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Milanović M, Bekić M, Đokić J, Vučević D, Čolić M, Tomić S. Exogenous α-ketoglutarate Modulates Redox Metabolism and Functions of Human Dendritic Cells, Altering Their Capacity to Polarise T Cell Response. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:1064-1087. [PMID: 38322117 PMCID: PMC10845299 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) emerged as a key regulator of energetic and redox metabolism in cells, affecting the immune response in various conditions. However, it remained unclear how the exogenous αKG modulates the functions of dendritic cells (DCs), key cells regulating T-cell response. Here we found that non-toxic doses of αKG display anti-inflammatory properties in human APC-T cell interaction models. In a model of monocyte-derived (mo)DCs, αKG impaired the differentiation, and the maturation of moDCs induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ, and decreased their capacity to induce Th1 cells. However, αKG also promoted IL-1β secretion by mature moDCs, despite inflammasome downregulation, potentiating their Th17 polarizing capacity. αKG induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α in moDCs, activated Akt/FoxO1 pathway and increased autophagy flux, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. This correlated with a higher capacity of immature αKG-moDCs to induce Th2 cells, and conventional regulatory T cells in an indolamine-dioxygenase (IDO)-1-dependent manner. Additionally, αKG increased moDCs' capacity to induce non-conventional T regulatory (Tr)-1 and IL-10-producing CD8+T cells via up-regulated immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT3) expression in OXPHOS-dependent manner. These results suggested that exogenous αKG-altered redox metabolism in moDCs contributed to their tolerogenic properties, which could be relevant for designing more efficient therapeutic approaches in DCs-mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Milanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Bekić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetical Engineering, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Goyal A, Flamholz AI, Petroff AP, Murugan A. Closed ecosystems extract energy through self-organized nutrient cycles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309387120. [PMID: 38127977 PMCID: PMC10756307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309387120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our planet is a self-sustaining ecosystem powered by light energy from the sun, but roughly closed to matter. Many ecosystems on Earth are also approximately closed to matter and recycle nutrients by self-organizing stable nutrient cycles, e.g., microbial mats, lakes, open ocean gyres. However, existing ecological models do not exhibit the self-organization and dynamical stability widely observed in such planetary-scale ecosystems. Here, we advance a conceptual model that explains the self-organization, stability, and emergent features of closed microbial ecosystems. Our model incorporates the bioenergetics of metabolism into an ecological framework. By studying this model, we uncover a crucial thermodynamic feedback loop that enables metabolically diverse communities to almost always stabilize nutrient cycles. Surprisingly, highly diverse communities self-organize to extract [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text] of the maximum extractable energy, or [Formula: see text]100 fold more than randomized communities. Further, with increasing diversity, distinct ecosystems show strongly correlated fluxes through nutrient cycles. However, as the driving force from light increases, the fluxes of nutrient cycles become more variable and species-dependent. Our results highlight that self-organization promotes the efficiency and stability of complex ecosystems at extracting energy from the environment, even in the absence of any centralized coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshit Goyal
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Avi I. Flamholz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | | | - Arvind Murugan
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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3
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Jiang B, Yang J, He R, Wang D, Huang Y, Zhao G, Ning M, Zeng T, Li G. Integrated multi-omics analysis for lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei, China. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14263-14291. [PMID: 38095636 PMCID: PMC10756121 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuanwei lung cancer (XWLC) is well-known for its high incidence and mortality. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. METHODS We performed a comprehensive transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic characterization of tumors and matched normal adjacent tissues from three XWLC patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RESULTS Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed dysregulated molecules and pathways in tumors and identified enhanced metabolic-disease coupling. Non-coding RNAs were widely involved in post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to coordinate the progress of LUAD and partially explained the molecular differences between RNA and protein expression patterns. Phosphoproteome provided evidence support for new phosphate sites, reporting the potential roles of core kinase family members and key kinase pathways involved in metabolism, immunity, and homeostasis. In addition, by comparing with the previous LUAD researches, we emphasized the higher degree of oxidative phosphorylation in Xuanwei LUAD and pointed that VIPR1 deficiency aggravated metabolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION Our integrated multi-omics analysis provided a powerful resource for a systematic understanding of the molecular structure of XWLC and proposed therapeutic opportunities based on redox metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Mingjie Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
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4
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Yang H, Yao X, Liu Y, Shen X, Li M, Luo Z. Ferroptosis Nanomedicine: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities for Modulating Tumor Metabolic and Immunological Landscape. ACS Nano 2023; 17:15328-15353. [PMID: 37573530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has captured much attention in the field of nanomedicine since it was coined in 2012. Compared with other regulated cell death modes such as apoptosis and pyroptosis, ferroptosis has many distinct features in the molecular mechanisms and cellular morphology, representing a promising strategy for treating cancers that are resistant to conventional therapeutic modalities. Moreover, recent insights collectively reveal that ferroptosis is tightly connected to the maintenance of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), suggesting the potential application of ferroptosis therapies for evoking robust antitumor immunity. From a biochemical perspective, ferroptosis is intricately regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox metabolism, etc., highlighting the importance to elucidate the relationship between tumor metabolism and ferroptosis for developing antitumor therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the current understanding of ferroptosis-inducing mechanisms and thoroughly discuss the relationship between ferroptosis and various metabolic traits of tumors, which offer promising opportunities for direct tumor inhibition through a nanointegrated approach. Extending from the complex impact of ferroptosis on TIME, we also discussed those important considerations in the development of ferroptosis-based immunotherapy, highlighting the challenges and strategies to enhance the ferroptosis-enabled immunostimulatory effects while avoiding potential side effects. We envision that the insights in this study may facilitate the development and translation of ferroptosis-based nanomedicines for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocheng Yang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325016, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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5
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Sarma M, Borkotoky S, Dubey VK. Structure-based drug designing against Leishmania donovani using docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies: exploring glutathione synthetase as a drug target. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37491862 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2240429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of developing novel anti-leishmanial agents, we conducted an extensive computational study to screen inhibitors from the FDA-approved ZINC database against Leishmania donovani glutathione synthetase. The three-dimensional structure of Leishmania donovani glutathione synthetase was constructed by homology modeling, using the crystallographic structure of Trypanosoma brucei glutathione synthetase as a template. Subsequently, molecular docking studies were carried out for a large number of compounds using AutoDock Vina. Among the screened compounds, we selected the top five with strong binding affinity to Leishmania donovani glutathione synthetase but having a very low affinity to its human homolog. Further investigations on protein-ligand complexes were done by conducting molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM/PBSA analysis. The results revealed that Olysio (Simeprevir) exhibited the lowest binding energy (-89.21 kcal/mol), followed by Telithromycin (-45.34 kcal/mol). These findings showed that these compounds have the potential to act as inhibitors of glutathione synthetase. Hence, our study provides valuable insights for the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against Leishmania donovani by targeting the glutathione synthetase enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash Sarma
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Subhomoi Borkotoky
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Souza PVL, Hou LY, Sun H, Poeker L, Lehman M, Bahadar H, Domingues-Junior AP, Dard A, Bariat L, Reichheld JP, Silveira JAG, Fernie AR, Timm S, Geigenberger P, Daloso DM. Plant NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases are crucial for the metabolism of sink leaves and plant acclimation to elevated CO 2. Plant Cell Environ 2023. [PMID: 37267089 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain three NADPH-thioredoxin reductases (NTR) located in the cytosol/mitochondria (NTRA/B) and the plastid (NTRC) with important metabolic functions. However, mutants deficient in all NTRs remained to be investigated. Here, we generated and characterised the triple Arabidopsis ntrabc mutant alongside with ntrc single and ntrab double mutants under different environmental conditions. Both ntrc and ntrabc mutants showed reduced growth and substantial metabolic alterations, especially in sink leaves and under high CO2 (HC), as compared to the wild type. However, ntrabc showed higher effective quantum yield of PSII under both constant and fluctuating light conditions, altered redox states of NADH/NAD+ and glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and lower potential quantum yield of PSII in sink leaves in ambient but not high CO2 concentrations, as compared to ntrc, suggesting a functional interaction between chloroplastic and extra-chloroplastic NTRs in photosynthesis regulation depending on leaf development and environmental conditions. Our results unveil a previously unknown role of the NTR system in regulating sink leaf metabolism and plant acclimation to HC, while it is not affecting full plant development, indicating that the lack of the NTR system can be compensated, at least to some extent, by other redox mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo V L Souza
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Liang-Yu Hou
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hu Sun
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Louis Poeker
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Lehman
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Humaira Bahadar
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Avilien Dard
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Laetitia Bariat
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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7
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Huang D, Zhang C, Xiao M, Li X, Chen W, Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Zou Y, Deng L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Dong W, Zhang Z, Xie L, Yu Z, Chen C, Liu L, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zheng J. Redox metabolism maintains the leukemogenic capacity and drug resistance of AML cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210796120. [PMID: 36947513 PMCID: PMC10068762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210796120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rewiring of redox metabolism has a profound impact on tumor development, but how the cellular heterogeneity of redox balance affects leukemogenesis remains unknown. To precisely characterize the dynamic change in redox metabolism in vivo, we developed a bright genetically encoded biosensor for H2O2 (named HyPerion) and tracked the redox state of leukemic cells in situ in a transgenic sensor mouse. A H2O2-low (HyPerion-low) subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells was enriched with leukemia-initiating cells, which were endowed with high colony-forming ability, potent drug resistance, endosteal rather than vascular localization, and short survival. Significantly high expression of malic enzymes, including ME1/3, accounted for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production and the subsequent low abundance of H2O2. Deletion of malic enzymes decreased the population size of leukemia-initiating cells and impaired their leukemogenic capacity and drug resistance. In summary, by establishing an in vivo redox monitoring tool at single-cell resolution, this work reveals a critical role of redox metabolism in leukemogenesis and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changcheng Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xie Li
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weicai Chen
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yamin Yuan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yejun Zou
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Dong
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-Cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Stress and Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Rahman MA, Ahmed KR, Haque F, Park MN, Kim B. Recent Advances in Cellular Signaling Interplay between Redox Metabolism and Autophagy Modulation in Cancer: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36829987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental homeostatic process in which certain cellular components are ingested by double-membrane autophagosomes and then degraded to create energy or to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival. It is typically observed in nutrient-deprived cells as a survival mechanism. However, it has also been identified as a crucial process in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease progression. Normal cellular metabolism produces reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species at low levels. However, increased production causes oxidative stress, which can lead to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. It was recently shown that maintaining redox equilibrium via autophagy is critical for cellular responses to oxidative stress. However, little is understood about the molecular cancer processes that connect to the control of autophagy. In cancer cells, oncogenic mutations, carcinogens, and metabolic reprogramming cause increased ROS generation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have suggested that increased ROS generation activates survival pathways that promote cancer development and metastasis. Moreover, the relationship between metabolic programming and ROS in cancer cells is involved in redox homeostasis and the malignant phenotype. Currently, while the signaling events governing autophagy and how redox homeostasis affects signaling cascades are well understood, very little is known about molecular events related to autophagy. In this review, we focus on current knowledge about autophagy modulation and the role of redox metabolism to further the knowledge of oxidative stress and disease progression in cancer regulation. Therefore, this review focuses on understanding how oxidation/reduction events fine-tune autophagy to help understand how oxidative stress and autophagy govern cancer, either as processes leading to cell death or as survival strategies for maintaining redox homeostasis in cancer.
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Li H, Li JJ, Lu W, Yang J, Xia Y, Huang P. Targeting Mitochondrial IDH2 Enhances Antitumor Activity of Cisplatin in Lung Cancer via ROS-Mediated Mechanism. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020475. [PMID: 36831011 PMCID: PMC9953680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is an important metabolic enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle. Our previous study showed that high expression of wild-type IDH2 promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells. This study aims to test the potential of targeting IDH2 as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. First, we analyzed the available data from the databases gene expression omnibus (GEO) database to evaluate the clinical relevance of IDH2 expression in affecting lung cancer patient survival. We then generated a stable IDH2-knockdown lung cancer cell line using a lentivirus-based method for in vitro and in vivo study. Cell growth, apoptosis, cell viability, and colony formation assays were conducted to test the sensitivity of lung cancer cells with different IDH2 expression status to cisplatin or radiation treatment in vitro. For mechanistic study, Cellular oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured using a Seahorse metabolic analyzer, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed using flow cytometry. An animal study using a xenograft tumor model was performed to further evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect on tumor growth. We found that high IDH2 expression was associated with poor survival in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Inhibition of IDH2 significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of cisplatin and also increased the effect of radiation against lung cancer cells. IDH2 was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells, which could be sensitized by targeted inhibition of IDH2. Mechanistic study showed that abrogation of IDH2 caused only minimal changes in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in lung cancer cells, but induced a significant increase in ROS, which rendered the cancer cells more sensitive to cisplatin. Pretreatment of lung cancer cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine could partially rescue cells from the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and IDH2 inhibition. Importantly, abrogation of IDH2 significantly increased the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiang-jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (P.H.); Tel.: +86-20-8734-3511 (P.H.)
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (P.H.); Tel.: +86-20-8734-3511 (P.H.)
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10
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Li H, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Wilson CN, Bai HJ, Jones MD, Wang S, DeVore JE, Maier EY, Durant ST, Boufraqech M, Weyemi U. CRISPR metabolic screen identifies ATM and KEAP1 as targetable genetic vulnerabilities in solid tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212072120. [PMID: 36724254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212072120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments targeting DNA repair deficiencies often encounter drug resistance, possibly due to alternative metabolic pathways that counteract the most damaging effects. To identify such alternative pathways, we screened for metabolic pathways exhibiting synthetic lethality with inhibition of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) using a metabolism-centered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 library. Our data revealed Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) as a key factor involved in desensitizing cancer cells to ATM inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Cells depleted of KEAP1 exhibited an aberrant overexpression of the cystine transporter SLC7A11, robustly accumulated cystine inducing disulfide stress, and became hypersensitive to ATM inhibition. These hallmarks were reversed in a reducing cellular environment indicating that disulfide stress was a crucial factor. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer datasets, we found that ATM levels negatively correlated with KEAP1 levels across multiple solid malignancies. Together, our results unveil ATM and KEAP1 as new targetable vulnerabilities in solid tumors.
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11
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Pecchillo Cimmino T, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F, Esposito G. NOX Dependent ROS Generation and Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032086. [PMID: 36768405 PMCID: PMC9916913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of high reactive molecules with dualistic natures since they can induce cytotoxicity or regulate cellular physiology. Among the ROS, the superoxide anion radical (O2·-) is a key redox signaling molecule prominently generated by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family and by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Notably, altered redox balance and deregulated redox signaling are recognized hallmarks of cancer and are involved in malignant progression and resistance to drugs treatment. Since oxidative stress and metabolism of cancer cells are strictly intertwined, in this review, we focus on the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. The NOX family includes seven isoforms with different activation mechanisms, widely expressed in several tissues. In particular, we dissect the contribute of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 enzymes in the modulation of cellular metabolism and highlight their potential role as a new therapeutic target for tumor metabolism rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pecchillo Cimmino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore S.c.a.r.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.E.)
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12
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Ji Z, Moore J, Devarie-Baez NO, Lewis J, Wu H, Shukla K, Lopez EIS, Vitvitsky V, Key CCC, Porosnicu M, Kemp ML, Banerjee R, Parks JS, Tsang AW, Zhou X, Furdui CM. Redox integration of signaling and metabolism in a head and neck cancer model of radiation resistance using COSM RO. Front Oncol 2023; 12:946320. [PMID: 36686772 PMCID: PMC9846845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.946320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox metabolism is increasingly investigated in cancer as driving regulator of tumor progression, response to therapies and long-term patients' quality of life. Well-established cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, either directly impact redox metabolism or have redox-dependent mechanisms of action defining their clinical efficacy. However, the ability to integrate redox information across signaling and metabolic networks to facilitate discovery and broader investigation of redox-regulated pathways in cancer remains a key unmet need limiting the advancement of new cancer therapies. To overcome this challenge, we developed a new constraint-based computational method (COSMro) and applied it to a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) model of radiation resistance. This novel integrative approach identified enhanced capacity for H2S production in radiation resistant cells and extracted a key relationship between intracellular redox state and cholesterol metabolism; experimental validation of this relationship highlights the importance of redox state in cellular metabolism and response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ji
- Division of Radiologic Sciences – Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jade Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nelmi O. Devarie-Baez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joshua Lewis
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Elsa I. Silva Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Allen W. Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Division of Radiologic Sciences – Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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13
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Hanna D, Kumar R, Banerjee R. A Metabolic Paradigm for Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling via Electron Transport Chain Plasticity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:57-67. [PMID: 35651282 PMCID: PMC9885546 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: A burgeoning literature has attributed varied physiological effects to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is a product of eukaryotic sulfur amino acid metabolism. Protein persulfidation represents a major focus of studies elucidating the mechanism underlying H2S signaling. On the contrary, the capacity of H2S to induce reductive stress by targeting the electron transport chain (ETC) and signal by reprogramming redox metabolism has only recently begun to be elucidated. Recent Advances: In contrast to the nonspecific reaction of H2S with oxidized cysteines to form protein persulfides, its inhibition of complex IV represents a specific mechanism of action. Studies on the dual impact of H2S as an ETC substrate and an inhibitor have led to the exciting discovery of ETC plasticity and the use of fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor. H2S oxidation combined with complex IV targeting generates mitochondrial reductive stress, which is signaled through the metabolic network, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis, glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation, and lipogenesis. Critical Issues: Insights into H2S-induced metabolic reprogramming are ushering in a paradigm shift for understanding the mechanism of its cellular action. It will be critical to reevaluate the physiological effects of H2S, for example, cytoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, through the framework of metabolic reprogramming and ETC remodeling by H2S. Future Directions: The metabolic ramifications of H2S in other cellular compartments, for example, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus, as well as the intersections between hypoxia and H2S signaling are important future directions that merit elucidation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 57-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hanna
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Skrypnik L, Feduraev P, Golovin A, Maslennikov P, Styran T, Antipina M, Riabova A, Katserov D. The Integral Boosting Effect of Selenium on the Secondary Metabolism of Higher Plants. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3432. [PMID: 36559543 PMCID: PMC9788459 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is a micronutrient with a wide range of functions in animals, including humans, and in microorganisms such as microalgae. However, its role in plant metabolism remains ambiguous. Recent studies of Se supplementation showed that not only does it increase the content of the element itself, but also affects the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the available data on the place of selenium in the secondary metabolism of plants and its effect on the accumulation of some plant metabolites (S- and N-containing secondary metabolites, terpenes, and phenolic compounds). In addition, possible molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways underlying these effects are discussed. It should be noted that available data on the effect of Se on the accumulation of secondary metabolites are inconsistent and contradictory. According to some studies, selenium has a positive effect on the accumulation of certain metabolites, while other similar studies show a negative effect or no effect at all. The following aspects were identified as possible ways of regulating plant secondary metabolism by Se-supplementation: changes occurring in primary S/N metabolism, hormonal regulation, redox metabolism, as well as at the transcriptomic level of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In all likelihood, the confusion in the results can be explained by other, more complex regulatory mechanisms in which selenium is involved and which affect the production of metabolites. Further study on the involvement of various forms of selenium in metabolic and signaling pathways is crucial for a deeper understanding of its role in growth, development, and health of plants, as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind them.
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15
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Rajendiran A, Subramanyam SH, Klemm P, Jankowski V, van Loosdregt J, Vastert B, Vollbach K, Wagner N, Tenbrock K, Ohl K. NRF2/Itaconate Axis Regulates Metabolism and Inflammatory Properties of T Cells in Children with JIA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122426. [PMID: 36552634 PMCID: PMC9774972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T cells critically contribute to the initiation and perturbation of inflammation. When CD4+ T cells enter inflamed tissues, they adapt to hypoxia and oxidative stress conditions, and to a reduction in nutrients. We aimed to investigate how this distinct environment regulates T cell responses within the inflamed joints of patients with childhood rheumatism (JIA) by analyzing the behavior of NRF2-the key regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response-and its signaling pathways. METHODS Flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR were used to perform metabolic profiling of T cells and to measure the production of inflammatory cytokines. Loss of function analyses were carried out by means of siRNA transfection experiments. NRF2 activation was induced by treatment with 4-octyl-Itaconate (4-OI). RESULTS Flow cytometry analyses revealed a high metabolic status in CD4+ T cells taken from synovial fluid (SF) with greater mitochondrial mass, and increased glucose and fatty acid uptake. This resulted in a heightened oxidative status of SF CD4+ T cells. Despite raised ROS levels, expression of NRF2 and its target gene NQO1 were lower in CD4+ T cells from SF than in those from blood. Indeed, NRF2 activation of CD4+ T cells downregulated oxidative stress markers, altered the metabolic phenotype and reduced secretion of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION NRF2 could be a potential regulator in CD4+ T cells during chronic inflammation and could instigate a drift toward disease progression or regression, depending on the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandhi Rajendiran
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sudheendra Hebbar Subramanyam
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +49-0241-8089140 (K.O.)
| | - Patricia Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Vastert
- Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Vollbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +49-0241-8089140 (K.O.)
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16
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Gao F, Peng C, Zhang Y, Wang H, Shen H, Yang L. Glutathione Plays a Positive Role in the Proliferation of Pinus koraiensis Embryogenic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the large-scale breeding of conifers, cultivating embryogenic cells with good proliferative capacity is crucial in the process of somatic embryogenesis. In the same cultural environment, the proliferative capacity of different cell lines is significantly different. To reveal the regulatory mechanism of proliferation in woody plant cell lines with different proliferative potential, we used Korean pine cell lines with high proliferative potential 001#-001 (Fast) and low proliferative potential 001#-010 (Slow) for analysis. A total of 17 glutathione-related differentially expressed genes was identified between F and S cell lines. A total of 893 metabolites was obtained from the two cell lines in the metabolomic studies. A total of nine metabolites related to glutathione was significantly upregulated in the F cell line compared with the S cell line. The combined analyses revealed that intracellular glutathione might be the key positive regulator mediating the difference in proliferative capacity between F and S cell lines. The qRT-PCR assay validated 11 differentially expressed genes related to glutathione metabolism. Exogenous glutathione and its synthase inhibitor L-buthionine-sulfoximine treatment assay demonstrated the positive role of glutathione in the proliferation of Korean pine embryogenic cells.
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17
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Holubiec MI, Gellert M, Hanschmann EM. Redox signaling and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1003721. [PMID: 36408110 PMCID: PMC9670316 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1003721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction and oxidation reactions are essential for biochemical processes. They are part of metabolic pathways and signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as second messengers and oxidative modifications of cysteinyl (Cys) residues are key to transduce and translate intracellular and intercellular signals. Dysregulation of cellular redox signaling is known as oxidative distress, which has been linked to various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology linked to both, abnormal amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, generating Aβ peptide, and Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Signs of oxidative distress in AD include: increase of ROS (H2O2, O2 •-), decrease of the levels or activities of antioxidant enzymes, abnormal oxidation of macromolecules related to elevated Aβ production, and changes in mitochondrial homeostasis linked to Tau phosphorylation. Interestingly, Cys residues present in APP form disulfide bonds that are important for intermolecular interactions and might be involved in the aggregation of Aβ. Moreover, two Cys residues in some Tau isoforms have been shown to be essential for Tau stabilization and its interaction with microtubules. Future research will show the complexities of Tau, its interactome, and the role that Cys residues play in the progression of AD. The specific modification of cysteinyl residues in redox signaling is also tightly connected to the regulation of various metabolic pathways. Many of these pathways have been found to be altered in AD, even at very early stages. In order to analyze the complex changes and underlying mechanisms, several AD models have been developed, including animal models, 2D and 3D cell culture, and ex-vivo studies of patient samples. The use of these models along with innovative, new redox analysis techniques are key to further understand the importance of the redox component in Alzheimer's disease and the identification of new therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Holubiec
- IBioBA-MPSP Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifwald, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Brister D, Rose S, Delhey L, Tippett M, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Metabolomic Signatures of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1727. [PMID: 36294866 PMCID: PMC9604590 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with many variations in metabolism, but the ex-act correlates of these metabolic disturbances with behavior and development and their links to other core metabolic disruptions are understudied. In this study, large-scale targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis was conducted on fasting morning plasma samples from 57 children with ASD (29 with neurodevelopmental regression, NDR) and 37 healthy controls of similar age and gender. Linear model determined the metabolic signatures of ASD with and without NDR, measures of behavior and neurodevelopment, as well as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, redox, methylation, and mitochondrial metabolism. MetaboAnalyst ver 5.0 (the Wishart Research Group at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada) identified the pathways associated with altered metabolic signatures. Differences in histidine and glutathione metabolism as well as aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthesis differentiated ASD from controls. NDR was associated with disruption in nicotinamide and energy metabolism. Sleep and neurodevelopment were associated with energy metabolism while neurodevelopment was also associated with purine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. While behavior was as-sociated with some of the same pathways as neurodevelopment, it was also associated with alternations in neurotransmitter metabolism. Alterations in methylation was associated with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and nicotinamide metabolism. Alterations in glutathione metabolism was associated with changes in glycine, serine and threonine, BCAA and AAA metabolism. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were as-sociated with energy metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism was associated with alterations in energy metabolism and L-glutamine. Using behavioral and biochemical markers, this study finds convergent disturbances in specific metabolic pathways with ASD, particularly changes in energy, nicotinamide, neurotransmitters, and BCAA, as well as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brister
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Marie Tippett
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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Li P, He Q, Jin J, Liu Y, Wen Y, Zhao K, Mao G, Fan W, Yang J. Tomato Oxalyl-CoA Synthetase Degrades Oxalate and Affects Fruit Quality. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:951386. [PMID: 35874016 PMCID: PMC9301600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acyl activating enzyme 3 (AAE3) encodes oxalyl-CoA synthetase involved in oxalate degradation. In this study, we investigated the role of AAE3 (SlAAE3) in the fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The purified recombinant SlAAE3 protein from Escherichia coli exhibited a high activity toward oxalate, with a K m of 223.8 ± 20.03 μm and V max of 7.908 ± 0.606 μmol mg-1 protein min-1. Transient expression of SlAAE3-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins suggests that SlAAE3 is a soluble protein without specific subcellular localization. The expression of SlAAE3 is both tissue- and development-dependent, and increased during fruit ripping. The Slaae3 knockout mutants had improved fruit quality as evidenced by the increased sugar-acid ratio and mineral nutrient content. To find the mechanism by which SlAAE3 affects fruit quality, transcriptome, and metabolome were employed on SlAAE3 over-expressed line and wide type fruits. The transcriptomic and metabolic profiles indicated that SlAAE3 in fruits mainly functions at 20 days post-anthesis (20 DPA) and mature green (MG) stages, resulting in up-regulation of amino acid derivatives, nucleotides, and derivatives, but down-regulation of lipid compounds. However, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched at redox pathways. Taken together, both in vivo and in vitro results suggest that SlAAE3-encoded protein acts as an oxalyl-CoA synthetase, which also participates in redox metabolism. These data provide a further understanding of the mechanism by which SlAAE3 participates in tomato fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangqun Mao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Mittal A, Nenwani M, Sarangi I, Achreja A, Lawrence TS, Nagrath D. Radiotherapy-induced metabolic hallmarks in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:855-869. [PMID: 35750630 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is frequently administered for cancer treatment, but resistance or remission remains common. Cancer cells alter their metabolism after radiotherapy to reduce its cytotoxic effects. The influence of altered cancer metabolism extends to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where components of the TME exchange metabolites to support tumor growth. Combining radiotherapy with metabolic targets in the TME can improve therapy response. We review the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells following radiotherapy and put these observations in the context of the TME to describe the metabolic hallmarks of radiotherapy in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mittal
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minal Nenwani
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Perelmuter K, Tiscornia I, Comini MA, Bollati-Fogolín M. Generation and Characterization of Stable Redox-Reporter Mammalian Cell Lines of Biotechnological Relevance. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1324. [PMID: 35214226 DOI: 10.3390/s22041324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions such as DNA replication and protein translation are influenced by changes in the intracellular redox milieu. Exogenous (i.e., nutrients, deterioration of media components, xenobiotics) and endogenous factors (i.e., metabolism, growth) may alter the redox homeostasis of cells. Thus, monitoring redox changes in real time and in situ is deemed essential for optimizing the production of recombinant proteins. Recently, different redox-sensitive variants of green fluorescent proteins (e.g., rxYFP, roGFP2, and rxmRuby2) have been engineered and proved suitable to detect, in a non-invasive manner, perturbations in the pool of reduced and oxidized glutathione, the major low molecular mass thiol in mammals. In this study, we validate the use of cytosolic rxYFP on two cell lines widely used in biomanufacturing processes, namely, CHO-K1 cells expressing the human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) and HEK-293. Flow cytometry was selected as the read-out technique for rxYFP signal given its high-throughput and statistical robustness. Growth kinetics and cellular metabolism (glucose consumption, lactate and ammonia production) of the redox reporter cells were comparable to those of the parental cell lines. The hGM-CSF production was not affected by the expression of the biosensor. The redox reporter cell lines showed a sensitive and reversible response to different redox stimuli (reducing and oxidant reagents). Under batch culture conditions, a significant and progressive oxidation of the biosensor occurred when CHO-K1-hGM-CSF cells entered the late-log phase. Medium replenishment restored, albeit partially, the intracellular redox homeostasis. Our study highlights the utility of genetically encoded redox biosensors to guide metabolic engineering or intervention strategies aimed at optimizing cell viability, growth, and productivity.
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John A, Amiri L, Shafarin J, Tariq S, Adeghate E, Howarth FC, Raza H. Alterations in Energy Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function and Redox Homeostasis in GK Diabetic Rat Tissues Treated with Aspirin. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:104. [PMID: 35054496 DOI: 10.3390/life12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated that aspirin treatment prevents inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial function, improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function and preserves tissue-specific glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox homeostasis in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats. In the current study, we have investigated the mechanism of action of aspirin in maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox metabolism in the liver and kidneys of GK rats. Aspirin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress-induced changes in GSH metabolism. Aspirin treatment also improved mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism, in addition to regulating the expression of cell signaling proteins that were altered in diabetic animals. Ultrastructural electron microscopy studies revealed decreased accumulation of glycogen in the liver of aspirin-treated diabetic rats. Hypertrophic podocytes with irregular fusion of foot processes in the renal glomerulus and detached microvilli, condensed nuclei and degenerated mitochondria observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of GK rats were partially restored by aspirin. These results provide additional evidence to support our previous observation of moderation of diabetic complications by aspirin treatment in GK rats and may have implications for cautious use of aspirin in the therapeutic management of diabetes.
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Lee Y, Wisor JP. Multi-Modal Regulation of Circadian Physiology by Interactive Features of Biological Clocks. Biology (Basel) 2021; 11:21. [PMID: 35053019 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a fundamental biological timing mechanism that generates nearly 24 h rhythms of physiology and behaviors, including sleep/wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Evolutionarily, the endogenous clock is thought to confer living organisms, including humans, with survival benefits by adapting internal rhythms to the day and night cycles of the local environment. Mirroring the evolutionary fitness bestowed by the circadian clock, daily mismatches between the internal body clock and environmental cycles, such as irregular work (e.g., night shift work) and life schedules (e.g., jet lag, mistimed eating), have been recognized to increase the risk of cardiac, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Moreover, increasing numbers of studies with cellular and animal models have detected the presence of functional circadian oscillators at multiple levels, ranging from individual neurons and fibroblasts to brain and peripheral organs. These oscillators are tightly coupled to timely modulate cellular and bodily responses to physiological and metabolic cues. In this review, we will discuss the roles of central and peripheral clocks in physiology and diseases, highlighting the dynamic regulatory interactions between circadian timing systems and multiple metabolic factors.
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Abstract
The most frequently mutated metabolic genes in human cancer are those encoding the enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2; these mutations have so far been identified in more than 20 tumor types. Since IDH mutations were first reported in glioma over a decade ago, extensive research has revealed their association with altered cellular processes. Mutations in IDH lead to a change in enzyme function, enabling efficient conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). It is proposed that elevated cellular R-2-HG inhibits enzymes that regulate transcription and metabolism, subsequently affecting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial biochemistry. The significance of these biochemical changes for tumorigenesis and potential for therapeutic exploitation remains unclear. Here we comprehensively review reported direct and indirect metabolic changes linked to IDH mutations and discuss their clinical significance. We also review the metabolic effects of first-generation mutant IDH inhibitors and highlight the potential for combination treatment strategies and new metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Comfort Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S.O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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Valentino T, Figueiredo VC, Mobley CB, McCarthy JJ, Vechetti IJ. Evidence of myomiR regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway during mechanical load-induced hypertrophy. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15137. [PMID: 34889054 PMCID: PMC8661100 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms discovered to regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy were first identified using the rodent synergist ablation model. This model reveals the intrinsic capability and necessary pathways of skeletal muscle growth in response to mechanical overload (MOV). Reminiscent of the rapid cellular growth observed with cancer, we hypothesized that in response to MOV, skeletal muscle would undergo metabolic programming to sustain increased demands to support hypertrophy. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the gene expression of specific metabolic pathways taken from transcriptomic microarray data of a MOV time course. We found an upregulation of genes involved in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathways (PPP) and mitochondrial branch of the folate cycle suggesting an increase in the production of NADPH. In addition, we sought to determine the potential role of skeletal muscle-enriched microRNA (myomiRs) and satellite cells in the regulation of the metabolic pathways that changed during MOV. We observed an inverse pattern in gene expression between muscle-enriched myomiR-1 and its known target gene glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6pdx, suggesting myomiR regulation of PPP activation in response to MOV. Satellite cell fusion had a significant but modest impact on PPP gene expression. These transcriptomic findings suggest the robust muscle hypertrophy induced by MOV requires enhanced redox metabolism via PPP production of NADPH which is potentially regulated by a myomiR network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Valentino
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Vandre C. Figueiredo
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Physical TherapyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Ivan J. Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
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Sharma G, Wen X, Maptue NR, Hever T, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Co-Polarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate and [1,3- 13C 2]Acetoacetate Provide a Simultaneous View of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Redox in a Single Experiment. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3967-3977. [PMID: 34761912 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular redox is intricately linked to energy production and normal cell function. Although the redox states of mitochondria and cytosol are connected by shuttle mechanisms, the redox state of mitochondria may differ from redox in the cytosol in response to stress. However, detecting these differences in functioning tissues is difficult. Here, we employed 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]acetoacetate ([1,3-13C2]AcAc) to monitor production of hyperpolarized (HP) lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate as indicators of cytosolic and mitochondrial redox, respectively. Isolated rat hearts were examined under normoxic conditions, during low-flow ischemia, and after pretreatment with either aminooxyacetate (AOA) or rotenone. All interventions were associated with an increase in [Pi]/[ATP] measured by 31P NMR. In well-oxygenated untreated hearts, rapid conversion of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc to [1,3-13C2]β-hydroxybutyrate ([1,3-13C2]β-HB) was readily detected. A significant increase in HP [1,3-13C2]β-HB but not [1-13C]lactate was observed in rotenone-treated and ischemic hearts, consistent with an increase in mitochondrial NADH but not cytosolic NADH. AOA treatments did not alter the productions of HP [1-13C]lactate or [1,3-13C2]β-HB. This study demonstrates that biomarkers of mitochondrial and cytosolic redox may be detected simultaneously in functioning tissues using co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc and 13C MRS and that changes in mitochondrial redox may precede changes in cytosolic redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Lushchak VI, Duszenko M, Gospodaryov DV, Garaschuk O. Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism in the Brain: Midlife as a Turning Point. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1715. [PMID: 34829586 PMCID: PMC8614699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue is one of the main oxygen consumers in the mammalian body, and a plentitude of metabolic as well as signaling processes within the brain is accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. Besides the important signaling roles, both ROS and RNS can damage/modify the self-derived cellular components thus promoting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. While previously, the latter processes were thought to progress linearly with age, newer data point to midlife as a critical turning point. Here, we describe (i) the main pathways leading to ROS/RNS generation within the brain, (ii) the main defense systems for their neutralization and (iii) summarize the recent literature about considerable changes in the energy/ROS homeostasis as well as activation state of the brain's immune system at midlife. Finally, we discuss the role of calorie restriction as a readily available and cost-efficient antiaging and antioxidant lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; (V.I.L.); (D.V.G.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46002 Ternopil, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Michael Duszenko
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Dmytro V. Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; (V.I.L.); (D.V.G.)
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
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28
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Hao Y, Langford TF, Moon SJ, Eller KA, Sikes HD. Screening compound libraries for H 2O 2-mediated cancer therapeutics using a peroxiredoxin-based sensor. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:625-635.e3. [PMID: 34678160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that modulate H2O2 reaction networks have applications as targeted cancer therapeutics, as a subset of cancers exhibit sensitivity to this redox signal. Previous studies to identify therapeutics that induce oxidants have relied upon probes that respond to many different oxidants in cells, and thus do not report on only H2O2, a redox signal that selectively oxidizes proteins. Here we use a genetically encoded fluorescent probe for human peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2) oxidation in screens for small-molecule compounds that modulate H2O2 pathways. We further characterize cellular responses to several compounds selected from the screen. Our results reveal that some, but not all, of the compounds enact H2O2-mediated toxicity in cells. Among them, SMER3, an antifungal, has not been reported as an oxidant-inducing drug. Several drugs, including cisplatin, that previously have been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) do not appear to oxidize Prx2, suggesting H2O2 is not among the ROS induced by those drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Troy F Langford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen A Eller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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29
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Ivanova JS, Lyublinskaya OG. Redox Homeostasis and Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Uniqueness or Versatility? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10946. [PMID: 34681606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential both in studies on developmental biology and clinical practice. Mitochondrial metabolism that encompasses pathways that generate ATP and produce ROS significantly differs between PSCs and somatic cells. Correspondingly, for quite a long time it was believed that the redox homeostasis in PSCs is also highly specific due to the hypoxic niche of their origin-within the pre-implantation blastocyst. However, recent research showed that redox parameters of cultivated PSCs have much in common with that of their differentiated progeny cells. Moreover, it has been proven that, similar to somatic cells, maintaining the physiological ROS level is critical for the regulation of PSC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and de-differentiation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies of redox metabolism and signaling in PSCs to compare the redox profiles of pluripotent and differentiated somatic cells. We collected evidence that PSCs possess metabolic plasticity and are able to adapt to both hypoxia and normoxia, that pluripotency is not strictly associated with anaerobic conditions, and that cellular redox homeostasis is similar in PSCs and many other somatic cells under in vitro conditions that may be explained by the high conservatism of the redox regulation system.
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Lennicke C, Cochemé HM. Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3691-3707. [PMID: 34547234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions are intrinsically linked to energy metabolism. Therefore, redox processes are indispensable for organismal physiology and life itself. The term reactive oxygen species (ROS) describes a set of distinct molecular oxygen derivatives produced during normal aerobic metabolism. Multiple ROS-generating and ROS-eliminating systems actively maintain the intracellular redox state, which serves to mediate redox signaling and regulate cellular functions. ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are able to reversibly oxidize critical, redox-sensitive cysteine residues on target proteins. These oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) can control the biological activity of numerous enzymes and transcription factors (TFs), as well as their cellular localization or interactions with binding partners. In this review, we describe the diverse roles of redox regulation in the context of physiological cellular metabolism and provide insights into the pathophysiology of diseases when redox homeostasis is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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31
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Souza PVL, Fernie AR, Timm S, Daloso DM, Araújo WL. Thioredoxin-mediated regulation of (photo)respiration and central metabolism. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:5987-6002. [PMID: 33649770 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous proteins engaged in the redox regulation of plant metabolism. Whilst the light-dependent TRX-mediated activation of Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes is well documented, the role of extraplastidial TRXs in the control of the mitochondrial (photo)respiratory metabolism has been revealed relatively recently. Mitochondrially located TRX o1 has been identified as a regulator of alternative oxidase, enzymes of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (mtLPD) involved in photorespiration, the TCA cycle, and the degradation of branched chain amino acids. TRXs are seemingly a major point of metabolic regulation responsible for activating photosynthesis and adjusting mitochondrial photorespiratory metabolism according to the prevailing cellular redox status. Furthermore, TRX-mediated (de)activation of TCA cycle enzymes contributes to explain the non-cyclic flux mode of operation of this cycle in illuminated leaves. Here we provide an overview on the decisive role of TRXs in the coordination of mitochondrial metabolism in the light and provide in silico evidence for other redox-regulated photorespiratory enzymes. We further discuss the consequences of mtLPD regulation beyond photorespiration and provide outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies to improve our understanding of the role of TRXs in the regulation of central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert- Einstein-Str. 3, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rossignol DA, Frye RE. The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:784. [PMID: 34442428 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 2% of children in the United States. Biochemical abnormalities associated with ASD include impaired methylation and sulphation capacities along with low glutathione (GSH) redox capacity. Potential treatments for these abnormalities include cobalamin (B12). This systematic review collates the studies using B12 as a treatment in ASD. A total of 17 studies were identified; 4 were double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (2 examined B12 injections alone and 2 used B12 in an oral multivitamin); 1 was a prospective controlled study; 6 were prospective, uncontrolled studies, and 6 were retrospective (case series and reports). Most studies (83%) used oral or injected methylcobalamin (mB12), while the remaining studies did not specify the type of B12 used. Studies using subcutaneous mB12 injections (including 2 placebo-controlled studies) used a 64.5-75 µg/kg/dose. One study reported anemia in 2 ASD children with injected cyanocobalamin that resolved with switching to injected mB12. Two studies reported improvements in markers of mitochondrial metabolism. A meta-analysis of methylation metabolites demonstrated decreased S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and increased methionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), SAM/SAH ratio, and homocysteine (with small effect sizes) with mB12. Meta-analysis of the transsulfuration and redox metabolism metabolites demonstrated significant improvements with mB12 in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cysteine, total glutathione (GSH), and total GSH/GSSG redox ratio with medium to large effect sizes. Improvements in methylation capacity and GSH redox ratio were significantly associated with clinical improvements (with a mean moderate effect size of 0.59) in core and associated ASD symptoms, including expressive communication, personal and domestic daily living skills, and interpersonal, play-leisure, and coping social skills, suggesting these biomarkers may predict response to B12. Other clinical improvements observed with B12 included sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, hyperactivity, tantrums, nonverbal intellectual quotient, vision, eye contact, echolalia, stereotypy, anemia, and nocturnal enuresis. Adverse events identified by meta-analysis included hyperactivity (11.9%), irritability (3.4%), trouble sleeping (7.6%), aggression (1.8%), and worsening behaviors (7.7%) but were generally few, mild, not serious, and not significantly different compared to placebo. In one study, 78% of parents desired to continue mB12 injections after the study conclusion. Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that B12, particularly subcutaneously injected mB12, improves metabolic abnormalities in ASD along with clinical symptoms. Further large multicenter placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these data. B12 is a promising treatment for ASD.
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Mishra R, Yadav V, Guha M, Singh A. Heterogeneous Host-Pathogen Encounters Coordinate Antibiotic Resilience in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:606-620. [PMID: 33309526 PMCID: PMC7611257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB) depends on the eradication of its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the host. However, the emergence of phenotypically drug-resistant Mtb in the host environment tempers the ability of antibiotics to cure disease. Host immunity produces diverse microenvironmental niches that are exploited by Mtb to mobilize adaptation programs. Such differential interactions amplify pre-existing heterogeneity in the host-pathogen milieu to influence disease pathology and therapy outcome. Therefore, comprehending the intricacies of phenotypic heterogeneity can be an empirical step forward in potentiating drug action. With this goal, we review the interconnectedness of the lesional, cellular, and bacterial heterogeneity underlying phenotypic drug resistance. Based on this information, we anticipate the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting host-pathogen heterogeneity to cure TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India; Centre for Infectious Disease and Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India; Centre for Infectious Disease and Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - Madhura Guha
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India; Centre for Infectious Disease and Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India; Centre for Infectious Disease and Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012, India.
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Lagarde D, Jeanson Y, Portais JC, Galinier A, Ader I, Casteilla L, Carrière A. Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689747. [PMID: 34276410 PMCID: PMC8278056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Gideon DA, Nirusimhan V, E JC, Sudarsha K, Manoj KM. Mechanism of electron transfers mediated by cytochromes c and b5 in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: classical and murburn perspectives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9235-9252. [PMID: 33998974 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1925154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We explore the mechanism of electron transfers mediated by cytochrome c, a soluble protein involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytochrome b5, a microsomal membrane protein acting as a redox aide in xenobiotic metabolism. We found minimal conservation in the sequence and surface amino acid residues of cytochrome c/b5 proteins among divergent species. Therefore, we question the evolutionary logic for electron transfer (ET) occurring through affinity binding via recognition of specific surface residues/topography. Also, analysis of putative protein-protein interactions in the crystal structures of these proteins and their redox partners did not point to any specific interaction logic. A comparison of the kinetic and thermodynamic constants of wildtype vs. mutants did not provide strong evidence to support the binding-based ET paradigm, but indicated support for diffusible reactive species (DRS)-mediated process. Topographically divergent cytochromes from one species have been substituted for reaction with proteins from other species, implying the involvement of non-specific interactions. We provide a viable alternative (murburn concept) to classical protein-protein binding-based long range ET mechanism. To account for the promiscuity of interactions and solvent-accessible hemes, we propose that the two proteins act as non- specific redox capacitors, mediating one-electron redox equilibriums involving DRS and unbound ions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andrew Gideon
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala State, India.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Nirusimhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Castin E
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Sudarsha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kelath Murali Manoj
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala State, India
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Abstract
A new mechanism for NADPH balancing was discovered in Bacillus subtilis. It pivots on the bifunctional enzyme YtsJ, which is known to catalyze NADP-dependent malate decarboxylation. We found that in the presence of excessive NADPH, the same enzyme switches to malolactic activity and creates a transhydrogenation cycle that ultimately converts NADPH to NADH. This provides a regulated mechanism to immediately adjust NADPH/NADP+ in response to instantaneous needs. The redox cofactor NADPH is required as a reducing equivalent in about 100 anabolic reactions throughout metabolism. To ensure fitness under all conditions, the demand is fulfilled by a few dehydrogenases in central carbon metabolism that reduce NADP+ with electrons derived from the catabolism of nutrients. In the case of Bacillus subtilis growing on glucose, quantitative flux analyses indicate that NADPH production largely exceeds biosynthetic needs, suggesting a hitherto unknown mechanism for NADPH balancing. We investigated the role of the four malic enzymes present in B. subtilis that could bring about a metabolic cycle for transhydrogenation of NADPH into NADH. Using quantitative 13C metabolic flux analysis, we found that isoform YtsJ alone contributes to NADPH balancing in vivo and demonstrated relevant NADPH-oxidizing activity by YtsJ in vitro. To our surprise, we discovered that depending on NADPH, YtsJ switches activity from a pyruvate-producing malic enzyme to a lactate-generating malolactic enzyme. This switch in activity allows YtsJ to adaptively compensate for cellular NADPH over- and underproduction upon demand. Finally, NADPH-dependent bifunctional activity was also detected in the YtsJ homolog in Escherichia coli MaeB. Overall, our study extends the known redox cofactor balancing mechanisms by providing first-time evidence that the type of catalyzed reaction by an enzyme depends on metabolite abundance.
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Arbter P, Sabra W, Utesch T, Hong Y, Zeng A. Metabolomic and kinetic investigations on the electricity-aided production of butanol by Clostridium pasteurianum strains. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:181-195. [PMID: 33716617 PMCID: PMC7923553 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we studied the effect of electro-fermentation on the butanol production of Clostridium pasteurianum strains by a targeted metabolomics approach. Two strains were examined: an electrocompetent wild type strain (R525) and a mutant strain (dhaB mutant) lacking formation of 1,3-propanediol (PDO). The dhaB-negative strain was able to grow on glycerol without formation of PDO, but displayed a high initial intracellular NADH/NAD ratio which was lowered subsequently by upregulation of the butanol production pathway. Both strains showed a 3-5 fold increase of the intracellular NADH/NAD ratio when exposed to cathodic current in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). This drove an activation of the butanol pathway and resulted in a higher molar butanol to PDO ratio for the R525 strain. Nonetheless, macroscopic electron balances suggest that no significant amount of electrons derived from the BES was harvested by the cells. Overall, this work points out that electro-fermentation can be used to trigger metabolic pathways and improve product formation, even when the used microbe cannot be considered electroactive. Accordingly, further studies are required to unveil the underlying (regulatory) mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Arbter
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
| | - Wael Sabra
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
| | - Tyll Utesch
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
| | - Yaeseong Hong
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
| | - An‐Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
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Milanesi E, Manda G, Dobre M, Codrici E, Neagoe IV, Popescu BO, Bajenaru OA, Spiru L, Tudose C, Prada GI, Davidescu EI, Piñol-Ripoll G, Cuadrado A. Distinctive Under-Expression Profile of Inflammatory and Redox Genes in the Blood of Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:429-442. [PMID: 33658823 PMCID: PMC7917358 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s280328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are present in most of the pathologic mechanisms underlying non-communicable diseases. Inflammation and redox biomarkers might therefore have a value in disease prognosis and therapy response. In this context, we performed a case–control study for assessing in whole blood the expression profile of inflammation and redox-related genes in elderly subjects with various comorbidities. Patients and Methods In the blood of 130 elderly subjects with various pathologies (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia including hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus), kept under control by polyvalent disease-specific medication, we investigated by pathway-focused qRT-PCR a panel comprising 84 inflammation-related and 84 redox-related genes. Results The study highlights a distinctive expression profile of genes critically involved in NF-κB-mediated inflammation and redox signaling in the blood of patients with cardiovascular disease, characterized by significant down-regulation of the genes NFKB2, NFKBIA, RELA, RELB, AKT1, IRF1, STAT1, CD40, LTA, TRAF2, PTGS1, ALOX12, DUOX1, DUOX2, MPO, GSR, TXNRD2, HSPA1A, MSRA, and PDLIM1. This gene expression profile defines the transcriptional status of blood leukocytes in stable disease under medication control, without discriminating between disease- and therapy-related changes. Conclusion The study brings preliminary proof on a minimally invasive strategy for monitoring disease in patients with cardiovascular pathology, from the point of view of inflammation or redox dysregulation in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milanesi
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Gina Manda
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Maria Dobre
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | | | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania.,Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.,Neurology Department, Clinical Hospital Colentina, Bucharest, 020125, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Alexandru Bajenaru
- Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.,Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, 050098, Romania
| | - Luiza Spiru
- Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.,The Excellence Memory Center and Longevity Medicine, "Ana Aslan" International Foundation,, Bucharest, 050064, Romania
| | - Catalina Tudose
- Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.,Section II, "Prof. Dr. Al. Obregia" Psychiatry Clinical Hospital & the Memory Center of the Romanian Alzheimer Society, Bucharest, 041914, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Ioan Prada
- Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.,Section IV, "Ana Aslan" National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Bucharest, 011241, Romania
| | - Eugenia Irene Davidescu
- Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 020021, Romania.,Neurology Department, Clinical Hospital Colentina, Bucharest, 020125, Romania
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastons Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria-IRBLLeida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania.,Department of Endocrine Physiology and Nervous System, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Neuroscience Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, 28046, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, 28031, Spain
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Abdel Hadi N, Reyes-Castellanos G, Carrier A. Targeting Redox Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041534. [PMID: 33546421 PMCID: PMC7913542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer cells to meet their high bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands. This metabolic reprogramming is accompanied by alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated production of ROS, mostly by mitochondrial respiration, is counteracted by higher production of antioxidant defenses (mainly glutathione and antioxidant enzymes). Cancer cells are adapted to a high concentration of ROS, which contributes to tumorigenesis, metastasis formation, resistance to therapy and relapse. Frequent genetic alterations observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) affect KRAS and p53 proteins, which have a role in ROS production and control, respectively. These observations led to the proposal of the use of antioxidants to prevent PDAC development and relapse. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic strategies to further increase ROS level to induce PDAC cell death. Combining the promotion of ROS production and inhibition of antioxidant capacity is a promising avenue for pancreatic cancer therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Carrier
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491-828-829; Fax: +33-491-826-083
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40
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Tarragó-Celada J, Foguet C, Tarrado-Castellarnau M, Marin S, Hernández-Alias X, Perarnau J, Morrish F, Hockenbery D, Gomis RR, Ruppin E, Yuneva M, Atauri P, Cascante M. Cysteine and Folate Metabolism Are Targetable Vulnerabilities of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:425. [PMID: 33498690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this work, we studied the metabolic reprogramming of same-patient-derived cell lines with increasing metastatic potential to develop new therapeutic approaches against metastatic colorectal cancer. Using a novel systems biology approach to integrate multiple layers of omics data, we predicted and validated that cystine uptake and folate metabolism, two key pathways related to redox metabolism, are potential targets against metastatic colorectal cancer. Our findings indicate that metastatic cell lines are selectively dependent on redox homeostasis, paving the way for new targeted therapies. Abstract With most cancer-related deaths resulting from metastasis, the development of new therapeutic approaches against metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is essential to increasing patient survival. The metabolic adaptations that support mCRC remain undefined and their elucidation is crucial to identify potential therapeutic targets. Here, we employed a strategy for the rational identification of targetable metabolic vulnerabilities. This strategy involved first a thorough metabolic characterisation of same-patient-derived cell lines from primary colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), its lymph node metastasis (SW620) and a liver metastatic derivative (SW620-LiM2), and second, using a novel multi-omics integration workflow, identification of metabolic vulnerabilities specific to the metastatic cell lines. We discovered that the metastatic cell lines are selectively vulnerable to the inhibition of cystine import and folate metabolism, two key pathways in redox homeostasis. Specifically, we identified the system xCT and MTHFD1 genes as potential therapeutic targets, both individually and combined, for combating mCRC.
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Lewis JE, Forshaw TE, Boothman DA, Furdui CM, Kemp ML. Personalized Genome-Scale Metabolic Models Identify Targets of Redox Metabolism in Radiation-Resistant Tumors. Cell Syst 2021; 12:68-81.e11. [PMID: 33476554 PMCID: PMC7905848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Redox cofactor production is integral toward antioxidant generation, clearance of reactive oxygen species, and overall tumor response to ionizing radiation treatment. To identify systems-level alterations in redox metabolism that confer resistance to radiation therapy, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline for integrating multi-omics data into personalized genome-scale flux balance analysis models of 716 radiation-sensitive and 199 radiation-resistant tumors. These models collectively predicted that radiation-resistant tumors reroute metabolic flux to increase mitochondrial NADPH stores and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Simulated genome-wide knockout screens agreed with experimental siRNA gene knockdowns in matched radiation-sensitive and radiation-resistant cancer cell lines, revealing gene targets involved in mitochondrial NADPH production, central carbon metabolism, and folate metabolism that allow for selective inhibition of glutathione production and H2O2 clearance in radiation-resistant cancers. This systems approach represents a significant advancement in developing quantitative genome-scale models of redox metabolism and identifying personalized metabolic targets for improving radiation sensitivity in individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Lewis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tom E. Forshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - David A. Boothman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA,Corresponding Author: Correspondence:
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Piñeyro MD, Arias D, Parodi-Talice A, Guerrero S, Robello C. Trypanothione Metabolism as Drug Target for Trypanosomatids. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1834-1846. [PMID: 33308115 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas Disease, African sleeping sickness, and leishmaniasis are neglected diseases caused by pathogenic trypanosomatid parasites, which have a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality in poor countries. The available drugs used as treatment have high toxicity, limited access, and can cause parasite drug resistance. Long-term treatments, added to their high toxicity, result in patients that give up therapy. Trypanosomatids presents a unique trypanothione based redox system, which is responsible for maintaining the redox balance. Therefore, inhibition of these essential and exclusive parasite's metabolic pathways, absent from the mammalian host, could lead to the development of more efficient and safe drugs. The system contains different redox cascades, where trypanothione and tryparedoxins play together a central role in transferring reduced power to different enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, non-selenium glutathione peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidases, glutaredoxins and methionine sulfoxide reductases, through NADPH as a source of electrons. There is sufficient evidence that this complex system is essential for parasite survival and infection. In this review, we explore what is known in terms of essentiality, kinetic and structural data, and the development of inhibitors of enzymes from this trypanothione-based redox system. The recent advances and limitations in the development of lead inhibitory compounds targeting these enzymes have been discussed. The combination of molecular biology, bioinformatics, genomics, and structural biology is fundamental since the knowledge of unique features of the trypanothione-dependent system will provide tools for rational drug design in order to develop better treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral y Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas, CONICET-UNL, Santa F, Argentina
| | | | - Sergio Guerrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral y Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas, CONICET-UNL, Santa F, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Abstract
Acute or chronic cellular stress resulting from aberrant metabolic and biochemical processes may trigger a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death, generally known as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is unique among the different cell death modalities, as it has been mostly linked to pathophysiological conditions and because several metabolic pathways, such as (seleno)thiol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, iron handling, mevalonate pathway, and mitochondrial respiration, directly impinge on the cells' sensitivity toward lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, key cellular redox systems, such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 and the NAD(P)H/ferroptosis suppressor protein-1/ubiquinone axis, are at play that constantly surveil and neutralize oxidative damage to cellular membranes. Since this form of cell death emerges to be the root cause of a number of diseases and since it offers various pharmacologically tractable nodes for therapeutic intervention, there has been overwhelming interest in the last few years aiming for a better molecular understanding of the ferroptotic death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Quinn WJ, Jiao J, TeSlaa T, Stadanlick J, Wang Z, Wang L, Akimova T, Angelin A, Schäfer PM, Cully MD, Perry C, Kopinski PK, Guo L, Blair IA, Ghanem LR, Leibowitz MS, Hancock WW, Moon EK, Levine MH, Eruslanov EB, Wallace DC, Baur JA, Beier UH. Lactate Limits T Cell Proliferation via the NAD(H) Redox State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108500. [PMID: 33326785 PMCID: PMC7830708 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell function is influenced by metabolic conditions. Low-glucose, high-lactate environments, such as the placenta, gastrointestinal tract, and the tumor microenvironment, are immunosuppressive, especially for glycolysis-dependent effector T cells. We report that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is reduced to NADH by lactate dehydrogenase in lactate-rich conditions, is a key point of metabolic control in T cells. Reduced NADH is not available for NAD+-dependent enzymatic reactions involving glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH). We show that increased lactate leads to a block at GAPDH and PGDH, leading to the depletion of post-GAPDH glycolytic intermediates, as well as the 3-phosphoglycerate derivative serine that is known to be important for T cell proliferation. Supplementing serine rescues the ability of T cells to proliferate in the presence of lactate-induced reductive stress. Directly targeting the redox state may be a useful approach for developing novel immunotherapies in cancer and therapeutic immunosuppression. Quinn et al. report that lactate has an acidity-independent suppressive effect on effector T cell proliferation mediated through a shift from NAD+ to NADH (lactate-induced reductive stress). This impairs glycolysis and glucose-derived serine production, which is required for effector T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jason Stadanlick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tatiana Akimova
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick M Schäfer
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle D Cully
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caroline Perry
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Piotr K Kopinski
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Penn SRP Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn SRP Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Louis R Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael S Leibowitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew H Levine
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ulf H Beier
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Saccoliti F, Di Santo R, Costi R. Recent Advancement in the Search of Innovative Antiprotozoal Agents Targeting Trypanothione Metabolism. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2420-2435. [PMID: 32805075 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites are responsible for the challenging neglected tropical diseases leishmaniases, Chagas disease, and human African trypanosomiasis, which account for up to 40,000 deaths annually mainly in developing countries. Current chemotherapy relies on drugs with significant limitations in efficacy and safety, prompting the urgent need to explore innovative approaches to improve the drug discovery pipeline. The unique trypanothione-based redox pathway, which is absent in human hosts, is vital for all trypanosomatids and offers valuable opportunities to guide the rational development of specific, broad-spectrum and innovative anti-trypanosomatid agents. Major efforts focused on the key metabolic enzymes trypanothione synthetase-amidase and trypanothione reductase, whose inhibition should affect the entire pathway and, finally, parasite survival. Herein, we will report and comment on the most recent studies in the search for enzyme inhibitors, underlining the promising opportunities that have emerged so far to drive the exploration of future successful therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saccoliti
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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46
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Chaput V, Martin A, Lejay L. Redox metabolism: the hidden player in carbon and nitrogen signaling? J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3816-3826. [PMID: 32064525 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While decades of research have considered redox metabolism as purely defensive, recent results show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for growth and development. Close relationships have been found between the regulation of nitrogen metabolism and ROS in response to both carbon and nitrogen availability. Root nitrate uptake and nitrogen metabolism have been shown to be regulated by a signal from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in response to carbon signaling. As a major source of NADP(H), the OPPP is critical to maintaining redox balance under stress situations. Furthermore, recent results suggest that at least part of the regulation of the root nitrate transporter by nitrogen signaling is also linked to the redox status of the plant. This leads to the question of whether there is a more general role of redox metabolism in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by carbon and nitrogen. This review highlights the role of the OPPP in carbon signaling and redox metabolism, and the interaction between redox and nitrogen metabolism. We discuss how redox metabolism could be an important player in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in response to carbon/nitrogen interaction and the implications for plant adaptation to extreme environments and future crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Chaput
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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47
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Nies SC, Dinger R, Chen Y, Wordofa GG, Kristensen M, Schneider K, Büchs J, Petzold CJ, Keasling JD, Blank LM, Ebert BE. Systems Analysis of NADH Dehydrogenase Mutants Reveals Flexibility and Limits of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120's Metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e03038-19. [PMID: 32245760 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03038-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate aerobic organisms rely on a functional electron transport chain for energy conservation and NADH oxidation. Because of this essential requirement, the genes of this pathway are likely constitutively and highly expressed to avoid a cofactor imbalance and energy shortage under fluctuating environmental conditions. We here investigated the essentiality of the three NADH dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain of the obligate aerobe Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 and the impact of the knockouts of corresponding genes on its physiology and metabolism. While a mutant lacking all three NADH dehydrogenases seemed to be nonviable, the single or double knockout mutant strains displayed no, or only a weak, phenotype. Only the mutant deficient in both type 2 dehydrogenases showed a clear phenotype with biphasic growth behavior and a strongly reduced growth rate in the second phase. In-depth analyses of the metabolism of the generated mutants, including quantitative physiological experiments, transcript analysis, proteomics, and enzyme activity assays revealed distinct responses to type 2 and type 1 dehydrogenase deletions. An overall high metabolic flexibility enables P. taiwanensis to cope with the introduced genetic perturbations and maintain stable phenotypes, likely by rerouting of metabolic fluxes. This metabolic adaptability has implications for biotechnological applications. While the phenotypic robustness is favorable in large-scale applications with inhomogeneous conditions, the possible versatile redirecting of carbon fluxes upon genetic interventions can thwart metabolic engineering efforts.IMPORTANCE While Pseudomonas has the capability for high metabolic activity and the provision of reduced redox cofactors important for biocatalytic applications, exploitation of this characteristic might be hindered by high, constitutive activity of and, consequently, competition with the NADH dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain. The in-depth analysis of NADH dehydrogenase mutants of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 presented here provides insight into the phenotypic and metabolic response of this strain to these redox metabolism perturbations. This high degree of metabolic flexibility needs to be taken into account for rational engineering of this promising biotechnological workhorse toward a host with a controlled and efficient supply of redox cofactors for product synthesis.
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48
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Klemm P, Rajendiran A, Fragoulis A, Wruck C, Schippers A, Wagner N, Bopp T, Tenbrock K, Ohl K. Nrf2 expression driven by Foxp3 specific deletion of Keap1 results in loss of immune tolerance in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:515-524. [PMID: 31840803 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates oxidative stress responses. However, the specific function of Nrf2 in Tregs, the central regulators of immune homeostasis, is unclear. Here, we report an unexpected but important role of Nrf2 in Tregs. Nrf2 expression driven by Foxp3 specific deletion of Keap1 resulted in an autoinflammatory phenotype with enhanced effector T cell activation and immune cell infiltrates in the lung. While early postnatal death of mice with Foxp3 specific deletion of Keap1 was most probably due to ectopic Foxp3cre expression and subsequent Keap1 deletion in epithelial cells, bone marrow chimeras suggest that Nrf2 activation intrinsically in Tregs contributes to a loss of Treg cells and diminished peripheral tolerance. Moreover, Nrf2 activation was associated with a loss of Foxp3 expression, but an enhanced glucose uptake and mTOR activity in Tregs, thus mimicking a metabolic phenotype that is associated with impaired lineage stability and cell functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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49
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Terzuoli E, Bellan C, Aversa S, Ciccone V, Morbidelli L, Giachetti A, Donnini S, Ziche M. ALDH3A1 Overexpression in Melanoma and Lung Tumors Drives Cancer Stem Cell Expansion, Impairing Immune Surveillance through Enhanced PD-L1 Output. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121963. [PMID: 31817719 PMCID: PMC6966589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines are characterized by an intrinsic population of cancer stem-like cells (CSC), and high expression of detoxifying isozymes, the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), regulating the redox state. In this study, using melanoma and NSCLC cells, we demonstrate that ALDH3A1 isozyme overexpression and activity is closely associated with a highly aggressive mesenchymal and immunosuppressive profile. The contribution of ALDH3A1 to the stemness and immunogenic status of melanoma and NSCLC cells was evaluated by their ability to grow in 3D forming tumorspheres, and by the expression of markers for stemness, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammation. Furthermore, in specimens from melanoma and NSCLC patients, we investigated the expression of ALDH3A1, PD-L1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by immunohistochemistry. We show that cells engineered to overexpress the ALDH3A1 enzyme enriched the CSCs population in melanoma and NSCLC cultures, changing their transcriptome. In fact, we found increased expression of EMT markers, such as vimentin, fibronectin, and Zeb1, and of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators, such as NFkB, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6 and -13. ALDH3A1 overexpression enhanced PD-L1 output in tumor cells and resulted in reduced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells when co-cultured with tumor cells. Furthermore, in tumor specimens from melanoma and NSCLC patients, ALDH3A1 expression was invariably correlated with PD-L1 and the pro-inflammatory marker COX-2. These findings link ALDH3A1 expression to tumor stemness, EMT and PD-L1 expression, and suggest that aldehyde detoxification is a redox metabolic pathway that tunes the immunological output of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Terzuoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Aversa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Giachetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
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50
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Badur MG, Muthusamy T, Parker SJ, Ma S, McBrayer SK, Cordes T, Magana JH, Guan KL, Metallo CM. Oncogenic R132 IDH1 Mutations Limit NADPH for De Novo Lipogenesis through (D)2-Hydroxyglutarate Production in Fibrosarcoma Sells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1018-1026.e4. [PMID: 30355481 PMCID: PMC6613636 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neomorphic mutations in NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2) contribute to tumorigenesis in several cancers. Although significant research has focused on the hypermethylation phenotypes associated with (D)2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) accumulation, the metabolic consequences of these mutations may also provide therapeutic opportunities. Here we apply flux-based approaches to genetically engineered cell lines with an endogenous IDH1 mutation to examine the metabolic impacts of increased D2HG production and altered IDH flux as a function of IDH1 mutation or expression. D2HG synthesis in IDH1-mutant cells consumes NADPH at rates similar to de novo lipogenesis. IDH1-mutant cells exhibit increased dependence on exogenous lipid sources for in vitro growth, as removal of medium lipids slows growth more dramatically in IDH1-mutant cells compared with those expressing wild-type or enzymatically inactive alleles. NADPH regeneration may be limiting for lipogenesis and potentially redox homeostasis in IDH1-mutant cells, highlighting critical links between cellular biosynthesis and redox metabolism. Badur et al. apply metabolic flux analysis to understand how oncogenic mutations in IDH1 alter redox metabolism. Production of (D)2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) consumes NADPH at levels similar to de novo lipogenesis, and removal of lipids compromises in vitro growth of IDH1-mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thangaselvam Muthusamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shenghong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jose H Magana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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