimilation, contribute significantly to the sulfur needs of whole soybean plants. Nodules are the predominant sites for cysteine accumulation and the activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASS) is central to the sulfur assimilation process in plants. Here, we examined the impact of overexpressing OASS on soybean nodulation and nodule metabolome. Overexpression of OASS did not affect the nodule number, but negatively impacted plant growth. HPLC measurement of antioxidant metabolites demonstrated that levels of cysteine, glutathione, and homoglutathione nearly doubled in OASS overexpressing nodules when compared to control nodules. Metabolite profiling by LC-MS and GC-MS demonstrated that several metabolites related to serine, aspartate, glutamate, and branched-chain amino acid pathways were significantly elevated in OASS overexpressing nodules. Striking differences were also observed in the flavonoid levels between the OASS overexpressing and control soybean nodules. Our results suggest that OASS overexpressing plants compensate for the increase in carbon requirement for sulfur assimilation by reducing the biosynthesis of some amino acids, and by replenishing the TCA cycle through fatty acid hydrolysis. These data may indicate that in OASS overexpressing soybean nodules there is a moderate decease in the supply of energy metabolites to the nodule, which is then compensated by the degradation of cellular components to meet the needs of the nodule energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari B Krishnan
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 105 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Bo Song
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 105 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology at the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Nathan W Oehrle
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 105 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0596, USA
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
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29
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Yamaki T, de Haas HJ, Tahara N, Petrov A, Mohar D, Haider N, Zhou J, Tahara A, Takeishi Y, Boersma HH, Scarabelli T, Kini A, Strauss HW, Narula J. Cardioprotection by minocycline in a rabbit model of ischemia/reperfusion injury: Detection of cell death by in vivo 111In-GSAO SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:94-100. [PMID: 28840574 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies indicate that minocycline protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In these studies, minocycline was administered before ischemia, which can rarely occur in clinical practice. The current study aimed to evaluate cardioprotection by minocycline treatment upon reperfusion. METHODS Rabbits were subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and received either intravenous minocycline (n = 8) or saline (n = 8) upon reperfusion. Cardiac cell death was assessed by in vivo micro-SPECT/CT after injection of Indium-111-labeled 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid (111In-GSAO). Thereafter, hearts were explanted for ex vivo imaging, γ-counting, and histopathological characterization. RESULTS Myocardial damage was visualized by micro-SPECT/CT imaging. Quantitative GSAO uptake (expressed as percent injected dose per gram, %ID/g) in the area at risk was lower in minocycline-treated animals than that in saline-treated control animals (0.32 ± 0.13% vs 0.48 ± 0.15%, P = 0.04). TUNEL staining confirmed the reduction of cell death in minocycline-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates cardioprotection by minocycline in a clinically translatable protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hans J de Haas
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nobuhiro Tahara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Artiom Petrov
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dilbahar Mohar
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nezam Haider
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Atsuko Tahara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tiziano Scarabelli
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Annapoorna Kini
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - H William Strauss
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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30
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Dickerhof N, Pearson JF, Hoskin TS, Berry LJ, Turner R, Sly PD, Kettle AJ. Oxidative stress in early cystic fibrosis lung disease is exacerbated by airway glutathione deficiency. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:236-243. [PMID: 28982600 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) is recognized as a major source of oxidative stress at the airway surface of a cystic fibrosis (CF) lung where, despite limited evidence, the antioxidant glutathione is widely considered to be low. The aims of this study were to establish whether oxidative stress or glutathione status are associated with bronchiectasis and whether glutathione deficiency is inherently linked to CF or a consequence of oxidative stress. MPO was measured by ELISA in 577 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 205 clinically-phenotyped infants and children with CF and 58 children without CF (ages 0.2-6.92 years). Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione species (GSSG; glutathione attached to proteins, GSSP; glutathione sulfonamide, GSA) and allantoin, an oxidation product of uric acid, were measured by mass spectrometry. The odds of having bronchiectasis were associated with MPO and GSSP. GSH was low in children with CF irrespective of oxidation. Oxidized glutathione species were significantly elevated in CF children with pulmonary infections compared to uninfected CF children. In non-CF children, infections had no effect on glutathione levels. An inadequate antioxidant response to neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress during infections exists in CF due to an inherent glutathione deficiency. Effective delivery of glutathione and inhibition of MPO may slow the development of bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Teagan S Hoskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Luke J Berry
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rufus Turner
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Luo YS, Furuya S, Chiu W, Rusyn I. Characterization of inter-tissue and inter-strain variability of TCE glutathione conjugation metabolites DCVG, DCVC, and NAcDCVC in the mouse. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2017; 81:37-52. [PMID: 29190187 PMCID: PMC6088749 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1408512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that is a liver and kidney carcinogen. Conjugation of TCE with glutathione (GSH) leads to formation of nepthrotoxic and mutagenic metabolites postulated to be critical for kidney cancerdevelopment; however, relatively little is known regarding their tissue levels as previous analytical methods for their detection lacked sensitivity. Here, an LC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneous detection of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione (DCVG), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (NAcDCVC) in multiple mouse tissues was developed. This analytical method is rapid, sensitive (limits of detection (LOD) 3-30 fmol across metabolites and tissues), and robust to quantify all three metabolites in liver, kidneys, and serum. The method was used to characterize inter-tissue and inter-strain variability in formation of conjugative metabolites of TCE. Single oral dose of TCE (24, 240 or 800 mg/kg) was administered to male mice from 20 inbred strains of Collaborative Cross. Inter-strain variability in the levels of DCVG, DCVC, and NAcDCVC (GSD = 1.6-2.9) was observed. Whereas NAcDCVC was distributed equally among analyzed tissues, highest levels of DCVG were detected in liver and DCVC in kidneys. Evidence indicated that inter-strain variability in conjugative metabolite formation of TCE might affect susceptibility to adverse health effects and that this method might aid in filling data gaps in human health assessment of TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Corresponding author: Ivan Rusyn, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; ; (979)-458-9866
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Bai J, Qu Y, Cao Y, Yang L, Ge L, Jin Y, Wang H, Song F. The SMN1 common variant c.22 dupA in Chinese patients causes spinal muscular atrophy by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in humans. Gene 2017; 644:49-55. [PMID: 29080838 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder that is mostly caused by homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene. Approximately 5%-10% of SMA patients are believed to have SMN1 variants. c.22 dupA (p.Ser8lysfs*23) has been identified as the most frequent variant in the Chinese SMA population and to be associated with a severe phenotype. However, the exact molecular mechanism of the variant on the pathogenesis of SMA is unclear. We observed that SMN1 mRNA and the SMN protein in the peripheral blood cells of a patient with c.22 dupA were lower than those of controls. The aim of this study is to investigate whether nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) plays a role in the mechanism of the c.22 dupA variant of the SMN1 gene as it causes SMA. Two lymphoblasts cell lines from two patients (patient 1 and 2) with the c.22 dupA, and one dermal fibroblasts cell line from patient 2 were included in our study. Two-stage validation of the NMD mechanism was supplied. We first measured the changes in the transcript levels of the SMN1 gene by real-time quantitative PCR after immortalized B-lymphoblasts and dermal fibroblasts cells of the SMA patients were treated with inhibitors of the NMD pathway, including puromycin and cyclohemide. Next, lentivirus-mediated knockdown of the key NMD factor-Up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1)-was performed in the fibroblasts cell line to further clarify whether the variant led to NMD, as UPF1 recognizes abnormally terminated transcripts as NMD substrates during translation. SC35 1.7-kb transcripts, a physiological NMD substrate was determined to be a NMD positive gene in our experiments. The two inhibitors resulted in a dramatic escalation of the levels of the full-length SMN1 (fl-SMN1) transcripts. Additionally, the SC35 1.7-kb mRNA levels were also increased, suggesting that NMD pathway is suppressed by the two inhibitors. For the 3 cell lines, the fold increase of the SMN1 transcript levels of cycloheximide ranged from 2.5±0.4 to 8.3±0.1, 1.9±0.2 to 5.0±0.7 and 2.2±0.1 to 4.9±0.2 for two lymphoblastoid cell lines and one fibroblasts cell line, respectively. For these cell lines, the fold increases of the SMN1 transcript levels of puromycin were as follows: 5.5±0.2 to 19.5±4.0, 3.1±0.3 to 9.9±1.8 and 1.5±0.2 to 6.5±0.5. Meanwhile, the SC35 1.7-kb transcript levels were markedly increased in all 3 cell lines. In addition, lentivirus-mediated UPF1 knockdown lead to a reduction of the UPF1 protein level to 22.5% compared to the negative control lentivirus. Additionally, knockdown of the UPF1 gene also promoted mRNA expression of the SC35 1.7kb and fl-SMN1 genes. The increases of the SMN1 and SC35 1.7-kb mRNA levels reached about 4- and 6.5-fold in fibroblasts derived from the patient 2, respectively. Altogether, our study provides the first evidence that the c.22 dupA variant in the SMN1 gene triggers NMD. SMA pathogenesis in the patient is associated with mRNA degradation of SMN1, but not the truncated SMN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinLi Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - YuJin Qu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - YanYan Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - YuWei Jin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fang Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
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Heng S, Zhang X, Pei J, Abell AD. A Rationally Designed Reversible 'Turn-Off' Sensor for Glutathione. Biosensors (Basel) 2017; 7:bios7030036. [PMID: 28878194 PMCID: PMC5618042 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine (GSH) plays a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems and a decrease in its cellular levels is associated with diseases. Existing fluorescence-based chemosensors for GSH acts as irreversible reaction-based probes that exhibit a maximum fluorescence (‘turn-on’) once the reaction is complete, regardless of the actual concentration of GSH. A reversible, reaction-based ‘turn-off’ probe (1) is reported here to sense the decreasing levels of GSH, a situation known to occur at the onset of various diseases. The more fluorescent merocyanine (MC) isomer of 1 exists in aqueous solution and this reacts with GSH to induce formation of the ring-closed spiropyran (SP) isomer, with a measurable decrease in absorbance and fluorescence (‘turn-off’). Sensor 1 has good aqueous solubility and shows an excellent selectivity for GSH over other biologically relevant metal ions and aminothiol analytes. The sensor permeates HEK 293 cells and an increase in fluorescence is observed on adding buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Heng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin Pei
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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Motl N, Skiba MA, Kabil O, Smith JL, Banerjee R. Structural and biochemical analyses indicate that a bacterial persulfide dioxygenase-rhodanese fusion protein functions in sulfur assimilation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14026-14038. [PMID: 28684420 PMCID: PMC5572905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule that is toxic at elevated concentrations. In eukaryotes, it is cleared via a mitochondrial sulfide oxidation pathway, which comprises sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, persulfide dioxygenase (PDO), rhodanese, and sulfite oxidase and converts H2S to thiosulfate and sulfate. Natural fusions between the non-heme iron containing PDO and rhodanese, a thiol sulfurtransferase, exist in some bacteria. However, little is known about the role of the PDO-rhodanese fusion (PRF) proteins in sulfur metabolism. Herein, we report the kinetic properties and the crystal structure of a PRF from the Gram-negative endophytic bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans The crystal structures of wild-type PRF and a sulfurtransferase-inactivated C314S mutant with and without glutathione were determined at 1.8, 2.4, and 2.7 Å resolution, respectively. We found that the two active sites are distant and do not show evidence of direct communication. The B. phytofirmans PRF exhibited robust PDO activity and preferentially catalyzed sulfur transfer in the direction of thiosulfate to sulfite and glutathione persulfide; sulfur transfer in the reverse direction was detectable only under limited turnover conditions. Together with the kinetic data, our bioinformatics analysis reveals that B. phytofirmans PRF is poised to metabolize thiosulfate to sulfite in a sulfur assimilation pathway rather than in sulfide stress response as seen, for example, with the Staphylococcus aureus PRF or sulfide oxidation and disposal as observed with the homologous mammalian proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Motl
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
| | - Meredith A Skiba
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Omer Kabil
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600
| | - Janet L Smith
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600.
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Munoz FM, Zhang F, Islas-Robles A, Lau SS, Monks TJ. From the Cover: ROS-Induced Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry Coupled to PARP-1 Hyperactivation Is Independent of PARG Activity in Necrotic Cell Death. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:444-453. [PMID: 28525621 PMCID: PMC5837598 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,5-tris(Glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone, a potent nephrotoxic and nephrocarcinogenic metabolite of benzene and hydroquinone, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing DNA strand breaks and the subsequent activation of DNA repair enzymes, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1. Under robust oxidative DNA damage, PARP-1 is hyperactivated, resulting in the depletion of NAD+ and ATP with accompanying elevations in intracellular calcium concentrations (iCa2+), and ultimately necrotic cell death. The role of Ca2+ during PARP-dependent necrotic cell death remains unclear. We therefore sought to determine the relationship between Ca2+ and PARP-1 during ROS-induced necrotic cell death in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2). Our experiments suggest that store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) entry contributes to the coupling of PARP-1 activation to increases in iCa2+ during ROS-induced cell death. Poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (PARG), which catalyzes the degradation of PARs to yield free ADP-ribose (ADPR), is known to activate Ca2+ channels such as TRPM2. However, siRNA knockdown of PARG did not restore cell viability, indicating that free ADPR is not responsible for SOC activation in HK-2 cells. The data indicate that PARP-1 and iCa2+ are coupled through activation of SOC mediated Ca2+ entry in an apparently ADPR-independent fashion; alternative PAR-mediated signaling likely contributes to PARP-dependent necrotic cell death, perhaps via PAR-mediated signaling proteins that regulate iCa2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Munoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Argel Islas-Robles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Serrine S. Lau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Terrence J. Monks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Rodríguez JV, Mamprin ME, Guibert EE, Labadié G. Protective Effect of Glutathione (GSH) over Glutathione Monoethyl-Ester (GSH-E) on Cold Preservation of Isolated Rat Liver Cells. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:245-51. [PMID: 7773558 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte suspensions provide a rapid method to determine how hypothermic storage affects liver cell metabolism and viability. We investigated whether reduced Glutathione (GSH) inclusion into a modified University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, has a protective effect over Glutathione derivatives, such as Glutathione-monoethylester (GSH-E), when suspensions of hepatocytes are cold stored for several days. Isolated rat liver cells were cold preserved 96 h in UW, UW plus 3 mM GSH and UW plus 3 mM GSHE. During the cold storage, not significant changes in cell viability were observed, but the total Glutathione content was higher in systems with extracellular GSH over those with GSH-E or without. After cold storage, the liver cells were gently resuspended in Krebs-Henseleit — 1% Albumin and used for 120 min of normothermic (37°C) incubation. We evaluate the functional response of the cells measuring the exclusion of Trypan Blue (TBE). This response was clearly different in preserved cells in presence of GSH. These results indicate a protective role of extracellular Glutathione, due to an accumulation of it, rather than the derivative, for hepatic cell during the cold storage in UW solutions. And also, it is possible to extend experiments with hepatocytes from a single cell isolation over 4 or more consecutive days
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Rodríguez
- Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Cs, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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Zhang J, Yan H, Lou MF. Does oxidative stress play any role in diabetic cataract formation? ----Re-evaluation using a thioltransferase gene knockout mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2017; 161:36-42. [PMID: 28579033 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a known risk factor in senile cataract formation. In recent years, it has been suggested that oxidation may also be associated with cataract induced by hyperglycemia, but this concept has not been well examined or validated. Since thioltransferase (TTase) is one of the key enzymes that regulates redox homeostasis and protects against oxidative stress in the lens, we have used TTase gene knockout (KO) mice as a model to examine this new concept. Lenses from 4 months old TTase KO and wild-type (WT) mice were incubated in TC199 culture medium containing 30 mM glucose for 48 h. Each lens was assessed for opacity, graded by LOCSII system, and the wet weight was recorded after which it was homogenized in lysis buffer and analyzed for water-soluble protein and free glutathione (GSH). In vivo studies were carried out using 4 months old TTase KO and WT mouse groups. Each mouse received two consecutive days of intraperitoneal streptozotozin (STZ) injections to induce diabetes. The lenses were examined weekly for 4 weeks using a slit-lamp biomicroscope, and then extracted and analyzed for levels of GSH, water-soluble protein, ATP and protein-GSH mixed disulfide (PSSG). TTase KO lenses cultured in high glucose developed a mild cortical opacity but slightly more than that of the WT lenses. Both groups had similar contents of soluble proteins and GSH. Exposure to high glucose did not change the soluble protein level but did suppress GSH by 20% in lenses with or without TTase. STZ-induced diabetic KO mice also developed a higher degree of mild cortical lens opacity compared to that of the diabetic WT controls. Similar 15-20% losses in lens GSH and ATP were found after one-month induced diabetes in WT and KO mice. There was a 20% greater amount of PSSG in the lenses of TTase KO than the WT control. Under diabetic condition, both groups displayed more glutathionylated proteins in the beta-actin (42 kDa) and lens crystallin proteins (18-22 kDa) regions, and some additional modified proteins at 15-17 kDa and 60-70 kDa, with a total 20-30% PSSG increment in both groups. In conclusion, we have found that hyperglycemia induced some oxidative stress-associated biochemical changes with mild lens opacity in both WT and KO mice. However, these changes were only marginally higher in the TTase KO mouse than that of the WT control, suggesting that TTase deletion may only play a minor role in the early stage of hyperglycemia-induced cataract formation in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Marjorie F Lou
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lincoln, NE, USA; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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38
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He X, Xia Q, Fu PP. 7-Glutathione-pyrrole and 7-cysteine-pyrrole are potential carcinogenic metabolites of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2017; 35:69-83. [PMID: 28418776 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2017.1298358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic phytochemicals. Metabolism of PAs in vivo generates four (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-DNA adducts that have been proposed to be responsible for PA-induced liver tumor formation in rats. In this present study, we determined that the same set of DHP-DNA adducts was formed upon the incubation of 7-glutathione-DHP and 7-cysteine-DHP with cultured human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. These results suggest that 7-glutathione-DHP and 7-cysteine-DHP are reactive metabolites of PAs that can bind to cellular DNA to form DHP-DNA adducts in HepG2 cells, and can potentially initiate liver tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo He
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , US Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Qingsu Xia
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , US Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Peter P Fu
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , US Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
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Sekioka T, Kadode M, Osakada N, Fujita M, Matsumura N, Yamaura Y, Nakade S, Nabe T, Kawabata K. A new CysLT 1 and CysLT 2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:18-24. [PMID: 28410666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the effectiveness of CysLT1 receptor antagonists on asthma has been clinically established, the effects of CysLT2 receptor antagonists are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to develop a new CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model using S-hexyl GSH, a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP) inhibitor, to suppress conversion of LTC4 to LTD4. Actively sensitized guinea pigs were challenged with OVA in the absence or presence of S-hexyl GSH, and survival rate following anaphylactic response was monitored. OVA-induced fatal anaphylaxis in the absence of S-hexyl GSH was almost completely inhibited by montelukast, a CysLT1 receptor antagonist, but not by the CysLT2 receptor antagonist BayCysLT2RA. However, under treatment with S-hexyl-GSH, the inhibitory effect of motelukast was dramatically diminished, whereas that of BayCysLT2RA was markedly increased. The dual CysLT1/2 receptor antagonist ONO-6950 effectively inhibited anaphylactic response in both S-hexyl GSH-treated and non-treated animals. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed that S-hexyl GSH treatment actually inhibited LTC4 metabolism in the blood and lung tissues. Using S-hexyl GSH, we developed a novel CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model that can be useful for not only screening both CysLT2 and CysLT1/2 receptors antagonists, but also for functional analysis of CysLT2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sekioka
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Michiaki Kadode
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Osakada
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujita
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamaura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakade
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawabata
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
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40
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Shimizu T, Shen J, Fang M, Zhang Y, Hori K, Trinidad JC, Bauer CE, Giedroc DP, Masuda S. Sulfide-responsive transcriptional repressor SqrR functions as a master regulator of sulfide-dependent photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2355-2360. [PMID: 28196888 PMCID: PMC5338557 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614133114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfide was used as an electron donor early in the evolution of photosynthesis, with many extant photosynthetic bacteria still capable of using sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a photosynthetic electron donor. Although enzymes involved in H2S oxidation have been characterized, mechanisms of regulation of sulfide-dependent photosynthesis have not been elucidated. In this study, we have identified a sulfide-responsive transcriptional repressor, SqrR, that functions as a master regulator of sulfide-dependent gene expression in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus SqrR has three cysteine residues, two of which, C41 and C107, are conserved in SqrR homologs from other bacteria. Analysis with liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray-interface tandem-mass spectrometer reveals that SqrR forms an intramolecular tetrasulfide bond between C41 and C107 when incubated with the sulfur donor glutathione persulfide. SqrR is oxidized in sulfide-stressed cells, and tetrasulfide-cross-linked SqrR binds more weakly to a target promoter relative to unmodified SqrR. C41S and C107S R. capsulatus SqrRs lack the ability to respond to sulfide, and constitutively repress target gene expression in cells. These results establish that SqrR is a sensor of H2S-derived reactive sulfur species that maintain sulfide homeostasis in this photosynthetic bacterium and reveal the mechanism of sulfide-dependent transcriptional derepression of genes involved in sulfide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jiangchuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Mingxu Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
| | - Koichi Hori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
| | - Carl E Bauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan;
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Hollenbach M, Thonig A, Pohl S, Ripoll C, Michel M, Zipprich A. Expression of glyoxalase-I is reduced in cirrhotic livers: A possible mechanism in the development of cirrhosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171260. [PMID: 28231326 PMCID: PMC5322979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO) cause cytotoxiticy via formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and inflammation. MGO is detoxificated enzymatically by glyoxalase-I (Glo-I). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of Glo-I during the development of cirrhosis. METHODS In primary hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (pHSC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (pLSEC) from rats with early (CCl4 8wk) and advanced cirrhosis (CCl4 12wk) expression and activity of Glo-I were determined and compared to control. LPS stimulation (24h; 100ng/ml) of HSC was conducted in absence or presence of the partial Glo-I inhibitor ethyl pyruvate (EP) and the specific Glo-I inhibitor BrBzGSHCp2. MGO, inflammatory and fibrotic markers were measured by ELISA and Western blot. Additional rats were treated with CCl4 ± EP 40mg/kg b.w. i.p. from wk 8-12 and analyzed with sirius red staining and Western blot. RESULTS Expression of Glo-I was significantly reduced in cirrhosis in whole liver and primary liver cells accompanied by elevated levels of MGO. Activity of Glo-I was reduced in cirrhotic pHSC and pLSEC. LPS induced increases of TNF-α, Nrf2, collagen-I, α-SMA, NF-kB and pERK of HSC were blunted by EP and BrBzGSHCp2. Treatment with EP during development of cirrhosis significantly decreased the amount of fibrosis (12wk CCl4: 33.3±7.3%; EP wk 8-12: 20.7±6.2%; p<0.001) as well as levels of α-SMA, TGF-β and NF-κB in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the importance of Glo-I as major detoxifying enzyme for MGO in cirrhosis. The reduced expression of Glo-I in cirrhosis demonstrates a possible explanation for increased inflammatory injury and suggests a "vicious circle" in liver disease. Blunting of the Glo-I activity decrease the amount of fibrosis in established cirrhosis and constitutes a novel target for antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Hollenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Antje Thonig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sabine Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Maurice Michel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipprich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chávez-Capilla T, Maher W, Kelly T, Foster S. Evaluation of the ability of arsenic species to traverse cell membranes by simple diffusion using octanol-water and liposome-water partition coefficients. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:222-232. [PMID: 29216971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic metabolism in living organisms is dependent on the ability of different arsenic species to traverse biological membranes. Simple diffusion provides an alternative influx and efflux route to mediated transport mechanisms that can increase the amount of arsenic available for metabolism in cells. Using octanol-water and liposome-water partition coefficients, the ability of arsenous acid, arsenate, methylarsonate, dimethylarsinate, thio-methylarsonate, thio-dimethylarsinic acid, arsenotriglutathione and monomethylarsonic diglutathione to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes was investigated. Molecular modelling of arsenic species was used to explain the results. All arsenic species with the exception of arsenate, methylarsonate and thio-methylarsonate were able to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of liposomes, with liposome-water partition coefficients between 0.04 and 0.13. Trivalent arsenic species and thio-pentavalent arsenic species showed higher partition coefficients, suggesting that they can easily traverse cell membranes by passive simple diffusion. Given the higher toxicity of these species compared to oxo-pentavalent arsenic species, this study provides evidence supporting the risk associated with human exposure to trivalent and thio-arsenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Chávez-Capilla
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - William Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tamsin Kelly
- National Centre for Forensic Studies, Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Simon Foster
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Rotondo R, Moschini R, Renzone G, Tuccinardi T, Balestri F, Cappiello M, Scaloni A, Mura U, Del-Corso A. Human carbonyl reductase 1 as efficient catalyst for the reduction of glutathionylated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:323-332. [PMID: 27562619 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human recombinant carbonyl reductase 1 (E.C. 1.1.1.184, hCBR1) is shown to efficiently act as aldehyde reductase on glutathionylated alkanals, namely 3-glutathionyl-4-hydroxynonanal (GSHNE), 3-glutathionyl-nonanal, 3-glutathionyl-hexanal and 3-glutathionyl-propanal. The presence of the glutathionyl moiety appears as a necessary requirement for the susceptibility of these compounds to the NADPH-dependent reduction by hCBR1. In fact the corresponding alkanals and alkenals, and the cysteinyl and γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl alkanals adducts were either ineffective or very poorly active as CBR1 substrates. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals the ability of hCBR1 to reduce GSHNE to the corresponding GS-dihydroxynonane (GSDHN) and at the same time to catalyze the oxidation of the hemiacetal form of GSHNE, generating the 3-glutathionylnonanoic-δ-lactone. These data are indicative of the ability of the enzyme to catalyze a disproportion reaction of the substrate through the redox recycle of the pyridine cofactor. A rationale for the observed preferential activity of hCBR1 on different GSHNE diastereoisomers is given by molecular modelling. These results evidence the potential of hCBR1 acting on GSHNE to accomplish a dual role, both in terms of HNE detoxification and, through the production of GSDHN, in terms of involvement into the signalling cascade of the cellular inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Rotondo
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, via S. Zeno, 51, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Moschini
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, via S. Zeno, 51, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-CNR, via Argine, 1085, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Balestri
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, via S. Zeno, 51, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Cappiello
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, via S. Zeno, 51, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-CNR, via Argine, 1085, Napoli, Italy
| | - Umberto Mura
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, via S. Zeno, 51, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Del-Corso
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, via S. Zeno, 51, Pisa, Italy.
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Tsugawa H, Kind T, Nakabayashi R, Yukihira D, Tanaka W, Cajka T, Saito K, Fiehn O, Arita M. Hydrogen Rearrangement Rules: Computational MS/MS Fragmentation and Structure Elucidation Using MS-FINDER Software. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7946-58. [PMID: 27419259 PMCID: PMC7063832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Compound identification from accurate mass MS/MS spectra is a bottleneck for untargeted metabolomics. In this study, we propose nine rules of hydrogen rearrangement (HR) during bond cleavages in low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). These rules are based on the classic even-electron rule and cover heteroatoms and multistage fragmentation. We evaluated our HR rules by the statistics of MassBank MS/MS spectra in addition to enthalpy calculations, yielding three levels of computational MS/MS annotation: "resolved" (regular HR behavior following HR rules), "semiresolved" (irregular HR behavior), and "formula-assigned" (lacking structure assignment). With this nomenclature, 78.4% of a total of 18506 MS/MS fragment ions in the MassBank database and 84.8% of a total of 36370 MS/MS fragment ions in the GNPS database were (semi-) resolved by predicted bond cleavages. We also introduce the MS-FINDER software for structure elucidation. Molecular formulas of precursor ions are determined from accurate mass, isotope ratio, and product ion information. All isomer structures of the predicted formula are retrieved from metabolome databases, and MS/MS fragmentations are predicted in silico. The structures are ranked by a combined weighting score considering bond dissociation energies, mass accuracies, fragment linkages, and, most importantly, nine HR rules. The program was validated by its ability to correctly calculate molecular formulas with 98.0% accuracy for 5063 MassBank MS/MS records and to yield the correct structural isomer with 82.1% accuracy within the top-3 candidates. In a test with 936 manually identified spectra from an untargeted HILIC-QTOF MS data set of human plasma, formulas were correctly predicted in 90.4% of the cases, and the correct isomer structure was retrieved at 80.4% probability within the top-3 candidates, including for compounds that were absent in mass spectral libraries. The MS-FINDER software is freely available at http://prime.psc.riken.jp/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsugawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tobias Kind
- Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masanori Arita
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Diab R, Virriat AS, Ronzani C, Fontanay S, Grandemange S, Elaissari A, Foliguet B, Maincent P, Leroy P, Duvaj RE, Rihn BH, Joubert O. Elaboration of Sterically Stabilized Liposomes for S-Nitrosoglutathione Targeting to Macrophages. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:217-30. [PMID: 27301185 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a potential therapeutic for infectious disease treatment because of its pivotal role in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and host defense in addition to direct antibacterial activities. In this study, sterically stabilized cationic liposomes (SSCL) and sterically stabilized anionic liposomes (SSAL) were developed as nanocarriers for macrophage targeting. Elaborated liposomes were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release behavior and cytotoxicity. Their versatility in targeting monocytes/macrophages was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry revealed that cellular uptake of both SSCL and SSAL was governed by several endocytic clathrin- and caveolae-dependent mechanisms. Quantitative assessments of intracellular nitric oxide demonstrated highly efficient uptake of GSNO-loaded SSCL that was twenty-fold higher than that of GSNO-free molecules. GSNO-loaded SSCL displayed strong bacteriostatic effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can be involved in pulmonary infectious diseases. These results reveal the potential of liposomal GSNO as an anti-infective therapeutic due to its macrophage targeting capacity and direct antibacterial effects.
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46
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Jahan MS, Nozulaidi M, Khairi M, Mat N. Light-harvesting complexes in photosystem II regulate glutathione-induced sensitivity of Arabidopsis guard cells to abscisic acid. J Plant Physiol 2016; 195:1-8. [PMID: 26970687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) in photosystem II (PSII) regulate glutathione (GSH) functions in plants. To investigate whether LHCs control GSH biosynthesis that modifies guard cell abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity, we evaluated GSH content, stomatal aperture, reactive oxygen species (ROS), weight loss and plant growth using a ch1-1 mutant that was defective of LHCs and compared this with wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Glutathione monoethyl ester (GSHmee) increased but 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) decreased the GSH content in the guard cells. The guard cells of the ch1-1 mutants accumulated significantly less GSH than the WT plants. The guard cells of the ch1-1 mutants also showed higher sensitivity to ABA than the WT plants. The CDNB treatment increased but the GSHmee treatment decreased the ABA sensitivity of the guard cells without affecting ABA-induced ROS production. Dark and light treatments altered the GSH content and stomatal aperture of the guard cells of ch1-1 and WT plants, irrespective of CDNB and GSHmee. The ch1-1 mutant contained fewer guard cells and displayed poor growth, late flowering and stumpy weight loss compared with the WT plants. This study suggests that defective LHCs reduced the GSH content in the guard cells and increased sensitivity to ABA, resulting in stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sarwar Jahan
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nozulaidi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nashriyah Mat
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Fanourgakis G, Lesche M, Akpinar M, Dahl A, Jessberger R. Chromatoid Body Protein TDRD6 Supports Long 3' UTR Triggered Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005857. [PMID: 27149095 PMCID: PMC4858158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatoid bodies (CBs) are spermiogenesis-specific organelles of largely unknown function. CBs harbor various RNA species, RNA-associated proteins and proteins of the tudor domain family like TDRD6, which is required for a proper CB architecture. Proteome analysis of purified CBs revealed components of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery including UPF1. TDRD6 is essential for UPF1 localization to CBs, for UPF1-UPF2 and UPF1-MVH interactions. Upon removal of TDRD6, the association of several mRNAs with UPF1 and UPF2 is disturbed, and the long 3’ UTR-stimulated but not the downstream exon-exon junction triggered pathway of NMD is impaired. Reduced association of the long 3’ UTR mRNAs with UPF1 and UPF2 correlates with increased stability and enhanced translational activity. Thus, we identified TDRD6 within CBs as required for mRNA degradation, specifically the extended 3’ UTR-triggered NMD pathway, and provide evidence for the requirement of NMD in spermiogenesis. This function depends on TDRD6-promoted assembly of mRNA and decay enzymes in CBs. Tudor-domain containing protein 6 (TDRD6) is a central component of the chromatoid body (CB) in male germ cells. Chromatoid bodies, which are present in spermatids, contain RNA and protein, are not enclosed by membranes, and typically reside close to the nucleus. Without TDRD6, a much distorted CB structure is observed, and this work asked for the functional contribution of TDRD6 to spermatids. We found that TDRD6 is required for localization of an RNA degradation machinery to the CB. This so-called nonsense mediated decay (NMD) machinery, known from somatic cells, destroys mRNAs that feature premature stop codons. Absence of TDRD6 significantly impairs one specific mechanism of NMD, which depends on long 3’ untranslated regions of the transcripts. Thus, the CB component TDRD6 acts in the assembly of the NMD machinery in the CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Müge Akpinar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chung BY, Choi SR, Moon IJ, Park CW, Kim YH, Chang SE. The Glutathione Derivative, GSH Monoethyl Ester, May Effectively Whiten Skin but GSH Does Not. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050629. [PMID: 27128906 PMCID: PMC4881455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione in its reduced form (GSH) is an antioxidant and also is involved in pheomelanin formation. Thus, it has been long believed that GSH has a skin whitening effect. However, its actual or direct effect is unproven. We evaluated the anti-melanogenic effects of GSH and its derivatives in vitro. We examined change of melanogenesis and its related proteins by GSH itself and its derivatives, including GSH monoethyl ester (GSH-MEE), GSH diethyl ester (GSH-DEE) and GSH monoisopropyl ester (GSH-MIPE) in Melan-A cells, Mel-Ab cells, and B16F10 cells. GSH and GSH-MEE did not display cytotoxic activity, but GSH-MIPE and GSH-DEE did. Intriguingly, GSH itself had no inhibitory effect on melanin production or intracellular tyrosinase activity. Rather, it was GSH-MEE and GSH-MIPE that profoundly reduced the amount of melanin and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Thus, GSH-MEE was selected as a suitable candidate skin-whitening agent and it did not alter melanogenesis-associated proteins such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, but it did increase the amount of suggested pheomelanin and suggested pheomelanin/eumelanin ratio. GSH-MEE was effective for anti-melanogenesis, whereas GSH itself was not. GSH-MEE could be developed as a safe and efficient agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Chung
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - So Ra Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Ik Jun Moon
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Chun Wook Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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Hanaka A, Wójcik M, Dresler S, Mroczek-Zdyrska M, Maksymiec W. Does methyl jasmonate modify the oxidative stress response in Phaseolus coccineus treated with Cu? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 124:480-488. [PMID: 26629660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of methyl jasmonate (MJ) as a signal molecule able to take part in the defense mechanism against copper (Cu)-imposed oxidative stress was studied in the leaves and roots of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) plants. Roots of plants cultivated hydroponically were preincubated in MJ (10µM) for 1h or 24h and subsequently exposed to Cu (50µM) for 5h (short-term experiment) or 5 days (long-term experiment). Enzymatic (activity of superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; guaiacol peroxidase, POX) and non-enzymatic (accumulation of malondialdehyde, MDA; homoglutathione, hGSH; proline; anthocyanins; low molecular weight organic acids, LMWOAs) responses were determined in the leaves and roots. The antioxidative defense mechanism was significantly activated after Cu supplementation. In most cases, activities of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging enzymes like SOD, CAT, APX, POX, as well as MDA, hGSH and proline concentrations increased following Cu exposure. MJ showed a time-dependent effect on antioxidative enzymes activity. In the short-term experiment, MJ elevated CAT, APX and POX activities in the roots, and POX activity in the leaves of non-Cu-treated plants. In the long-term experiment, MJ not only decreased POX and partially CAT activity in the roots, but also increased the MDA level and partially CAT activity in the leaves of the control plants. In Cu-treated plants, MJ reduced APX, but elevated POX activity in the leaves after 5-h exposure. After 5-day-Cu treatment, MJ inhibited POX activity in the leaves and mainly reduced SOD and CAT activities in the roots. Moreover, in the long-term experiment, MJ reduced tartrate and pyruvate in the leaves of Cu-stressed plants, but mostly elevated tartrate and malate in the roots comparing with Cu alone treatment. MJ alone and under Cu excess did not alter accumulation of MDA, hGSH and proline comparing with Cu alone, but partially elevated anthocyanin concentration. The results indicated that MJ was both partially potent in modifying the antioxidative enzymes activity and metabolites accumulation in non-stress and Cu-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Maksymiec
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Ueda T, Akuta T, Kikuchi-Ueda T, Imaizumi K, Ono Y. Improving the soluble expression and purification of recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF) in endotoxin-free Escherichia coli by disulfide shuffling with persulfide. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 120:99-105. [PMID: 26724416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We here present a new method for the expression and purification of recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF(164)) in endotoxin-free ClearColi(®) BL21(DE3) cells harboring codon-optimized Profinity eXact™-tagged hSCF cDNA. Previously, we demonstrated that co-expression with thioredoxin increased the solubility of rhSCF in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and addition of l-arginine enhanced chromatography performance by removing the endotoxin-masked surface of rhSCF. Initially, we tried to express rhSCF in an endotoxin-free strain using a thioredoxin co-expression system, which resulted in significantly lower expression, possibly due to the stress imposed by overexpressed thioredoxin or antibiotics susceptibility. Therefore, we developed a new expression system without thioredoxin. External redox coupling was tested using persulfides such as glutathione persulfide or cysteine persulfide for the in vivo-folding of hSCF in the cytoplasm. Persulfides improved the protein solubility by accelerating disulfide-exchange reactions for incorrectdisulfides during folding in E. coli. Furthermore, the persulfides enhanced the expression level, likely due to upregulation of the enzymatic activity of T7 RNA polymerase. The recombinant protein was purified via affinity chromatography followed by cleavage with sodium fluoride, resulting in complete proteolytic removal of the N-terminal tag. The endotoxin-free fusion protein from ClearColi(®) BL21(DE3) could bind to the resin in the standard protocol using sodium phosphate (pH 7.2). Furthermore, purified rhSCF enhanced the proliferation and maturation of the human mast cell line LAD2. Thus, we conclude that use of the protein expression system employing E. coli by disulfide shuffling with persulfide addition could be a very useful method for efficient protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ueda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Ltd., 7-8, Nihonbashi Kobunacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0024, Japan.
| | - Takane Kikuchi-Ueda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Keitaro Imaizumi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co. Ltd., 7-8, Nihonbashi Kobunacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0024, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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