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Periyasamy AP, Periyasami S. Critical Review on Sustainability in Denim: A Step toward Sustainable Production and Consumption of Denim. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4472-4490. [PMID: 36777581 PMCID: PMC9909807 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The exponential development in knowledge on the health and environmental concerns linked to conventional denim processing is directly responsible for the continuous increase in demand for the exploitation of sustainable denim. Research is essential to explore alternative methods to reduce the environmental impact caused by these industries. This review examines the many sustainable ways to produce denim, keeping in mind the problems that the denim industry is now facing in finding alternatives to conventional manufacturing practices. The most current advancements in environmentally friendly dyeing techniques for denim have been extensively discussed. These processes include the production of indigo from bacteria as well as different dyeing processes, such as digital spray, microbially assisted dyeing, and foam dyeing denim with indigo. In addition, this review covers the many environmentally friendly finishing methods for denim garments, such as ozone fading, e-flow, enzyme-based bleaching, water, laser fading, and so on. Finally, it is described how the chemical and mechanical processes used to finish denim might affect the amount of microplastics and microfibers released from the denim garment during domestic washing. As a result, the content presented in this review aims to address the importance of sustainable denim processing, that is, something that can be rethought, reevaluated, renewed, and restructured within the scope of conventional denim processes, while taking eco-responsible solutions for increased environmental sustainability into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravin Prince Periyasamy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Saravanan Periyasami
- Thuan
Phuong Company, Limited (Garments-Embroideries), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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2
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Continuous two-phase biocatalysis using water-in-oil Pickering emulsions in a membrane reactor: Evaluation of different nanoparticles. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Caliceti P, Morpurgo M, Schiavon O, Monfardini C, Veronese FM. Preservation of Thrombolytic Activity of Urokinase Modified with Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159400900302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method is described to modify urokinase by covalent binding of monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) without impairing its catalytic ac tivity towards high molecular weight substrates. The urokinase active site is protected by an inhibitor, benzamidine, bound to Sepharose during the mPEG modification in order to avoid binding mPEG chains to the active site or to the surrounding area. The mPEG modified urokinase had increased activity towards small molecular weight substrates (acetyl-Gly-methyl ester) as com pared to the unmodified enzyme, while the activity towards the high molecular weight plasminogen and the insoluble substrate fibrin clot was preserved. This did not occur when the enzyme was modified in the absence of active site pro tection. The polymer modification increased the enzyme's thermostability and the stability in plasma in vitro and prolonged in vivo retention after in travenous injection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Centro di Studio di Chimica del Farmaco e dei Prodotti Biologicamente Attivi del CNR University of Padova Via F. Marzolo, 5-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Morpurgo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Centro di Studio di Chimica del Farmaco e dei Prodotti Biologicamente Attivi del CNR University of Padova Via F. Marzolo, 5-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oddone Schiavon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Centro di Studio di Chimica del Farmaco e dei Prodotti Biologicamente Attivi del CNR University of Padova Via F. Marzolo, 5-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Monfardini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Centro di Studio di Chimica del Farmaco e dei Prodotti Biologicamente Attivi del CNR University of Padova Via F. Marzolo, 5-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Veronese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Centro di Studio di Chimica del Farmaco e dei Prodotti Biologicamente Attivi del CNR University of Padova Via F. Marzolo, 5-35131 Padova, Italy
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4
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Koda Y, Terashima T, Maynard HD, Sawamoto M. Protein storage with perfluorinated PEG compartments in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel storage technology of proteins with surface-perfluorinated poly(ethylene glycol) compartments in 2H,3H-perfluoropentane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nano Systems Institute
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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5
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Bustos-Jaimes I, García-Torres Y, Santillán-Uribe HC, Montiel C. Immobilization and enantioselectivity of Bacillus pumilus lipase in ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Karboune S, Archelas A, Baratti JC. Free and immobilized Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of racemic p-chlorostyrene oxide in a neat organic solvent medium. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Wu JC, Yang JX, Zhang SH, Chow Y, Talukder MMR, Choi WJ. Activity, stability and enantioselectivity of lipase-coated microcrystals of inorganic salts in organic solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Antoine Overbeeke PL, Koops BC, Verheij HM, Slotboom AJ, Egmond MR, Jongejan JA, Heijnen JJ. Activity And Enantioselectivity Of Modified Lipases In Organic Solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420009040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Rajan A, Emilia Abraham T. Studies on crystallization and cross-linking of lipase for biocatalysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2007; 31:87-94. [PMID: 17694332 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-007-0149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of robust biocatalysts with increased stability and activity is a major challenge to industry. A major breakthrough in this field was the development of cross-linked enzyme crystals with high specificity and stability. A method is described to produce micro crystals of CLEC lipase, which is thermostable and solvent stable. Lipase from Burkholderia cepacia was crystallized using ammonium sulfate and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to produce catalytically active enzyme. The maximum yield of CLEC was obtained with 70% ammonium sulfate and cross-linked with 5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde. SEM studies showed small hexagonal-shaped crystals of 2-5 microm size. CLEC lipase had improved thermal and reuse stability. It is versatile, having good activity in both polar and nonpolar organic solvents. CLEC lipase was coated using beta cyclodextrin for improving the storage and reuse stability. CLEC was successfully used for esterification of Ibuprofen and synthesis of ethyl butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Rajan
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, NIST (Regional Research Laboratory) CSIR, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
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10
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Khani Z, Jolivalt C, Cretin M, Tingry S, Innocent C. Alginate/carbon composite beads for laccase and glucose oxidase encapsulation: application in biofuel cell technology. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1779-86. [PMID: 16988786 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alginate-carbon beads were prepared in order to develop a biocompatible matrix for laccase and glucose oxidase immobilization for application in biofuel cell technology. The enzyme loading capacity was high (91%) in pure alginate beads for glucose oxidase. For laccase, the loading capacity was enhanced from 75% to 83% by introducing carbon. Desorption out of the matrix was controlled by the enzymes' diffusion and reached a plateau after 40 h for laccase and 70 h for glucose oxidase. Two-thirds of both enzymes was irreversibly retained inside the alginate beads. This proportion increased to 80% for laccase in combined alginate/carbon beads. Half-life of the adsorbed enzyme was enhanced to 74 days for laccase in carbon/alginate beads and 45 days for glucose oxidase in pure alginate as compared to 38 days and 23 days for free enzymes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoreh Khani
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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11
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12
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Increased stability of an esterase from Bacillus stearothermophilus in ionic liquids as compared to organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bordusa
- Max-Planck Society, Research Unit Enzymology of Protein Folding, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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14
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Penicillin amidase is activated for use in nonaqueous media by lyophilizing in the presence of potassium chloride. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Secundo F, Carrea G, Veronese FM. Discriminating between dispersion and lyoprotection effects in biocatalysis in organic media. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increment of activity and solubility in 1,4-dioxane of lipase B from Candida antarctica, lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia, and subtilisin, were investigated as a function of the methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)protein (PEGprotein) ratio employed during lyophilization. Both activity and solubility markedly increased as the PEGprotein ratio was increased. The increment of activity at low PEGprotein ratios, however, was much higher than that of solubility. These data suggest that the PEG-induced activation effect is due mainly to a lyoprotection effect rather than to relaxation of diffusional limitations.Key words: hydrolases, activity, dispersion, lyoprotection, circular dichroism.
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Secundo F, Carrea G, Soregaroli C, Varinelli D, Morrone R. Activity of different Candida antarctica lipase B formulations in organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 73:157-63. [PMID: 11255163 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity of different formulations of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), such as crude CALB, purified CALB, purified CALB lyophilized with PEG (CALB + PEG) or oleic acid (CALB + OA), and the commercial formulation Novozym 435, was determined in toluene, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,4-dioxane at various water activities (a(w)). The reaction between vinylacetate and 1-octanol was used as the model reaction and both transesterification (formation of 1-octylacetate) and hydrolytic (formation of acetic acid from vinylacetate) activities were determined. For equal amounts of lipase protein, CALB + PEG (and to a lesser extent CALB + OA) displayed higher activity than that of the other formulations; for instance, in toluene (a(w) < 0.1), it was 260-, 13-, and 1.8-fold more active than crude CALB, purified CALB, and Novozym 435, respectively. Moreover, the transesterification activity of CALB + PEG was of the same order of magnitude (51%) of the activity shown by the enzyme in the hydrolysis of vinylacetate in aqueous buffer. These results suggest that PEG and oleic acid could act as lyoprotectants, preventing the formation of intermolecular interactions during the lyophilization process that might be responsible for protein denaturation. No diffusional limitation was observed for CALB + PEG-catalyzed reactions. Purified CALB, in contrast to the other formulations, showed a marked activity increase (2.1 to 7.8-fold) as a function of a(w) and, in 1,4-dioxane, it was 3.5-fold more active when it was added to the solvent after previous dissolution of the lyophilized powder in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Secundo
- Istituto di Biocatalisi e Riconoscimento Molecolare, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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17
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Gais HJ, Jungen M, Jadhav V. Activation of Pig Liver Esterase in Organic Media with Organic Polymers. Application to the Enantioselective Acylation of Racemic Functionalized Secondary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3384-96. [PMID: 11348121 DOI: 10.1021/jo0016881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pig liver esterase (PLE) shows practically no activity in acylation of alcohols with vinylic esters in organic solvents. However, addition of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), TentaGelAmino resin (TGA), or aminomethyl polystyrene (AMPS) confers activity to PLE in acylation of alcohols with vinyl propionate in organic solvents of low water content. Polymer-activated PLE showed high enantioselectivities (E > 100) in the acylation of racemic 1-alkoxy-, 1-ethylsulfanyl-, and 1-fluoro-3-aryl-2-propanols as well as racemic 1-phenoxy-2-propanol and racemic 1-methoxy-2-phenoxy-2-propanol. The synthetic utility of polymer-activated PLE has been demonstrated by the gram-scale resolution of 1-methoxy-3-phenyl-2-propanol, 1-ethylsulfanyl-3-phenyl-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-3-p-methoxyphenyl-2-propanol, 1-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-propanol, and 1-methoxy-3-phenoxy-2-propanol. In PLE-catalyzed acylation of alcohols with vinyl propionate, acetaldehyde and propionic acids, both being detrimental to the enzyme, are formed as byproducts. In addition, the water content of the system, which is critical for the activity of pig liver esterase, is lowered because of a competing enzymatic hydrolysis of the acyl donor. The polymers TGA, BSA, and AMPS not only scavenge the aldehyde and the acid through imine formation and neutralization, respectively, but replenish at least in part also the water consumed in the competing hydrolysis of the acyl donor. A recovery of PLE together with the polymer was achieved without major loss of activity through their immobilization on a water-saturated polyaramide membrane, which occurs spontaneously in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Gais
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Professor-Pirlet-Strasse 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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18
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19
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Rotticci D, Norin T, Hult K. Mass transport limitations reduce the effective stereospecificity in enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution. Org Lett 2000; 2:1373-6. [PMID: 10814450 DOI: 10.1021/ol005639m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction-see text] The kinetic resolution of seudenol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B in hexane was investigated. Large differences in reaction rate and stereospecificity were observed when different enzyme preparations were used. These differences were ascribed to mass transport limitations which reduced both reaction rate and stereospecificity. Lyophilized enzyme preparations were more apt to give this problem than immobilized preparations. Further, low substrate concentrations enhanced the effect. Thus, high alcohol concentrations and enzyme immobilization can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rotticci
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Kwon DY, Hong YJ, Yoon SH. Enantiomeric synthesis of (S)-2-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester, apple flavor, using lipases in organic solvent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:524-530. [PMID: 10691670 DOI: 10.1021/jf990871w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomeric selective synthesis of (S)-2-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester, which is known as a major apple and strawberry flavor, was performed from racemic 2-methylbutanoic acid using lipases in organic solvent. Among 20 lipases, lipase IM 20 (immobilized lipase of Rhizomucor miehei), lipase AP (Aspergillus niger), and lipase FAP-15 (Aspergillus javanicus) exhibited higher enzymatic activities and enantioselectivities and were selected for the synthesis of (S)-2-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester. Using these enzymes, the reaction conditions such as temperature and lyophilizing pH were optimized, and kinetic parameters were determined. All of the reactions were performed in isooctane, which was identified as the best reaction media for nonaqueous systems. At 20 degrees C maximum enantiomeric excess was observed, while synthetic activity increased as the temperature increased. Only lipases lyophilized at pH 5.5, 6. 0, 6.5, and 7.0 showed synthetic activity. In this pH range, enantioselectivities were not influenced by the lyophilizing pH. The K(M,S) and K(M,R) values for ester synthetic activity of lipase were 1120 and 1240 mM, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by (S)-2-methylbutanoic amide, and its K(i) was calculated as 84 mM. (S)-2-Methylbutanoic amide acted as a competitive inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kwon
- Food Science and Biotechnology Division, Korea Food Research Institute, San 46-1, Paekhyondong, Poondang, Songnam, Kyongki-do 463-420, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Kim C, Woodward CA, Kaufman EN, Adams MWW. Stability and sulfur-reduction activity in non-aqueous phase liquids of the hydrogenase from the hyperthermophilePyrococcus furiosus. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19991005)65:1<108::aid-bit13>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Karlsson S, Backlund S, Eriksson F, Hedström G. Enzymatic esterifications and transesterifications in AOT-based gels with different composition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(97)00056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Activity enhancement of pig liver esterase in organic solvents by colyophilization with methoxypolyethylene glycol: kinetic resolution of alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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[24] Stabilization of lipases against deactivation by acetaldehyde formed in acyl transfer reactions. Methods Enzymol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)86026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Persichetti RA, Lalonde JJ, Govardhan CP, Khalaf NK, Margolin AL. Candida rugosa lipase: Enantioselectivity enhancements in organic solvents. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Khalaf N, Govardhan CP, Lalonde JJ, Persichetti RA, Wang YF, Margolin AL. Cross-Linked Enzyme Crystals as Highly Active Catalysts in Organic Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja960081s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazer Khalaf
- Altus Biologics Inc., 40 Allston Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4211
| | | | - Jim J. Lalonde
- Altus Biologics Inc., 40 Allston Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4211
| | | | - Yi-Fong Wang
- Altus Biologics Inc., 40 Allston Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4211
| | - Alexey L. Margolin
- Altus Biologics Inc., 40 Allston Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4211
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28
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Morpurgo M, Schiavon O, Caliceti P, Veronese FM. Covalent modification of mushroom tyrosinase with different amphiphic polymers for pharmaceutical and biocatalysis applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1996; 56:59-72. [PMID: 8607608 DOI: 10.1007/bf02787870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two different poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives (linear, mol wt 5000 and a branched form, mol wt 10000) and a new polymer (poly-[acryloylmorfoline], mol wt 5500) were covalently bound to the enzyme tyrosinase. The polymer-protein conjugates were studied with a view to their potential pharmaceutical application and to their use for the bioconversion of phenolic substrates in organic solvents. Vmax and Km for the dopa-dopaquinone conversion, thermostability, stability toward inactivation by dopa oxidation products, half-life in blood circulation, and behavior in organic solvents for the different adducts were investigated. Arrhenius plots for the dopa-dopaquinone conversion were also obtained in order to study the effects of temperature on the different enzyme forms. Covalent attachment of the polymers increased enzyme stability in aqueous solution and the solubility in organic solvents. However, organic solvent solubilization brought about loss of enzyme conformation as assessed by CD measurements, which is accompanied by a nonreversible loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morpurgo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biologicamente Attivi del CNR, University of Padova, Italy
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29
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Ottolina G, Gianinetti F, Riva S, Carrea G. Effects of enantiomeric solvents on the activity, thermostability and activation energy of lipoprotein lipase. Catal Today 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5861(94)80120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Bovara R, Ottolina G, Carrea G, Ferruti P, Veronese FM. Modification of lipase fromPseudomonas sp. with poly(acryloylmorpholine) and study of its catalytic properties in organic solvents. Biotechnol Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01022405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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32
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Herradón B, Valverde S. Biocatalytic synthesis of chiral polyoxygenated compounds: modulation of the selectivity upon changes in the experimental conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)80118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Kaga H, Siegmund B, Neufellner E, Faber K, Paltauf F. Stabilization of Candida lipase against acetaldehyde by adsorption onto celite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00154305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Mingarro I, Abad C, Braco L. Characterization of acylating and deacylating activities of an extracellular phospholipase A2 in a water-restricted environment. Biochemistry 1994; 33:4652-60. [PMID: 8161522 DOI: 10.1021/bi00181a600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (ppPLA2) in monophasic low-water media has been explored, for the first time, in a systematic manner. It has been investigated how a number of variables can modulate both acylating and deacylating activities of the enzyme, and several interesting, unexpected results are presented. Among the most relevant, when placing ppPLA2 in the water-restricted environment, are the following: (i) it displays a remarkable alteration of its specificity toward the substrate polar head relative to all-water medium; (ii) it is quite severely inhibited by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which has important implications, particularly concerning its acylation activity; and (iii) it exquisitely discriminates between saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids when esterifying them with LPC. Finally, it is also illustrated how these results can be exploited to optimize the catalytic performance of the enzyme in nonaqueous medium and obtain a nearly 30-fold increase in the yield of phosphatidylcholine synthesis with respect to previously reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mingarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Bovara R, Carrea G, Ottolina G, Riva S. Effects of water activity on Vmax and KM of lipase catalyzed transesterification in organic media. Biotechnol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00131760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bovara R, Carrea G, Ottolina G, Riva S. Water activity does not influence the enantioselectivity of Lipase PS and lipoprotein lipase in organic solvents. Biotechnol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00133018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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