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Oliveira SLA, Corrêa SM. Atmospheric odor dispersion from oil refinery flare system: a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:563. [PMID: 35789438 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A flare stack is an indispensable device in the oil and gas industry for allowing the safe combustion of gases into the atmosphere, especially during emergencies. However, it is not ideal for the routine disposal of gaseous waste, as it is subject to meteorological influences and poor operational control. In addition, it can be affected by toxic currents and thus pose a potential risk of odors; in view of this, an assessment must be made of the implications of burning on the environment and health. Atmospheric dispersion modelling has proved to be a very useful tool for this purpose. In light of this, an attempt has been made in this work to evaluate the impact of H2S on the well-being (odor perception) of the community in the surrounding area of an oil refinery, where the temporary burning of rich gas in H2S occurs in a chemical flare, and operational factors have an influence on atmospheric dispersion. The odor assessment was carried out with the aid of AERMOD which was adapted to estimate the maximum odor concentration for very short periods by means of peak-to-mean ratios. The results showed that H2S detection can reach a probability rate of 42% at 3.5 km distance from the flare (in a time interval of 5 s) with a relatively high degree of annoyance (3.0 AU). However, some operational procedures can reduce the probability of odor detection to 29% and the degree of annoyance to 2.6 AU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyrlene L A Oliveira
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Faculty of Engineering, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Maracanã, RJ, 20551-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Corrêa
- Faculty of Technology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rodovia Presidente Dutra km 298, Resende, RJ, 27537-000, Brazil.
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How to Differentiate General Toxicity-Related Endocrine Effects from Endocrine Disruption: Systematic Review of Carbon Disulfide Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063153. [PMID: 35328575 PMCID: PMC8952789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the assessment of the endocrine disrupting (ED) properties of carbon disulfide (CS2), following the methodology used at the European level to identify endocrine disruptors. Relevant in vitro, in vivo studies and human data are analyzed. The assessment presented here focuses on one endocrine activity, i.e., thyroid disruption, and two main adverse effects, neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The data available on the different ED or non-ED modes of action (MoA), known to trigger these adverse effects, are described and the strength of evidence of the different MoA is weighted. We conclude that the adverse effects could be due to systemic toxicity rather than endocrine-mediated toxicity. This assessment illustrates the scientific and regulatory challenges in differentiating a specific endocrine disruption from an indirect endocrine effect resulting from a non-ED mediated systemic toxicity. This issue of evaluating the ED properties of highly toxic and reactive substances has been insufficiently developed by European guidance so far and needs to be further addressed. Finally, this example also raises questions about the capacity of the technics available in toxicology to address such a complex issue with certainty.
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Hao Y, Wu Y, Wu H, Ren S. How do FDI and technical innovation affect environmental quality? Evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7835-7850. [PMID: 31889284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important driving force for economic growth and technological innovation, but it also brings environmental pollution problems along with economic development. From the perspective of technological innovation, the impact of FDI on China's environmental pollution deserves further study. With the spatial econometric tools employed to account for the potential spatial dependence of environmental pollution, this study uses the panel data of 30 province-level units in China from 1998 to 2016 to investigate the impact of FDI and technological innovation on environmental pollution. The results show that increased FDI can reduce environmental pollution, confirming the existence of the "pollution halo hypothesis"; technological innovation can reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide and smoke dust but increase the chemical oxygen demand. Therefore, vigorous introduction of foreign capital is good for sustainable development for government, but it is also necessary to pay attention to screening and identifying environment-friendly enterprises with advanced production technology and management experience and to reject high-pollution and high-energy-consuming enterprises eliminated by developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yerui Wu
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830047, China.
| | - Siyu Ren
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830047, China
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Hydrogen Sulfide Impairs Meiosis Resumption in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010237. [PMID: 31963573 PMCID: PMC7017156 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is addressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Three enzymes involved in H2S metabolism, cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, were detected in prophase I and metaphase II-arrested oocytes and drove an acceleration of oocyte meiosis resumption when inhibited. Moreover, meiosis resumption is associated with a significant decrease in endogenous H2S. On another hand, a dose-dependent inhibition was obtained using the H2S donor, NaHS (1 and 5 mM). NaHS impaired translation. NaHS did not induce the dissociation of the components of the M-phase promoting factor (MPF), cyclin B and Cdk1, nor directly impacted the MPF activity. However, the M-phase entry induced by microinjection of metaphase II MPF-containing cytoplasm was diminished, suggesting upstream components of the MPF auto-amplification loop were sensitive to H2S. Superoxide dismutase and catalase hindered the effects of NaHS, and this sensitivity was partially dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast to other species, no apoptosis was promoted. These results suggest a contribution of H2S signaling in the timing of amphibian oocytes meiosis resumption.
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Camacho LA, Nguyen YH, Turner J, VanVeller B. Deprotection Strategies for Thioimidates during Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Safe Route to Thioamides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15309-15314. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yen H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - John Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution has been linked to multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have examined pregnancy loss, targeting losses identified by hospital records, a large limitation as it does not capture events not reported to the medical system. METHODS We used a novel variation of the time-series design to determine the association, and identify the critical window of vulnerability, between week-to-week traffic-related air pollution and conceptions resulting in live births, using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a traffic emissions tracer. We used information from all live births recorded at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA (2000-2013) and all live births in Tel Aviv District, Israel (2010-2013). RESULTS In Boston (68,969 live births), the strongest association was during the 15th week of gestation; for every 10 ppb of NO2 increase during that week, we observed a lower rate of live births (rate ratio [RR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78, 0.97), using live birth-identified conceptions to infer pregnancy losses. In the Tel Aviv District (95,053 live births), the strongest estimate was during the 16th gestational week gestation (RR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76, 0.90 per 10 ppb of NO2). CONCLUSIONS Using weekly conceptions ending in live birth rather than identified pregnancy losses, we comprehensively analyzed the relationship between air pollution and all pregnancy loss throughout gestation. The observed results, with remarkable similarity in two independent locations, suggest that higher traffic-related air pollution levels are associated with pregnancy loss, with strongest estimates between the 10th and 20th gestational weeks.
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Leiser CL, Hanson HA, Sawyer K, Steenblik J, Al-Dulaimi R, Madsen T, Gibbins K, Hotaling JM, Ibrahim YO, VanDerslice JA, Fuller M. Acute effects of air pollutants on spontaneous pregnancy loss: a case-crossover study. Fertil Steril 2018; 111:341-347. [PMID: 30528056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between acute exposure to air pollutants and spontaneous pregnancy loss. DESIGN Case-crossover study from 2007 to 2015. SETTING An academic emergency department in the Wasatch Front area of Utah. PATIENT(S) A total of 1,398 women who experienced spontaneous pregnancy loss events. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss. RESULT(S) We found that a 10-ppb increase in 7-day average levels of nitrogen dioxide was associated with a 16% increase in the odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.33; P=.04). A 10-μg/m3 increase in 3-day and 7-day averages of fine particulate matter were associated with increased risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss, but the associations did not reach statistical significance (OR3-day average = 1.09; 95% CI 0.99-1.20; P=.05) (OR7-day average = 1.11; 95% CI 0.99-1.24; P=.06). We found no evidence of increased risk for any other metrics of nitrogen dioxide or fine particulate matter or any metric for ozone. CONCLUSIONS We found that short-term exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants was associated with higher risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Leiser
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kara Sawyer
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jacob Steenblik
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ragheed Al-Dulaimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Troy Madsen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karen Gibbins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - James A VanDerslice
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew Fuller
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Raz R, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Weisskopf MG. Live-Birth Bias and Observed Associations Between Air Pollution and Autism. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:2292-2296. [PMID: 30099488 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent analysis found that exposure to air pollution during specific weeks of pregnancy was negatively associated with risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when mutually adjusted for postnatal air-pollution exposure. In this commentary, we describe 2 possible selection-bias processes that might lead to such results, both related to live-birth bias (i.e., the inevitable restriction of the analyzed sample to live births). The first mechanism is described using a directed acyclic graph and relates to the chance of live birth being a common consequence of both exposure to air pollution and another risk factor of ASD. The second mechanism involves preferential depletion of fetuses susceptible to ASD in the higher air-pollution exposure group. We further discuss the assumptions underlying these processes and their causal structures, their plausibility, and other studies where similar phenomena might have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Raz
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Grippo A, Zhang J, Chu L, Guo Y, Qiao L, Zhang J, Myneni AA, Mu L. Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:247-264. [PMID: 29975668 PMCID: PMC7183911 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The developing fetus is particularly susceptible to environmental pollutants, and evidence has shown adverse effects of air pollutants on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancy loss, including spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and stillbirth, is the most severe adverse pregnancy outcome. This review focuses on air pollution exposure during pregnancy in relation to spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. A total of 43 studies are included in this review, including 35 human studies and eight animal studies. Overall, these studies suggest that exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and cooking smoke may be associated with higher risk for stillbirth and spontaneous abortion. PM10 exposure during an entire pregnancy was associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion, and exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 in the third trimester might increase the risk of stillbirth. CO exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and exposure during the third trimester was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Cooking smoke was found to increase the risk of stillbirths, and the evidence was consistent. Insufficient and conflicting evidence was found for various other pollutants, such as NO2 and SO2. Studies did not show clear evidence for associations between pregnancy loss and others pollutants such as heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, PAH and total dust count. Further research is warranted to better understand the relationship between air pollution exposure and pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grippo
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Li Chu
- Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Hang Tian General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qiao
- Center of Global Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center of Global Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ajay A Myneni
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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Basharat Z, Yasmin A. Energy landscape of a GSTP1 polymorph linked with cytological function decay in response to chemical stressors. Gene 2017; 609:19-27. [PMID: 28153749 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene polymorphisms lead to varied structure and functional properties. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) i.e. Ile105Val (rs1695) in glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene influences cytological toxicity and modulates the risk to occupational diseases. Apart from this, cancer, neuropathy, NOx, SOx and ozone mediated respiratory function decline including lung inflammation, asthma, allergy etc., have been reported in people with this missense mutation. Here, the functional properties of rs1695 polymorph are revisited through a computational approach. Changes incurred by GSTP1 antioxidant protein as a result of alteration in its sequence, have been studied through docking followed by Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic equation interpretation, grid and coulombic energy profile mapping for protein polymorphs with DelPhi. Molecular docking simulation of variant and wild type (WT) protein was carried out with eight FDA approved compounds that target GSTP1 for treatment of various diseases. This was to observe binding pattern variation upon mutation induction. Grid, reaction field and coulombic energy calculation of WT and mutated polymorph, complexed with and without these moieties was then attempted. Alteration in conformation and energy was observed in apo- and holo- form of GSTP1 and their ligand-bound complexes as a result of this mutation. This study is a demo of appraising gene-environment interaction based deleteriousness through molecular docking and dynamics simulation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Basharat
- Microbiology & Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology & Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
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Zhang R, Liu S, Wang J, Han G, Yang L, Liu B, Guan G, Zhang Z. Visualization of exhaled hydrogen sulphide on test paper with an ultrasensitive and time-gated luminescent probe. Analyst 2016; 141:4919-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent chemosensors for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are of great interest because of the close association of H2S with our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shijiang Liu
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Guangmei Han
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Guijian Guan
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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Di Ciaula A, Bilancia M. Relationships between mild PM10 and ozone urban air levels and spontaneous abortion: clues for primary prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 25:640-55. [PMID: 25609560 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.1003041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of environmental pollution on spontaneous abortion (SAB) are still unclear. Records of SAB were collected from five cities (514,996 residents) and correlated with PM10, NO(2) and ozone levels. Median pollutant concentrations were below legal limits. Monthly SABs positively correlated with PM10 and ozone levels but not with NO(2) levels. The mean monthly SAB rate increase was estimated equal to 19.7 and 33.6 % per 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10 or ozone concentration, respectively. Higher values of PM10 and SABs were evident in cities with- than in those without pollutant industries, with a number of SABs twofolds higher in the former group. In conclusion, SAB occurrence is affected by PM10 (particularly if industrial areas are present) and ozone concentrations, also at levels below the legal limits. Thus, SAB might be considered, at least in part, a preventable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie (ASL BAT), International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE) , Italy
| | - Massimo Bilancia
- b Ionic Department in Legal and Economic System of Mediterranean: Society, Environment, Culture , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
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Lewis RJ, Copley GB. Chronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure and potential effects on human health: A review of the epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 45:93-123. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.971943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Enkhmaa D, Warburton N, Javzandulam B, Uyanga J, Khishigsuren Y, Lodoysamba S, Enkhtur S, Warburton D. Seasonal ambient air pollution correlates strongly with spontaneous abortion in Mongolia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:146. [PMID: 24758249 PMCID: PMC4024019 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution is a major health challenge worldwide and has previously been strongly associated with adverse reproductive health. This study aimed to examine the association between spontaneous abortion and seasonal variation of air pollutants in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Methods Monthly average O3, SO2, NO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 levels were measured at Mongolian Government Air Quality Monitoring stations. The medical records of 1219 women admitted to the hospital due to spontaneous abortion between 2009–2011 were examined retrospectively. Fetal deaths per calendar month from January-December, 2011 were counted and correlated with mean monthly levels of various air pollutants by means of regression analysis. Results Regression of ambient pollutants against fetal death as a dose–response toxicity curve revealed very strong dose–response correlations for SO2 r > 0.9 (p < 0.001) while similarly strongly significant correlation coefficients were found for NO2 (r > 0.8), CO (r > 0.9), PM10 (r > 0.9) and PM2.5 (r > 0.8), (p < 0.001), indicating a strong correlation between air pollution and decreased fetal wellbeing. Conclusion The present study identified alarmingly strong statistical correlations between ambient air pollutants and spontaneous abortion. Further studies need to be done to examine possible correlations between personal exposure to air pollutants and pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Warburton
- The Lifespan Environmental Pollution Global Impact Center at The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS35, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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Silva M. A Review of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of CS2and H2S Generated by the Pesticide Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 98:119-38. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Silva
- Medical Toxicology Branch; Department of Pesticide Regulation; California Environmental Protection Agency; Sacramento; California
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16
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Kumar S. Occupational, Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Spontaneous Abortion. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:915-30. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719111413298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Green RS, Malig B, Windham GC, Fenster L, Ostro B, Swan S. Residential exposure to traffic and spontaneous abortion. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1939-44. [PMID: 20049215 PMCID: PMC2799470 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown associations between air pollution or traffic exposure and adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight. However, very few studies have examined the effect of traffic emissions on spontaneous abortion (SAB). OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine whether residential exposure to vehicular traffic was associated with SAB. METHODS Pregnant women from a prepaid health plan in California were recruited into a prospective cohort study in 1990-1991. Three measures of traffic exposure were constructed for the 4,979 participants using annual average daily traffic (AADT) counts near each residence and distance from residence to major roads. SAB was examined in relation to the traffic exposure measures using logistic regression adjusting for a number of demographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS Of the traffic measures, maximum annual average traffic within 50 m showed the strongest association with SAB, although it was not statistically significant. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the top 90th percentile (AADT greater than 15,199) versus the bottom 75th percentile (AADT = 0-1,089) was 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-1.60]. However, subgroup analyses showed statistically significant associations for traffic with SAB among African Americans (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI, 1.26-7.66) and nonsmokers (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07-2.04). CONCLUSION In this cohort, living within 50 m of a road with AADT of 15,200 or more was significantly associated with SAB among African Americans and nonsmokers. Further research is needed to confirm these results and possibly elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle S Green
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
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Gelbke HP, Göen T, Mäurer M, Sulsky SI. A review of health effects of carbon disulfide in viscose industry and a proposal for an occupational exposure limit. Crit Rev Toxicol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10408440903133770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of studies have suggested that maternal exposure to post-tricyclic antidepressants during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of poor birth, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes. Among these complications, the occurrence of spontaneous abortions represents one of the most dramatic events for the pregnant woman. METHODS The purpose of this study was to review all studies reporting primary data investigating the rate of spontaneous abortions in women treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy. Medical literature information published in English since 1980 was identified using MEDLINE/PubMed, TOXNET, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Searches were performed using various combination of search terms and were last updated May 2008. No other limitations were imposed. Twelve articles reporting primary data on the rate of spontaneous abortions in women treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors during early pregnancy outcome of pregnancies exposed to antipsychotics were selected for the review. The author was the only reviewer who performed selection and data extraction. RESULTS Information from reviewed studies are scarce and methodologically inadequate to draw definitive conclusions about the hypothesized risk of spontaneous abortions associated with serotoninergic antidepressant exposure during early pregnancy. CONCLUSION Alternative parameters may be considered in choosing the safest serotoninergic antidepressant for the pregnant woman. Such parameters are mainly represented by the teratogenic risk associated with some of such medications and their well-known liability of inducing perinatal complications.
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Woodall GM, Smith RL, Granville GC. Proceedings of the Hydrogen Sulfide Health Research and Risk Assessment Symposium October 31-November 2, 2000. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 17:593-639. [PMID: 16033755 DOI: 10.1080/08958370591000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hydrogen Sulfide Health Research and Risk Assessment Symposium came about for several reasons: (1) increased interest by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and several state agencies in regulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S); (2) uncertainty about ambient exposure to H2S; (3) confusion and disagreement in the literature about possible health effects at low-level exposures; and (4) presentation of results of a series of recent animal bioassays. The American Petroleum Institute (API) proposed this symposium and the EPA became an early co-sponsor, with the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) and the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) contributing expertise and funding assistance. The topics covered in this symposium included Animal Research, Human Research, Mode-of-Action and Dosimetry Issues, Environmental Exposure and Monitoring, Assessment and Regulatory Issues, and closed with a panel discussion. The overall goals of the symposium were to: gather together experts in H2S health effects research and individuals from governmental agencies charged with protecting the public health, provide a venue for reporting of recent research findings, identify gaps in the current information, and outline new research directions and promote research collaboration. During the course of the symposium, presenters provided comprehensive reviews of the state of knowledge for each topic. Several new research proposals discussed at the symposium have subsequently been initiated. This report provides a summary of the talks, poster presentations, and panel discussions that occurred at the Hydrogen Sulfide Health and Risk Assessment Symposium.
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Wong EY, Ray RM, Gao DL, Wernli KJ, Li W, Fitzgibbons ED, Camp JE, Astrakianakis G, Heagerty PJ, De Roos AJ, Holt VL, Thomas DB, Checkoway H. Dust and chemical exposures, and miscarriage risk among women textile workers in Shanghai, China. Occup Environ Med 2008; 66:161-8. [PMID: 18805889 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate possible associations between miscarriage and occupational exposures in the Shanghai textile industry. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of miscarriages among 1752 women in the Shanghai textile industry was conducted. Reproductive history was self-reported by women and occupational work histories were collected from factory personnel records. Occupational exposures were assigned by linking work history information to an industry-specific job-exposure matrix informed by factory-specific textile process information and industrial hygiene assessments. Estimates of cotton dust and endotoxin exposure were also assigned. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were estimated by multivariate logistic regression, with adjustment for age at pregnancy, educational level, smoking status of the woman and her spouse, use of alcohol, and woman's year of birth. RESULTS An elevation in risk of a spontaneously aborted first pregnancy was associated with exposure to synthetic fibres (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.00) and mixed synthetic and natural fibres (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.30 to 8.42). No increased risks were observed for women working with solvents, nor were significant associations observed with quantitative cotton dust or endotoxin exposures. Associations were robust and similar when all pregnancies in a woman's reproductive history were considered. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to synthetic fibres may cause miscarriages, and this possibility should be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA
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22
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Abstract
Evidence suggestive of harmful effects of occupational exposure on the reproductive system and related outcomes has gradually accumulated in recent decades, and is further compounded by persistent environmental endocrine disruptive chemicals. These chemicals have been found to interfere with the function of the endocrine system, which is responsible for growth, sexual development and many other essential physiological functions. A number of occupations are being reported to be associated with reproductive dysfunction in males as well as in females. Generally, occupations involving the manufacture/or application of some of the persistent chemicals that are not easily degradable as well as bio-accumulative chemicals, occupations involving intensive exposure to heat and radiation, occupations involving the use of toxic solvents as well as toxic fumes are reported to be associated with reproductive dysfunction. Occupational exposure of males to various persistent chemicals have been reported to have male mediated adverse reproductive outcomes in the form of abortion, reduction in fertility etc. with inconclusive or limited evidence. Nevertheless, there is a need for more well designed studies in order to implicate any individual chemical having such effects as in most occupations workers are exposed to raw, intermediate and finished products and there are also several confounding factors associated with lifestyles responsible for reproductive dysfunction. There is an urgent need to look at indiscriminate use of persistent chemicals especially pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POP's) as these chemicals enter the food chain also and could be potential for exposure during the critical period of development. It is also necessary to impart information, and to educate about the safe use of these chemicals, as a very sensitive reproduction issue is involved with exposure to these chemicals. Occupational exposures often are higher than environmental exposures, so that epidemiological studies should be conducted on these chemicals, on a priority basis, which are reported to have adverse effects on reproduction in the experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Reproductive Toxicology and Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether differences in delivery outcome correlated with pollution levels in the municipalities of a county in southern Sweden (Malmöhus). METHODS The effects of air and ground pollution on delivery outcome were studied in 38,718 women who lived, and were delivered, in Malmöhus county in southern Sweden during the period 1985-90. Delivery outcome was compared between different municipalities arranged according to the degree of pollution. RESULTS Neither air nor ground pollution affected the odds ratio for short gestation or low birthweight. No significant effect was seen on perinatal deaths or non-trivial malformations, but in the municipality with the highest arsenic concentration, 14 infants died perinatally versus the expected 7.4, and the odds ratio for stillbirths reached formal statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Environmental pollution in this county does not seem to be a major determinant of delivery outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Landgren
- Tornblad Institute, University of Lund, Sweden
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Decouflé P, Murphy CC, Drews CD, Yeargin-Allsopp M. Mental retardation in ten-year-old children in relation to their mothers' employment during pregnancy. Am J Ind Med 1993; 24:567-86. [PMID: 8266932 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700240507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study to examine relationships between potential risk factors in women's prenatal occupational histories and subsequent mental retardation in their 10-year-old children. Children with mental retardation (intelligence quotient less than 71) were identified from special education records maintained by the public school systems in the metropolitan Atlanta area and from records of various medical and social service agencies serving children with special needs. Control children were chosen from the rosters of 10-year-olds who were enrolled in regular education classes in the local public school systems. To obtain occupational histories, sociodemographic data, and other information, we interviewed 352 natural mothers (67%) of 525 case children and 408 natural mothers (64%) of 636 control children. We computed odds ratios for each of 25 selected occupation, industry, and agent categories controlling for maternal education, birth order, and race. Most comparisons yielded odds ratios that were not indicative of unusual risks, but we did find lower than expected risks among children of teachers and health-care professionals. We also found a strong, positive association between mental retardation and maternal employment in the textile and apparel industries. The findings are useful for planning the direction of future studies of childhood cognitive ability to focus on specific parental occupations or industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Decouflé
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
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Blank R. Fetal protection policies in the workplace: continuing controversy in light of Johnson Controls. Politics Life Sci 1992; 11:215-29. [PMID: 11659520 DOI: 10.1017/s0730938400015227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the Supreme Court ruling in theJohnson Controlscase that fetal protection policies that exclude women from workplaces deemed hazardous to the fetus are in clear violation of the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Amendment, the issue of fetal health remains on the policy agenda. This article summarizes the rationale behind fetal protection policies and the current scientific evidence over workplace hazards. It also discusses the disparate court response to these policies beforeJohnson Controlsand the confusing regulatory framework. Finally, it makes a case for including consideration of the paternal contribution to fetal injury in the workplace and calls for a balanced approach to accommodate both women's rights to employment and society's interest in healthy children.
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Ericson A, Eriksson M, Källén B, Meirik O. Birth weight distribution as an indicator of environmental effects on fetal development. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL MEDICINE 1987; 15:11-7. [PMID: 3563436 DOI: 10.1177/140349488701500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A medical birth registry was used for a geographical analysis of birth weight distribution. Nearly 900,000 Swedish singleton births, 1973-1981, were used for an analysis of the effect of some variables and for standardization for these variables. A marked change in the rate of low birth weight infants (LBW, less than 2,500 g) was seen in the country between 1976 and 1977. A U-formed effect of maternal age and of parity was demonstrated. A marked interaction between the effects of these two variables existed. Two social groups were compared and the well-known high rate of LBW infants associated with low socioeconomic conditions was demonstrated. Standardization for the variables mentioned influenced this effect only little but reduced the difference between the social groups concerning infants above 3.5 kg weight. The background data were used for analysis of restricted geographical areas.
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Danielsson BR, Bergman K, d'Argy R. Tissue disposition of carbon disulfide. II. Whole-body autoradiography of 35S- and 14C-labelled carbon disulfide in pregnant mice. ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA ET TOXICOLOGICA 1984; 54:233-40. [PMID: 6720320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1984.tb01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) has been associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortions. Animal experiments have shown that CS2 is embryotoxic and teratogenic. In the present study, the embryonal and foetal distribution of CS2 and its metabolites was studied after administration of 35S- or 14C-labelled CS2 to pregnant mice in different stages of gestation. CS2 and its metabolites passed the placenta at all stages of gestation. High levels of metabolites of CS2 were registered in the embryonic neuroepithelium. In mid and late gestation CS2 itself accumulated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain. 14C-labelled metabolites of CS2 showed affinity for bone and were retained in the liver even at long survival times (24 hours). These localizations may be of significance for some of the reported teratogenic effects of CS2, such as hydrocephalus, ossification defects and foetal liver injury, and support the idea that CS2 and/or its metabolites are embryotoxic and teratogenic by acting directly on embryonal and foetal structures.
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