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Suhaimi NS, Colunga-Ramírez G, Sellyei B, Cech G, Molnár K, Székely C. The first detection of Myxobolus lentisuturalis Dyková, Fiala et Nie, 2002, a highly pathogenic muscle-infecting parasite of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Berg, 1932) in Hungary. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1367-1376. [PMID: 37675879 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Myxobolus lentisuturalis is a myxosporean parasite infecting the musculature both of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The species was originally described in China from gibel carp that is a common fish for sport fishing in Hungary meanwhile is one of the most popular farmed fish in China due to its high demand. Eighteen gibel carp with distortions were collected from a barrage pond in southern Hungary. All fish had large humps in the dorsolateral region due to infection of the muscle between the head and the dorsal fin. The swollen degenerated tissue was filled with myxozoan spores, which were collected for morphological and molecular studies. By size and morphology, the spores were consistent with morphological description of M. lentisuturalis. Histopathological examination showed that the formation of plasmodia containing myxospores leads to severe destruction of muscle tissue. The 18S ribosomal DNA and 28S ribosomal DNA data of the samples presented matched with previous sequences of M. lentisuturalis in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that our sequences belong to a monophyletic group with them supported by a high bootstrap. This study highlights the occurrence of a highly pathogenic myxozoan, M. lentisuturalis in Hungary as a new geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhirah Syafiqah Suhaimi
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Graciela Colunga-Ramírez
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Cech
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Molnár
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Székely
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
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Banu H, Rathinam RB. Myxozoan fish diseases: possible treatment and zoonoses. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:215-223. [PMID: 37193499 PMCID: PMC10182238 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxozoan parasites pose huge threat to wild and cultured fishes and reported to cause heavy mortality, retarded growth and post-harvest quality degradation. It is one of the highly divergent groups of parasites which infects skin, gill, muscle, cartilage and internal organs of host fish and the severity of pathology varies depending on the water temperature, species of fish, site of tissue infection and immune resistance of the individual host. Most infections are difficult to treat, as they can easily evade host cellular and humoral defence mechanisms by proliferating or migrating through immune compromised sites of the host and forming large plasmodia encapsulated by the host cellular elements. This spore-forming parasite is harmless to humans but often detected in faecal samples of immunosuppressed humans. The incidences are mostly associated with the consumption of infected fish having a high concentration of spores which causes diarrhea and stomach pain. Currently, there are no immunostimulants or vaccines available for controlling these parasites, however, fumagillin is the drug of choice in fish for controlling this parasitic infection. Excessive usage of fumagillin causes tissue damage and retarded growth in fish, hence feed incorporation of this antibiotic in proper dose is essential for effective treatment. In this review detailed information on the diseases caused by myxozoan parasites in fishes and their zoonotic potential is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husne Banu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700091 India
- Present Address: Department of Fish Health Management, ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, India
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Bittencourt LS, Ferreira RLDS, Videira MN, Silva MFD, Silva DTD, Hamoy I, Carvalho JCT, Matos E. Sphaerospora festivus n. sp., a parasite of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from eastern Amazon, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e004621. [PMID: 34190777 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a new species of the genus Sphaerospora found in the urinary bladder of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus collected in Corre Água district of the municipality of Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil). The study includes morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the new parasite, to determine the relationship of the new species with related myxosporean species. The new species has polysporous plasmodia, which vary in size and shape. The mature myxospores are subspherical shape in valvar view. In the sutural view, the myxospores are 5.3±0.2 (5.2-5.6) μm in length and 7.0±0.7 (6.3-7.7) μm in width, with two piriform polar capsules equal size, 2.5±0.2 (2.3-2.8) μm in length and 1.8±0.2 (1.6-2.0) μm in width. The phylogenetic analyses of a partial sequence of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the status of the new species and determined the relationship of the new species and related myxosporean species.The sum of the evidence indicates that, Sphaerospora festivus n. sp. belongs to the family Sphaerosporidae, and is the first record of the genus Sphaerospora from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Silva Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPGBioNorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Diehgo Tuloza da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários - PPGBAIP, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Edilson Matos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Carlos Azevedo, Universidade Federal Rural do Amazonas - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Sirri R, Mandrioli L, Zamparo S, Errani F, Volpe E, Tura G, Barbé T, Ciulli S. Swim Bladder Disorders in Koi Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111974. [PMID: 33126455 PMCID: PMC7692175 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Physostomous fish like cyprinids possess a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct in connection with the foregut, permitting the gas to enter into or be released through the alimentary canal. Due to this peculiar anatomic structure, bacteria and mycetes can potentially ascend the duct and colonize the swim-bladder. Besides inflammatory reactions, other swim bladder disorders include fluid accumulation, collapse, overinflation, and herniation. These swim bladder disorders and consequent buoyancy problems can be encountered in ornamental fish. Nonetheless, details about comprehensive disease management are poorly represented in the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) literature. A clinical–pathological and microbiological investigation was performed in nine koi carp presenting abdominal swelling and abnormal swimming behavior. Swim bladder deformation, accumulation of clear fluid within the swim bladder, chronic aerocystitis, and bacteria identified as Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae group and Shewanella xiamenensis were the main findings. A wide range of sensitivity was shown to antimicrobials for isolated S. xiamemensis strains. Accordingly, antibiotic treatment succeeded in the full recovery of three cases in which S. xiamemensis infection was detected. Along with these results, the contribution of this study to the scientific field is to document a multidisciplinary clinical–pathological and microbiological investigation of these animals, which are rightly considered pets and should be similarly approached. Abstract Swim bladder disorders and consequent buoyancy problems are encountered in ornamental fish, including koi carp. Nevertheless, beyond clinical and pharmacological management, they are largely underdiagnosed. In this study, nine koi carp showing abdominal swelling and abnormal swimming behavior were investigated. Clinical approach, varying from case to case, included ultrasonographic and X-ray investigations, bacteriological analysis of the collected fluid, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and possibly histological analysis. Diagnostic imaging, corroborating gross examination, documented swim bladder deformation/dislocation and serous fluid within the swim bladder chambers of most animals. Bacteria belonging to the Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae group and Shewanella xiamenensis were identified. S. xiamenensis strains showed a sensibility to all tested molecules except for one strain, which was resistant to tetracycline and cyprofloxacin. Antibiotic treatment succeeded in the full recovery of three cases in which S. xiamemensis infection was detected. Chronic aerocystitis was histologically documented where tissue was available. The swim bladder histopathological findings highlighted a chronic process that had compromised the quality of life of the animals. A multidisciplinary clinical–pathological and microbiological approach is highly suggested to recognize swim bladder conditions as early as possible, aiming to drive medical intervention and raising the chances of fish survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Sirri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuele Zamparo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Errani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Tim Barbé
- DAP Tim Barbe and an der Steenstraat 45, 1750 Lennik (Vlaams-Brabant), Belgium;
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
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Alama-Bermejo G, Viozzi GP, Waicheim MA, Flores VR, Atkinson SD. Host-parasite relationship of Ortholinea lauquen sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) and the fish Galaxias maculatus in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 136:163-174. [PMID: 31621649 DOI: 10.3354/dao03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1842) is a widespread freshwater fish and an important component of the economically important whitebait fisheries across the Southern Hemisphere. We report a new myxosporean parasite (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infecting the kidney of G. maculatus from northwestern Patagonia (Argentina). Ortholinea lauquen sp. nov. was characterized using myxospore morphology, morphometrics and small subunit rDNA (ssrDNA) sequence data. Our ssrDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that O. lauquen sp. nov. is a member of the oligochaete-freshwater urinary tract clade and basal to a clade containing 4 different spore morphotypes (Chloromyxum, Myxidium, Zschokkella, Hoferellus). We explored host-parasite relationships at the macro- and microscale by analyzing the distribution, tissue tropism and pathology of O. lauquen sp. nov. Prevalence was relatively low (7%) by microscopy, but PCR detection revealed hidden levels of infection (49%), with the highest detection in lakes Morenito and Moreno (63-90%, Río Negro Province). The only locality negative by both microscopy and PCR was the Caleufu River (Neuquén Province), suggesting differences in fish life history traits (landlocked vs. potamodromous) or preference of the putative obligate invertebrate host for lentic habitats. O. lauquen sp. nov. sporulates in the renal tubules and occasionally in the glomerular space. The plasmodia frequently occluded the tubule lumina, and cellular necrosis and disintegration of the epithelium were observed. O. lauquen sp. nov. could represent a potential threat to G. maculatus culture under intensive farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alama-Bermejo
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni (CIMAS-CCT CONICET-CENPAT), 8520 San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
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Sanders JL, Jaramillo AG, Ashford JE, Feist SW, Lafferty KD, Kent ML. Two Myxozoans from the Urinary Tract of Topsmelt, Atherinops affinis. J Parasitol 2015; 101:577-86. [PMID: 26185949 DOI: 10.1645/15-726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two myxozoan species were observed in the kidney of topsmelt, Atherinops affinis , during a survey of parasites of estuarine fishes in the Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve, California. Fish collected on 3 dates in 2012 and 2013 were sectioned and examined histologically. Large extrasporogonic stages occurred in the renal interstitium of several fish from the first 2 collections (5/8, 11/20, respectively) and, in some fish, these replaced over 80% of the kidney. In addition, presporogonic and polysporogonic stages occurred in the lumen of the renal tubules, collecting ducts, and mesonephric ducts. The latter contained subspherical spores with up to 4 polar capsules, consistent with the genus Chloromyxum. For the third collection (15 May 2013, n = 30), we portioned kidneys for examination by histology, wet mount, and DNA extraction for small subunit ribosomal (SSU rDNA) gene sequencing. Histology showed the large extrasporogonic forms in the kidney interstitium of 3 fish and showed 2 other fish with subspherical myxospores in the lumen of the renal tubules with smooth valves and 2 spherical polar capsules consistent with the genus Sphaerospora. Chloromyxum-type myxospores were observed in the renal tubules of 1 fish by wet mount. Sequencing of the kidney tissue from this fish yielded a partial SSU rDNA sequence of 1,769 base pairs (bp). Phylogenetic reconstruction suggested this organism to be a novel species of Chloromyxum, most similar to Chloromyxum careni (84% similarity). In addition, subspherical myxospores with smooth valves and 2 spherical polar capsules consistent with the genus Sphaerospora were observed in wet mounts of 2 fish. Sequencing of the kidney tissue from 1 fish yielded a partial SSU rDNA sequence of 1,937 bp. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests this organism to be a novel species of Sphaerospora most closely related to Sphaerospora epinepheli (93%). We conclude that these organisms represent novel species of the genera Chloromyxum and Sphaerospora based on host, location, and SSU rDNA sequence. We further conclude that the formation of large, histozoic extrasporogonic stages in the renal interstitium represents developmental stages of Chloromyxum species for the following reasons: (1) Large extrasporogonic stages were only observed in fish with Chloromyxum-type spores developing within the renal tubules, (2) a DNA sequence consistent with the Chloromyxum sp. was only detected in fish with the large extrasporogonic stages, and (3) several Sphaerospora species have extrasporogonic forms, but they are considerably smaller and are composed of far fewer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Sanders
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Correspondence should be sent to:
| | - Alejandra G Jaramillo
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Correspondence should be sent to:
| | - Jacob E Ashford
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Correspondence should be sent to:
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Correspondence should be sent to:
| | - Kevin D Lafferty
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Correspondence should be sent to:
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Correspondence should be sent to:
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Holzer AS, Hartigan A, Patra S, Pecková H, Eszterbauer E. Molecular fingerprinting of the myxozoan community in common carp suffering swim bladder inflammation (SBI) identifies multiple etiological agents. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:398. [PMID: 25167920 PMCID: PMC4153885 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Swim bladder inflammation (SBI) is an important disease of common carp fingerlings in Central Europe. In the 1980s, its etiology was ascribed to multicellular proliferative stages of the myxozoan parasite Sphaerospora dykovae (formerly S. renicola). S. dykovae was reported to proliferate in the blood and in the swim bladder prior to the invasion of the kidney, where sporogony takes place. Due to the presence of emerging numbers of proliferative myxozoan blood stages at different carp culture sites in recent years we analysed cases of SBI, for the first time, using molecular diagnostics, to identify the myxozoan parasites present in diseased swim bladders. Methods We amplified myxozoan SSU rDNA in a non-specific approach and compared the species composition in swim bladders at culture sites where carp demonstrated 1. No signs of SBI, 2. Minor pathological changes, and 3. Heavy SBI. Based on DNA sequences, we determined the localisation and distribution of the most frequent species by in situ hybridisation, thereby determining which myxozoans are involved in SBI. Results Large multicellular myxozoan swim bladder stages characterised heavy SBI cases and were identified as S. dykovae, however, blood stages were predominantly represented by Sphaerospora molnari, whose numbers were greatly increased in carp with mild and heavy SBI, compared with SBI-free fish. S. molnari was found to invade different organs and cause inflammatory changes also in the absence of S. dykovae. One site with mild SBI cases was characterised by Buddenbrockia sp. infection in different organs and a general granulomatous response. Conclusions We provide evidence that the etiology of SBI can vary in relation to culture site and disease severity and that emerging numbers of S. molnari in the blood represent an important co-factor or precondition for SBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Holzer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Eszterbauer E, Sipos D, Forró B, Ová PB, Holzer AS. Molecular characterization of Sphaerospora molnari (Myxozoa), the agent of gill sphaerosporosis in common carp Cyprinus carpio carpio. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 104:59-67. [PMID: 23670080 DOI: 10.3354/dao02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sphaerospora molnari Lom, Dyková, Pavlásková and Grupcheva, 1983 often causes severe infections in the gills and skin of common carp fingerlings Cyprinus carpio carpio in Central Europe. Although most Sphaerospora spp. are coelozoic and affect the excretory system of fish, S. molnari develops mature spores in the epithelia of gill filaments, making it a rare representative of histozoic freshwater species within the genus. On the basis of a partial 18S rDNA sequence assigned as belonging to S. molnari, previous phylogenetic studies located the species within the Myxobolus clade. In the present study, S. molnari isolates from Hungary and the Czech Republic were characterized based on morphology, DNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic comparison. The obtained 3714 bp final consensus 18S rDNA sequence of the parasite showed several, sometimes extremely long inserts in the variable regions of the gene and differed considerably from the one published in GenBank in 2002. In situ hybridization confirmed the validity of the obtained DNA sequence and detected pre-sporogonic blood stages in the interstitium and blood vessels of the kidney. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. molnari clusters within the Sphaerospora sensu stricto clade with a high support, revealing it as the first known histozoic member of the Sphaerospora subclade comprising parasites of freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eszterbauer
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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‘Who's who’ in renal sphaerosporids (Bivalvulida: Myxozoa) from common carp, Prussian carp and goldfish – molecular identification of cryptic species, blood stages and new members of Sphaerospora sensu stricto. Parasitology 2012; 140:46-60. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182012001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYMyxozoans are a group of diverse, spore-forming metazoan microparasites bound to aquatic environments. Sphaerospora dykovae (previously S. renicola) causes renal sphaerosporosis and acute swim bladder inflammation (SBI) in juvenile Cyprinus carpio carpio, in central Europe. A morphologically similar species with comparably low pathogenicity, S. angulata has been described from C. c. carpio, Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius gibelio. To clarify uncertainties and ambiguities in taxon identification in these hosts we decided to re-investigate differences in spore morphology using a statistical approach, in combination with SSU and LSU rDNA sequence analyses. We found that developing spores of S. angulata and S. dykovae cannot be distinguished morphologically and designed a duplex PCR assay for the cryptic species that demonstrated S. dykovae is specific to C. c. carpio, whereas S. angulata infects C. a. auratus and C. gibelio. The molecular identification of myxozoan blood stages in common carp and goldfish, which had previously been ascribed to Sphaerospora spp. showed that approximately 75% of blood stages were from non-sphaerosporid coelozoic species infecting these cyprinids and more than 10% were from an alien species, Myxobilatus gasterostei, developing in sticklebacks. We hereby report non-selective myxozoan host invasion and multi-species infections, whose role in SBI still requires clarification.
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The demise of Leptotheca Thélohan, 1895 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae) and assignment of its species to Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae), Ellipsomyxa Køie, 2003 (Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae), Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 and Sphaerospora Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae). Syst Parasitol 2010; 75:81-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-009-9227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sphaerospora molnari sp.nov. (Myxozoa:Myxosporea), an agent of gill, skin and blood sphaerosporosis of common carp in Europe. Parasitology 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118200005071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYSphaerospora molnari sp.nov. is described from the gills, skin and nasal pits of yearling carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from ponds in the South Bohemian pond region of Czechoslovakia and one infected specimen from the river Danube in Bulgaria. Small vegetative stages, often massively pervading the infected tissue, produce 1 spore each. Spores are sub-spherical, 10·3 × 10·5 μm in size, with almost spherical polar capsules of equal size. The polar filaments are wound in wide coils that are almost parallel with the longitudinal axis of the spore. There are 2 uninucleate sporoplasm cells. Developmental stages and spores are also found in circulating blood. In the gills, S. molnari invades stratified epithelium of gill filaments and secondary lamellae causing branchial lesions and must be regarded as a serious pathogen of yearling carp. A new name, Sphaerospora chinensis sp.nov. is proposed for S. branchialis Lee & Nie in Chen (1973), pre-occupied by S. branchialis Razmashkin and Skrip-chenko, 1967.
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Jirků M, Fiala I, Modrý D. Tracing the genus Sphaerospora: rediscovery, redescription and phylogeny of the Sphaerospora ranae (Morelle, ) n. comb. (Myxosporea, Sphaerosporidae), with emendation of the genus Sphaerospora. Parasitology 2007; 134:1727-39. [PMID: 17651531 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYUsing a combination of morphological, life-history and molecular data, we redescribe Sphaerospora ranae (Morelle, 1929) n. comb. (previously Leptotheca ranae) and emend its taxonomic status. Renal infection was recorded in 2 spp. of frogs (out of 5 amphibian spp. examined), Rana dalmatina (proposed type host) and Rana temporaria, suggesting restricted host specifity of S. ranae. We provide a description of sporogonic stages of S. ranae for the first time and suggest possible modes of its developmental cycle. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from the small-subunit ribosomal DNA revealed a close relationship of S. ranae with piscine Sphaerospora elegans (type species of the genus) and Sphaerospora truttae, forming together with distantly related Leptotheca fugu a ‘Sphaerosporid clade’, the basal branch to all myxosporean species. The close relationship of the 3 Sphaerospora spp. is further supported by the presence of 2 areas with extensive nucleotide insertions in the V4 region of the SSU rDNA (absent in L. fugu), morphology and life-history features. We conclude, that the spore morphology of Sphaerospora s.l., is very simple and probably represents a ‘primitive’, basal morphotype retained in most myxosporean lineages. Based on presented data, we propose emendation of the genus Sphaerospora using morpological, life-history and molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, AS CR, Branisovská 31, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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SITJA-BOBADILLA ARIADNA, ALVAREZ-PELLITERO PILAR. Light and Electron Microscopic Description of Sphaerospora dicentrarchi N. Sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) from Wild and Cultured Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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LOM JIRI, DYKOVA IVA, PAVLASKOVA MILENA. “Unidentified” Mobile Protozoans from the Blood of Carp and Some Unsolved Problems of Myxosporean Life Cycles1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Lom J, Dyková I. Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2006. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2006.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Eszterbauer E, Székely C. Molecular phylogeny of the kidney-parasitic Sphaerospora renicola from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Sphaerospora sp. from goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus). Acta Vet Hung 2005; 52:469-78. [PMID: 15595280 DOI: 10.1556/avet.52.2004.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genetic relatedness of two kidney-parasitic Sphaerospora species was studied. Although S. renicola, the causative agent of swimbladder inflammation of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio), and Sphaerospora sp. originating from goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) were indistinguishable on the basis of spore morphology, they were found to be genetically different as their 18S rDNA sequences shared only 71.9% identical nucleotides. In the phylogenetic trees, Sphaerospora sp. from goldfish grouped with Myxidium truttae (AJ582061) within the clade of the coelozoic freshwater species. Sphaerospora renicola clustered with S. molnari (AF378345) within the group of myxosporeans histozoic in gills. The topology of the six Sphaerospora species on the phylogenetic trees implied that myxospore morphology does not correlate with the genetic relationships, and the genus seems to be polyphyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Eszterbauer
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, PO Box 18, Hungary.
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Rácz OZ, Székely C, Molnár K. Intraoligochaete development of Myxobolus intimus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae), a gill myxosporean of the roach (Rutilus rutilus). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2004. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2004.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Al-Samman A, Molnár K, Székely C, Reiczigel J. Reno-, hepato- and splenomegaly of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L.) diseased in swimbladder inflammation caused by Sphaerospora renicola Dyková et Lom, 1982. Acta Vet Hung 2003; 51:321-9. [PMID: 14516160 DOI: 10.1556/avet.51.2003.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The weight of internal organs (swimbladder, kidney, liver, spleen) in relation to the body weight was studied in common carp fingerlings divided into three groups on the basis of swimbladder appearance and microscopic examination of the kidney. The fish had been collected from different Hungarian fish farms at the time when swimbladder inflammation (SBI) usually occurs (in July and August). The first group comprised fish with severe signs of SBI and massive renal sphaerosporosis, the second group consisted of fish with milder swimbladder changes and/or kidney infection by a low number of Sphaerospora renicola, while the third group was constituted by infection-free common carp fry. Statistical analysis of swimbladder, kidney, liver and spleen weight in relation to the body weight revealed that in the infected groups the internal organs were substantially enlarged. This suggests that in common carp fry with SBI the swimbladder changes are accompanied by reno-, hepato- and splenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Samman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Baath University, Hama, Syria
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19
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El-Matbouli M, Hoffmann RW. Light and electron microscopic descriptions of Sphaerospora coregoni El-Matbouli, Hoffmann and Kern, 1995 (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) from the kidney of Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Eur J Protistol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(96)80063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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20
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Recent achievements in studies on diseases of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.). AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 1995. [PMCID: PMC7130791 DOI: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00283-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic, fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) are reviewed. Besides a general overview of parasites of carp, swimbladder inflammation, caused by Sphaerospora spp., is discussed in detail. Saprolegnia spp. is the most important fungal pathogen. Aeromonas hydrophila and the atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, as well as Flexibacter columnaris, are described as the major bacterial pathogens of carp. Spring viraemia of carp caused by Rhabdovirus carpio is presented as the main viral infection of common carp. Details on methods of treatment and prevention are presented together with a description of the given diseases. The role of environmental stress, including “normal” culture practice and pollution, in the outbreak of diseases of common carp is discussed. Prospective methods to minimize the risk of diseases as well as their limitations are presented.
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SITJÀ-BOBADILLA ARIADNA, ALVAREZ-PELLITERO PILAR. Zschokkella mugilisN. Sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from Mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) of Mediterranean Waters: Light and Electron Microscopic Description. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Supamattaya K, Fischer-Scherl T, Hoffmann RW, Boonyaratpalin S. Light and electron microscope observations on presporogonic and sporogonic stages of Sphaerospora epinepheli (Myxosporea) in grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus). J Eukaryot Microbiol 1993; 40:71-80. [PMID: 8457803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Presporogonic (blood) stages of Sphaerospora epinepheli Supamattaya, Fischer-Scherl, Hoffmann, Boonyaratpalin, 1990 were observed in the circulating blood, sinus of kidney, glomerurar capillaries and liver arteries of grouper Epinephelus malabaricus. The earliest detectable stage was a primary cell with one secondary cell. After cell divisions, nine to 16 secondary cells were found in one primary cell. Ultrastructural examination revealed electron-dense bodies (118-145 nm) in the cytoplasm of primary cells. Sporogonic stages and spores were located in Bowman's space and in kidney tubule lumens. Electron micrographs revealed a similar pattern of spore development as described from other Sphaerospora spp. Kidneys infected with S. epinepheli showed highly vacuolated tubular epithelial cells and severely affected renal corpuscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Supamattaya
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla, Thailand
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24
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Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Alvarez-Pellitero P. Pathologic effects of Sphaerospora dicentrarchi Sitjà-Bobadilla and Alvarez-Pellitero, 1992 and S. testicularis Sitjà-Bobadilla and Alvarez-Pellitero, 1990 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) parasitic in the Mediterranean sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (Teleostei: Serranidae) and the cell-mediated immune reaction: a light and electron microscopy study. Parasitol Res 1993; 79:119-29. [PMID: 8475029 DOI: 10.1007/bf00932257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the pathogenic effects of Sphaerospora dicentrarchi and S. testicularis, histozoic and coelozoic myxosporean parasites of the Mediterranean sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., respectively, are described. The infection caused by the latter, which usually invades the testes and neighboring tissues, is considered to represent parasitic castration. S. dicentrarchi seems to be harmless except in massive infections, which probably result in organic disfunctions. The cellular host reaction generated by S. testicularis depends on the location of the parasite and is more intense than that produced by S. dicentrarchi. In both sphaerosporoses, macrophages, granulocytes, lymphocytes, plasmacytes, and fibroblast-like cells are involved. The role of the different immune cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (C.S.I.C.), Castellón, Spain
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25
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Present knowledge on the life cycle, taxonomy, pathology, and therapy of some Myxosporea spp. important for freshwater fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8030(92)90071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Supamattaya K, Fischer-Scherl T, Hoffmann RW, Boonyaratpalin S. Sphaerospora epinepheli n. sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) observed in grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus). THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1991; 38:448-54. [PMID: 1920143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphaerospora epinepheli n. sp. is described from grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, in cage-cultured and wild fish collected from both coastal lines of southern Thailand. Subspherical to spherical spores and mono- or disporous pseudoplasmodia were observed in the lumen of kidney tubules. Pseudoplasmodia were round to elongate, size range 15.6-22.9 microns (length) x 8.4-21.6 microns (width). Spores were 7.8-10.0 microns (length) x 12.3-14.5 microns (thickness), and 7.0-9.5 microns (width) with two spherical polar capsules of equal size measuring 2.9-4.4 microns in diameter and containing polar filaments with six or seven windings. Two uninucleate sporoplasms showed iodine vacuoles. Blood stages, similar to C-blood protozoans observed from freshwater fish in Europe, were found from peripheral blood smears of grouper. Ultrastructural studies of blood stages showed a similar structure to unidentified mobile protozoans from the blood of carp. Electron dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of the primary cell blood stages. Infected proximal-tubular epithelial cells showed highly vacuolated cytoplasm and pycnotic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Supamattaya
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
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27
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Feist SW, Chilmonczyk S, Pike AW. Structure and development of Sphaerospora elegans Thélohan 1892 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in the sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and Pungitius pungitius L. (Gasterosteidae). Eur J Protistol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Hedrick RP, McDowell T, Groff JM. Sphaerospora ictaluri n. sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosphoridae) observed in the kidney of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1990; 37:107-12. [PMID: 2319486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb05878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sphaerospores were found in the kidneys of alevin channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from a farm in Central California. Multicellular developmental stages, similar to C-blood protozoans described for Sphaerospora spp. from cyprinid fishes, were observed in circulating blood and numerous tissues. Upon a 2nd examination of the same population of fish 10 days later, sporogonic stages were seen developing into mature sphaerospores in the lumina of the kidney tubules. Sporogenesis was asynchronous with simple unicellular stages adjacent to more complex forms with developing polar capsules and valves. Only one elliptical spore (5.6 microns in width, 6.5 microns in thickness by 5.8 microns in length) developed within the surrounding pseudoplasmodium. Thin valves surrounded two sporoplasm cells and two subspherical polar capsules (1.7 x 1.9 microns) which contained a polar filament with four to five turns. The blood stages of the Sphaerospora sp. described here are similar to the trophozoites seen in channel catfish with proliferative gill disease (PGD). Early stages of PGD also observed in the same population of channel catfish containing developmental and sporogonic stages of this newly recognized Sphaerospora sp. may suggest a causal relationship between this new myxosporean and the gill disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hedrick
- Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Dyková I, Lom J, Körting W. Light and electron microscopic observations on the swimbladder stages of Sphaerospora renicola, a parasite of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Parasitol Res 1990; 76:228-37. [PMID: 2315282 DOI: 10.1007/bf00930819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The developmental cycle of stages of Sphaerospora renicola, proliferating in the walls of the swimbladder in carp fry and responsible for swimbladder inflammation (= SBI stages) is described. The initial stage, a primary cell containing two secondary cells, grows in size while the secondary cells divide and produce two tertiary cells each by endogenous division. After a supposed disintegration of the grown primary cell, the cell triplets are released to repeat the cycle. The cell divisions are asynchronous and the development of the whole formation may be quite irregular. The cytology of these stages is closely reminiscent of the blood stages of S. renicola and also shares common features with the parasite's sporogonic stages. The SBI stages show typical features of myxosporean organisation, i.e., a "cell-within-cell" arrangement in which the primary cell contains secondary cell(s) in membrane-bound vacuoles and many free ribosomes, in the absence of centrioles. Other salient features of SBI stages are partitions in the nuclei; a small amount of cytoplasm in the early secondary cells; distinct, age-dependent changes in morphology of the nucleus; and atypically shaped Golgi bodies in the cytoplasm or integrated with the nuclear envelope. The cytological features and significance of swimbladder stages are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dyková
- Institute of Parasitology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Budĕjovice
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Kent ML, Moser M. Ortholinea alata n. sp. (Myxosporea: Ortholineidae) in the northern butterfly fish Chaetodon rainfordi. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1990; 37:49-50. [PMID: 2304032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ortholinea alata n. sp. is described from the northern butterfly fish, Chaetodon rainfordi collected at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Spherical, disporous trophozoites (10-15 micrometers) and spores were observed in the lumina of kidney tubules and collecting ducts. Spores are broadly triangular with two short, broad processes that extend dorsoventrad from the posterior end of each of the two spore valves. Valves are bisected by a suture in the plane of the polar capsules. Spores are 12.6 micrometers (length) x 9.6 micrometers (width) x 9.9 micrometers (length), and at the anterior end contain two spherical, divergent polar capsules measuring 4.6 (4.1-5.1) micrometers. Sporogenesis is similar to that of renal Sphaerospora spp.; the intraluminal trophozoites of O. alata n. sp. correspond to pseudoplasmodia described for Sphaerospora spp. and no large, multinucleated plasmodia are formed. No significant histopathological changes were observed in the kidneys of infected fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kent
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada
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Hedrick RP, Kent ML, Toth RJ, Morrison JK. Fish infected with Sphaerospora spp. Thélohan (Myxosporea) from waters enzootic for proliferative kidney disease of salmonids. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1988; 35:13-8. [PMID: 3367317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1988.tb04066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphaerospores were found among three species of fish examined from waters known to be enzootic for proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids. They were detected in the renal tubules of both hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to the infectious stage of PKD and in chubs (Gila bicolor) in the headwaters of a hatchery where PKD is enzootic. Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) collected near net pens where Pacific salmon had experienced a PKD epizootic were also found to harbor sphaerospores in the lumen of the kidney tubules. The latter two host species contained developmental stages of a myxosporidan in the blood and in the lumen of the kidney tubules which are similar to those of PKX, the causative agent of PKD in salmonid fish. The sphaerospores observed in the rainbow trout are the first to be observed in this species. The similarity to previously observed developmental stages, rarity, and presence of these sphaerospores in salmonid fish from a hatchery where PKD is enzootic suggest that they are the most mature stage of the PKX myxosporidan yet observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hedrick
- Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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LOM JIRI, DYKOVA IVA, PAVLASKOVA MILENA. "Unidentified" Mobile Protozoans from the Blood of Carp and Some Unsolved Problems of Myxosporean Life Cycles. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb05467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dyková I, Lom J. Sphaerospora renicola n.sp., a Myxosporean from carp kidney, and its pathogenicity. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1982; 68:259-68. [PMID: 7157939 DOI: 10.1007/bf00927404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sphaerospora renicola n.sp. is a common parasite of carp in Czechoslovakia. Its life cycle involves intracellular stages in the epithelial cells of renal tubuli and trophozoite stages proliferating in the tubular lumen, transforming ultimately into pansporoblasts, each having one pansporoblast nucleus and producing two spores. The spores are almost globular with an average size of 7.3 X 7.2 microns, with polar capsules of equal size, and may have two slightly protruding tubercles on their shell valves. Differential diagnosis from other Sphaerospora species infecting carp, as well as from Mitraspora cyprini Fujita, is made. Intracellular stages of S. renicola cause swelling and hyperplasia of the epithelium in renal tubuli followed by dystrophic changes. Accumulation of developmental stages in the tubular lumen provokes pronounced regressive changes of the epithelium, which may be followed by necrosis.
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