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Galston AW, Kaur-Sawhney R, Altabella T, Tiburcio AF. Plant Polyamines in Reproductive Activity and Response to Abiotic Stress*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wimalasekera R, Tebartz F, Scherer GFE. Polyamines, polyamine oxidases and nitric oxide in development, abiotic and biotic stresses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:593-603. [PMID: 21893256 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), polyamines (PAs), diamine oxidases (DAO) and polyamine oxidases (PAO) play important roles in wide spectrum of physiological processes such as germination, root development, flowering and senescence and in defence responses against abiotic and biotic stress conditions. This functional overlapping suggests interaction of NO and PA in signalling cascades. Exogenous application of PAs putrescine, spermidine and spermine to Arabidopsis seedlings induced NO production as observed by fluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy using the NO-binding fluorophores DAF-2 and DAR-4M. The observed NO release induced by 1 mM spermine treatment in the Arabidopsis seedlings was very rapid without apparent lag phase. These observations pave a new insight into PA-mediated signalling and NO as a potential mediator of PA actions. When comparing the functions of NO and PA in plant development and abiotic and biotic stresses common to both signalling components it can be speculated that NO may be a link between PA-mediated stress responses filing a gap between many known physiological effects of PAs and amelioration of stresses. NO production indicated by PAs could be mediated either by H(2)O(2), one reaction product of oxidation of PAs by DAO and PAO, or by unknown mechanisms involving PAs, DAO and PAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinukshi Wimalasekera
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science, Section of Molecular Developmental Physiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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Bertoldi D, Tassoni A, Martinelli L, Bagni N. Polyamines and somatic embryogenesis in two Vitis vinifera cultivars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2004; 120:657-666. [PMID: 15032828 DOI: 10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine content and activities of enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis were assayed during somatic embryogenesis in Vitis vinifera callus cultures of Chardonnay and Brachetto 'a grappolo lungo' (Brachetto g.l.) cultivars. The analyses were carried out on embryogenic callus samples, embryos at different stages and developing plants. Polyamine content, both in the free and PCA-soluble conjugated form, was higher in Brachetto g.l. than in Chardonnay, and putrescine was present at higher concentrations than the other polyamines. In all samples of both cultivars, ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) was higher than arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19), with a maximum in developing plant roots. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC, EC 4.1.1.50) activity displayed a similar trend. The activities of all three enzymes were detected both in the supernatant and pellet fractions, indicating for the first time the presence of SAMDC activity in the particulate fraction. Particularly in the Chardonnay cultivar, an increase in the mRNAs expression patterns of ODC and SAMDC during morphogenesis from small embryos to plantlets was detected by northern blot, suggesting a direct correlation with enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bertoldi
- Department of Biology e.s. and Interdepartmental Centre for Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Carlberg I, Söderhäll K, Eriksson T. Phenoloxidase activity in Daucus carota
is restricted to embryogenie cultures. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)81262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Temporal Regulation of Somatic Embryogenesis by Adjusting Cellular Polyamine Content in Eggplant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 116:617-625. [PMID: 9490762 PMCID: PMC35119 DOI: 10.1104/pp.116.2.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/1997] [Accepted: 10/13/1997] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four critical stages of embryogenesis, including callus induction, cellular acquisition of morphogenetic competence, expression of embryogenic program, and development and maturation of somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis from leaf discs of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), were identified by scanning electron microscopy. Temporal changes in arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity and polyamines (PAs) during critical stages of embryogenesis revealed that high levels of PAs (especially putrescine [PUT]), due to higher ADC activity in discs from the apical region (with high embryogenic capacity) than from the basal region of the leaf (with poor embryogenic capacity), were correlated with differential embryogenesis response. Kinetic studies of the up- and down-regulation of embryogenesis revealed that PUT and difluoromethylarginine pretreatments were most effective before the onset of embryogenesis. Basal discs pretreated with PUT for 4 to 7 d showed improved embryogenesis that was comparable to apical discs. PA content at various critical steps in embryogenesis from basal discs were found to be comparable to that of apical discs following adjustments of cellular PA content by PUT. In contrast, pretreatment of apical discs with difluoromethylarginine for 3 d significantly reduced ADC activity, cellular PA content, and embryogenesis to levels that were comparable to basal discs. Discs from the basal region of leaves treated with PUT for 3 d during the identified stages of embryogenesis improved their embryogenic potential.
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Tanimoto S, Matsubara Y. Stimulating effect of spermine on bulblet formation in bulb-scale segments of Lilium longiflorum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1995; 15:297-300. [PMID: 24185796 DOI: 10.1007/bf00193740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/1994] [Revised: 06/26/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When bulb-scale segments of Lilium longiflorum were cultured on a medium containing auxin and cytokinin, the proportion of the expiants with newly-formed bulblets was significantly increased by the application of different polyamines. The most effective polyamine was spermine, where more than 90% of segments formed an average of 5 bulblets as compared to controls where less than 50% explants formed an average of 1.5 bulblets. Application of arginine one of the precursors putrescine biosynthesis, slightly promoted bulblet formation. The putrescine-stimulated bulblet formation was strongly inhibited by simultaneous addition of an inhibitor of the spermidine synthase, cyclohexylamine. The spermidine-promoted bulblet formation, however, could not be suppressed by this inhibitor. The promotive effect of spermidine on bulblet formation was reversed by an inhibitor of the spermine synthase, N-(3-aminopropyl)cyclohexylamine, but application of this inhibitor with spermine did not show any apparent effect on the bulblet formation. Endogenous level of spermine increased in common during bulblet formation that were stimulated by exogenous polyamines. Thus, spermine seemed to be the main stimulating chemical on bulblet formation in lily bulb-scale segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanimoto
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo, 840, Saga, Japan
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Minocha SC, Minocha R. Role of Polyamines in Somatic Embryogenesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-03091-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Bajaj YPS. Somatic Embryogenesis and Its Applications for Crop Improvement. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-03091-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis. IN VITRO EMBRYOGENESIS IN PLANTS 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0485-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cazzulino DL, Pedersen H, Chin CK, Styer D. Kinetics of carrot somatic embryo development in suspension culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 1990; 35:781-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260350805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Developmental Mutants in Carrot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2103-0_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Roustan JP, Latche A, Fallot J. Stimulation ofDaucus carota somatic embryogenesis by inhibitors of ethylene synthesis: cobalt and nickel. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1989; 8:182-5. [PMID: 24233099 DOI: 10.1007/bf00716836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/1988] [Revised: 04/25/1989] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Co(2+) and Ni(2+) on ethylene production and somatic embryogenesis by carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell cultures were studied. At concentrations of 10 μM to 50 μM, CoCl2 effectively inhibited ethylene production by embryogenic cultures and significantly stimulated somatic embryogenesis. The observed increase of embryo number was proportional to the inhibition level of ethylene production. However, CoCl2 had no effect when Ethephon was supplied. Nickel also reduced ethylene production, but to a slightly lesser extent than CoCl2, bringing about a lower increase in the number of somatic embryos. The role of ethylene on somatic embryogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Roustan
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, F-31076, Toulouse Cédex, France
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Smith JA, Krauss MR, Borkird C, Sung ZR. A nuclear protein associated with cell divisions in plants. PLANTA 1988; 174:462-472. [PMID: 24221561 DOI: 10.1007/bf00634474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/1987] [Accepted: 01/12/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear protein, present in carrot meristems and rapidly proliferating cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota L.) has been identified by the use of a monoclonal antibody (MAb 21D7). By combining the techniques of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis and blotting separated proteins onto nitrocellulose sheets, it was shown that the antibody detected a single polypeptide of apparent molecular mass (M r) of 45000 and an isoelectric focusing point (pI) of 6.7. This protein was found by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence to be highly concentrated in the nucleoli of somatic and zygotic embryos of a wide range of plants. It was not detectable in logarthmically growing cells ofEscherichia coli, yeast, embryos ofDrosophila melanogaster or cultured C3H mouse cells. These data indicate that this protein is a highly conserved non-histone protein associated with nuclei of rapidly dividing plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
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de Vries SC, Booij H, Meyerink P, Huisman G, Wilde HD, Thomas TL, van Kammen A. Acquisition of embryogenic potential in carrot cell-suspension cultures. PLANTA 1988; 176:196-204. [PMID: 24220773 DOI: 10.1007/bf00392445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1987] [Accepted: 03/31/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenic suspension cultures of domesticated carrot (Daucus carota L.) are characterized by the presence of proembryogenic masses (PEMs) from which somatic embryos develop under conditions of low cell density in the absence of phytohormones. A culture system, referred to as starting cultures, was developed that allowed analysis of the emergence of PEMs in newly initiated hypocotyl-derived suspension cultures. Embryogenic potential, reflected by the number of FEMs present, slowly increased in starting cultures over a period of six weeks. Addition of excreted, high-molecular-weight, heat-labile cell factors from an established embryogenic culture considerably accelerated the acquisition of embryogenic potential in starting cultures. Analysis of [(35)S]methionine-labeled proteins excreted into the medium revealed distinct changes concomitant with the acquisition of embryogenic potential in these cultures. Analysis of the pattern of gene expression by in-vitro translation of total cellular mRNA from starting cultures with different embryogenic potential and subsequent separation of the [(35)S]methionine-labeled products by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a small number of abundant in-vitro-translation products to be present in somatic embryos and in embryogenic cells but absent in nonembryogenic cells. Several other in-vitro-translation products were present in explants, non-embryogenic and embryogenic cells but were absent in somatic embryos. Hybridization of an embryoregulated complementary-DNA sequence, Dc3, to RNA extracted from starting cultures showed that the corresponding gene is expressed in somatic embryos and PEMs but not in non-embryogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C de Vries
- Department of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University Wageningen, De Dreijen 11, NL-6703 BC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Altman A, Levin N, Cohen P, Schneider M, Nadel B. Polyamines in growth and differentiation of plant cell cultures: the effect of nitrogen nutrition, salt stress and embryogenic media. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 250:559-72. [PMID: 3076338 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5637-0_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Altman
- Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
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Minocha SC. Relationship between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in plants and its significance for morphogenesis in cell cultures. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 250:601-16. [PMID: 3076339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5637-0_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Minocha
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
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NOMURA KOJI, KOMAMINE ATSUSHI. Somatic Embryogenesis in Cultured Carrot Cells. (somatic embryogenesis/plant cell culture/totipotency/carrot). Dev Growth Differ 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1986.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roberts DR, Dumbroff EB, Thompson JE. Exogenous polyamines alter membrane fluidity in bean leaves - a basis for potential misinterpretation of their true physiological role. PLANTA 1986; 167:395-401. [PMID: 24240310 DOI: 10.1007/bf00391345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/1985] [Accepted: 10/21/1985] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the rotational motion of paramagnetic and fluorescent lipid-soluble probes were used to assess the effects of putrescine, spermidine and spermine on the fluidity of microsomal membranes from primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Surface probes were more strongly immobilized by physiological concentrations of the polyamines than probes that partitioned deep into the bilayer interior. Spermidine and spermine were more effective than putrescine at reducing membrane fluidity, and at equimolar concentrations, the polyamines and calcium had similar effects on the mobility of the membrane probes. Spermine had essentially equivalent effects on the fluidity of native membranes, heat-denatured membranes and liposomes prepared from the total lipid extract of the membranes, indicating that polyamines associate with membrane lipid. These results raise the possibility that some of the physiological effects previously attributed to exogenously added polyamines could reflect membrane rigidification rather than a true physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Roberts
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3Gl, Waterloo, Ont., Canada
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