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Davidsen JG, Bordeleau X, Eldøy SH, Whoriskey F, Power M, Crossin GT, Buhariwalla C, Gaudin P. Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11917. [PMID: 34099778 PMCID: PMC8184814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1954, brown trout were introduced to the Kerguelen archipelago (49°S, 70°E), a pristine, sub-Antarctic environment previously devoid of native freshwater fishes. Trout began spreading rapidly via coastal waters to colonize adjacent watersheds, however, recent and unexpectedly the spread has slowed. To better understand the ecology of the brown trout here, and why their expansion has slowed, we documented the marine habitat use, foraging ecology, and environmental conditions experienced over one year by 50 acoustically tagged individuals at the colonization front. Trout mainly utilized the marine habitat proximate to their tagging site, ranging no further than 7 km and not entering any uncolonized watersheds. Nutritional indicators showed that trout were in good condition at the time of tagging. Stomach contents and isotope signatures in muscle of additional trout revealed a diet of amphipods (68%), fish (23%), isopods (6%), and zooplankton (6%). The small migration distances observed, presence of suitable habitat, and rich local foraging opportunities suggest that trout can achieve their resource needs close to their home rivers. This may explain why the expansion of brown trout at Kerguelen has slowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Grimsrud Davidsen
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Xavier Bordeleau
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | | | - Frederick Whoriskey
- Ocean Tracking Network, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Glenn T Crossin
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Colin Buhariwalla
- Nova Scotia Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Pictou, NS, Canada
| | - Philippe Gaudin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Engell Dahl J, Bertrand M, Pierre A, Curtit B, Pillard C, Tasiemski A, Convey P, Renault D. Thermal tolerance patterns of a carabid beetle sampled along invasion and altitudinal gradients at a sub-Antarctic island. J Therm Biol 2019; 86:102447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Guillaumot C, Fabri‐Ruiz S, Martin A, Eléaume M, Danis B, Féral J, Saucède T. Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6210-6225. [PMID: 29988407 PMCID: PMC6024116 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine life of the Southern Ocean has been facing environmental changes and the direct impact of human activities during the past decades. Benthic communities have particularly been affected by such changes although we only slowly understand the effect of environmental changes on species physiology, biogeography, and distribution. Species distribution models (SDM) can help explore species geographic responses to main environmental changes. In this work, we modeled the distribution of four echinoid species with contrasting ecological niches. Models developed for [2005-2012] were projected to different time periods, and the magnitude of distribution range shifts was assessed for recent-past conditions [1955-1974] and for the future, under scenario RCP 8.5 for [2050-2099]. Our results suggest that species distribution shifts are expected to be more important in a near future compared to the past. The geographic response of species may vary between poleward shift, latitudinal reduction, and local extinction. Species with broad ecological niches and not limited by biogeographic barriers would be the least affected by environmental changes, in contrast to endemic species, restricted to coastal areas, which are predicted to be more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Guillaumot
- Marine Biology LabCP160/15 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Salomé Fabri‐Ruiz
- UMR CNRS 6282 BiogéosciencesUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté (UBFC)DijonFrance
| | - Alexis Martin
- Département Adaptation du VivantMuseum National d'Histoire NaturelleUMR BOREA 7208ParisFrance
| | - Marc Eléaume
- Département Origine et ÉvolutionMuseum National d'Histoire NaturelleUMR ISYEB 7205ParisFrance
| | - Bruno Danis
- Marine Biology LabCP160/15 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Thomas Saucède
- UMR CNRS 6282 BiogéosciencesUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté (UBFC)DijonFrance
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Atmospheric drying as the main driver of dramatic glacier wastage in the southern Indian Ocean. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32396. [PMID: 27580801 PMCID: PMC5007672 DOI: 10.1038/srep32396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing retreat of glaciers at southern sub-polar latitudes is particularly rapid and widespread. Akin to northern sub-polar latitudes, this retreat is generally assumed to be linked to warming. However, no long-term and well-constrained glacier modeling has ever been performed to confirm this hypothesis. Here, we model the Cook Ice Cap mass balance on the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Indian Ocean, 49°S) since the 1850s. We show that glacier wastage during the 2000s in the Kerguelen was among the most dramatic on Earth. We attribute 77% of the increasingly negative mass balance since the 1960s to atmospheric drying associated with a poleward shift of the mid-latitude storm track. Because precipitation modeling is very challenging for the current generation of climate models over the study area, models incorrectly simulate the climate drivers behind the recent glacier wastage in the Kerguelen. This suggests that future glacier wastage projections should be considered cautiously where changes in atmospheric circulation are expected.
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Phiri EE, McGeoch MA, Chown SL. The abundance structure of Azorella selago Hook. f. on sub-Antarctic Marion Island: testing the peak and tail hypothesis. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kleier C, Trenary T, Graham EA, Stenzel W, Rundel PW. Size class structure, growth rates, and orientation of the central Andean cushion Azorella compacta. PeerJ 2015; 3:e843. [PMID: 25802811 PMCID: PMC4369329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Azorella compacta (llareta; Apiaceae) forms dense, woody, cushions and characterizes the high elevation rocky slopes of the central Andean Altiplano. Field studies of an elevational gradient of A. compacta within Lauca National Park in northern Chile found a reverse J-shape distribution of size classes of individuals with abundant small plants at all elevations. A new elevational limit for A. compacta was established at 5,250 m. A series of cushions marked 14 years earlier showed either slight shrinkage or small degrees of growth up to 2.2 cm yr−1. Despite their irregularity in growth, cushions of A. compacta show a strong orientation, centered on a north-facing aspect and angle of about 20° from horizontal. This exposure to maximize solar irradiance closely matches previous observations of a population favoring north-facing slopes at a similar angle. Populations of A. compacta appear to be stable, or even expanding, with young plants abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Trenary
- Department of Mathematics, Regis University , Denver, CO , USA
| | | | - William Stenzel
- Department of Computer Information Systems, Metropolitan State University , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Philip W Rundel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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le Roux PC, Shaw JD, Chown SL. Ontogenetic shifts in plant interactions vary with environmental severity and affect population structure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:241-250. [PMID: 23738758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions and plant size may both alter the outcome of inter-specific plant-plant interactions, with seedlings generally facilitated more strongly than larger individuals in stressful habitats. However, the combined impact of plant size and environmental severity on interactions is poorly understood. Here, we tested explicitly for the first time the hypothesis that ontogenetic shifts in interactions are delayed under increasingly severe conditions by examining the interaction between a grass, Agrostis magellanica, and a cushion plant, Azorella selago, along two severity gradients. The impact of A. selago on A. magellanica abundance, but not reproductive effort, was related to A. magellanica size, with a trend for delayed shifts towards more negative interactions under greater environmental severity. Intermediate-sized individuals were most strongly facilitated, leading to differences in the size-class distribution of A. magellanica on the soil and on A. selago. The A. magellanica size-class distribution was more strongly affected by A. selago than by environmental severity, demonstrating that the plant-plant interaction impacts A. magellanica population structure more strongly than habitat conditions. As ontogenetic shifts in plant-plant interactions cannot be assumed to be constant across severity gradients and may impact species population structure, studies examining the outcome of interactions need to consider the potential for size- or age-related variation in competition and facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Geoscience and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00015, Finland
| | - Justine D Shaw
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Terrestrial and Nearshore Ecosystems, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
- Environmental Decision Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Steven L Chown
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Labonne J, Vignon M, Prévost E, Lecomte F, Dodson JJ, Kaeuffer R, Aymes JC, Jarry M, Gaudin P, Davaine P, Beall E. Invasion dynamics of a fish-free landscape by brown trout (Salmo trutta). PLoS One 2013; 8:e71052. [PMID: 23990925 PMCID: PMC3749212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metapopulation dynamics over the course of an invasion are usually difficult to grasp because they require large and reliable data collection, often unavailable. The invasion of the fish-free freshwater ecosystems of the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands following man-made introductions of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the 1950's is an exception to this rule. Benefiting from a full long term environmental research monitoring of the invasion, we built a Bayesian dynamic metapopulation model to analyze the invasion dynamics of 85 river systems over 51 years. The model accounted for patch size (river length and connections to lakes), alternative dispersal pathways between rivers, temporal trends in dynamics, and uncertainty in colonization date. The results show that the model correctly represents the observed pattern of invasion, especially if we assume a coastal dispersal pathway between patches. Landscape attributes such as patch size influenced the colonization function, but had no effect on propagule pressure. Independently from patch size and distance between patches, propagule pressure and colonization function were not constant through time. Propagule pressure increased over the course of colonization, whereas the colonization function decreased, conditional on propagule pressure. The resulting pattern of this antagonistic interplay is an initial rapid invasion phase followed by a strong decrease in the invasion rate. These temporal trends may be due to either adaptive processes or environmental gradients encountered along the colonization front. It was not possible to distinguish these two hypotheses. Because invasibility of Kerguelen Is. freshwater ecosystems is very high due to the lack of a pre-existing fish fauna and minimal human interference, our estimates of invasion dynamics represent a blueprint for the potential of brown trout invasiveness in pristine environments. Our conclusions shed light on the future of polar regions where, because of climate change, fish-free ecosystems become increasingly accessible to invasion by fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Labonne
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthias Vignon
- UPPA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Etienne Prévost
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Frédéric Lecomte
- Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julian J. Dodson
- Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Vachon, Québec, Canada
| | - Renaud Kaeuffer
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marc Jarry
- UPPA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Philippe Gaudin
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Patrick Davaine
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Edward Beall
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
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Born C, Le Roux PC, Spohr C, McGeoch MA, Van Vuuren BJ. Plant dispersal in the sub-Antarctic inferred from anisotropic genetic structure. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:184-94. [PMID: 22129220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Climatic conditions and landscape features often strongly affect species' local distribution patterns, dispersal, reproduction and survival and may therefore have considerable impacts on species' fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS). In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of combining fine-scale SGS analyses with isotropic and anisotropic spatial autocorrelation techniques to infer the impact of wind patterns on plant dispersal processes. We genotyped 1304 Azorella selago (Apiaceae) specimens, a wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed plant, from four populations distributed across sub-Antarctic Marion Island. SGS was variable with Sp values ranging from 0.001 to 0.014, suggesting notable variability in dispersal distance and wind velocities between sites. Nonetheless, the data supported previous hypotheses of a strong NW-SE gradient in wind strength across the island. Anisotropic autocorrelation analyses further suggested that dispersal is strongly directional, but varying between sites depending on the local prevailing winds. Despite the high frequency of gale-force winds on Marion Island, gene dispersal distance estimates (σ) were surprisingly low (<10 m), most probably because of a low pollen dispersal efficiency. An SGS approach in association with isotropic and anisotropic analyses provides a powerful means to assess the relative influence of abiotic factors on dispersal and allow inferences that would not be possible without this combined approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Born
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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MCGEOCH MELODIEA, LE ROUX PETERC, HUGO ELIZABETHA, CHOWN STEVENL. Species and community responses to short-term climate manipulation: Microarthropods in the sub-Antarctic. AUSTRAL ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith RIL. Vascular plants as bioindicators of regional warming in Antarctica. Oecologia 1994; 99:322-328. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00627745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/1994] [Accepted: 06/12/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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