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Salvador C, Salvador R, Willeit P, Kuntner C, Haid A, Müller T, Kropshofer G, Crazzolara R. Hyponatremia During Induction Therapy in Distinct Pediatric Oncological Cohorts: A Retrospective Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708875. [PMID: 34778028 PMCID: PMC8586428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyponatremia is a well-known adverse event of repeated therapy with vincristine in oncological patients. However, to date, data in pediatric patients with malignant diseases other than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are sparse or lacking. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of 98 pediatric patients was conducted to analyze the incidence of hyponatremia in a Caucasian cohort of newly diagnosed ALL. For comparison, we further examined five other pediatric oncological cohorts (Hodgkin’s disease, Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumor, benign glioma of the CNS, Langerhans cell histiocytosis) that receive alkaloids in their induction regimes. Results We found a high incidence of hyponatremia (14.7%) in our ALL cohort with a trend toward male patients of elementary school age. None of the affected patients showed neurological symptoms. By comparison, patients from other malignancy groups did not show significant hyponatremia, regardless of their comparable therapy with alkaloids. We here show a noticeable coincidence of hyponatremia and hypertriglyceridemia in ALL patients, indicating a possible role of L-asparaginase-related hypertriglyceridemia in the development of severe hyponatremia in such patients. Conclusion We report a higher incidence of hyponatremia following vincristine therapy in Caucasian children with ALL than published before. This hyponatremia could not be demonstrated in other oncologic cohorts treated with alkaloids. L-Asparaginase-induced hypertriglyceridemia may play a role in the certainly multifactorial development of hyponatremia in childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Salvador
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Kuntner
- Information Technology Management, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Haid
- Competence Center for Clinical Studies, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Kropshofer
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Crazzolara
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Krishnamurthy A, Bhattacharya S, Lathia T, Kantroo V, Kalra S, Dutta D. Anticancer Medications and Sodium Dysmetabolism. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 16:122-130. [PMID: 33117443 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2020.16.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances have revolutionised cancer treatment over the last two decades, but despite improved survival and outcomes, adverse effects to anticancer therapy such as dyselectrolytaemias do occur and need to be managed appropriately. This review explores essential aspects of sodium homeostasis in cancer with a focus on alterations arising from anticancer medications. Sodium and water balance are tightly regulated by close interplay of stimuli arising from hypothalamic osmoreceptors, arterial and atrial baroreceptors and the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus. This delicate balance can be disrupted by cancer itself, as well as the medications used to treat it. Some of the conventional chemotherapeutics, such as alkylating agents and platinum-based drugs, can cause hyponatraemia and, on rare occasions, hypernatraemia. Other conventional agents such as vinca alkaloids, as well as newer targeted cancer therapies including small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, can cause hyponatraemia, usually as a result of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Hyponatraemia can also sometimes occur secondarily to drug-induced hypocortisolism or salt-wasting syndromes. Another atypical but distinct mechanism for hyponatraemia is via pituitary dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hypernatraemia is uncommon and occasionally ensues as a result of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Identification of the aetiology and appropriate management of these conditions, in addition to averting treatment-related problems, can be lifesaving in critical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnamurthy
- Endocrinology Department, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Saptarshi Bhattacharya
- Endocrinology Department, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejal Lathia
- Endocrinology Department, Fortis Hospital, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viny Kantroo
- Respiratory Department, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Endocrinology Department, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Deep Dutta
- CEDAR Superspeciality Clinics, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Madsen ML, Due H, Ejskjær N, Jensen P, Madsen J, Dybkær K. Aspects of vincristine-induced neuropathy in hematologic malignancies: a systematic review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:471-485. [PMID: 31214762 PMCID: PMC6682573 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vincristine is widely used as anticancer therapy for a variety of hematological malignancies. The treatment is limited by progressive vincristine-induced neuropathy, possibly including both peripheral sensory and motor nerves, autonomic nervous functions, and the central nervous system. This dose-limiting side-effect can diminish quality of life and, furthermore, cause discontinuation of vincristine treatment. The present review elucidates the current knowledge regarding vincristine-induced neuropathy in hematologic malignancies, focusing on neuropathy assessment, clinical and molecular predictive markers, drug-drug interference, prevention, and treatment. METHODS This review is conducted by a systematic search strategy for the identification of relevant literature in the PubMed and Embase databases. RESULTS No clinical parameters displayed convincing potential as predictors of vincristine-induced neuropathy; however, preexisting neuropathy was consistently reported to be associated with an increased risk of neurotoxicity. In contrast, molecular markers, including polymorphisms in genes involved in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of vincristine, displayed great potential as predictive markers of neuropathy incidence and severity. Furthermore, antifungal drugs, such as itraconazole and voriconazole, decrease the metabolism of vincristine and consequently lead to severe neuropathy when co-administered with vincristine, underscoring why fluconazole should be the antifungal drug of choice. CONCLUSION Reports from the 71 included studies clearly emphasize the lack of consistency in neuropathy assessment, grading systems, and reporting, making it difficult to interpret results between studies. Thus, truer clinical and molecular markers could emerge if the consistency of neuropathy detection and reporting increases by the use of conventional standardized neuropathy assessment tools and grading scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lindhard Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Due
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Ejskjær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paw Jensen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA) are rare, locally aggressive vascular tumors. Although currently classified as separate entities, they are becoming increasingly recognized as a spectrum of the same pathology. There is a well-recognized association with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon KHE and TA are considered neoplasms of intermediate malignancy because of infiltrative growth, local aggressiveness, and variable prognosis. To date, definitive treatment for these vascular tumors has had limited success. AIM To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and role of vincristine in the treatment of KHE and TA. METHODS Case review of patient files and pathology reports at The Children's Hospital at Westmead from 1995 to 2009. RESULTS Twelve cases with KHE or TA were identified. Seven cases were treated with vincristine. The survival rate in the vincristine group was 100%. Mean age of diagnosis was 30 months (range birth to 9 y). 6 patients were female (85.7%). Mean time of the follow-up was 4 years (range 4 mo to 8 y). Out of the 7 cases treated with vincristine, 3 patients had associated Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (43%). Complete resolution, regression in size, and improvement in analgesia were found in 1 case (14%), 3 cases (43%) and 2 cases (29%), respectively. Vincristine related side effects occurred in 2 cases (29%). CONCLUSIONS Vincristine is an effective treatment option for KHE/TA. It is associated with a low side effect profile and should be considered as the first-line agent.
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Harifi G, Chérif Idrissi N, Ousehal A, Ait Ben Ali S, Belaabidia B, El Hassani S. Compression médullaire révélatrice d’un lymphome de Burkitt chez un adulte. Presse Med 2009; 38:1698-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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O'Regan GM, Irvine AD, Yao N, O'Marcaigh A, Sheridan-Pereira M, Phelan E, McDermott MB, Twomey A, Russell J, Watson R. Mediastinal and neck kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: report of three cases. Pediatr Dermatol 2009; 26:331-7. [PMID: 19706099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2009.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is an aggressive vascular tumor, named for its striking histologic resemblance to Kaposi sarcoma and locally invasive growth. Mortality is high, and ranges from 10% to 24% for all kaposiform hemangioendothelioma lesions, with a significantly higher mortality for deep soft-tissue or visceral lesions occurring in infants less than 6 months. Mediastinal and neck kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in particular merit special discussion, as involvement of these critical anatomic locations results in significant site-specific therapeutic challenges due to invasion of vital structures, inherent delays in establishing histopathologic confirmation, and difficulties in monitoring disease status. We report our experience with three cases of mediastinal and neck kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, emphasizing the unique diagnostic and management challenges, variable response to treatment and outcome of this anatomic variant of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne M O'Regan
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Endocrine complications of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are common and are potentially debilitating both during and after therapy. Growth velocity slows during therapy for ALL, especially during the first year; however, children who do not receive cranial irradiation usually reach normal adult height. While growth hormone deficiency generally occurs in patients who have received 24Gy of cranial irradiation, it may also develop in those treated with lower doses (18Gy) of cranial radiation or with only high-dose methotrexate. Obesity commonly occurs during therapy and persists after completion of therapy. Osteopenia can occur early during therapy for ALL and can persist for many years. Adrenal insufficiency should be suspected in any child who has recently received glucocorticoid therapy, and stress doses of steroid should be administered in the event of metabolic stress. Screening of urine is useful for early detection of hyperglycemia during therapy with glucocorticoids and L-asparaginase. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone is usually associated with vincristine therapy and may be aggravated by concurrent use of azole antifungals. Finally, patients who have received 18 or 24Gy of cranial irradiation may have clinical or subclinical deficiencies of thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Howard
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Garrett CA, Simpson TA. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone associated with vinorelbine therapy. Ann Pharmacother 1998; 32:1306-9. [PMID: 9876812 DOI: 10.1345/aph.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe onset of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with vinorelbine therapy for advanced breast cancer. CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old white woman with a history of advanced breast cancer refractory to other treatment modalities was receiving vinorelbine. Blood chemistries revealed severely depleted sodium and potassium concentrations from a normal baseline within a 7-day period. A recheck of blood chemistries confirmed hyponatremia. The patient was admitted to the hospital and treated for SIADH. After successful treatment, she was given demeclocycline prophylactically and rechallenged with vinorelbine without recurrence of the syndrome. DISCUSSION SIADH has been reported as a complication of treatment with vinca alkaloids. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this syndrome related to vinorelbine therapy. CONCLUSIONS Because of its structural similarity to the other vinca alkaloids, vinorelbine is believed to be responsible for SIADH in our patient. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that vinorelbine may cause SIADH and possibly hypokalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Garrett
- Redmond Regional Medical Center, Rome, GA 30165, USA
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Abstract
Hyponatremia is a common potential complication in cancer patients. It can be related to anticancer medical therapy. Vincristine, vinblastine, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide are the chemotherapeutic agents most frequently associated with hyponatremia. More recently, analogs such as carboplatin and ifosfamide have also been incriminated. Hyponatremia is also associated with new immunomodulators (interferon, interleukin-2 and levamisole) and monoclonal antibodies. The mechanism by which all these drugs act on the sodium steady state is only partially known. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is described secondary to vinca alkaloids and cisplatin and possibly with alkylating agents. Renal salt wasting is described with platinum compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berghmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
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Abe T, Takaue Y, Okamoto Y, Yamaue T, Nakagawa R, Makimoto A, Sato J, Kawano Y, Kuroda Y. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1995; 12:363-9. [PMID: 7577388 DOI: 10.3109/08880019509029586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of SIADH (the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) was analyzed retrospectively in 43 children who received marrow-ablative chemotherapy before autografts with peripheral blood stem cells for lymphoid malignancies. SIADH was documented in three children (ages 3, 13, and 13 years) who received chemotherapy, which included high-dose methyl 6-[3-(chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) and cyclophosphamide, under a concomitant overhydration protocol. SIADH was manifested as frequent vomiting in two patients and as generalized seizure in one. Hyponatremia (< 125 mEq/L), hypo-osmolality (< 260 mOsm/kgH2O), and continued urinary excretion of sodium (> 30 mEq/L) were used to diagnose SIADH in these three patients. All signs and symptoms subsided within 24 hours either by fluid restriction alone (n = 1) or by supportive care including anticonvulsant and D-mannitol, or hyperhydration with saline plus 5% glucose and diuretic. None of the patients died. Careful monitoring of the serum sodium level, as well as the osmolality of plasma and urine, should be incorporated into the patient management protocol for this type of high-dose chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Tokushima, Japan
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