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Dmitriev SE, Vladimirov DO, Lashkevich KA. A Quick Guide to Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1389-1421. [PMID: 33280581 PMCID: PMC7689648 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribosome and cap-dependent translation are attractive targets in the antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic therapies. Currently, a broad array of small-molecule drugs is known that specifically inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Many of them are well-studied ribosome-targeting antibiotics that block translocation, the peptidyl transferase center or the polypeptide exit tunnel, modulate the binding of translation machinery components to the ribosome, and induce miscoding, premature termination or stop codon readthrough. Such inhibitors are widely used as anticancer, anthelmintic and antifungal agents in medicine, as well as fungicides in agriculture. Chemicals that affect the accuracy of stop codon recognition are promising drugs for the nonsense suppression therapy of hereditary diseases and restoration of tumor suppressor function in cancer cells. Other compounds inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, translation factors, and components of translation-associated signaling pathways, including mTOR kinase. Some of them have antidepressant, immunosuppressive and geroprotective properties. Translation inhibitors are also used in research for gene expression analysis by ribosome profiling, as well as in cell culture techniques. In this article, we review well-studied and less known inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis (with the exception of mitochondrial and plastid translation) classified by their targets and briefly describe the action mechanisms of these compounds. We also present a continuously updated database (http://eupsic.belozersky.msu.ru/) that currently contains information on 370 inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D O Vladimirov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K A Lashkevich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Burgers LD, Fürst R. Natural products as drugs and tools for influencing core processes of eukaryotic mRNA translation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105535. [PMID: 34058326 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic protein synthesis is the highly conserved, complex mechanism of translating genetic information into proteins. Although this process is essential for cellular homoeostasis, dysregulations are associated with cellular malfunctions and diseases including cancer and diabetes. In the challenging and ongoing search for adequate treatment possibilities, natural products represent excellent research tools and drug leads for new interactions with the translational machinery and for influencing mRNA translation. In this review, bacterial-, marine- and plant-derived natural compounds that interact with different steps of mRNA translation, comprising ribosomal assembly, translation initiation and elongation, are highlighted. Thereby, the exact binding and interacting partners are unveiled in order to accurately understand the mode of action of each natural product. The pharmacological relevance of these compounds is furthermore assessed by evaluating the observed biological activities in the light of translational inhibition and by enlightening potential obstacles and undesired side-effects, e.g. in clinical trials. As many of the natural products presented here possess the potential to serve as drug leads for synthetic derivatives, structural motifs, which are indispensable for both mode of action and biological activities, are discussed. Evaluating the natural products emphasises the strong diversity of their points of attack. Especially the fact that selected binding partners can be set in direct relation to different diseases emphasises the indispensability of natural products in the field of drug development. Discovery of new, unique and unusual interacting partners again renders them promising tools for future research in the field of eukaryotic mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa D Burgers
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
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Lashkevich KA, Shlyk VI, Kushchenko AS, Gladyshev VN, Alkalaeva EZ, Dmitriev SE. CTELS: A Cell-Free System for the Analysis of Translation Termination Rate. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E911. [PMID: 32560154 PMCID: PMC7356799 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation termination is the final step in protein biosynthesis when the synthesized polypeptide is released from the ribosome. Understanding this complex process is important for treatment of many human disorders caused by nonsense mutations in important genes. Here, we present a new method for the analysis of translation termination rate in cell-free systems, CTELS (for C-terminally extended luciferase-based system). This approach was based on a continuously measured luciferase activity during in vitro translation reaction of two reporter mRNA, one of which encodes a C-terminally extended luciferase. This extension occupies a ribosomal polypeptide tunnel and lets the completely synthesized enzyme be active before translation termination occurs, i.e., when it is still on the ribosome. In contrast, luciferase molecule without the extension emits light only after its release. Comparing the translation dynamics of these two reporters allows visualization of a delay corresponding to the translation termination event. We demonstrated applicability of this approach for investigating the effects of cis- and trans-acting components, including small molecule inhibitors and read-through inducing sequences, on the translation termination rate. With CTELS, we systematically assessed negative effects of decreased 3' UTR length, specifically on termination. We also showed that blasticidin S implements its inhibitory effect on eukaryotic translation system, mostly by affecting elongation, and that an excess of eRF1 termination factor (both the wild-type and a non-catalytic AGQ mutant) can interfere with elongation. Analysis of read-through mechanics with CTELS revealed a transient stalling event at a "leaky" stop codon context, which likely defines the basis of nonsense suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A. Lashkevich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.L.); (V.I.S.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Valeriya I. Shlyk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.L.); (V.I.S.); (A.S.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S. Kushchenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.L.); (V.I.S.); (A.S.K.)
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Elena Z. Alkalaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey E. Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.L.); (V.I.S.); (A.S.K.)
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Marine Natural Products from New Caledonia--A Review. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14030058. [PMID: 26999165 PMCID: PMC4820312 DOI: 10.3390/md14030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine micro- and macroorganisms are well known to produce metabolites with high biotechnological potential. Nearly 40 years of systematic prospecting all around the New Caledonia archipelago and several successive research programs have uncovered new chemical leads from benthic and planktonic organisms. After species identification, biological and/or pharmaceutical analyses are performed on marine organisms to assess their bioactivities. A total of 3582 genera, 1107 families and 9372 species have been surveyed and more than 350 novel molecular structures have been identified. Along with their bioactivities that hold promise for therapeutic applications, most of these molecules are also potentially useful for cosmetics and food biotechnology. This review highlights the tremendous marine diversity in New Caledonia, and offers an outline of the vast possibilities for natural products, especially in the interest of pursuing collaborative fundamental research programs and developing local biotechnology programs.
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Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system has been recognized as fundamental toward protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. The system comprises the ubiquitin conjugation machinery consisting of an enzyme cascade of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) and the proteasome, a multisubunit protease complex acting through an N-terminal threonine protease mechanism. A number of natural product inhibitors of the proteasome have been studied in detail and these inhibitors and their derivatives have been highly valuable in developing our understanding of this system. These efforts culminated in the successful development of bortezomib as a pharmacological agent used clinically as a cancer therapeutic in the treatment of multiple myeloma. This review is focused on natural product inhibitors of the enzymes involved in intracellular ubiquitin conjugation (ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, ubiquitin ligase E3) and ubiquitin deconjugation (DUBs). Members of both of these enzyme systems have been proposed as pharmacological targets for cancer therapy and several other diseases. Furthermore compounds with activities toward enzymes from the analogous ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein families have been identified for SUMO and NEDD8. To date natural product inhibitors have been described for members of each of these protein families and were isolated from plant, fungal, animal, and microbial sources. Insights into the mechanism of action of natural products and their derivatives will enhance our understanding of this complex system and will improve our ability to rationally design novel inhibitors. The increased availability of assays and research tools for the study of protein ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and Ubl proteins will contribute to the discovery of more potent and selective compounds. We expect that these studies will stimulate development of further potential pharmacological agents in this area.
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Fung SY, Sofiyev V, Schneiderman J, Hirschfeld AF, Victor RE, Woods K, Piotrowski JS, Deshpande R, Li SC, de Voogd NJ, Myers CL, Boone C, Andersen RJ, Turvey SE. Unbiased screening of marine sponge extracts for anti-inflammatory agents combined with chemical genomics identifies girolline as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:247-57. [PMID: 24117378 DOI: 10.1021/cb400740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immunity, but activation of TLR signaling pathways is also associated with many harmful inflammatory diseases. Identification of novel anti-inflammatory molecules targeting TLR signaling pathways is central to the development of new treatment approaches for acute and chronic inflammation. We performed high-throughput screening from crude marine sponge extracts on TLR5 signaling and identified girolline. We demonstrated that girolline inhibits signaling through both MyD88-dependent and -independent TLRs (i.e., TLR2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) and reduces cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages. Using a chemical genomics approach, we identified Elongation Factor 2 as the molecular target of girolline, which inhibits protein synthesis at the elongation step. Together these data identify the sponge natural product girolline as a potential anti-inflammatory agent acting through inhibition of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yu Fung
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Vladimir Sofiyev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Julia Schneiderman
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Aaron F. Hirschfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rachel E. Victor
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Kate Woods
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jeff S. Piotrowski
- Great
Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Raamesh Deshpande
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, Mineapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sheena C. Li
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Nicole J. de Voogd
- Netherlands
Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O.
Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chad L. Myers
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota−Twin Cities, Mineapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Charlie Boone
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular
Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Da Silva PP, Meijer L. Recherche de substances naturelles à activité thérapeutique. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:534-42. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012285020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Al-Mourabit A, Zancanella MA, Tilvi S, Romo D. Biosynthesis, asymmetric synthesis, and pharmacology, including cellular targets, of the pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole marine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1229-60. [PMID: 21556392 PMCID: PMC5596510 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole (P-2-AI) alkaloids are a growing family of marine alkaloids, now numbering well over 150 members, with high topographical and biological information content. Their intriguing structural complexity, rich and compact stereochemical content, high N to C ratio (~1 : 2), and increasingly studied biological activities are attracting a growing number of researchers from numerous disciplines world-wide. This review surveys advances in this area with a focus on the structural diversity, biosynthetic hypotheses with increasing, but still rare, verifying experimental studies, asymmetric syntheses, and biological studies, including cellular target receptor isolation studies, of this stimulating and exciting alkaloid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Mourabit
- Centre de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Supriya Tilvi
- Bio-organic Chemistry laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403 004
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M Universtiy College Station, TX 77842-3012
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Sauleau P, Retailleau P, Nogues S, Carletti I, Marcourt L, Raux R, Mourabit AA, Debitus C. Dihydrohymenialdisines, new pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloids from the marine sponge Cymbastela cantharella. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Perne A, Muellner MK, Steinrueck M, Craig-Mueller N, Mayerhofer J, Schwarzinger I, Sloane M, Uras IZ, Hoermann G, Nijman SMB, Mayerhofer M. Cardiac glycosides induce cell death in human cells by inhibiting general protein synthesis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8292. [PMID: 20016840 PMCID: PMC2788214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac glycosides are Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitors widely used to treat heart failure. They are also highly cytotoxic, and studies have suggested specific anti-tumor activity leading to current clinical trials in cancer patients. However, a definitive demonstration of this putative anti-cancer activity and the underlying molecular mechanism has remained elusive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using an unbiased transcriptomics approach, we found that cardiac glycosides inhibit general protein synthesis. Protein synthesis inhibition and cytotoxicity were not specific for cancer cells as they were observed in both primary and cancer cell lines. These effects were dependent on the Na(+)/K(+)-pump as they were rescued by expression of a cardiac glycoside-resistant Na(+)/K(+)-pump. Unlike human cells, rodent cells are largely resistant to cardiac glycosides in vitro and mice were found to tolerate extremely high levels. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The physiological difference between human and mouse explains the previously observed sensitivity of human cancer cells in mouse xenograft experiments. Thus, published mouse xenograft models used to support anti-tumor activity for these drugs require reevaluation. Our finding that cardiac glycosides inhibit protein synthesis provides a mechanism for the cytotoxicity of CGs and raises concerns about ongoing clinical trials to test CGs as anti-cancer agents in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perne
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus K. Muellner
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Steinrueck
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nils Craig-Mueller
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Mayerhofer
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathew Sloane
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Z. Uras
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian M. B. Nijman
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mayerhofer
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Diop D, Chauvin C, Salhi S, Poupat C, Ahond A, Jean-Jean O. Girolline interferes with cell-cycle progression, but not with translation. C R Biol 2007; 330:855-60. [PMID: 18068643 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Girolline is a 2-aminoimidazole derivative with cytotoxic activity. It affects the survival of exponentially growing leukaemic cultured cells and has a significant antitumour activity on grafted murine tumours in vivo. In vitro studies showed that girolline affected protein synthesis by interfering with the translation termination process. Here, we investigate the effect of girolline on translation termination in human cultured cells. We show that girolline neither induces an increase in translational readthrough of stop codons nor affects the polysome profile in treated cells. This suggests that girolline does not act on translation in vivo. Then, we examine the effect of girolline on cell-cycle progression and we show that girolline induces an arrest of the cell cycle at the G2 stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dialo Diop
- Unité de biochimie cellulaire, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR 7098 CNRS, 9, quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
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Bachelot T, Ray-Coquard I, Catimel G, Ardiet C, Guastalla JP, Dumortier A, Chauvin F, Droz JP, Philip T, Clavel M. Multivariable analysis of prognostic factors for toxicity and survival for patients enrolled in phase I clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2000; 11:151-6. [PMID: 10761748 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008368319526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced solid tumors may be included in phase I clinical trials. In such studies, the benefit expected is generally lower than the likelihood of toxicity and may even be non-existent if the patient's life expectancy is too short. This study was performed to identify prognostic variables for toxicity and survival in patients who participate in phase I clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-four patients treated on a phase I clinical trial in our institute were evaluated retrospectively. Univariable and multivariable analyses of patients' characteristics were undertaken to determine their effects on the probability of grade 3 and 4 toxicity and on survival. RESULTS Grade 3 or 4 toxicity was experienced by 56 patients (36%): dosage level at entry (P < 0.001) and age over 65 years (P = 0.03) were independently associated with the risk of toxicity. Median overall survival was 5 months. The multivariable analysis identified performance status 2 or 3 (P < 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase levels greater than 600 UI (P < 0.001) as independent adverse prognostic variables for overall survival. Using these two parameters, we determined a prognostic index which allowed us to discriminate three risk groups of patients with an observed median survival of 8.5, 4.5 and 1.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Subgroups with different survival expectancy can be identified among patients who are eligible for phase I clinical trials. If confirmed, the proposed prognostic model may be useful for therapeutic decision making in palliative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bachelot
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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Davidson TG. Anemia and fatigue in cancer patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 1998. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155298004004s02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although strong evidence indicates that fatigue can be caused by anemia, little is known about the relationship between the extent and rate of hemoglobin loss and the development of fa tigue. Anemia, an insufficiency of red blood cells to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation, is the most common hematologic abnormality associ ated with cancer. It usually results from a de crease in red blood cell production, resulting from either direct tumor invasion of bone mar row or the anemia of chronic disease. Fatigue is a subjective sensation, often described as tired ness, exhaustion, lethargy, or malaise. The mechanism that precipitates or sustains fatigue is probably multifactorial and includes the re lease of inflammatory cytokines and the onset of the acute-phase inflammatory response. Other factors that contribute to cancer-related fatigue include the underlying disease, treatment of the disease, intercurrent systemic illnesses, sleep disorders, immobility and lack of exercise, chronic pain, and psychosocial factors. A review of cancer-related anemia and fatigue is pre sented, which focuses on the clinical decision- making process regarding the management of these syndromes when they exist concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri G Davidson
- Cortex Communications, Inc. and Clinical Pharmacy Associates,
Inc., 305 West Country Drive, Duluth, GA 30097
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