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Chu L, Luo X, Zhu T, Cao Y, Zhang L, Deng Z, Gao J. Harnessing phosphonate antibiotics argolaphos biosynthesis enables a synthetic biology-based green synthesis of glyphosate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1736. [PMID: 35365617 PMCID: PMC8976061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide with an annual production of more than one million tons globally. Current commercialized production processes of glyphosate are generally associated with manufacturing hazards and toxic wastes. Recently, many countries have strengthened environmental supervision and law enforcement on glyphosate manufacturing. Therefore, a green source of glyphosate is required. Here, we characterize the genes required for producing aminomethylphosphonate (AMP), one of the intermediates in the biosynthesis of the potent antibiotics argolaphos. We apply a synthetic biology strategy to improve AMP production in Streptomyces lividans, with fermentation titers of 52 mg L-1, a 500-fold improvement over the original strain. Furthermore, we develop an efficient and practical chemical process for converting AMP to glyphosate. Our findings highlight one greenness-driven alternative in the production of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixia Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Luo
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science & Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Taoting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
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Ikawa M, Schaper TD, Dollard CA, Sasner JJ. Utilization of Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent for the detection of certain nitrogen compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:1811-1815. [PMID: 12643635 DOI: 10.1021/jf021099r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine in more detail the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent with nitrogen compounds, a number of hydroxylamine-related compounds and a large number of guanidine-containing compounds were tested. In general, guanidine compounds did not react strongly unless they were hydroxyamino or hydrazino derivatives. The non-hydroxyamino paralytic shellfish poison saxitoxin, however, reacted to a significant extent. This may be due to the presence of a five-membered ring structure and its analogy to 2-aminopurines, which react strongly. A number of simpler amines were also tested. Tertiary aliphatic amines, but not primary, secondary, or quaternary amines, reacted strongly with the reagent. Primary, secondary, and tertiary aromatic amines all reacted strongly with the reagent. Reactivity was extended to pyrroles and indole derivatives but not to imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives. Defining the reactivity of Folin-Ciocalteau phenol reagent with nitrogen compounds extends the usefulness of the reagent for the detection and determination of certain nitrogen compounds in basic extracts by colorimetric means and by thin-layer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoshi Ikawa
- Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA.
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Abstract
The holdings of eight collections of fungi have been examined for organisms isolated from wood and/or trees. Further selection of these fungi has been made according to their reported ability to produce volatile, biologically active metabolites. It is emphasized that the isolates in the collections do not necessarily produce such metabolites. The list of fungi fulfilling these conditions is slightly augmented by reports we have found in the literature, where the fungi concerned have not yet been deposited. The biochemistry of these compounds is considered with particular emphasis on their biosynthesis including that by Homo sapiens. The physiological and toxicological activity of these metabolites is reviewed especially with reference to their potential role in the complex symbioses existent in, for example, a tree. The review concludes with a discussion of areas of botany deserving increased attention in the hope that this will stimulate further work. The statements in the review are based on 173 references.
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