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Brar D, Khush G. Cytogenetic Manipulation and Germplasm Enhancement of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). GENETIC RESOURCES, CHROMOSOME ENGINEERING, AND CROP IMPROVEMENT 2006. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203489260.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chen XL, Xia GM, Chen HM. [Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome analysis of somatic hybrid of Triticum aestivum L. and Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel]. ZHI WU SHENG LI YU FEN ZI SHENG WU XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004. [PMID: 15627685 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(96)04492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intergeneric somatic hybrids were obtained by fusion between protoplasts of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jinan 177 and Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Protoplasts of L. chinensis were exposed to UV (300 microW/cm(2)) for 30 s, 45 s and 1 min before fusion. The results of morphological and chromosomal observation, isozyme pattern as well as RAPD analysis and the 5S rDNA space sequence analysis showed the hybrid nature of the regenerated colonies of fusion combination T (+) L (UV 30 s). Restriction Fragment Length Po1ymorphism (RFLP) analysis using mitochondrion-specific atp6 and chloroplast-specific rbcL probes showed that most of the organelle genomes of the hybrids originated from L. chinensis and some recombination happened between wheat and L. chinensis. The effects of elimination of the nuclear genome of receptor protoplast on hybrid regeneration and receptor organelle genome elimination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Akagi H, Taguchi T, Fujimura T. Stable inheritance and expression of the CMS traits introduced by asymmetric protoplast fusion. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1995; 91:563-567. [PMID: 24169881 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/1994] [Accepted: 01/27/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The donor-recipient protoplast fusion method was used to produce cybrid plants and to transfer cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) from two cytoplasmic male-sterile lines MTC-5A and MTC-9A into a fertile japonica cultivar, Sasanishiki. The CMS was expressed in the cybrid plants and was stably transmitted to their progenies. Only cytoplasmic traits of the male-sterile lines, especially the mitochondrial DNAs, were introduced into the cells of the fertile rice cultivar. More than 80% of the cybrid plants did not set any seeds upon selfing. Sterile cybrid plants set seeds only when they were fertilized with normal pollen by hand and yielded only sterile progenies. This maternally inherited sterility of the cybrid plants showed that they were characterized by CMS. The CMS of cybrid plants could be restored completely by crossing with MTC-10R which had the single dominant gene Rf-1 for restoring fertility. These results indicated that CMS was caused by the mitochondrial genome introduced through protoplast fusion. The introduced CMS was stably transmitted to their progenies during at least eight backcross generations. These results demonstrate that cybrids generated by the donor-recipient protoplast fusion technique can be used in hybrid rice breeding for the creation of new cytoplasmic male-sterile rice lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Akagi
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc., Togo 1144, 297, Mobara, Japan
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Current developments in plant biotechnology for genetic improvement: the case of rice (Oryza sativa L.). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1995; 11:393-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00364614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0357-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Spangenberg G, Vallés MP, Wang ZY, Montavon P, Nagel J, Potrykus I. Asymmetric somatic hybridization between tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and irradiated Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) protoplasts. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:509-519. [PMID: 24186103 DOI: 10.1007/bf01240911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/1993] [Accepted: 09/09/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrids have been obtained by the fusion of metabolically inactivated protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures ofFestuca arundinacea (recipient) and protoplasts from a non-morphogenic cell suspension ofLolium multiflorum (donor) irradiated with 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 Gy of X-rays. Regenerating calli led to the recovery of genotypically and phenotypically different asymmetric somatic hybridFestulolium plants. The genome composition of the asymmetric somatic hybrid clones was characterized by quantitative dot-blot hybridizations using dispersed repetitive DNA sequences specific to tall fescue and Italian ryegrass. Data from dot-blot hybridizations using two cloned Italian ryegrass-specific sequences as probes showed that irradiation favoured a unidirectional elimination of most or part of the donor chromosomes in asymmetric somatic hybrid clones obtained from fusion experiments using donor protoplasts irradiated at doses ≤ 250 Gy. Irradiation of cells of the donor parent with 500 Gy prior to protoplast fusion produced highly asymmetric nuclear hybrids with over 80% elimination of the donor genome as well as clones showing a complete loss of donor chromosomes. Further information on the degree of asymmetry in regenerated hybrid plants was obtained from chromosomal analysis including in situ hybridizations withL. multiflorum-specific repetitive sequences. A Southern blot hybridization analysis using one chloroplast and six mitochondrial-specific probes revealed preferentially recipient-type organelles in asymmetric somatic hybrid clones obtained from fusion experiments with donor protoplasts irradiated with doses higher than 100 Gy. It is concluded that the irradiation of donor cells before fusion at different doses can be used for producing both nuclear hybrids with limited donor DNA elimination or highly asymmetric nuclear hybrid plants in an intergeneric graminaceous combination. For a wide range of radiation doses tested (25-250Gy), the degree of the species-specific genome elimination from the irradiated partner seems not to be dose dependent. A bias towards recipient-type organelles was apparent when extensive donor nuclear genome elimination occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spangenberg
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sakai T, Imamura J. Alteration of mitochondrial genomes containing atpA genes in the sexual progeny of cybrids between Raphanus sativus cms line and Brassica napus cv. Westar. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 84:923-929. [PMID: 24201495 DOI: 10.1007/bf00227405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/1991] [Accepted: 11/11/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the fate of the mitochondrial genomes of cybrids derived from "donor-recipient" protoplast fusion between X-irradiated Raphanus sativus (cms line) and iodoacetamide-treated Brassica napus cv. Westar. Two out of ten fusion products were male-sterile with the diploid chromosome number of B. napus. The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the cybrids and their progeny were further analyzed by DNA-DNA hybridizaion using the pea mitochondrial ATPase subunit gene (atpA) as a probe. One cybrid, 18-3, had a 3.0 kb fragment characteristic of B. napus and a 2.0 kb non-parental fragment when the BamHI-digested DNA was hybridized with the probe. In the first-backcrossed progeny of this cybrid, the hybridization pattern was not stably inherited. A 4.0 kb radish fragment, not detectable in the cybrid, appeared in one of the BC1 generation siblings, and the 2.0 kb non-parental fragment was lost in another. The hybridization patterns in BC1 progeny siblings of cybrid 12-9 were also varied. The alteration of mtDNA in the cybrid progeny continued to the BC2 generation. There was no clear evidence of a heteroplasmic state or of sub-stoichiometric molecules in the mt genome of cybrid 18-3. A possible cause of the observed alteration in the mt genome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Plantech Research Institute, 1000 Kamoshida, Midori-Ku, 227, Yokohama, Japan
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Creemers-Molenaar J, Hall RD, Krens FA. Asymmetric protoplast fusion aimed at intraspecific transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Lolium perenne L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 84:763-770. [PMID: 24201371 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/1991] [Accepted: 12/19/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Techniques have been developed for the production of cybrids in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). Gamma-irradiated protoplasts of a cytoplasmically male-sterile breeding line of perennial ryegrass (B200) were fused with iodoacetamide-treated protoplasts of a fertile breeding line (Jon 401). After fusion 25 putative cybrid calli were characterized to determine mitochondrion type and composition of the nuclear genome. Analysis of phosphoglucoisomerase isozyme profiles and determination of the ploidy level by flow cytometry indicated that all of the calli tested essentially contained the nuclear DNA of the fertile line. However, the presence of parts of the nuclear DNA from the sterile line could not be excluded. Southern blotting of total DNA isolated from the parental lines and putative cybrids combined with hybridizations using the mitochondrial probes cox1 and atp6 revealed that the mitochondria of the calli originated from the fertile line (5 calli), the sterile line (5 calli) or from both parental lines (15 calli). The hybridization patterns of the mtDNA from the cybrid calli showed extensive quantitative and qualitative variation, suggesting that fusion-induced inter- or intramolecular mitochondrial recombination had taken place.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Creemers-Molenaar
- Barenbrug Holland BV, Stationsstraat 40, NL-6678, AC Oosterhout, The Netherlands
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Takamizo T, Spangenberg G, Suginobu K, Potrykus I. Intergeneric somatic hybridization in Gramineae: somatic hybrid plants between tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1991; 231:1-6. [PMID: 1753939 DOI: 10.1007/bf00293814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) protoplasts, inactivated by iodoacetamide, and non-morphogenic Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) protoplasts, both derived from suspension cultures, were electrofused and putative somatic hybrid plants were recovered. Two different genotypic fusion combinations were carried out and several green plants were regenerated in one of them. With respect to plant habitus, leaf and inflorescence morphology, the regenerants had phenotypes intermediate between those of the parents. Southern hybridization analysis using a rice ribosomal DNA probe revealed that the regenerants contained both tall fescue- and Italian ryegrass-specific-DNA fragments. A cloned Italian ryegrass-specific interspersed DNA probe hybridized to total genomic DNA from Italian ryegrass and from the green regenerated somatic hybrid plants but not to tall fescue. Chromosome counts and zymograms of leaf esterases suggested nuclear genome instability of the somatic hybrid plants analyzed. Four mitochondrial probes and one chloroplast DNA probe were used in Southern hybridization experiments to analyze the organellar composition of the somatic hybrids obtained. The somatic hybrid plants analyzed showed tall fescue, additive or novel mtDNA patterns when hybridized with different mitochondrial gene-specific probes, while corresponding analysis using a chloroplast gene-specific probe revealed in all cases the tall fescue hybridization profile. Independently regenerated F. arundinacea (+) L. multiflorum somatic hybrid plants were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity, representing the first flowering intergeneric somatic hybrids recovered in Gramineae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takamizo
- National Grassland Research Institute, Tochigi, Japan
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Steinbiss HH, Davidson A. Transient gene expression of chimeric genes in cells and tissues of crops. Subcell Biochem 1991; 17:143-66. [PMID: 1796483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Steinbiss
- Max-Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Abt. Genetische Grundlagen der Pflanzenzüchtung, Köln, Germany
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Sakai T, Imamura J. Intergeneric transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility between Raphanus sativus (cms line) and Brassica napus through cytoplast-protoplast fusion. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 80:421-7. [PMID: 24220980 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/1989] [Accepted: 05/03/1990] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasts isolated from hypocotyl protoplasts of Raphanus sativus cv Kosena (cms line) by ultracentrifugation through Percoll/mannitol discontinuous gradient were fused with iodoacetamide(IOA)-treated protoplasts of Brassica napus cv Westar. Seventeen randomly selected regenerated plants were characterized for morphology and chromosome numbers. All of the regenerated plants had morphology identical to B. napus and 10 of them possessed the diploid chromosome number of B. napus. The remaining plants had chimeric or aneuploid chromosome numbers. The mitochondrial genomes in the 10 fusion products possessing the diploid chromosome numbers of B. napus were examined by Southern hybridization analysis. Four of the 10 plants contained mitochondrial DNA showing novel hybridization patterns. Of these 4 plants, 1 was male sterile, and 3 were male fertile. The remaining plants showed mitochondrial DNA patterns identical to B. napus and were male fertile.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Plantech Research Institute, 1000 Kamoshida, Midori-ku, 227, Yokohama, Japan
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Saleh NM, Gupta HS, Finch RP, Cocking EC, Mulligan BJ. Stability of mitochondrial DNA in tissue-cultured cells of rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 79:342-346. [PMID: 24226352 DOI: 10.1007/bf01186077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1989] [Accepted: 10/20/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Restriction analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from 3-month-old callus cultures of the cytoplasmic male sterile rice, V41A, which contains S2 or "wild abortive" cytoplasm, and its fertile maintainer, V41B, showed the same BamHI restriction profiles as mtDNA from the corresponding leaf material. Similarly, mtDNA of rice (var. Taipei 309) from leaves, a 2-month-old cell suspension (T3MS2/A), a totipotent suspension (T3MS) and a 19-month-old suspension, which had lost its protoplast regeneration ability (LB3), showed indistinguishable BamHI restriction profiles. However, clear differences in mtDNA restriction profiles were observed between LB3 and a 30-month-old suspension culture of Taipei 309 (LB1), which appeared to reflect substantial changes in the relative abundance of specific DNA sequences. Hybridisation of a maizecoxII gene probe to blots of restricted mtDNA confirmed that, while the relative abundance of certain mtDNA sequences was preserved during long-term tissue culture of rice, major changes in abundance were observed with other sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Saleh
- Department of Botany, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Krens FA, Jamar D, Rouwendal GJ, Hall RD. Transfer of cytoplasm from newBeta CMS sources to sugar beet by asymmetric fusion : 1. Shoot regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts and characterization of regenerated plants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 79:390-396. [PMID: 24226359 DOI: 10.1007/bf01186084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/1989] [Accepted: 11/30/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For our program on the transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) by cybridization inBeta vulgaris L. (sugar beet), we have developed a procedure for the isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts of sugar beet followed by shoot regeneration. A prerequisite proved to be the presence in the media of n-propylgallate (nPG), a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Sustained divisions were found in all accessions that were tested. Plating efficiencies and regeneration ability varied greatly from one experiment to the other and appeared to be accession-dependent. Shoots could be easily transferred to soil. A majority of the regenerants (72%) retained the diploid chromosome number. Somaclonar variation in phenotype was low (4.9%). Mitochondrial DNA probes, capable of discriminating different cytoplasms ofBeta spp. showed no rearrangements due to the protoplast and in vitro culture phase, indicating that these probes can be used to identify cybrids after asymmetric fusions. The data presented here open up possibilities for genetic engineering using protoplasts in one of the world's most important arable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Krens
- Centre for Plant Breeding Research, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kyozuka J, Kaneda T, Shimamoto K. Production of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) by Cell Fusion. Nat Biotechnol 1989. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt1189-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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