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Suzuki M, Takita T, Kuwata K, Nakatani K, Li T, Katano Y, Kojima K, Mizutani K, Mikami B, Yatsunami R, Nakamura S, Yasukawa K. Insight into the mechanism of thermostabilization of GH10 xylanase from Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1 by the mutation of S92 to E. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:386-390. [PMID: 33604642 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of thermostabilization of GH10 xylanase, XynR, from Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1 by the mutation of S92 to E was investigated. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that thermostabilization was driven by the decrease in entropy change of activation for thermal inactivation. Crystallographic analysis suggested that this mutation suppressed the fluctuation of the amino acid residues at position 92-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Suzuki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuwata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kota Nakatani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tongyang Li
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuta Katano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kojima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Mizutani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rie Yatsunami
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.,National Institute of Technology, Numazu College, Ooka, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Takita T, Nakatani K, Katano Y, Suzuki M, Kojima K, Saka N, Mikami B, Yatsunami R, Nakamura S, Yasukawa K. Increase in the thermostability of GH11 xylanase XynJ from Bacillus sp. strain 41M-1 using site saturation mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 130:109363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Nawawi MH, Mohamad R, Tahir PM, Saad WZ. Extracellular Xylanopectinolytic Enzymes by Bacillus subtilis ADI1 from EFB's Compost. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2017; 2017:7831954. [PMID: 28523288 PMCID: PMC5421085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7831954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial xylanase and pectinase are two extremely valuable enzymes, which have captivated much attention. This can be seen from the increased demand for these enzymes by many industrial sectors. This study investigates the isolation and screening of extracellular xylanopectinolytic enzymes-producing bacteria in a submerged fermentation (SmF). Samples are collected from the compost of empty fruit bunch (EFB) at Biocompost Pilot Plant, located at Biorefinery Plant, Universiti Putra Malaysia. From the experiment, out of 20 isolates, 11 isolates show xylanase or/and pectinase activity, and only one isolate (EFB-11) shows the concurrent activities of xylanase and pectinase. These activities are selected for enzyme production under submerged fermentation (quantitative screening). At the 72nd hour of incubation, xylanase and pectinase show the highest production, which ranges about 42.33 U/mL and 62.17 U/mL (with low amount of cellulase present), supplemented with 2% (w/v) of rice bran as carbon source at incubation temperature level, which is 30°C. Meanwhile, the pH of media is shifted to 8.42, which indicates that EFB-11 isolate is alkalotolerant bacteria and identified as Bacillus subtilis ADI1. This strain proves to have potential in agroindustrial bioconversion and has a promising ability to scale up to an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hariadi Nawawi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paridah Md. Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zuhainis Saad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Biochemical and Thermodynamic Characterization of a Novel, Low Molecular Weight Xylanase from Bacillus Methylotrophicus CSB40 Isolated from Traditional Korean Food. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:126-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Graciano L, Corrêa JM, Vieira FGN, Bosetto A, Loth EA, Kadowaki MK, Gandra RF, Simão RDCG. Cloning and Expression of the xynA1 Gene Encoding a Xylanase of the GH10 Group in Caulobacter crescentus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3915-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Qiao W, Tang S, Mi S, Jia X, Peng X, Han Y. Biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable GH11 xylanase with CBM6 domain from Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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A Calcium-Dependent Xylan-Binding Domain of Alkaline Xylanase from AlkaliphilicBacillussp. Strain 41M-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:379-81. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of a new alkaline active multidomain xylanase from alkaline wastewater sludge. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:327-34. [PMID: 23117673 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A xylanase gene, xyn-b39, coding for a multidomain glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 protein was cloned from the genomic DNA of the alkaline wastewater sludge of a paper mill. Its deduced amino acid sequence of 1,481 residues included two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) of family CBM_4_9, one catalytic domain of GH 10, one family 9 CBM and three S-layer homology (SLH) domains. xyn-b39 was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. Xyn-b39 exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 60 °C, and remained highly active under alkaline conditions (more than 80 % activity at pH 9.0 and 40 % activity at pH 10.0). The enzyme was thermostable at 55 °C, retaining more than 90 % of the initial activity after 2 h pre-incubation. Xyn-b39 had wide substrate specificity and hydrolyzed soluble substrates (birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, oat spelt xylan, wheat arabinoxylan) and insoluble substrates (oat spelt xylan and wheat arabinoxylan). Hydrolysis product analysis indicated that Xyn-b39 was an endo-type xylanase. The K (m) and V (max) values of Xyn-b39 for birchwood xylan were 1.01 mg/mL and 73.53 U/min/mg, respectively. At the charge of 10 U/g reed pulp for 1 h, Xyn-b39 significantly reduced the Kappa number (P < 0.05) with low consumption of chlorine dioxide alone.
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Nagar S, Mittal A, Kumar D, Gupta VK. Production of alkali tolerant cellulase free xylanase in high levels by Bacillus pumilus SV-205. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 50:414-20. [PMID: 22227307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fermentation conditions were optimized for hyper production of xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SV-205. The bacterium secretes high levels (7382.7±1200 IU/mL) of cellulase-free xylanase using wheat bran led to 21.63 fold increase in activity. A combination of yeast extract and peptone stimulated highest xylanase production (2448.0 IU/mL) as compared to other combinations. The most important characteristic of the enzyme is its high pH stability (100%) over a broad pH range of 6-11 for 24h. Thermostability studies revealed that enzyme retained 65% activity after an incubation of 2h at 60°C. The level of production is remarkable as compared to earlier reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Yadav S, Kaushik R, K. Saxena A, K. Arora D. Genetic and functional diversity of Bacillus strains in the soils long-term irrigated with paper and pulp mill effluent. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2011; 57:183-95. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.57.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Umemoto H, Yazawa R, Takakura J, Yatsunami R, Fukui T, Nakamura S. Analysis of Functional Domains and Improvement of Alkaliphily of an Alkaline Xylanase on the Basis of Its Three-dimensional Structure. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2010. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.57.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ninawe S, Lal R, Kuhad RC. Isolation of Three Xylanase-Producing Strains of Actinomycetes and Their Identification Using Molecular Methods. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:178-82. [PMID: 16874551 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-eight actinomycetes were isolated from 20 samples collected from different locations in and around Delhi, India. Among these, 69 isolates were found positive for xylanase production. Of 69 isolates, 3 (SN32, SN77, and SN83) produced >125 IU/ml xylanase. Modern genetic tools were used for revealing the identities of these potent xylanase producers. The selected isolates were categorized under the genus Streptomyces based on their cultural and morphologic characteristics. Genetic diversity among these species of Streptomyces was established based on restriction length fragment polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The closest phylogenetic neighbours according to the 16S rRNA gene-sequence data for the three isolates SN32, SN77, and SN83 were Streptomyces cyaneus, S. tendae, and S. caelestis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Ninawe
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Block II, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India.
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Sakata T, Miyakubo H, Osada Y, Wada R, Takahashi H, Yatsunami R, Fukui T, Nakamura S. Functional Improvement of Xylanase by Introducing Mutated Xylan-binding Domain. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2006. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.53.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Xylanolytic and Alkaliphilic Dietzia sp. Isolated from Larvae of the Japanese Horned Beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3209/saj.20.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Production and characterization of xylanases of a Bacillus strain isolated from soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-1934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Xylanases are used mainly in the pulp and paper industries for the pretreatment of Kraft pulp prior to bleaching to minimize use of chlorine, the conventional bleaching agent. This application has great potential as an environmentally safe method. Hydrolysis by xylanases of relocated and reprecipitated xylan on the surface of cellulose fibres formed during Kraft cooking facilitates the removal of lignin by increasing permeability to oxidising agents. Most of the xylanases reported in the literature contained significant cellulolytic activity, which make them less suitable for pulp and paper industries. The need for large quantities of xylanases which would be stable at higher temperatures and pH values and free of cellulase activity has necessitated a search for novel enzymes. We have isolated and characterised several xylanase-producing cultures, one of which (an alkalophilic Bacillus SSP-34) produced more than 100 IU ml(-1) of xylanase activity. The SSP-34 xylanases have optimum activity at 50 degrees C in a pH range 6-8, with only small amounts of cellulolytic activity (CMCase (0.4 IU ml(-1), pH 7), FPase (0.2 IU ml(-1), pH 7) and no activity at pH 9).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subramaniyan
- Biochemical Processing and Waste Water Technology, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum, India
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17
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Horikoshi K. Alkaliphiles: some applications of their products for biotechnology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1999; 63:735-50, table of contents. [PMID: 10585964 PMCID: PMC98975 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.63.4.735-750.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "alkaliphile" is used for microorganisms that grow optimally or very well at pH values above 9 but cannot grow or grow only slowly at the near-neutral pH value of 6.5. Alkaliphiles include prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. Many different taxa are represented among the alkaliphiles, and some of these have been proposed as new taxa. Alkaliphiles can be isolated from normal environments such as garden soil, although viable counts of alkaliphiles are higher in samples from alkaline environments. The cell surface may play a key role in keeping the intracellular pH value in the range between 7 and 8.5, allowing alkaliphiles to thrive in alkaline environments, although adaptation mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Alkaliphiles have made a great impact in industrial applications. Biological detergents contain alkaline enzymes, such as alkaline cellulases and/or alkaline proteases, that have been produced from alkaliphiles. The current proportion of total world enzyme production destined for the laundry detergent market exceeds 60%. Another important application is the industrial production of cyclodextrin by alkaline cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. This enzyme has reduced the production cost and paved the way for cyclodextrin use in large quantities in foodstuffs, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It has also been reported that alkali-treated wood pulp could be biologically bleached by xylanases produced by alkaliphiles. Other applications of various aspects of alkaliphiles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Horikoshi
- Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa and Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan.
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18
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Subramaniyan S, Prema P, Ramakrishna SV. Isolation and screening for alkaline thermostable xylanases. J Basic Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620370610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Christakopoulos P, Kekos D, Macris BJ, Claeyssens M, Bhat MK. Purification and characterisation of a major xylanase with cellulase and transferase activities from Fusarium oxysporum. Carbohydr Res 1996; 289:91-104. [PMID: 8805776 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(96)00146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A major xylanase from Fusarium oxysporum was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration, affinity, and ion-exchange chromatographies. It has a molecular mass of 60.2 kDa and pI of 6.6 and was optimally active at pH 7.4 and at 50 degrees C. The enzyme was stable over the pH range 5.8-8.2 at 40 degrees C for 24 h and lost 45% of its original activity at pH 9.0 under the identical conditions. The enzyme rapidly hydrolysed xylans from oat spelts (husks) and birchwood, but the activities on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), filter paper, and Avicel were very low. Determination of kcat/Km revealed that the enzyme hydrolysed oat spelts and birchwood xylans, 15-30 times more efficiently than CMC. In a 24 h incubation, at pH 7.0 and 9.0, the enzyme hydrolysed oat spelts and birchwood xylans by 75 and 65%, respectively. However, at pH 7.0, the enzyme released almost equal amounts of xylose and xylobiose from both xylans, whereas at pH 9.0, the concentration of xylobiose was twice as muchi as that of xylose and xylotriose. Xylanase attacked preferentially the internal glycosidic bonds of xylo- and 4-methylumbelliferyl cello-oligosaccharides [MeUmb(Glc)n]. The enzyme catalysed transglycosylation reaction with xylotriose, xylotetraose, and xylopentaose as donors and 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside (MeUmbGlc) as an acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christakopoulos
- Food Macromolecular Science Department, Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratory, UK
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20
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Nakamura S, Ishiguro Y, Nakai R, Wakabayashi K, Aono R, Horikoshi K. Purification and characterization of a thermophilic alkaline xylanase from thermoalkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/1381-1177(95)00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Yang VW, Zhuang Z, Elegir G, Jeffries TW. Alkaline-active xylanase produced by an alkaliphilicBacillus sp isolated from kraft pulp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Viikari L, Kantelinen A, Sundquist J, Linko M. Xylanases in bleaching: From an idea to the industry. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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R�tt� M, Mathrani IM, Ahring B, Viikari L. Application of thermostable xylanase of Dictyoglomus sp. in enzymatic treatment of kraft pulps. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00166094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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